2023～2024学年第二学期高一年级期末学业诊断
物理参考答案及评分建议
一、单项选择题：本题包含 10小题，每小题 3分，共 30分。
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
选项 D C A D D C C B D C
二、多项选择题：本题包含 5小题，每小题 3分，共 15分。
题号 11 12 13 14 15
选项 AD BCD CD AC ABD
三、实验题：共 14分。
16.（6分）
m M xC x 2A
（1） 8T 2 （2分）
mgxB （2分）
（2）大于（2分）
17.（8分）
（1） （1分）
（2）mg （2分） m （1分）
在实验误差允许的范围内，小球的机械能守恒（2分）
（3） （2分）
{#{QQABBYAAogAAAIIAAQgCAQ2YCEOQkBEACagGAFAEoAIAQAFABAA=}#}
四、计算题：共 41分。
18.（7分）
（1）炸弹击中目标时的速度
v = ·····················································································（1分）
°
动能 Ek= ··········································································· （2分）
Ek=1.35 106J···············································································（1分）
（2）炸弹从投放到击中目标
mgh= ·····································································（2分）
h=2880m·····················································································（1分）
19.（7分）
（1）北京三号 C星星座的质量为 m，万有引力提供向心力
= ···············································································（1分）
v= ·······················································································（2分）
（2）设地球两极处重力加速度为 g1，物体的质量为 m0，由万有引力提供重力
= ··············································································（1分）
= ······················································································（1分）
设地球赤道处重力加速度为 g2，由万有引力提供重力和向心力
= +
································································（1分）
=
············································································（1分）
20.（8分）
（1）小球 B运动到 O点的正下方时，小球 A的速度为 vA，小球 B的速度为 vB
vA vB cos
············································································· （2分）
2
vA 0 ······················································································· （1分）
{#{QQABBYAAogAAAIIAAQgCAQ2YCEOQkBEACagGAFAEoAIAQAFABAA=}#}
（2）小球 B运动到 O点的正下方时，小球 A、B的质量为 m，小球 A下将的距
离为 h，由几何关系
h R R ·············································································（1分）
sin
小球 A、B组成的系统机械能守恒
mgh 1 mv2B ··············································································（2分）2
v RB 2g
R ···································································（2分）
sin
21.（9分）
（1）由 Q到 P ，由动能定理
+ = ·························································· ( 1分)
在 P点，管道对小球的弹力为
=
·····································································（2分）
= ···················································································（1分）
方向沿 PO方向············································································（1分）
（2）小球在 P的水平分速度为
= ···············································································（2分）
从 Q到 E , 由动能定理
= ·······································································（1分）
h = ····················································································（1分）
22.（10分）
（1）物块 P由 A到 B，由能量守恒
E 3mgd sin 300弹 3 mgd cos30
0 ···············································（2分）
E弹 3mgd ················································································（1分）
{#{QQABBYAAogAAAIIAAQgCAQ2YCEOQkBEACagGAFAEoAIAQAFABAA=}#}
（2）物块 Q到达 B点时的速度为 vB ，由能量守恒
E 3弹 mgd sin 30
0 3 1 m mgd cos300 v2B ·······························（1分）2 2 2 2
vB 6gd ·················································································（1分）
物块 Q离开 B点后做斜上抛运动，在最高点时速度最小
vmin vB cos30
0 ··········································································（1分）
v 3min 2gd·············································································· （1分）2
（3）物块 Q到达地面时的动能为 Ek，由机械能守恒
m g 2d E 1 m k v
2
B ································································（2分）2 2 2
E 5k mgd ················································································（1分）2
{#{QQABBYAAogAAAIIAAQgCAQ2YCEOQkBEACagGAFAEoAIAQAFABAA=}#}4.如图所示，轻弹簧竖直自然放置，下端固定在水平地面上。质量为的小球在弹簧正上方一定
2023~2024学年第二学期高一年级期末学业诊断
高度处由静止释放，小球从接触弹簧并竖直向下运动到最低点的过程中，下列选项正确的是
A.小球的机械能守恒
O
物理试卷
B.小球的动能一直减小
(考试时间：下午4：10一5：40)
C.弹力对小球先做正功，后做负功
说明：本试卷为闭卷笔答，答题时间90分钟，满分100分。
D.小球在最低点受到的弹力一定大于2mg
777777
题号
二
三
四
总分
5.2024年5月3日，“嫦娥六号”进人周期T=128min、距月球表面高度h=200km处的圆形轨
得分
道，绕月球做匀速圆周运动。已知月球半径为R,引力常量为G,下列选项正确的是
一、单项选择题：本题包含10小题，每小题3分，共30分。请将正确选项前的字母填入表
A月球的密度为3加
内相应位置。
GT
题号
1
4
5
>
B.月球的质量为4(R+
GT2
答案
C.“嫦娥六号”在地球上的发射速度大于地球的第二宇宙速度
1.关于动能，下列选项正确的是
D.“嫦娥六号”在月球该轨道上的运行速度小于月球的第一宇宙速度
A.物体做曲线运动，动能一定变化
6.如图所示，球A沿固定光滑斜面向下运动，球B斜向下抛出，A、B初速度相同、初始位置高
B.物体的速度变化越大，动能变化越大
度相同。在两球运动到地面的过程中，下列选项正确的是
C.两物体动能相同，速度的大小也一定相同
A.A、B动量的变化量相同
BO
D.酒水车在匀速向前洒水的过程中，动能在减小
B.A、B受到重力的冲量相同
2.关于做功，下列选项正确的是
C.A、B到达地面瞬间速度的大小相等
A.作用力做正功时，其反作用力一定做负功
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D.A、B到达地面瞬间重力的功率相等
B.物体的位移为零，一定没有力对物体做功
7.如图卫星发射时，先将卫星发射至近地轨道，在近地轨道的A点调整速度进入转移轨道，在
C.摩擦力可能对物体做正功、做负功或不做功
崇
D.物体在多个分力的作用下发生了一段位移，每个分力都对物体做功
转移轨道上的远地点B调整速度进入目标轨道。已知引力常量为G,地球质量为M,
3.如图所示，排球运动员朱婷在训练中垫球，排球离开手臂后先竖直向上运动，又竖直向下落
近地轨道半径为r。若变轨前后卫星质量不变，下列选项正确的是
回原位置。在此过程中，下列选项正确的是
A.卫星在转移轨道上经过A点时速度的大小为G
A.空气阻力对排球做负功
r
近地轨道
B.合外力对排球所做总功为零
B.卫星在转移轨道上的周期大于在目标轨道上的周期
地球4
C.排球的重力势能先减小后增大
C.卫星在目标轨道上的机械能大于在近地轨道上的机械能
,转移轨道
目标轨道
D.排球升、降过程中，在同一位置的动能相同
D.卫星在近地轨道上A点需要点火向前喷气减速后才能进入转移轨道
料
高一物理第1页（共8页）
高一物理第2页（共8页）
的
