2024年高考英语真题（新高考II卷）D篇 解读分析

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2024年高考真题（新高考II卷） D篇 解读分析学案
DGiven the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution（变革）. In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code（代码）that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of "narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now --- several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI ---the technology companies and world leaders --- so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 32．What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in paragraph 2 probably mean A．If read by someone poorly educated.B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.C．If written by someone less competent.D．If translated by someone unacademic.33．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text A．It is packed with complex codes.B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.C．It provides step-by-step instructions.D．It is intended for AI professionals.34．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development A．Observe existing regulations on it.B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.35． What is the author's purpose in writing the text A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history.C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【词汇积累】given prep. 考虑到absorbing adj. 十分有趣的roadmap n. 策略，计划，路线forthcoming adj. 即将发生的heady adj. 令人眩晕的，令人激动的academic n. 学者accessible adj. 易于理解的informative adj. 长见识的，内容丰富的general adj. 整体的，全面的，通用的sideline v. 退出，靠边point n. 目的，观点downfall n. 衰败subject n. 主题，话题【短语积累】take action 采取行动live with 一起生活，接受，忍受come in 发挥作用，到达现场translate --- into --- 解释，说明 make for 导致by the close 到最后结束时current generation 目前的一代set out to do 开始做某事be expected to do （被）期望，预期on the same page 达成共识tipping point 临界点pan out 发生顺利【难句分析】1. In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. （翻译见译文部分）这个句子中but并列了两个句子，基本结构是：such a book could prove --- complicated ---but Campbell has --- experience (doing). translate --- into --- 这个词组在这儿是解释、说明的意思。2. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. （翻译见译文部分）这个句子中，making for 部分是结果状语，在这个状语中，guide后面跟了两个定语从句，由and并列。3. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of "narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence. （翻译见译文部分）这个句子的开头部分是由as引起的定语从句，正如---的那样。moving开头的部分是方式状语。
【应试点拨】：1. 书评类的文章主要要介绍书的作者、书的内容、风格、背景和目的，以及这本书的重要性，为什么值得读，等等。比如本篇文章，第一段就提出了这本书的背景和重要意义。第二段介绍了这本书开阔视野并且易懂。第三段书的内容和作者的观点：要控制人工智能。第四段书的目的：呼唤共识，控制人工智能。最后一段推荐这本书。这类文章的设问基本也是关于书的背景、内容、风格、作者态度或某些读者的评价等。带着经验读这一类的文章能提高阅读速度和理解的正确率。 2. 本文有几个长句子和几个不容易的理解的短句，也有几个有难度的词组使用语境。比如第二段的两个长句子。浏览、寻找和判断主句的主要结构，先主句、后从句、再其他成分。详细句子结构分析见句子分析部分，这儿不在赘述。对于一些短句，要结合语境理解，比如第32小题。 还有最后一段的最后一个小短句“this is it”，都得通过语境去理解：如果你只想读一本，那就读这本吧。平时的阅读训练要重视语境和逻辑。对于一些熟词新义的现象，也要根据语境去理解和判断，比如第二段中的translate ---into 这个短语在语境中的含义。对于不是非常影响理解的词或词组，比如第四段中的pan out, 只需了解它们的大概含义即可。 【译文】鉴于人工智能有改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这就是《人工智能设计：与人工智能共存的计划》一书发挥作用的方面。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔(Catriona Campbell)撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战。如果由不胜任的人来写的话，这样一本书读起来可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但谢天谢地，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人眩晕的内容转化为可理解的内容。她不是以一个学者的角度，而是从一个商业人士的实用的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。正如我们很快就会从这本书中学习的，人工智能已经超级智能，并且将变得更有能力，从目前一代的“有限的人工智能”转向通用人工智能。坎贝尔说，到那时，将会出现主导性的人工智能。这就是为什么坎贝尔现在就开始提高人们对人工智能及其未来的认识---比这些发展预计发生的时间要早几十年。她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有可能被边缘化，甚至更糟。坎贝尔的目的是唤醒那些对人工智能负责的人---科技公司和世界领导人---这样他们就能与目前正在开发人工智能的所有专家达成共识。她解释说，我们正处于历史的“临界点”，现在必须采取行动，防止人类发生灭绝级事件。我们需要考虑，与人工智能共存的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败。 人工智能将影响我们所有人（所以我们要重视和了解它），如果你想只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就读这本书吧。 【答案】 32-35：CBCA【解析】本文是一篇书评。介绍了Catriona Campbell的《人工智能设计：与人工智能共存的计划》一书。从作者的写作能力、目的，书的背景意义、内容、风格等方面，指出这本书很重要，值得读。【32题详解】C. 语义推测题或语境理解题。题干文件的划线部分的语境是：but并列了两个句子，第二个句子中提及Campbell有20多年的专业经验，能够将复杂的内容转化为易于理解的语言。所以“but”前面应该是如果不是Campbell写的话，可能造成的难以理解的情况。故C项“ If written by someone less competent. 如果由能力不足的人来写。”是正确选项。【33题详解】 B. 细节理解题。第二段中提及她不是以一个学者的角度，而是从一个商业人士的实用的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。可知，本书实用、易于理解。故选B项“It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. 这本书采用了务实的写作风格。”是正确选项。【34题详解】 C. 推理判断题。题干问及：考虑到AI的发展，Campbell催促人们做什么，第三段中提及：当人工智能发展到高级阶段，人类可能会被边缘化甚至更糟，所以她坚持对人工智能加以控制。第四段中也提及：人们要形成共识，防止发生灭绝级的灾难，考虑和人工智能共存的未来如何发展。所以，Campbell迫切希望人类能够共同努力以保证AI发展在人类控制之下。故C项“Make joint efforts to keep it under control. 共同努力以控制好人工智能。”是正确选项。【35题详解】A. 推理判断题。本文从第一段就提及了这本书的背景，然后各段介绍了 作者的写作能力、目的，书的内容、风格等方面，指出这本书很重要，值得读。可知，作者的目的在于推荐一本有关人工智能的书籍。故选A项“ To recommend a book on AI. 推荐一本关于AI的书。”是正确选项。