Unit9-12 易混单词、短语辨析+强化训练
Unit9
考法01 perform 相关单词
(1) perform v.表演;执行。
He has performed on the stage in this way for many years.
We are not sure who is going to perform the task.
(2) performance n.表演;演出。
Our football team's performance has been excellent this year.
(3) performer n.表演者。
The performers are from all over the world.
【典例】I will perform _______ the piano in the concert to be held tonight.
A．with B．on C．at D．/
考法02 辨析too many 、too much、much too
【辨析】too many、too much、much too
（1）too many 意为“太多，大量的”，后跟可数名词复数。例如：
There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.
房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。
The boy has too many questions to ask.
那个男孩有太多的问题要问。
（2）too much作形容词，意为“许多，大量”，后接不可数名词；用作副词，修饰动词。例如：
I ate too much meat. I’m fat. 我吃太多肉了，我胖了。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛不好。
much too，much为副词修饰too，too是副词修饰形容词或副词。例如：
The house was priced much too high.房子的定价太高了。
He was driving much too fast. 他开车太快了。
【典例】My English teacher is ________ strict with us and he always gives us ________ homework to do.
A．too much, too many B．too many, too much
C．much too, too much D．too much, much too
考法03 plenty相关词组
（1）plenty of 意为“大量的，充足的”，相当于a lot of, 既可与可数名词连用，又可与不可数名词连用。例如：
I have plenty of time. 我有很多时间。
The room contained plenty of guests. 屋里有很多客人。
（2）plenty of +名词，作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与名词的数相一致。例如：
There is plenty of work to be done. 有很多工作要做。
Plenty of students have come. 来了许多学生。
（3）in plenty 表示“大量；丰富；充裕”。例如：
There is food and drink in plenty. 有大量的食物和饮料。
【拓展】
（1）a great deal of +不可数名词，表示“大量的”。例如：
They need a great deal of food. 他们需要大量的食物。
（2）a great number of +复数名词，表示“许多的”。例如：
Chinese is spoken by a great number of people in the world. 世界上许多人说汉语。
【典例】 They gave us plenty of help in our English study.
A．many B．a lot C．some D．lots of
考法04 pity词组
pity是名词,意为“遗憾;可惜”,其前通常有不定冠词a。
It's a pity (that)... ......真可惜。 It's a pity that you can't stay longer. 你不能再多停留些时间,真可惜。
It's a pity to do sth. 做某事真可惜。 It's a pity to waste this food. 浪费这份食物真可惜。
What / That's a pity!真可惜! -I lost my wallet.我把钱包弄丢了。 -Oh, what a pity!哦,真可惜!
【拓展】pity作名词,还可意为“怜悯;同情”。如.have pity on怜悯;同情。
I listened to her story with pity.我怀着同情之心听她讲她的故事。
【注意】pity作“遗憾;可惜”讲时,其前通常加不定冠词a;作“怜悯;同
情”讲时,是不可数名词。
【典例】— Let’s go for a picnic on Saturday, James.
—________ I have to do my homework at home.
A．What a pity! B．Don’t worry. C．Best wishes. D．How come
考法05 total相关词组
in total
(1) total作形容词，意为“总计的，总括的，全体的”。
What is the total population of Japan
(2) total作名词，常与in构成短语in total(总共，合计);a total of意为“总计.....
In total, there are about 7.7 billion people worldwide.
Their expenses reached a total of 1, 000 pounds.
【典例】—Now China has more than 270,000 charging piles (充电桩) ________.
—Oh, it must be convenient for electric cars.
A．in total B．in common C．in need
考法06 especially
（1）especially表示“特别地”，用于修饰形容词或副词，强调程度。有时也修饰动词。
例如：It is especially cold today. 今天特别冷。
We are especially busy today. 我们今天特别忙。
I’m feeling especially tired this evening. 今天晚上我特别累。
I especially want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影。
（2） 用于强调目的，意为“特意、专门”，通常与表目的的不定式或介词 for 短语连用。
例如：We bought it especially for you. 这是我们特意为你买的。
The book is written especially for children. 这本书是专门为孩子们写的。
（3）表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。
例如：This street is very crowd, especially on Sundays.
这条街很拥挤，尤其是星期天。
We want to invite some friends, especially Jim and John.
我们想邀请几个朋友，尤其是吉姆和约翰。
【典例】This kind of robot could be especially useful for the old people. 划线单词的词性是_______.
A．形容词 B．副词 C．介词
Unit10
考法01 relax的用法
relaxed 形容词，意为“轻松的，舒适的”。 be relaxed about 意为“对……随意；对……感到放松”。
e.g. 1) We’re relaxed about our breakfast. 我们对早餐较随意。
2) I am relaxed after playing the game. 玩过游戏后我很放松。
辨析：relaxed与relaxing
relaxed :“舒适的；放松的”，既可作表语，也可作定语。多用来形容人，表示人本身很放松；
relaxing :“令人放松的”，指物，表示事或物使人感到放松。
【典例】After listening to the soft music, Jill feels ________.
A．relax B．relaxing C．relaxed D．to relax
考法02 wish, hope和expect的辨析
【辨析】wish, hope和expect的辨析
wish 意为＂希望，想要＂，可加to do 作宾语。wish sb.to do sth. 意为 ＂希望某人做某事＂。wish后可跟that从句，表＂愿望＂，且从句多用虚拟语气。 I wish you to go with me. 我希望你和我一起去。
hope 意为＂希望，期望＂，不能用hope sb.to do sth.，但可以用hope to do sth.。hope也可跟that从句，表＂希望＂。 I hope to visit Guilin. 我希望去参观桂林。
expect 意为＂期待，期望，盼望＂。强调客观上可能实现的＂期望＂。 The shop expects to make a small profit this year. 这家店铺期望今年能赚点儿钱。
【典例】This is such a ________ movie that I ________ my parents to watch it soon.
A．successfully; hope B．successful; hope C．successfully; expect D．successful; expect
考法03 surprise的用法
to one’s surprise意为＂使/让某人吃惊/惊讶的是＂。其中surprise用作名词，意为＂惊奇；意想不到的事＂。
To our surprise, Liu Wei played the piano by foot so well in China’s Got Talents Show. 令我们惊讶的是，在《中国达人秀》里，刘伟用脚弹钢琴弹得如此之好。
I have a surprise for you. 我要告诉你一件意想不到的事。
【拓展】（1）in surprise惊奇地
Rose looked at her mother in surprise. 罗丝惊奇地看着她母亲。
（2）be surprised at 对……感到吃惊。
We are very surprised at the news. 我们对这个消息感到非常吃惊。
（3）be surprised to do sth. 做某事令人感到惊讶。
I was surprised to see you here. 在这里见到你，我很惊讶。
【典例】__________, he succeeded finally!
A．Surprising B．To he surprise C．To his surprise D．Surprised
考法04 take的词组
常见的含有take的词组：
take care of照顾 take care当心;小心;注意
take place发生 take photos 照相
take away拿走 take out (of..(从...里)拿出;取出
take after 与......相像 take. ..to ... 把......带到......
take it easy别紧张 take notes记笔记
take turns轮流 take down拿下;取下
take over接管;接任 take part in参加
【典例】It’s warm outside. Why not ________ your coat
A．take off B．take away C．take up D．take down
考法05 except; except for和but的辨析
except; except for和but的辨析：
这三个短语都有“除……之外”的意思，但具体用法不同：
except 表示“除……之外（没有……）”，着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物。表示一种排除关系。有“减除”之意。
but 和except的用法基本相同。但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯上用于every；all； any；nothing；who等词后。
except for 表示“除……之外”，常对某种基本情况进行具体的、细节方面的修正，其后所接的词同句子的主语不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面。
【典例】—Did you study any other language ________ English when you were at college
—Yes, I studied three. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each.
A．besides; besides B．but; except C．except; except D．besides; except
考法06 exchange的用法
（1）作动词，意为“交换”，引申可表示“交流”经验、思想等。例如：
The two girls always exchanged Christmas gifts.两个女孩经常交换圣诞礼物。
The two armies exchanged prisoners.作战双方交换战俘。
We shall have opportunity to exchange views tomorrow.我们明天有机会交换看法。
They exchanged experiences at the meeting.他们在会上交流经验。
（2）exchange作及物动词时，其宾语后常接介词for，表示“以……换取”；接介词with表示“与某人交换(某物)/与某人交流（想法等）”。
例如：I’d like to exchange a watch for a camera.我想用表换相机。
Would you like to exchange places with me 你愿意跟我换一下地方吗
He likes to exchange ideas with others.他喜欢与别人交流思想。
【拓展】
（1）exchange作名词，意为“交换”。例如：
There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two governments.两国政府间曾多次交换意见。
（2）exchange作名词，意为“兑换，兑换率”。例如：
I’d like to know the exchange rate for German marks. 我想知道德国马克的兑换率。
（3）exchange作名词，意为“交易所”。例如：
She works at the Stock Exchange. 她在证券交易所工作。
【典例】—Excuse me! I want to exchange this coat ________ that one.
—OK. Please just a minute.
A．to B．with C．for
考法07 behave的用法
（1）作动词，意为“表现，行为举止”。 例如：
The young lady behaved courageously in the face of danger. 那位年轻女士面对危险表现得十分勇敢。
She behaves (towards me) more like a friend than a mother. 她像朋友一样（待我）, 而不像是我的母亲.
It’s hard to train children to behave well at the table. 培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的。
（2）作动词，意为“（机器等）开动，运转”。例如：
How is the new machine behaving 新机器运行地怎么样
【拓展】
（1）behavior作名词，意为“行为，举止；态度”。例如：
He was on his best behavior. 他表现极好。
（2）behavior作名词，意为“（机器等的）运转状态，性能”。例如：
The aircraft’s behavior was satisfactory on its first test flight. 那架飞机在第一次试飞时运转情况令人满意。
【典例】When you are __________, you should know how to behave __________.
A．at the table; politely B．at table; polite C．at table; politely D．at tables; polite
考法08 suggestion的用法
（1）suggestion 作可数名词，表示“建议；提议”。例如：
He has given me a helpful suggestion. 他给我提了一项有益的建议
（2）suggestion 作不可数名词，表示“联想；暗示”。例如：
The power of suggestion is very strong.暗示的力量是无比强大的。
【拓展】
suggestion 的动词形式是suggest ，意为“建议”，有以下用法：
（1）可接名词做宾语。例如：
We suggested a visit to the museum the next day.我们建议明天去参观博物馆。
（2）可接动名词做宾语。例如：
I suggested putting off the sports meet.我建议将运动会延期。
They suggested waiting until the proper time.他们建议(我们)等到恰当的时机才行动。
（3）可接that宾语从句，that从句用should+动词原形，should可以省略。例如：
She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
We suggested that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher.我们建议他去向老师道歉。
【典例】Mr. Liu always gives me ________ on how to learn English.
A．an advice B．many advices C．some suggestion D．some advice
Unit11
考法01 辨析：sleepy， asleep与sleeping
sleepy形容词，意为“困倦的；睦睡的”，在句中作宾语补足语。sleepy在句中还
可作定语或表语。
例：a sleepy child一个打瞌睡的孩子
I was too sleepy to hear the end of her report.
我太困了，没有听她的报告的结尾。
辨析：sleepy， asleep与sleeping
sleepy 形容词，在句中作表语、宾语补足语或定语，修饰人时，表示“睦睡的；困倦的"；修饰地方时，表示“冷清的；安静的”
asleep 形容词， 意为“睡着的"， 在句中作表语或宾语补足语， be asleep表示“睡着”的状态， 如果表示“入睡“要用fall sleep或go to sleep. 常用fast/sound修饰asleep，意为“熟睡的”
sleeping 是动词sleep的现在分词， 既可作定语， 又可作表语， 也可作动名词
例：felt sleepy all day. 我整天都犯困。
He was fast asleep. 他睡得很熟，
Let sleeping dogs lie. 别惹是生非(别自找麻烦) .
【典例】I didn’t have a good ________ last night, so I was so ________ that I fell ________ in class.
A．sleep; asleep; sleepy B．sleepy; sleep; asleep C．sleep; sleepy; asleep
考法02 辨析lately、recently 和late
lately副词，意为“最近； 不久前"，常用于完成时的句子中，同义词为recently.
例：What have you been doing lately 你最近在做什么
辨析：lately、recently 、late
lately “最近"，用来指一段时间，常用于现在完成进行时
recently “最近”，既可用来指一段时间，也可指某一时刻
late 意为“晚； 迟
例：Just lately/recently l have been wondering whether to look for a new job
就是最近我一直在考虑要不要找一份新工作。
Just recently l decided to look for a new job. 就是最近我决定找一份新工作。
Have you seen them lately 你最近见到过他们吗
Jenny didn't come late to school the next morning.詹妮第二天早辰上学没迟到。
【典例】—The driver arrived ________ and brought us a lot of trouble.
—I’m sorry to hear that. I will send his company a complaint letter ________.
A．lately; later B．later; late C．late; lately D．late; later
考法03 辨析neither...nor...；both…and…；either…or…
neither...nor...是固定结构，意为“既不……也不……”，表示两者都否定。例如：
It's neither cold nor hot. 天气既不冷也不热。
He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事既不知道也不关心。
辨析：neither...nor...；both…and…；either…or…
这三个词组都可用作连词，但搭配和意义各不相同。总的说来，要注意它们应连接两个平行对等的句子成分(即同为两个主语、谓语、宾语、状语等)。
（1）both…and…表示两者兼有。例如：
She was both tired and hungry. 她又累又饿。
He speaks both English and French. 他既说英语又说法语。
（2）either…or…表示两者或两种可能性中任择其一。例如：
He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了就是醉了。
You can either write or phone to request a copy. 你可以写信可打电话来索取一本。
【注意】以上连词连接主语时，both…and…一般只与复数谓语连用，either…or…和 neither…nor…则通常根据就近原则，要求谓语动词与最邻近主语的人称、数保持一致。例如：
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错就是我错。
Neither he nor she was at home. 他和她都不在家。
Both New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
【典例】 —I’ve just checked at the booking office. ________ The Spy 007 ________ ET are on at the Palace Cinema. Which one would you like to see
—_________ is fine. We can watch ________ one next week.
A．Both, and, Both, other B．Either, or, Both, another
C．Neither, nor, Either, the other D．Both, and, Either, the other
考法04 辨析feel like; would like与want
feel like; would like与want的辨析：
三者都可表示“想要做某事”。其用法分别如下：
（1）feel like后接名词、代词或动名词，构成feel like doing sth.。例如：
I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。
（2）would like后接名词、代词或不定式。构成would like to do sth.。例如：
What would you like to do now 你现在想做什么？
（3）want后可接名词或不定式，构成want to do sth.。例如：
Do you want to join us 你想加入到我们中吗？
【典例】—Would you like ________ shopping with me
—Sorry, I feel like ________ the book at home.
A．to go; read B．to go; reading C．going; to read D．going; reading
考法05 worry用法
（1）worry可用作不及物动词或及物动词。作及物动词时，意为“使烦恼，使担忧”。作不及物动词时，意为“发愁，担心，烦恼”，常与介词about连用。例如：
What’s worrying you 什么事使你烦恼？
Don’t worry about me. 不要为我担心。
（2）worry也可用作名词。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。例如：
Her face showed signs of worry. 她脸上显出担忧的神情。
I have a lot of worries. 我有很多担心。
（3）worry的过去分词worried相当于形容词，意为“担心的，烦恼的”，常与be/look/feel等系动词连用。be worried about意为“为……担心”。例如：
She is worried about her sick mother. 她担心她生病的母亲。
【典例】— The final exam is coming. I’m still ________ about my English.
— Don’t ________ about that. You should take it easy.
A．worry; worried B．worried; worry C．worry; worrying D．worried; worried
考法06 辨析：how often, how soon与how long
（1）how long意为“多长时间”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。例如：
How long do you watch TV 你看电视多长时间了？
How long can I keep the book 这本书我可以借多久？
（2）how long还可用来询问长度。例如：
How long is the river 这条河多长？
【拓展】辨析：how often, how soon与how long
词语 词义 用法 答语特征
how often 多久一次 询问动作的频率 often, twice a week等
how soon 多快，过多久 询问时间多快 in+ 一段时间
how long 多久；多长 询问时间多久；询问长度 for/about+一段时间；具体数字+长度单位
【典例】_____ do you write to your friends and _______ will you write to them again
A．How soon；how long B．How often；how many time
C．How often；how soon D．How far；how long
考法07 down相关词组
let sb down 不能帮助；不能支持(某人)；使失望；放下；降低
let sb down =make sb frustrated 使……失望或沮丧
He let his wife down when he failed to obtain promotion. 他没有得到提升，令他妻子失望。
down短语：
go down下降，降低，被载入，传下去 take down记下，写下
write down写下，记下 put down记下，放下，镇压，平定
turn down (把音量)调低 walk down... 沿着……走
look down upon 看不起 up and down上上下下
die down渐渐消失，平息
【典例】—Sally, I don’t want to go to Tony’s party. But I don’t know how to________.
—Don’t worry. Let me help you.
A．put him down B．turn him down C．pull him down D．write him down
考法08 辨析：hear sb.doing sth.与hear sb.do sth
hear sb.doing sth.表示“听见某人正在做某事"
例：I heard them laughing when passed his house.
我经过他的房子时听到他们在笑。
辨析：hear sb.doing sth.与hear sb.do sth
hear sb.doing sth 意为"听到某人正在做某事"，是听到正在进行的动作，而不是整个过程
hear sb.do sth. 意为“听到某人做某事”，是听到做的整个过程，或听到经常这样做，变为被动语态时，要把动词不定式符号to添上
例：I heard her singing in the room at that time. 那时我听到她正在房间里唱歌.
We often hear her sing this song. 我们经常听到她唱这首歌
She is often heard to sing this song. 她经常被听到唱这首歌。
【典例】— Listen! Who is singing in the front of the yard
— I guess it is Sally. I often hear her ________ there.
A．singing B．sings C．to sing D．sing
考法09 辨析：other / the other / others / another
other / the other / others / another的区别：
（1）other为形容词“别的，其他的”。作代词用时前面可加the / any /some等或用作复数。例如：
He is taller than any other brothers. 他比其他几个兄弟都高。
（2）the other意为“另一个人，另一个东西”，指两者中另外的一个。例如：
I have two books. One is an English book, the other is a Chinese book.
我有两本书，一本是英语书，另一本是中文书。
（3）others意为“其他的人或物”，作代词用。例如：
You should think of others. 你应该想想别人。
（4）another作形容词，意为“另外的，别的”，只可修饰单数名词；作代词，意为“另一个，再一个”，指三者或三者以上中的任何一个。例如：
Here comes another bus. 又来了一辆公共汽车。
【典例】---I have two postcards. One is for Tom and _____ is for Jim.
---Why not buy ______ one for Jack
A．the other; other B．another; the other C．the other; another
Unit12
考法01 辨析forget和leave
（1）forget：忘记、遗忘；后面不能+地点侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟to do(忘了要去做)或doing(忘了做过)。forget指由于记忆上的忽略而忘记了某人或某事物。后面可以接名词、不定式to do、动名词-ing形式，不能同表示地点的词语连用。
I forgot my bag.我遗忘了我的包。
（2）leave：放下；丢下；留下，后面要+“某地或者某人”侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语；
英文解释：If you leave something or someone in a particular place, you let them remain there when you go away. If you leave something or someone with a person, you let them remain with that person so they are safe while you are away.--如果你把某物或某人留在某地，意思是当你离开时，让他们留在那里。如果你把某物或某人留给某人，你让他们留在那个人身边，这样当你不在的时候，他们会很安全。
根据英文解释，leave的确切翻译应该是：丢下、留下的意思，后面要跟“某地或者某人”。
She left her bag in the bus.--她把包丢在公交车上了。
【典例】—Please give the book back to me.
— Oh, I am sorry. I ______ to bring it here. I ______ it at home.
A．forget, forget B．forgot, left
C．forgotten, forget D．will forget, leave
考法02 go相关词组
go off意为“(闹钟等) 响”，也可以表示“(食物) 变坏、变质； (灯) 熄灭； (水、电)断掉；(质量)下降"。
例：My alarm clock goes off at six every morning. 我的闹钟每天早晨6点响，
Milk goes off quickly in hot weather. 牛奶在热天很快就变质.
The goods sold at this shop have gone off. 这个商店出售的货物的质量下降了
【go的习惯搭配】
go back返回 go by经过
go out出去 go around四处走动
go home回家 go away走开，离开
go shopping去购物 go on继续
【典例】For our safety, we are taught that once the smoke alarm ________, we should calm down and leave the building in order.
A．puts off B．goes off C．cuts off D．shuts off
考法03 辨析be about to do与be going to do
(1)辨析be about to do与be going to do
① be about to do表示马上就要发生的事，可与when引导的时间状语从句连用。
We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。
He was about to go out when the doorbell rang. 她刚要出去，这时门铃响了。
注意：be about to do不可和tomorrow等表示将来的副词连用。
② be going to do表示某人打算要做某事或根据迹象要发生某事。
I am going to travel tomorrow. 我打算明天去旅行。
It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
【典例】I was just about to have lunch ________ somebody called me.
A．until B．when C．before D．while
考法04 above的用法及辨析
above的用法：
(1)prep.(表示位置)在……正上方；高于(与below相对)
The moon is now above the trees. 月亮正位于树梢上。
(2)prep. 表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面＂超过＂
He is above me in every way. 他各个方面都比我强。
(3)adv. 在上面；(级别、数目等)更高；更大；更多；在上文
See the examples given above. 见上述例子。
辨析：above， on与over
above “在......上面"， 表示两者不接触， 也不垂直， 与below(在...... 下面)相对
on “在......上面"， 指两者表面接触， 与beneath(在......下面) 相对
over “在......正上方"，表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指“笼罩/覆盖 在上面"， 与under(在...正下方) 相对
例：There is a plane above the tree. 树上方有一架飞机。
There is a box on the table. 桌上有个盒子，
There is bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。
【典例】The temperature today is _______ 30℃. It’s really hot for April.
A．above B．under C．behind D．in
考法05 alive的用法
alive形容词，意为“活着；有生气的”.通常用在连系动词be等之后作表语， 有时也用在名词之后作后置定语，但不能用在名词之前作前置定语.
辨析：alive， live， living与lively
alive 意为“活着；有生气的"，侧重生与死之间的界线，可以作后置定语 和表语，不能作前置定语。多修饰人，也可修饰物
live 意为“活生生的"，通常只作前置定语，且一般用来修饰物
living 意为“活着的“，强调尚在人间、健在，作前置定语或表语。多修饰物，也可修饰人
lively 意为“生动的；活泼的"，通常用来描述人及其行为或活动，可以作 定语或表语
例：His grandparents are still alive. 他的(外) 祖父母都还健在。
This is live fish. 这是一条活鱼。
All living things need water. 一切生物都需要水。
【典例】We humans, animals and plants are all ________ things. Air and water keep us ________.
A．living; alive B．alive; living C．living; living D．alive; alive
考法06 fool的用法及辨析
①fool用作可数名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”，复数形式为fools，常用短语：make fool of...意为“取笑......，捉弄......".
例：I felt such a fool when I realized my mistake.
当我意识到自己的错误时，我才感觉自己真是一个傻瓜。
Are you trying to make fool of me 你想患弄我吗
②fool用作动词，意为“愚弄，欺哄"。
例：Don't be fooled by the salesman. 不要被这个推销员欺骗了。
知识拓属
fool的形容词为foolish，意为“患蠢的，荒谬的"。
例：I was foolish enough to believe what he said.
我太愚蠢了，竟然相信他说的话，
辨析：foolish， silly与stupid
foolish “蠢"， 着重指缺乏智慧或判断力
silly “傻"， 着重指头脑简单、不懂事， 有单纯糊涂的意味
stupid “笨"， 着重指生理迟钝， 反应迟钝
例：She was foolish enough to trust him. 她蠢到竟然相信他。
I feel silly in this dress. 穿这件衣服让我显得呆头呆脑。
How could you be so stupid 你怎么这么笨
【典例】— The story “Yan Er Dao Ling” is about a thief, right
— Oh, yes. The thief was foolish and he covered his ears to steal (偷) the bell.
A．not brave B．not right C．not clever
考法07 costume的用法及辨析
costume名词，意为“服装；装束".指特定场合穿的衣服，如化装舞会时穿的服装、表演戏剧时穿的戏服或某一时代或某地特有的装束。
例：He went to the party in giant chicken costume.他是打扮成一只大鸡去参加聚会的。
辨析： costume， cloth， clothing与dress
costume 名词，意为“服装；装束".当指”戏装，化装服时，是可数名词
clothes 是最常用词，统指身上的各种服装，包括上衣、裤子、内衣等，是复数名词， 可与many， few等词连用，但不能直接与数词连用， “一套衣服”要说a suit of clothes
clothing 是物质名词，是服装的总称，除衣裤外还包括帽子、鞋袜等，没有复数形式，“一件衣服”要说an article of clothing
dress 范围较小，作可数名词时，指一件女服、连衣裙；作不可数名词时，指某种特殊衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的衣服
例：The girl designed costumes for a famous singe. 这个女孩儿为一位有名的歌手设计服装。
The clothes in this shop are very beautiful. 这家商店的衣服非常漂亮。
We have to put on warm clothing in winter. 冬天我们不得不穿上暖和的衣服。
She wears a beautiful evening dress. 她穿着一件漂亮的晚礼服。
【典例】There is a big ________ shop near my home and I often buy ________ there.
A．clothing; clothes B．clothes; clothing
C．clothing; cloth D．clothes; cloth
考法08 run away的用法及辨析
Run away from意为“从......逃脱；回避；逃避"；run away意为“逃跑；逃脱”.
例：It's best not to runaway from your problems. 最好不要逃避你的问题。
The teenager ran away after being punished.
那个青少年受到惩罚之后就逃跑了。
[习惯搭配】
in the long/short run从长期/短期看 run across偶然碰见
run after追赶；追捕；跟踪 run into撞上；遇到
run for竞选 run out of用尽； 用完
【典例】When the policemen walked ________ the house, the thief (小偷) wanted to run ________.
A．into; away B．into; along C．onto; off D．onto; away
强化训练
一、单项选择
1．—Could you give me some advice on how to use my time
—First of all, you ________ to spend more time studying.
A．supposed B．were supposed C．are supposing D．are supposed
2．—What did the workers do when they saw the materials on fire
—They ________ the gas and electricity at once.
A．shut off B．took off C．put off D．got off
3．—What kind of movies do you like
—I like the movies ________ are about Chinese history.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．that
4．Don’t sit there daydreaming. Nobody can succeed without ______.
A．effort B．patience C．attention D．praise
5．—_________ go to see the movie Home Coming with me tonight
—Good idea!
A．Let’s B．Why don’t C．Would you like D．Why not
6．My alarm clock didn’t ________. There must be something wrong with it.
A．go off B．take off C．put off D．set off
7．—What do you often do in your ________ time, Mike
—I often play soccer with my friends.
A．full B．empty C．spare D．busy
8．— ________ attend the folk concert tonight, Judy
— I’d love to, but I’m busy preparing for the exam!
A．Why not you B．Shall we C．What about D．Would you like
9．—To have a bright future. We should ________ study hard ________ keep in good health.
—Yes, I agree with you.
A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not; but
10．My grandpa takes a lot of exercise every day and he is always full of ________.
A．energy B．courage C．knowledge D．message
11．Frank doesn’t have the ________ to try new things because he doesn’t want to take risks.
A．relief B．fault C．goal D．courage
12．Our parents always make us _____ at home. Besides, we are often made _____ housework.
A．to stay; to do B．stay; to do C．stay; do D．to stay; do
13．—It’s ________ the working hour. I’m afraid you have to come next time.
—OK. See you tomorrow.
A．against B．above C．over D．beyond
14．The young men all shouted “Happy New Year” ________ it was twelve o’clock.
A．after B．as soon as C．if D．until
15．—Cindy looks down these days.
—She lost her watch that is ________ to her.
A．uncomfortable B．valuable C．available D．believable
二、完形填空
先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
Dragons are not real animals, but they look like a mix of many animals such as snakes, fish and tigers in Chinese culture. They have two horns (角) and a long 16 . With fantastic powers, they can 17 in the sky or swim in the sea. They can make rain, too.
The Chinese dragon is a symbol of 18 and good luck. The kings of ancient China 19 dragons. Their clothes were covered with 20 of dragons. Today we are 21 to call ourselves the “descendants (后代) of the dragon”. In China, excellent people are often called “dragons”. A number of Chinese sayings talk about dragons, such as “Hope one’s child will become a dragon”, which means that 22 hopes the child will be successful.
It is 23 that people born in the Year of the Dragon have certain characters. They are creative, active, and brave, but they become angry 24 . There are some famous “dragons” who have done excellent things and are very 25 .
There are also some traditional 26 about dragons in China, such as the Dragon Head-raising Day and the Dragon Boat Festival, which are 27 in different ways. These two festivals come every year, 28 the Year of the Dragon comes every twelve years.
The dragon is one of the most important elements in Chinese culture. Someone 29 is interested in Chinese culture may study it and thus have a better understanding of Chinese culture. We are the “descendants of the dragon”, and it’s our duty to work together to 30 our traditional culture on to more and more people.
16．A．face B．hair C．body D．arm
17．A．cry B．fly C．jump D．eat
18．A．contribution B．job C．power D．treasure
19．A．touched B．laughed C．hated D．loved
20．A．smell B．pictures C．taste D．appearances
21．A．amazed B．proud C．shy D．interested
22．A．someone B．anybody C．something D．anything
23．A．studied B．shocked C．said D．suggested
24．A．completely B．hardlly C．gladly D．easily
25．A．natural B．successful C．strange D．impolite
26．A．messages B．information C．festivals D．service
27．A．celebrated B．promised C．decided D．offered
28．A．until B．while C．unless D．before
29．A．where B．what C．which D．who
30．A．choose B．pick C．pass D．save
三、阅读理解
A
In many countries around the world, May 1st is a holiday which is called Labor Day or Workers’ Day. It is an interesting holiday that honors working people and their jobs. But do you know how it started
During the late 1880s, in many parts of the world, people worked for fourteen to sixteen hours a day in factories, but made very little money. Later, in the United States and Canada, working people got together to set up unions（工会）. The union leaders asked factory bosses for shorter working time and higher salaries（工资）, but many of the bosses ________.
On May 1st, 1886, men and women in the United States and Canada stopped working and went onto the streets. They walked through cities and towns to force bosses to let them work eight hours a day. In the city of Chicago, several people died in fighting with the police. Over the next few years, people in cities around the world stopped working on May 1st to honor workers everywhere. By the early twentieth century, the first of May became a national holiday in many countries.
However, in the United States and Canada, May 1st is not a holiday. North Americans celebrate Labor Day on the first Monday in September. Today in the United States, Labor Day is mostly about having fun. People enjoy a long weekend and often celebrate it by having picnics with friends or family. In many parts of the United States, Labor Day is also the last day of summer vacation, and students return to school the next day.
31．How long did people work a day in factories in the late 1880s
A．For 8-10 hours. B．For 10-12 hours. C．For 12-14 hours. D．For 14-16 hours.
32．Which can be the best for ________
A．refused their ideas B．accepted their ideas C．agreed with them D．understood them
33．What does the underlined word “force” mean
A．感激 B．迫使 C．宣扬 D．欣赏
34．Which is the right order（顺序）of the following events
①Working people began to fight for better life.
②People stopped working on May 1st to honor workers.
③Working people set up unions.
A．①②③ B．②①③ C．③②① D．③①②
35．How do people often celebrate Labor Day in America nowadays
A．By working all day. B．By giving gifts to working people.
C．By having picnics with friends or family. D．By having a big ceremony.
B
Shangsi Festival is an ancient Chinese festival celebrated on the third day of the third lunar month(阴历月).
In 2018, the Communist Youth League’s Central Committee set the day as China Huafu Day. It’s a way to show the beauty of traditional Chinese clothes. It was first celebrated on April 18 that year in Xi’an, Shaanxi. Since then, the Chinese people have celebrated it once a year.
There are many stories about Shangsi Festival’s origin. Some say it comes from a dinner party along the Qushui River during the Zhou Dynasty (周朝). Others say it comes from the tradition of washing the whole body in rivers to take away bad luck.
Shangsi Festival activities have changed as time goes by. Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty described that people wrote poems while drinking along the river on the day in his Lanting Xu. In the Tang Dynasty, people enjoyed drinks and did some sightseeing. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the festival developed into a spring trip with lively activities like listening to music.
Five-coloured sticky rice and painted eggs are traditional food during the festival. People believe rice is good for health and painted eggs are symbol of love.
It’s a pity that because Shangsi Festival is so close to Qingming Festival, few young people today know about it.
36．How many times have the Chinese people celebrated China Huafu Day
A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times.
37．The underlined word origin means “ ________ ” in Chinese.
A．发展 B．起源 C．习俗 D．消失
38．What activity did Wang Xizhi describe in his Lanting Xu
A．Planting some trees.
B．Cleaning the houses.
C．Washing the whole body in rivers.
D．Writing poems while drinking along the river.
39．What is the fifth paragraph mainly about
A．Meanings of Shangsi Festival.
B．Activities of Shangsi Festival.
C．Traditional Shangsi Festival food.
D．Traditional Shangsi Festival clothes.
40．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To tell us about a traditional festival.
B．To show us how he spends Shangsi Festival.
C．To advise us to pay attention to traditional festivals.
D．To encourage us to take part in traditional festival activities.
四、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Chongyang Festival is a traditional Chinese festival for the elders. It 41 （celebrate）on the ninth day of the ninth lunar（农历的）month. So it is also called Double Ninth Festival.
The Double Ninth Festival is celebrated by caring for 42 elderly, eating special food to drive away danger, and 43 （enjoy）outdoor sports. The most well-known traditions are climbing mountains, hiking, eating Chongyang cakes, admiring chrysanthemums（赏菊）and wearing cornel（茱萸）. Here is something about the 44 （activity）of the Double Ninth Festival.
People started to climb mountains to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival in ancient times. So some people call the festival Mountain Climbing Festival. There are no rules about how high people should climb. Some people climb hills and some climb high towers 45 this special day.
Like the rice cake for the Chinese New Year, the Chongyang cake is a traditional food 46 （eat）during the festival. The traditional Chongyang cake should 47 （make）into nine layers（层）, like a tower. These days, all of the soft cakes eaten to celebrate the Chongyang Festival are called Chongyang cakes.
In ancient times, people would wear cornel on the arm and head. It is believed that 48 （wear）cornel could avoid bad things. Today, some people still decorate（装饰）their houses with cornel at the Chongyang Festival and Dragon Boat Festival.
The Double Ninth Festival is in autumn every year. At that time, there are many kinds of chrysanthemums, and people have 49 （love）them since ancient times. So admiring chrysanthemums（赏菊） 50 drinking chrysanthemum tea are naturally popular at the Double Ninth Festival.
答案第1页，共2页Unit9-12 易混单词、短语辨析+强化训练
Unit9
考法01 perform 相关单词
(1) perform v.表演;执行。
He has performed on the stage in this way for many years.
We are not sure who is going to perform the task.
(2) performance n.表演;演出。
Our football team's performance has been excellent this year.
(3) performer n.表演者。
The performers are from all over the world.
【典例】I will perform _______ the piano in the concert to be held tonight.
A．with B．on C．at D．/
【答案】B
【详解】perform on“演奏……”，固定搭配。
考法02 辨析too many 、too much、much too
【辨析】too many、too much、much too
（1）too many 意为“太多，大量的”，后跟可数名词复数。例如：
There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.
房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。
The boy has too many questions to ask.
那个男孩有太多的问题要问。
（2）too much作形容词，意为“许多，大量”，后接不可数名词；用作副词，修饰动词。例如：
I ate too much meat. I’m fat. 我吃太多肉了，我胖了。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛不好。
much too，much为副词修饰too，too是副词修饰形容词或副词。例如：
The house was priced much too high.房子的定价太高了。
He was driving much too fast. 他开车太快了。
【典例】My English teacher is ________ strict with us and he always gives us ________ homework to do.
A．too much, too many B．too many, too much
C．much too, too much D．too much, much too
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我的英语老师对我们太严格了，他总是让我们做太多的作业。考查短语辨析。too much太多，修饰不可数名词；too many太多，修饰可数名词复数；much too太，修饰副词或形容词。“strict”是形容词，其前用much too；“homework”是不可数名词，其前用too much。故选C。
考法03 plenty相关词组
（1）plenty of 意为“大量的，充足的”，相当于a lot of, 既可与可数名词连用，又可与不可数名词连用。例如：
I have plenty of time. 我有很多时间。
The room contained plenty of guests. 屋里有很多客人。
（2）plenty of +名词，作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与名词的数相一致。例如：
There is plenty of work to be done. 有很多工作要做。
Plenty of students have come. 来了许多学生。
（3）in plenty 表示“大量；丰富；充裕”。例如：
There is food and drink in plenty. 有大量的食物和饮料。
【拓展】
（1）a great deal of +不可数名词，表示“大量的”。例如：
They need a great deal of food. 他们需要大量的食物。
（2）a great number of +复数名词，表示“许多的”。例如：
Chinese is spoken by a great number of people in the world. 世界上许多人说汉语。
【典例】 They gave us plenty of help in our English study.
A．many B．a lot C．some D．lots of
【答案】D
【详解】句意：在英语学习上他们给了我们很多帮助。考查同义词和词汇辨析。many许多，后跟可数名词复数；a lot非常；some一些；lots of许多，其后可跟可数名词复数也可跟不可数名词。“help”是不可数名词，plenty of表示“许多，大量”，结合选项，可用lots of替换。故选D。
考法04 pity词组
pity是名词,意为“遗憾;可惜”,其前通常有不定冠词a。
It's a pity (that)... ......真可惜。 It's a pity that you can't stay longer. 你不能再多停留些时间,真可惜。
It's a pity to do sth. 做某事真可惜。 It's a pity to waste this food. 浪费这份食物真可惜。
What / That's a pity!真可惜! -I lost my wallet.我把钱包弄丢了。 -Oh, what a pity!哦,真可惜!
【拓展】pity作名词,还可意为“怜悯;同情”。如.have pity on怜悯;同情。
I listened to her story with pity.我怀着同情之心听她讲她的故事。
【注意】pity作“遗憾;可惜”讲时,其前通常加不定冠词a;作“怜悯;同
情”讲时,是不可数名词。
【典例】— Let’s go for a picnic on Saturday, James.
—________ I have to do my homework at home.
A．What a pity! B．Don’t worry. C．Best wishes. D．How come
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我们星期六去野餐吧，詹姆斯。——真遗憾！我不得不在家做作业。
考查情景交际。What a pity!真遗憾！Don’t worry.别担心；Best wishes.最好的祝愿；How come 怎么会这样呢？（用于因为惊讶而询问）；根据“ Let’s go for a picnic on Saturday, James.”及“ I have to do my homework at home.”可知，对方建议星期六去野餐，而詹姆斯却不得不在家做作业，詹姆斯对不能去野餐表示遗憾。故选A。
考法05 total相关词组
in total
(1) total作形容词，意为“总计的，总括的，全体的”。
What is the total population of Japan
(2) total作名词，常与in构成短语in total(总共，合计);a total of意为“总计.....
In total, there are about 7.7 billion people worldwide.
Their expenses reached a total of 1, 000 pounds.
【典例】—Now China has more than 270,000 charging piles (充电桩) ________.
—Oh, it must be convenient for electric cars.
A．in total B．in common C．in need
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——现在中国总共有超过27万个充电桩。——对电动汽车来说一定很方便。
考查副词短语。 in total总共，合计；in common共有的，相同的；in need在危难中。根据“Now China has more than 270,000 charging piles”可知，此处指充电桩的总数量，用in total表示。故选A。
考法06 especially
（1）especially表示“特别地”，用于修饰形容词或副词，强调程度。有时也修饰动词。
例如：It is especially cold today. 今天特别冷。
We are especially busy today. 我们今天特别忙。
I’m feeling especially tired this evening. 今天晚上我特别累。
I especially want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影。
（2） 用于强调目的，意为“特意、专门”，通常与表目的的不定式或介词 for 短语连用。
例如：We bought it especially for you. 这是我们特意为你买的。
The book is written especially for children. 这本书是专门为孩子们写的。
（3）表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。
例如：This street is very crowd, especially on Sundays.
这条街很拥挤，尤其是星期天。
We want to invite some friends, especially Jim and John.
我们想邀请几个朋友，尤其是吉姆和约翰。
【典例】This kind of robot could be especially useful for the old people. 划线单词的词性是_______.
A．形容词 B．副词 C．介词
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这种机器人可能对老年人尤其有用。
考查词性判断。“especially”意为“尤其，特别”，是副词，在句子修饰形容词“useful”。故选B。
Unit10
考法01 relax的用法
relaxed 形容词，意为“轻松的，舒适的”。 be relaxed about 意为“对……随意；对……感到放松”。
e.g. 1) We’re relaxed about our breakfast. 我们对早餐较随意。
2) I am relaxed after playing the game. 玩过游戏后我很放松。
辨析：relaxed与relaxing
relaxed :“舒适的；放松的”，既可作表语，也可作定语。多用来形容人，表示人本身很放松；
relaxing :“令人放松的”，指物，表示事或物使人感到放松。
【典例】After listening to the soft music, Jill feels ________.
A．relax B．relaxing C．relaxed D．to relax
【答案】C
【详解】句意：听了这首柔和的音乐，吉尔感到很放松。
考查形容词辨析。relax放松，动词原形；relaxing令人放松的；relaxed轻松的；to relax不定式；此处填形容词与feel构成系表结构，所以排除A和D；现在分词（-ing）当表语表主语的性质或特征；过去分词（-ed）当表语表主语所处的状态（情感、情绪）；此处表人的情绪，排除B；故选C。
考法02 wish, hope和expect的辨析
【辨析】wish, hope和expect的辨析
wish 意为＂希望，想要＂，可加to do 作宾语。wish sb.to do sth. 意为 ＂希望某人做某事＂。wish后可跟that从句，表＂愿望＂，且从句多用虚拟语气。 I wish you to go with me. 我希望你和我一起去。
hope 意为＂希望，期望＂，不能用hope sb.to do sth.，但可以用hope to do sth.。hope也可跟that从句，表＂希望＂。 I hope to visit Guilin. 我希望去参观桂林。
expect 意为＂期待，期望，盼望＂。强调客观上可能实现的＂期望＂。 The shop expects to make a small profit this year. 这家店铺期望今年能赚点儿钱。
【典例】This is such a ________ movie that I ________ my parents to watch it soon.
A．successfully; hope B．successful; hope C．successfully; expect D．successful; expect
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这是一部如此成功的电影，以致于我期待我父母能尽快去看。
考查形容词作定语和动词辨析。successfully副词，成功地；hope希望；successful形容词，成功的；expect期望。movie是名词，所以第一空使用形容词successful修饰名词；expect sb. to do sth.期望某人干某事；hope to do sth.希望干某事，根据“my parents to watch it soon”可知，第二空使用expect。故选D。
考法03 surprise的用法
to one’s surprise意为＂使/让某人吃惊/惊讶的是＂。其中surprise用作名词，意为＂惊奇；意想不到的事＂。
To our surprise, Liu Wei played the piano by foot so well in China’s Got Talents Show. 令我们惊讶的是，在《中国达人秀》里，刘伟用脚弹钢琴弹得如此之好。
I have a surprise for you. 我要告诉你一件意想不到的事。
【拓展】（1）in surprise惊奇地
Rose looked at her mother in surprise. 罗丝惊奇地看着她母亲。
（2）be surprised at 对……感到吃惊。
We are very surprised at the news. 我们对这个消息感到非常吃惊。
（3）be surprised to do sth. 做某事令人感到惊讶。
I was surprised to see you here. 在这里见到你，我很惊讶。
【典例】__________, he succeeded finally!
A．Surprising B．To he surprise C．To his surprise D．Surprised
【答案】C
【详解】句意：令他惊讶的是，他最后成功了！
本题考查介词短语和形容词。surprising令人惊讶的，修饰事物；to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是，surprised感到惊讶的，描述人的感受。此处修饰整个句子，用介词短语做状语。故选C。
考法04 take的词组
常见的含有take的词组：
take care of照顾 take care当心;小心;注意
take place发生 take photos 照相
take away拿走 take out (of..(从...里)拿出;取出
take after 与......相像 take. ..to ... 把......带到......
take it easy别紧张 take notes记笔记
take turns轮流 take down拿下;取下
take over接管;接任 take part in参加
【典例】It’s warm outside. Why not ________ your coat
A．take off B．take away C．take up D．take down
【答案】A
【详解】句意：外面很暖和。为什么不脱掉你的外套？
考查动词短语。take off脱掉；take away拿走；take up占据；take down记录下；根据“It’s warm outside.”可知，外面很暖和，因此建议你脱掉外套。故选A。
考法05 except; except for和but的辨析
except; except for和but的辨析：
这三个短语都有“除……之外”的意思，但具体用法不同：
except 表示“除……之外（没有……）”，着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物。表示一种排除关系。有“减除”之意。
but 和except的用法基本相同。但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯上用于every；all； any；nothing；who等词后。
except for 表示“除……之外”，常对某种基本情况进行具体的、细节方面的修正，其后所接的词同句子的主语不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面。
【典例】—Did you study any other language ________ English when you were at college
—Yes, I studied three. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each.
A．besides; besides B．but; except C．except; except D．besides; except
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——当你在大学的时候，除了英语你还学过任何其它的语言吗？——是的，我学过三种。但是除了每种语言的一点单词外我已经忘了所有。考查介词词义辨析。besides除了，包括其后的宾语在内；but除了，侧重指不包括在内；except除了，不包括在内，语气更强。根据题意可知提问者问对方学了哪些语言，英语属于语言，包括在内，所以第一空填besides；而回答者把学过的都忘了，只记住几个单词，这几个单词不在遗忘的范围内，所以第二空填except/but。故选D。
考法06 exchange的用法
（1）作动词，意为“交换”，引申可表示“交流”经验、思想等。例如：
The two girls always exchanged Christmas gifts.两个女孩经常交换圣诞礼物。
The two armies exchanged prisoners.作战双方交换战俘。
We shall have opportunity to exchange views tomorrow.我们明天有机会交换看法。
They exchanged experiences at the meeting.他们在会上交流经验。
（2）exchange作及物动词时，其宾语后常接介词for，表示“以……换取”；接介词with表示“与某人交换(某物)/与某人交流（想法等）”。
例如：I’d like to exchange a watch for a camera.我想用表换相机。
Would you like to exchange places with me 你愿意跟我换一下地方吗
He likes to exchange ideas with others.他喜欢与别人交流思想。
【拓展】
（1）exchange作名词，意为“交换”。例如：
There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two governments.两国政府间曾多次交换意见。
（2）exchange作名词，意为“兑换，兑换率”。例如：
I’d like to know the exchange rate for German marks. 我想知道德国马克的兑换率。
（3）exchange作名词，意为“交易所”。例如：
She works at the Stock Exchange. 她在证券交易所工作。
【典例】—Excuse me! I want to exchange this coat ________ that one.
—OK. Please just a minute.
A．to B．with C．for
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——打扰一下！我想要把这件外套换成那件。——好的，请等一下。
考查介词辨析。to到；with用；for为了。根据“I want to exchange this coat … that one.” 可知，此句指“我想要换一下外套”。exchange... for...意为 “用……换取”，故选C。
考法07 behave的用法
（1）作动词，意为“表现，行为举止”。 例如：
The young lady behaved courageously in the face of danger. 那位年轻女士面对危险表现得十分勇敢。
She behaves (towards me) more like a friend than a mother. 她像朋友一样（待我）, 而不像是我的母亲.
It’s hard to train children to behave well at the table. 培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的。
（2）作动词，意为“（机器等）开动，运转”。例如：
How is the new machine behaving 新机器运行地怎么样
【拓展】
（1）behavior作名词，意为“行为，举止；态度”。例如：
He was on his best behavior. 他表现极好。
（2）behavior作名词，意为“（机器等的）运转状态，性能”。例如：
The aircraft’s behavior was satisfactory on its first test flight. 那架飞机在第一次试飞时运转情况令人满意。
【典例】When you are __________, you should know how to behave __________.
A．at the table; politely B．at table; polite C．at table; politely D．at tables; polite
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当你在吃饭时，你应该知道如何礼貌地举止。
at the table 意为“在桌子旁边”；at table意为“在吃饭”，符合句意；at tables表达错误；故排除A、D。behave表现，动词，应用副词修饰；polite礼貌的，形容词；politely彬彬有礼地，副词，故排除B。故选C。
考法08 suggestion的用法
（1）suggestion 作可数名词，表示“建议；提议”。例如：
He has given me a helpful suggestion. 他给我提了一项有益的建议
（2）suggestion 作不可数名词，表示“联想；暗示”。例如：
The power of suggestion is very strong.暗示的力量是无比强大的。
【拓展】
suggestion 的动词形式是suggest ，意为“建议”，有以下用法：
（1）可接名词做宾语。例如：
We suggested a visit to the museum the next day.我们建议明天去参观博物馆。
（2）可接动名词做宾语。例如：
I suggested putting off the sports meet.我建议将运动会延期。
They suggested waiting until the proper time.他们建议(我们)等到恰当的时机才行动。
（3）可接that宾语从句，that从句用should+动词原形，should可以省略。例如：
She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
We suggested that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher.我们建议他去向老师道歉。
【典例】Mr. Liu always gives me ________ on how to learn English.
A．an advice B．many advices C．some suggestion D．some advice
【答案】D
【详解】句意：刘老师总是给我一些关于如何学习英语的建议。考查名词辨析。suggestion建议，可数名词，可排除C选项；advice建议，不可数名词，可排除AB选项。故选D。
Unit11
考法01 辨析：sleepy， asleep与sleeping
sleepy形容词，意为“困倦的；睦睡的”，在句中作宾语补足语。sleepy在句中还
可作定语或表语。
例：a sleepy child一个打瞌睡的孩子
I was too sleepy to hear the end of her report.
我太困了，没有听她的报告的结尾。
辨析：sleepy， asleep与sleeping
sleepy 形容词，在句中作表语、宾语补足语或定语，修饰人时，表示“睦睡的；困倦的"；修饰地方时，表示“冷清的；安静的”
asleep 形容词， 意为“睡着的"， 在句中作表语或宾语补足语， be asleep表示“睡着”的状态， 如果表示“入睡“要用fall sleep或go to sleep. 常用fast/sound修饰asleep，意为“熟睡的”
sleeping 是动词sleep的现在分词， 既可作定语， 又可作表语， 也可作动名词
例：felt sleepy all day. 我整天都犯困。
He was fast asleep. 他睡得很熟，
Let sleeping dogs lie. 别惹是生非(别自找麻烦) .
【典例】I didn’t have a good ________ last night, so I was so ________ that I fell ________ in class.
A．sleep; asleep; sleepy B．sleepy; sleep; asleep C．sleep; sleepy; asleep
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我昨晚没睡好，所以我很困，以至于在课堂上睡着了。考查词义辨析。sleep睡觉，动词或名词；sleepy困倦的，形容词；asleep入睡的，形容词。a后面应接名词，故第一空填sleep，排除B选项。根据“so I was so …that I fell …in class”可知，太困了以至于睡着了，故第二空填sleepy。fall asleep“入睡”，故选C。
考法02 辨析lately、recently 和late
lately副词，意为“最近； 不久前"，常用于完成时的句子中，同义词为recently.
例：What have you been doing lately 你最近在做什么
辨析：lately、recently 、late
lately “最近"，用来指一段时间，常用于现在完成进行时
recently “最近”，既可用来指一段时间，也可指某一时刻
late 意为“晚； 迟
例：Just lately/recently l have been wondering whether to look for a new job
就是最近我一直在考虑要不要找一份新工作。
Just recently l decided to look for a new job. 就是最近我决定找一份新工作。
Have you seen them lately 你最近见到过他们吗
Jenny didn't come late to school the next morning.詹妮第二天早辰上学没迟到。
【典例】—The driver arrived ________ and brought us a lot of trouble.
—I’m sorry to hear that. I will send his company a complaint letter ________.
A．lately; later B．later; late C．late; lately D．late; later
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——司机来晚了，给我们带来了很多麻烦。——听到这个消息我很难过。稍后我会给他的公司发一封投诉信。考查副词辨析。lately最近；later稍后；late晚地。根据“The driver arrived … and brought us a lot of trouble”可知，第一空表示司机来晚了，故第一空填late。根据“I will send his company a complaint letter”可知，这是一个一般将来时结构的句子，第二空应填later作时间状语，故选D。
考法03 辨析neither...nor...；both…and…；either…or…
neither...nor...是固定结构，意为“既不……也不……”，表示两者都否定。例如：
It's neither cold nor hot. 天气既不冷也不热。
He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事既不知道也不关心。
辨析：neither...nor...；both…and…；either…or…
这三个词组都可用作连词，但搭配和意义各不相同。总的说来，要注意它们应连接两个平行对等的句子成分(即同为两个主语、谓语、宾语、状语等)。
（1）both…and…表示两者兼有。例如：
She was both tired and hungry. 她又累又饿。
He speaks both English and French. 他既说英语又说法语。
（2）either…or…表示两者或两种可能性中任择其一。例如：
He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了就是醉了。
You can either write or phone to request a copy. 你可以写信可打电话来索取一本。
【注意】以上连词连接主语时，both…and…一般只与复数谓语连用，either…or…和 neither…nor…则通常根据就近原则，要求谓语动词与最邻近主语的人称、数保持一致。例如：
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错就是我错。
Neither he nor she was at home. 他和她都不在家。
Both New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
【典例】 —I’ve just checked at the booking office. ________ The Spy 007 ________ ET are on at the Palace Cinema. Which one would you like to see
—_________ is fine. We can watch ________ one next week.
A．Both, and, Both, other B．Either, or, Both, another
C．Neither, nor, Either, the other D．Both, and, Either, the other
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我刚在售票处查过。《间谍007》和《ET》都在宫殿电影院上映。你想看哪一个？——两者都可以。下周我们可以看另一部。考查代词。both...and...两者都……；either...or...或者……或者……，两者之一；other其他的，后接复数名词；another另一个，指不确定数目的另一个；the other两者中的另一个；根据第一句中的“are”可知，此处应该是both...and的结构，结合“is fine”可知，回答应该是“两者随便哪个都可以”，应用either；而最后一空指的是“两者中的另一个”，应用the other的结构，故选D。
考法04 辨析feel like; would like与want
feel like; would like与want的辨析：
三者都可表示“想要做某事”。其用法分别如下：
（1）feel like后接名词、代词或动名词，构成feel like doing sth.。例如：
I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。
（2）would like后接名词、代词或不定式。构成would like to do sth.。例如：
What would you like to do now 你现在想做什么？
（3）want后可接名词或不定式，构成want to do sth.。例如：
Do you want to join us 你想加入到我们中吗？
【典例】—Would you like ________ shopping with me
—Sorry, I feel like ________ the book at home.
A．to go; read B．to go; reading C．going; to read D．going; reading
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你愿意和我一起去购物吗？——对不起，我想在家看书。考查非谓语动词。固定短语would like to do sth“想要做某事”；固定短语feel like doing sth“想要做某事”，故选B。
考法05 worry用法
（1）worry可用作不及物动词或及物动词。作及物动词时，意为“使烦恼，使担忧”。作不及物动词时，意为“发愁，担心，烦恼”，常与介词about连用。例如：
What’s worrying you 什么事使你烦恼？
Don’t worry about me. 不要为我担心。
（2）worry也可用作名词。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。例如：
Her face showed signs of worry. 她脸上显出担忧的神情。
I have a lot of worries. 我有很多担心。
（3）worry的过去分词worried相当于形容词，意为“担心的，烦恼的”，常与be/look/feel等系动词连用。be worried about意为“为……担心”。例如：
She is worried about her sick mother. 她担心她生病的母亲。
【典例】— The final exam is coming. I’m still ________ about my English.
— Don’t ________ about that. You should take it easy.
A．worry; worried B．worried; worry C．worry; worrying D．worried; worried
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——期末考试快到了。我仍然担心我的英语。——别担心。你应该放轻松。
考查形容词短语和动词短语。固定短语be worried about和worry about都表示“担心……”，故选B。
考法06 辨析：how often, how soon与how long
（1）how long意为“多长时间”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。例如：
How long do you watch TV 你看电视多长时间了？
How long can I keep the book 这本书我可以借多久？
（2）how long还可用来询问长度。例如：
How long is the river 这条河多长？
【拓展】辨析：how often, how soon与how long
词语 词义 用法 答语特征
how often 多久一次 询问动作的频率 often, twice a week等
how soon 多快，过多久 询问时间多快 in+ 一段时间
how long 多久；多长 询问时间多久；询问长度 for/about+一段时间；具体数字+长度单位
【典例】_____ do you write to your friends and _______ will you write to them again
A．How soon；how long B．How often；how many time
C．How often；how soon D．How far；how long
【答案】C
【详解】句意：你多久给你的朋友写一次信？过多长时间会再写一次？
考查特殊疑问句。1.how often多久一次，问频率；2.how long多长（问时间长度和物体的长度），询问做某事做了多长时间，一般用于现在完成时，常用“for+一段时间”或“since+时间点”回答；3.how far多远（问路程距离）；4.how soon（从现在起再过）多久，多长时间（后接一般将来时，用“in+一段时间回答”，表示将来）；5.how many times多少次。第一空处表示频率，译为“多久写一次信”，第二空后为一般将来时，用how soon，译为“要过多长时间做某事”，故选C。
考法07 down相关词组
let sb down 不能帮助；不能支持(某人)；使失望；放下；降低
let sb down =make sb frustrated 使……失望或沮丧
He let his wife down when he failed to obtain promotion. 他没有得到提升，令他妻子失望。
down短语：
go down下降，降低，被载入，传下去 take down记下，写下
write down写下，记下 put down记下，放下，镇压，平定
turn down (把音量)调低 walk down... 沿着……走
look down upon 看不起 up and down上上下下
die down渐渐消失，平息
【典例】—Sally, I don’t want to go to Tony’s party. But I don’t know how to________.
—Don’t worry. Let me help you.
A．put him down B．turn him down C．pull him down D．write him down
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——莎莉，我不想去托尼的派对。但我不知道如何拒绝他。——别担心。我来帮你。
考查动词短语。put down放下；turn down拒绝；pull down拆毁；write down写下。根据“I don’t want to go to Tony's party. But I don’t know how to...”可知此处是指拒绝，故选B。
考法08 辨析：hear sb.doing sth.与hear sb.do sth
hear sb.doing sth.表示“听见某人正在做某事"
例：I heard them laughing when passed his house.
我经过他的房子时听到他们在笑。
辨析：hear sb.doing sth.与hear sb.do sth
hear sb.doing sth 意为"听到某人正在做某事"，是听到正在进行的动作，而不是整个过程
hear sb.do sth. 意为“听到某人做某事”，是听到做的整个过程，或听到经常这样做，变为被动语态时，要把动词不定式符号to添上
例：I heard her singing in the room at that time. 那时我听到她正在房间里唱歌.
We often hear her sing this song. 我们经常听到她唱这首歌
She is often heard to sing this song. 她经常被听到唱这首歌。
【典例】— Listen! Who is singing in the front of the yard
— I guess it is Sally. I often hear her ________ there.
A．singing B．sings C．to sing D．sing
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——听！谁正在院子前面唱歌？——我猜是莎莉。我经常听到她在那里唱歌。
考查非谓语动词。根据关键词often可知，此处应用hear sb. do sth.结构，意为“（经常性地）听见某人做某事”。故选D。
考法09 辨析：other / the other / others / another
other / the other / others / another的区别：
（1）other为形容词“别的，其他的”。作代词用时前面可加the / any /some等或用作复数。例如：
He is taller than any other brothers. 他比其他几个兄弟都高。
（2）the other意为“另一个人，另一个东西”，指两者中另外的一个。例如：
I have two books. One is an English book, the other is a Chinese book.
我有两本书，一本是英语书，另一本是中文书。
（3）others意为“其他的人或物”，作代词用。例如：
You should think of others. 你应该想想别人。
（4）another作形容词，意为“另外的，别的”，只可修饰单数名词；作代词，意为“另一个，再一个”，指三者或三者以上中的任何一个。例如：
Here comes another bus. 又来了一辆公共汽车。
【典例】---I have two postcards. One is for Tom and _____ is for Jim.
---Why not buy ______ one for Jack
A．the other; other B．another; the other C．the other; another
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我有两张明信片，一张是给汤姆的，另一张是给吉姆的。——为什么不给杰克再买一张呢？考查不定代词。第一个空，根据“我有两张明信片”，可知是一张给汤姆，另一张给吉姆，one…the other…“一个…另一个…”；第二个空，根据Why not buy ____ one for Jack 可知句意为“为什么不给杰克再买一张呢？” another“再一个、另一个”，指三者或三者以上的“另一个”，符合题意；故答案选C。
Unit12
考法01 辨析forget和leave
（1）forget：忘记、遗忘；后面不能+地点侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟to do(忘了要去做)或doing(忘了做过)。forget指由于记忆上的忽略而忘记了某人或某事物。后面可以接名词、不定式to do、动名词-ing形式，不能同表示地点的词语连用。
I forgot my bag.我遗忘了我的包。
（2）leave：放下；丢下；留下，后面要+“某地或者某人”侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语；
英文解释：If you leave something or someone in a particular place, you let them remain there when you go away. If you leave something or someone with a person, you let them remain with that person so they are safe while you are away.--如果你把某物或某人留在某地，意思是当你离开时，让他们留在那里。如果你把某物或某人留给某人，你让他们留在那个人身边，这样当你不在的时候，他们会很安全。
根据英文解释，leave的确切翻译应该是：丢下、留下的意思，后面要跟“某地或者某人”。
She left her bag in the bus.--她把包丢在公交车上了。
【典例】—Please give the book back to me.
— Oh, I am sorry. I ______ to bring it here. I ______ it at home.
A．forget, forget B．forgot, left
C．forgotten, forget D．will forget, leave
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——请把书还给我。——哦，对不起。我忘了把它带到这里。我把它忘在家里了。本题考查一般过去时。第一空，根据forget后接动名词表示忘记做过的某事，接不定式是忘记去做某事，结合语境可知上文描述的是刚才发生的动作，故从句谓语动词用过去时态，此空应填过去式，此空故填forgot；第二空，句意我把它忘在家里了。要用过去式，此空故填left，故选B。
考法02 go相关词组
go off意为“(闹钟等) 响”，也可以表示“(食物) 变坏、变质； (灯) 熄灭； (水、电)断掉；(质量)下降"。
例：My alarm clock goes off at six every morning. 我的闹钟每天早晨6点响，
Milk goes off quickly in hot weather. 牛奶在热天很快就变质.
The goods sold at this shop have gone off. 这个商店出售的货物的质量下降了
【go的习惯搭配】
go back返回 go by经过
go out出去 go around四处走动
go home回家 go away走开，离开
go shopping去购物 go on继续
【典例】For our safety, we are taught that once the smoke alarm ________, we should calm down and leave the building in order.
A．puts off B．goes off C．cuts off D．shuts off
【答案】B
【详解】句意：为了我们的安全，我们被教导一旦烟雾警报响起，我们应该冷静下来，有序地离开大楼。
考查动词短语。puts off推迟；goes off（警报器）响；cuts off切断；shuts off关掉。根据“smoke alarm”可知，此处指烟雾警报器“响”起，故选B。
考法03 辨析be about to do与be going to do
(1)辨析be about to do与be going to do
① be about to do表示马上就要发生的事，可与when引导的时间状语从句连用。
We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。
He was about to go out when the doorbell rang. 她刚要出去，这时门铃响了。
注意：be about to do不可和tomorrow等表示将来的副词连用。
② be going to do表示某人打算要做某事或根据迹象要发生某事。
I am going to travel tomorrow. 我打算明天去旅行。
It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
【典例】I was just about to have lunch ________ somebody called me.
A．until B．when C．before D．while
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我正要吃午饭，突然有人打电话给我。
考查连词辨析。until直到……； when 当……时候；before 在……之前；while当……时候；根据语境可知此处指“正要吃午饭时，突然有人打电话”，排除语义不符的选项A和C；while强调主从句的动词同时发生，主从句的动作都是延续性动词，排除D；故选B。
考法04 above的用法及辨析
above的用法：
(1)prep.(表示位置)在……正上方；高于(与below相对)
The moon is now above the trees. 月亮正位于树梢上。
(2)prep. 表示在地位、级别、能力、资历、重要性等方面＂超过＂
He is above me in every way. 他各个方面都比我强。
(3)adv. 在上面；(级别、数目等)更高；更大；更多；在上文
See the examples given above. 见上述例子。
辨析：above， on与over
above “在......上面"， 表示两者不接触， 也不垂直， 与below(在...... 下面)相对
on “在......上面"， 指两者表面接触， 与beneath(在......下面) 相对
over “在......正上方"，表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指“笼罩/覆盖 在上面"， 与under(在...正下方) 相对
例：There is a plane above the tree. 树上方有一架飞机。
There is a box on the table. 桌上有个盒子，
There is bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。
【典例】The temperature today is _______ 30℃. It’s really hot for April.
A．above B．under C．behind D．in
【答案】A
【详解】句意：今天的温度在30摄氏度以上。这对于四月来说份真的很热。
考查介词辨析。above在……以上，可指温度；under在……下面； behind在……后面； in在……里面。根据“It’s really hot for April.”可知，此处是温度在30℃以上。故选A。
考法05 alive的用法
alive形容词，意为“活着；有生气的”.通常用在连系动词be等之后作表语， 有时也用在名词之后作后置定语，但不能用在名词之前作前置定语.
辨析：alive， live， living与lively
alive 意为“活着；有生气的"，侧重生与死之间的界线，可以作后置定语 和表语，不能作前置定语。多修饰人，也可修饰物
live 意为“活生生的"，通常只作前置定语，且一般用来修饰物
living 意为“活着的“，强调尚在人间、健在，作前置定语或表语。多修饰物，也可修饰人
lively 意为“生动的；活泼的"，通常用来描述人及其行为或活动，可以作 定语或表语
例：His grandparents are still alive. 他的(外) 祖父母都还健在。
This is live fish. 这是一条活鱼。
All living things need water. 一切生物都需要水。
【典例】We humans, animals and plants are all ________ things. Air and water keep us ________.
A．living; alive B．alive; living C．living; living D．alive; alive
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们人类、动物和植物都是生物。空气和水让我们活着。
考查形容词辨析。living活着的；alive活着的，不能作定语。空格一处作定语，不能用alive，living things意为“生物”，排除BD；keep us alive意为“让我们活着”，形容词作宾语补足语，living则无此用法。故选A。
考法06 fool的用法及辨析
①fool用作可数名词，意为“蠢人；傻瓜”，复数形式为fools，常用短语：make fool of...意为“取笑......，捉弄......".
例：I felt such a fool when I realized my mistake.
当我意识到自己的错误时，我才感觉自己真是一个傻瓜。
Are you trying to make fool of me 你想患弄我吗
②fool用作动词，意为“愚弄，欺哄"。
例：Don't be fooled by the salesman. 不要被这个推销员欺骗了。
知识拓属
fool的形容词为foolish，意为“患蠢的，荒谬的"。
例：I was foolish enough to believe what he said.
我太愚蠢了，竟然相信他说的话，
辨析：foolish， silly与stupid
foolish “蠢"， 着重指缺乏智慧或判断力
silly “傻"， 着重指头脑简单、不懂事， 有单纯糊涂的意味
stupid “笨"， 着重指生理迟钝， 反应迟钝
例：She was foolish enough to trust him. 她蠢到竟然相信他。
I feel silly in this dress. 穿这件衣服让我显得呆头呆脑。
How could you be so stupid 你怎么这么笨
【典例】— The story “Yan Er Dao Ling” is about a thief, right
— Oh, yes. The thief was foolish and he covered his ears to steal (偷) the bell.
A．not brave B．not right C．not clever
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——故事《掩耳盗铃》讲的是关于一个小偷，对吗？——哦，是的。那个小偷是愚蠢的并且他捂上自己的耳朵盗铃。考查形容词辨析。brave勇敢的；right正确的；clever聪明的。句中划线单词foolish“愚蠢的”，即不聪明的。故选C。
考法07 costume的用法及辨析
costume名词，意为“服装；装束".指特定场合穿的衣服，如化装舞会时穿的服装、表演戏剧时穿的戏服或某一时代或某地特有的装束。
例：He went to the party in giant chicken costume.他是打扮成一只大鸡去参加聚会的。
辨析： costume， cloth， clothing与dress
costume 名词，意为“服装；装束".当指”戏装，化装服时，是可数名词
clothes 是最常用词，统指身上的各种服装，包括上衣、裤子、内衣等，是复数名词， 可与many， few等词连用，但不能直接与数词连用， “一套衣服”要说a suit of clothes
clothing 是物质名词，是服装的总称，除衣裤外还包括帽子、鞋袜等，没有复数形式，“一件衣服”要说an article of clothing
dress 范围较小，作可数名词时，指一件女服、连衣裙；作不可数名词时，指某种特殊衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的衣服
例：The girl designed costumes for a famous singe. 这个女孩儿为一位有名的歌手设计服装。
The clothes in this shop are very beautiful. 这家商店的衣服非常漂亮。
We have to put on warm clothing in winter. 冬天我们不得不穿上暖和的衣服。
She wears a beautiful evening dress. 她穿着一件漂亮的晚礼服。
【典例】There is a big ________ shop near my home and I often buy ________ there.
A．clothing; clothes B．clothes; clothing
C．clothing; cloth D．clothes; cloth
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我家附近有一家大的服装店，我经常在那里买衣服。
考查名词辨析。clothing是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，它是一个集合名词；clothes一般指各种人们穿的衣服，如衬衫、外套、裤子和连衣裙等；cloth表示“布”、“衣料”，是不可数名词。由第一个空后的shop 可知，此处是指服装店，因此用clothing shop；第二个空指服装店里的具体的服装，因此用clothes。故选A。
考法08 run away的用法及辨析
Run away from意为“从......逃脱；回避；逃避"；run away意为“逃跑；逃脱”.
例：It's best not to runaway from your problems. 最好不要逃避你的问题。
The teenager ran away after being punished.
那个青少年受到惩罚之后就逃跑了。
[习惯搭配】
in the long/short run从长期/短期看 run across偶然碰见
run after追赶；追捕；跟踪 run into撞上；遇到
run for竞选 run out of用尽； 用完
【典例】When the policemen walked ________ the house, the thief (小偷) wanted to run ________.
A．into; away B．into; along C．onto; off D．onto; away
【答案】A
【详解】句意：当警察走进这个房子时，这个小偷想逃跑。考查动词短语。walk into为固定搭配，意为“走进”；run away为固定搭配，意为“逃跑”。故选A。
强化训练
一、单项选择
1．—Could you give me some advice on how to use my time
—First of all, you ________ to spend more time studying.
A．supposed B．were supposed C．are supposing D．are supposed
2．—What did the workers do when they saw the materials on fire
—They ________ the gas and electricity at once.
A．shut off B．took off C．put off D．got off
3．—What kind of movies do you like
—I like the movies ________ are about Chinese history.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．that
4．Don’t sit there daydreaming. Nobody can succeed without ______.
A．effort B．patience C．attention D．praise
5．—_________ go to see the movie Home Coming with me tonight
—Good idea!
A．Let’s B．Why don’t C．Would you like D．Why not
6．My alarm clock didn’t ________. There must be something wrong with it.
A．go off B．take off C．put off D．set off
7．—What do you often do in your ________ time, Mike
—I often play soccer with my friends.
A．full B．empty C．spare D．busy
8．— ________ attend the folk concert tonight, Judy
— I’d love to, but I’m busy preparing for the exam!
A．Why not you B．Shall we C．What about D．Would you like
9．—To have a bright future. We should ________ study hard ________ keep in good health.
—Yes, I agree with you.
A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor D．not; but
10．My grandpa takes a lot of exercise every day and he is always full of ________.
A．energy B．courage C．knowledge D．message
11．Frank doesn’t have the ________ to try new things because he doesn’t want to take risks.
A．relief B．fault C．goal D．courage
12．Our parents always make us _____ at home. Besides, we are often made _____ housework.
A．to stay; to do B．stay; to do C．stay; do D．to stay; do
13．—It’s ________ the working hour. I’m afraid you have to come next time.
—OK. See you tomorrow.
A．against B．above C．over D．beyond
14．The young men all shouted “Happy New Year” ________ it was twelve o’clock.
A．after B．as soon as C．if D．until
15．—Cindy looks down these days.
—She lost her watch that is ________ to her.
A．uncomfortable B．valuable C．available D．believable
二、完形填空
先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
Dragons are not real animals, but they look like a mix of many animals such as snakes, fish and tigers in Chinese culture. They have two horns (角) and a long 16 . With fantastic powers, they can 17 in the sky or swim in the sea. They can make rain, too.
The Chinese dragon is a symbol of 18 and good luck. The kings of ancient China 19 dragons. Their clothes were covered with 20 of dragons. Today we are 21 to call ourselves the “descendants (后代) of the dragon”. In China, excellent people are often called “dragons”. A number of Chinese sayings talk about dragons, such as “Hope one’s child will become a dragon”, which means that 22 hopes the child will be successful.
It is 23 that people born in the Year of the Dragon have certain characters. They are creative, active, and brave, but they become angry 24 . There are some famous “dragons” who have done excellent things and are very 25 .
There are also some traditional 26 about dragons in China, such as the Dragon Head-raising Day and the Dragon Boat Festival, which are 27 in different ways. These two festivals come every year, 28 the Year of the Dragon comes every twelve years.
The dragon is one of the most important elements in Chinese culture. Someone 29 is interested in Chinese culture may study it and thus have a better understanding of Chinese culture. We are the “descendants of the dragon”, and it’s our duty to work together to 30 our traditional culture on to more and more people.
16．A．face B．hair C．body D．arm
17．A．cry B．fly C．jump D．eat
18．A．contribution B．job C．power D．treasure
19．A．touched B．laughed C．hated D．loved
20．A．smell B．pictures C．taste D．appearances
21．A．amazed B．proud C．shy D．interested
22．A．someone B．anybody C．something D．anything
23．A．studied B．shocked C．said D．suggested
24．A．completely B．hardlly C．gladly D．easily
25．A．natural B．successful C．strange D．impolite
26．A．messages B．information C．festivals D．service
27．A．celebrated B．promised C．decided D．offered
28．A．until B．while C．unless D．before
29．A．where B．what C．which D．who
30．A．choose B．pick C．pass D．save
三、阅读理解
A
In many countries around the world, May 1st is a holiday which is called Labor Day or Workers’ Day. It is an interesting holiday that honors working people and their jobs. But do you know how it started
During the late 1880s, in many parts of the world, people worked for fourteen to sixteen hours a day in factories, but made very little money. Later, in the United States and Canada, working people got together to set up unions（工会）. The union leaders asked factory bosses for shorter working time and higher salaries（工资）, but many of the bosses ________.
On May 1st, 1886, men and women in the United States and Canada stopped working and went onto the streets. They walked through cities and towns to force bosses to let them work eight hours a day. In the city of Chicago, several people died in fighting with the police. Over the next few years, people in cities around the world stopped working on May 1st to honor workers everywhere. By the early twentieth century, the first of May became a national holiday in many countries.
However, in the United States and Canada, May 1st is not a holiday. North Americans celebrate Labor Day on the first Monday in September. Today in the United States, Labor Day is mostly about having fun. People enjoy a long weekend and often celebrate it by having picnics with friends or family. In many parts of the United States, Labor Day is also the last day of summer vacation, and students return to school the next day.
31．How long did people work a day in factories in the late 1880s
A．For 8-10 hours. B．For 10-12 hours. C．For 12-14 hours. D．For 14-16 hours.
32．Which can be the best for ________
A．refused their ideas B．accepted their ideas C．agreed with them D．understood them
33．What does the underlined word “force” mean
A．感激 B．迫使 C．宣扬 D．欣赏
34．Which is the right order（顺序）of the following events
①Working people began to fight for better life.
②People stopped working on May 1st to honor workers.
③Working people set up unions.
A．①②③ B．②①③ C．③②① D．③①②
35．How do people often celebrate Labor Day in America nowadays
A．By working all day. B．By giving gifts to working people.
C．By having picnics with friends or family. D．By having a big ceremony.
B
Shangsi Festival is an ancient Chinese festival celebrated on the third day of the third lunar month(阴历月).
In 2018, the Communist Youth League’s Central Committee set the day as China Huafu Day. It’s a way to show the beauty of traditional Chinese clothes. It was first celebrated on April 18 that year in Xi’an, Shaanxi. Since then, the Chinese people have celebrated it once a year.
There are many stories about Shangsi Festival’s origin. Some say it comes from a dinner party along the Qushui River during the Zhou Dynasty (周朝). Others say it comes from the tradition of washing the whole body in rivers to take away bad luck.
Shangsi Festival activities have changed as time goes by. Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty described that people wrote poems while drinking along the river on the day in his Lanting Xu. In the Tang Dynasty, people enjoyed drinks and did some sightseeing. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the festival developed into a spring trip with lively activities like listening to music.
Five-coloured sticky rice and painted eggs are traditional food during the festival. People believe rice is good for health and painted eggs are symbol of love.
It’s a pity that because Shangsi Festival is so close to Qingming Festival, few young people today know about it.
36．How many times have the Chinese people celebrated China Huafu Day
A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times.
37．The underlined word origin means “ ________ ” in Chinese.
A．发展 B．起源 C．习俗 D．消失
38．What activity did Wang Xizhi describe in his Lanting Xu
A．Planting some trees.
B．Cleaning the houses.
C．Washing the whole body in rivers.
D．Writing poems while drinking along the river.
39．What is the fifth paragraph mainly about
A．Meanings of Shangsi Festival.
B．Activities of Shangsi Festival.
C．Traditional Shangsi Festival food.
D．Traditional Shangsi Festival clothes.
40．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage
A．To tell us about a traditional festival.
B．To show us how he spends Shangsi Festival.
C．To advise us to pay attention to traditional festivals.
D．To encourage us to take part in traditional festival activities.
四、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Chongyang Festival is a traditional Chinese festival for the elders. It 41 （celebrate）on the ninth day of the ninth lunar（农历的）month. So it is also called Double Ninth Festival.
The Double Ninth Festival is celebrated by caring for 42 elderly, eating special food to drive away danger, and 43 （enjoy）outdoor sports. The most well-known traditions are climbing mountains, hiking, eating Chongyang cakes, admiring chrysanthemums（赏菊）and wearing cornel（茱萸）. Here is something about the 44 （activity）of the Double Ninth Festival.
People started to climb mountains to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival in ancient times. So some people call the festival Mountain Climbing Festival. There are no rules about how high people should climb. Some people climb hills and some climb high towers 45 this special day.
Like the rice cake for the Chinese New Year, the Chongyang cake is a traditional food 46 （eat）during the festival. The traditional Chongyang cake should 47 （make）into nine layers（层）, like a tower. These days, all of the soft cakes eaten to celebrate the Chongyang Festival are called Chongyang cakes.
In ancient times, people would wear cornel on the arm and head. It is believed that 48 （wear）cornel could avoid bad things. Today, some people still decorate（装饰）their houses with cornel at the Chongyang Festival and Dragon Boat Festival.
The Double Ninth Festival is in autumn every year. At that time, there are many kinds of chrysanthemums, and people have 49 （love）them since ancient times. So admiring chrysanthemums（赏菊） 50 drinking chrysanthemum tea are naturally popular at the Double Ninth Festival.
参考答案：
1．D
【详解】句意：——你能给我一些如何利用时间的建议吗？——首先，你应该花更多的时间学习。
考查时态和短语。suppose“推断，料想”，动词；be supposed to do“应该做某事”；根据“you ... to spend more time studying.”可知，此处指你应该花更多的时间在学习上；再根据“Could”表示委婉语气可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为“you”，be动词用are。故选D。
2．A
【详解】句意：——工人们看到材料着火了怎么办？——他们立刻关闭了煤气和电源。
考查动词短语。shut off关闭；took off起飞；put off推迟；got off下车。根据“What did the workers do when they saw the materials on fire ”可知，看到材料着火，应是关闭煤气和电源。故选A。
3．D
【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我喜欢讲中国历史的电影。
考查定语从句关系代词辨析。who先行词为人，在从句中作主语、宾语；whom先行词为人，在从句子作宾语；whose先行词为人，在从句中作定语；that先行词为人或事物，在从句中作主语、宾语。根据“I like the movies...are about Chinese history.”可知，“movies”为定语从句的先行词，此处为事物，在从句中作主语，that“先行词为人或事物，在从句中作主语、宾语”符合语境。故选D。
4．A
【详解】句意：不要坐在那里做白日梦。没有人不努力就能成功。
考查名词辨析。effort努力；patience耐心；attention注意力；praise赞扬。根据“Don’t sit there daydreaming.”及“Nobody can succeed”可知，应是：没有人不努力就能成功。故选A。
5．D
【详解】句意：——为什么不和我一起去看电影《万里归途》呢？——好主意。
考查情景交际。Let’s让我们……，后面加动词原形，属于祈使句，是陈述句的一种；Why don’t为什么不，后面需要加主语；Would you like你想要……，后面加to do，引导一般疑问句；Why not为什么不……呢，后面加动词原形。句子是疑问句，且空后为动词原形go，应用why not，故选D。
6．A
【详解】句意：我的闹钟没有响。一定是出了什么问题。
考查动词短语辨析。go off 发出响声；take off 脱下；put off 推迟；set off 出发。由“There must be something wrong with it.”可知，闹钟坏了，不能发出响声。故选A。
7．C
【详解】句意：——在你的空闲时间你经常做什么，麦克？——我经常和朋友踢足球。
考查形容词辨析。full满的；empty空的；spare空闲的；busy繁忙的。根据“I often play soccer with my friends.”可知应是在空闲时间踢足球。故选C。
8．B
【详解】句意：——朱迪，我们今晚去听民间音乐会好吗？——我很想去，但是我正忙着准备考试呢！
考查提建议的句型。Why not do sth. 为什么不做某事呢；Shall we do sth. 我们去做某事好吗？；What about doing sth. 做某事怎么样？；Would you like to do sth. 你做某事好吗？根据“…attend the folk concert tonight, Judy ”可知，此处后为动词原形，用shall。故选B。
9．A
【详解】句意：——为了有一个光明的未来。我们既要努力学习，又要保持身体健康。——是的，我赞同你的观点。
考查连词辨析。both ... and既……又……；either ... or要么……要么……；neither ... nor既不……也不……；not ... but不是……而是……。根据“a bright future”可知，一个光明的未来既需要努力学习，又需要保持身体健康。故选A。
10．A
【详解】句意：我爷爷每天做很多运动，他总是精力充沛。
考查名词辨析。energy能量、活力；courage勇气；knowledge知识；message信息。根据“My grandpa takes a lot of exercise every day”可知，每天做很多运动，所以是精力充沛，故选A。
11．D
【详解】句意：弗兰克没有勇气尝试新事物，因为他不想冒险。
考查名词辨析。relief宽慰；fault故障；goal目标；courage勇气。根据语境可知，弗兰克不想冒险，可推测此处是弗兰克没有勇气尝试，courage“勇气”，名词，符合语境。故选D。
12．B
【详解】句意：我们的父母总是让我们待在家里。此外，我们经常被迫做家务。
考查动词用法。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，变成被动语态即sb. be made to do sth.“被迫做某事”时，不定式符号to要还原，所以第一空填动词原形stay作宾补，第二空填to do作主补。故选B。
13．D
【详解】句意：——已经超过工作时间了。恐怕你下次必须来。——好的。明天见。
考查介词辨析。against反对；above在……上面；over多于；beyond超过。根据语境可知，下次你必须来，可推测此处是已经超过工作时间了，介词beyond“超过”符合语境。故选D。
14．B
【详解】句意：十二点钟一到，年轻人都喊着“新年快乐”。
考查状语从句连词。after在……之后，引导时间状语从句；as soon as一……就……，引导时间状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；until直到，引导时间状语从句。根据“The young men all shouted ‘Happy New Year’”及“it was twelve o’clock”可知，空后的句子应是时间状语从句，且空处表示的是“一……就……”，故选B。
15．B
【详解】句意：——辛迪这几天看起来很沮丧。——她丢失了对她来说很珍贵的手表。
考查形容词辨析。uncomfortable不舒服的；valuable珍贵的；available可获得的；believable可信的。由“looks down”可推断，辛迪沮丧的原因是丢失的手表对她来说是“珍贵的”。故选B。
16．C 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．B 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了龙在中国文化中的意义以及中国与龙有关的节日。
16． 句意：它们有两个角和一个长身体。
face脸；hair头发；body身体；arm胳膊。根据“They have two horns and a long”以及常识可知，龙有长身体。故选C。
17．句意：它们拥有神奇的力量，可以在天空中飞行，也可以在海里游泳。
cry哭；fly飞；jump跳；eat吃。根据“in the sky”可知，是在空中飞。故选B。
18．句意：中国龙是力量和好运的象征。
contribution贡献；job工作；power力量；treasure珍宝。根据“With fantastic powers”可知它们力量很大，是力量的象征。故选C。
19．句意：中国古代的国王喜欢龙。
touched触摸；laughed笑；hated讨厌；loved爱。根据“The king of ancient China...dragons”可知，古代国王喜欢龙。故选D。
20．句意：他们的衣服上经常满是龙的图案。
smell闻；picture图片；taste味道；appearances外表。根据“Their clothes are often covered with”可知，衣服上有龙的图案。故选B。
21． 句意：今天，我们自豪地称自己为“龙的传人”。
amazed吃惊的；proud骄傲的；shy害羞的；interested感兴趣的。根据“to call ourselves the ‘descendants of the dragon’”可知，我们是龙的传人，我们很自豪。故选B。
22．句意：许多中国谚语都谈到龙，比如“望子成龙”，意思是有人希望孩子成功。
someone某人；anybody任何人；something一些事情；anything任何事情。根据“...hopes the child will be successful.”可知，此处指有人希望孩子成功，用someone。故选A。
23． 句意：据说龙年出生的人都有某些性格。
studied学习；shocked震惊；said说；suggested建议。根据“It is...that people born in the Year of the Dragon have certain characters.”可知，此处指据说龙年出生的人都有特点的性格，it is said that“据说”。故选C。
24．句意：他们有创造力，积极，勇敢，但他们很容易生气。
completely完全地；hardly几乎不；gladly高兴地；easily容易地。根据“They are creative, active, and brave, but they become angry...”可知，前后句为转折关系，前文指龙年出生的人的好的性格，后文指不好的性格，转折词后表示龙年出生的人很容易生气。故选D。
25．句意：有一些著名的“龙”，他们做了出色的事情，非常成功。
natural自然的；successful成功的；strange奇怪的；impolite不礼貌的。根据“who have done excellent things and are very”可知，做了出色的事情，是很成功的。故选B。
26．句意：中国也有一些关于龙的传统节日，如龙抬头节和端午节，它们以不同的方式庆祝。
messages信息；information信息；festival节日；service服务。根据“such as the Dragon Head-Raising Day and the Dragon Boat Festival”可知，这些都是传统节日。故选C。
27．句意：中国也有一些关于龙的传统节日，如龙抬头节和端午节，它们以不同的方式庆祝。
celebrated庆祝；promised承诺；decided决定；offered提供。根据“such as the Dragon Head-Raising Day and the Dragon Boat Festival”可知，此处是指庆祝这些节日。故选A。
28． 句意：这两个节日每年都会来，而龙年每十二年来一次。
until直到；while然而；unless除非；before在……之前。根据“These two festivals come every year,...the Year of the Dragon comes every twelve years.”可知，前后句之间是对比关系，用while连接。故选B。
29．句意：对中国文化感兴趣的人可以学习它，这将有助于更好地了解中国文化。
where引导定语从句，先行词是地点；what不引导定语从句；which引导定语从句，先行词是物；who引导定语从句，先行词是人。根据“Someone...is interested in Chinese culture may study it and thus have a better understanding of Chinese culture.”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是someone，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选D。
30． 句意：作为“龙的传人”，我们有责任共同努力，把我们的传统文化传承给越来越多的人。
choose选择；pick挑选；pass通过；save拯救。根据“”可知，此处指把传统文化传给越来越多的人，pass sth. on to sb.“把某物传递给某人”，固定搭配。故选C。
31．D 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文介绍了劳动节的由来。
31．细节理解题。根据“During the late 1880s, in many parts of the world, people worked for fourteen to sixteen hours a day in factories, but made very little money.”可知，在19世纪80年代末，人们在工厂一天工作14到16个小时。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“The union leaders asked factory bosses for shorter working time and higher salaries（工资）, but many of the bosses …”可知，工会领导人要求工厂老板缩短工作时间，提高工资，但许多老板肯定是拒绝了。故选A。
33．词句猜测题。根据“They walked through cities and towns to force bosses to let them work eight hours a day.”可知，他们穿过城镇，应是迫使老板让他们一天工作8个小时。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据“Later, in the United States and Canada, working people got together to set up unions（工会）.”可知，在美国、加拿大，工人们建立了工会；根据“They walked through cities and towns to force bosses to let them work eight hours a day. In the city of Chicago, several people died in fighting with the police.”可知，后来，工人开始为了更好的生活而斗争；根据“Over the next few years, people in cities around the world stopped working on May 1st to honor workers everywhere.”可知，在接下来的几年里，世界各地城市的人们在5月1日停止工作，表示对工人的尊重。因此正确的顺序为：③①②。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据“Today in the United States, Labor Day is mostly about having fun. People enjoy a long weekend and often celebrate it by having picnics with friends or family.”可知，在今天的美国，人们通过与家人和朋友野餐来庆祝劳动节。故选C。
36．D 37．B 38．D 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的上巳节的庆祝日期，以及它的起源、发展和习俗等。
36．推理判断题。根据“It was first celebrated on April 18 that year in Xi’an, Shaanxi. Since then, the Chinese people have celebrated it once a year.”可知，2018年开始庆祝，每年庆祝一次，今年是2021年，可推理出，共庆祝了四次。故选D。
37．词义猜测题。根据下文“Some say it comes from a dinner party along the Qushui River during the Zhou Dynasty (周朝). ”可知，下划线单词的意思应与“come from”一致，为“起源”。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据“Shangsi Festival activities have changed as time goes by Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty described that people wrote poems while drinking along the river on the day in his Lanting Xu.”可知，王羲之描述人们在这一天边写诗边在河边喝酒，故选D。
39．主旨大意题。根据“Five-coloured sticky rice and painted eggs are traditional food during the festival. People believe rice is good for health and painted eggs are symbol of love.”可知，第五段与食物有关。故选C。
40．推理判断题。根据“Shangsi Festival is an ancient Chinese festival celebrated on the third day of the third lunar month(阴历月).”及全文可知，短文主要介绍了中国的上巳节的庆祝日期，以及它的起源、发展和习俗等。故这篇文章主要是关于上巳节的一些情况。故选A。
41．is celebrated 42．the 43．enjoying 44．activities 45．on 46．eaten 47．be made 48．wearing 49．loved 50．and
【导语】本文主要介绍了重阳节的一些活动。
41．句意：它是在农历九月初九庆祝的。celebrate和主语It（代指重阳节）之间是被动关系，结合题干可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用is。故填is celebrated。
42．句意：重阳节的庆祝方式包括照顾老人，吃特殊的食物来驱除危险，以及享受户外运动。the elderly表示“老人”，故填the。
43．句意：重阳节的庆祝方式包括照顾老人，吃特殊的食物来驱除危险，以及享受户外运动。and连接并列结构，enjoy的动词形式需和and前的eating保持一致，故填enjoying。
44．句意：这里有一些关于重阳节的活动。activity是可数名词， 此处应用复数，故填activities，
45．句意：在这个特殊的日子里，有些人爬山，有些人爬高塔。根据“this special day”可知表示具体到某一天，前面用介词on。故填on。
46．句意：就像中国新年的年糕一样，重阳糕也是节日期间吃的传统食物。eat是动词，和food之间是被动关系，前面已有谓语动词，此处应用过去分词作定语，故填eaten。
47．句意：传统的重阳糕应该做成九层，就像一座塔。主语Chongyang cake和动词make“制作”之间是被动关系，结合should可知应用应用含有情态动词的被动语态，故填be made。
48．句意：人们相信佩戴茱萸可以避免坏事发生。wear是动词，此处是作主语，应用动名词形式，故填wearing。
49．句意：当时，菊花的种类很多，自古以来人们就喜欢菊花。根据“have...since ancient times”可知本句是现在完成时，动词用过去分词，故填loved。
50．句意：所以在重阳节赏菊、喝菊花茶自然是很受欢迎的。根据“admiring chrysanthemums（赏菊）...drinking chrysanthemum tea”可知赏菊和喝菊花茶是并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。
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