《中考宝典》2016广东省中考英语复习（语法考点）课件：名词及其考点

课件30张PPT。名 词中考语法 名词概述 名词表示人、事物、地点、现象或抽象概念等的名称。
如：teacher, desk, England, love等 考点分布 （1）可数名词及其单复数
（2）不可数名词
（3）专有名词（4）名词所有格 考点梳理 考点一 名词的分类考点梳理 考点一 名词的分类考点梳理 注意：有些名词既可做可数名词，也可作不可数名词。如：考点梳理 【考点精练】( ) 1. ____ is made of _____.
A. glass; glass B. A glass; glass
C. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses
( )2. Help yourself to __________.
A. chickens and apples
B. chickens and apple
C. chicken and apple
D. chicken and apples
( ) 3.I have two _____ and three bottles of _______ here.
A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges
C. oranges, orange D. orange, orangesBDC考点梳理 考点二 名词的数 1.可数名词单复数的规则变化（表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词）考点梳理 考点梳理 在平常的学习中我们可以用一些耳熟能详的顺口溜巧计一些东西，让杂乱的东西条理化，枯燥的东西趣味化。如：
1. 以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词变复数，常见词尾加-es的词有四个：
即tomato, potato, hero, negro
我们可以这样记：
黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯【策略点播】考点梳理 2. 以f(e)结尾的名词变复数，需要把-f(e)改为v，再加-es常见的有9个，它们分别是：wife, knife , wolf,thief, shelf, self, life, half, leaf 。
可以这样记：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；(wife，knife , wolf，thief )
躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。
(shelf , self，life，half ，leaf )
注意：由self构成的复合词，其变化与self相同。如：myself → ourselves 【策略点播】考点梳理2.可数名词单复数的不规则变化考点梳理考点梳理注意：有些名词虽然以-s结尾却表示单数，如：news, grass, physics, politics等考点梳理 【考点精练】5. Tom’s family _______ big. Tom’s family _____ film fans. (be)
6. The team often ________ (win) the matches. After winning, the team ________ (have) a shower.
( ) 7. He is ______________ .
A. an English B.a Englishman
C.a English D.English
( ) 8. —After P.E., I often feel very thirsty.
—Why not buy some ________ to drink?
A. bread B. noodles
C. apple juice D. teasDCisarewinshave 考点梳理 【考点精练】( ) 9. There are fifty ________ in our school. They are all friendly to us.
A. woman teachers B. women teacher
C. woman teacher D. women teachers
( ) 10. Could you please get me some ________? I’m hungry.
A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg
( ) 11. A/An_______ can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue sea and many other things.
A. actor B. scientist C. artist D. doctorDCC考点梳理 考点三 名词的量 1. 可数名词的量
可数名词的量可直接用“数字＋名词的复数”表示，如：two eggs, ten books
2. 不可数名词的量
常见的不可数名词有：music, fun, news, information, advice, weather, homework, work, air, time, money, paper, traffic, practice, progress等。它们不能直接和表示数字的词或a/an连用，没有复数形式。但可以借助量词来表示数量，即“量词＋名词”，如：
a piece of paper, a glass of water, two bowls of rice , five cups of tea考点梳理 常用搭配：a piece of paper/news/bread/
meat/ advice/information/ chalk
常见短语：a bottle of , a cup of coffee , a drop of water, a bag of rice,a block of ice, two pieces of, a pair of…
3.可数名词与不可数名词的不确切量的表达方式
few, a few, many, several, a (large/small)number of + 可数名词
little, a little, much, a large/small amount of, a great deal of+ 不可数名词
some, any, plenty of , enough, a lot of/lots of+ 可数/不可数名词考点梳理 【考点精练】( ) 12. Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and _____.
A. some rice
B. a few rice
C. a little rices
D. a rice
( ) 13. In ________ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.
A. few year
B. a few years’
C. few years
D. a few year’sAB考点梳理 【考点精练】( ) 14. We bought ________ for my mother’s birthday.
A. some meats
B. some pieces meat
C. a piece of meat
D. pieces of meats
( ) 15. There’re a lot of ________ down there, but hardly any ________.
A. horse; people
B. horses; peoples
C. cow; people
D. sheep; peopleCD考点梳理 考点四 名词所有格（名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系）1. ’s所有格(主要表示有生命的人或物的名词)考点梳理 注意：表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词，也可以用’s 所有格。如：
today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
the world’s biggest problem 世界最大的问题
an hour’s walk/ride走路/开车一小时的路程
eight days’ holiday = an eight-day holiday 八天的假期考点梳理 【考点精练】( ) 16. —Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?
—No, it’s my _________. He left it there just now.
A. brother B. brother’s
C. brothers’ D. brothers
( ) 17. This is_________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Jenny and Maria’s
B. Jenny’s and Maria
C. Jenny’s and Maria’s
D. Jenny and MariaBA考点梳理 【考点精练】( ) 18.—How far is your home from school?
—It’s about two______ walk.
A. hours B. hours’
C. hour’s D. hour
( ) 19. —Where are you going, Lucy?
—__________________.
A. To my uncle
B. To my uncle’s
C. At my uncle
D. At my uncle’sBB考点梳理 2. of 所有格
主要用于无生命的名词，如：
the gate of the school 学校大门
a window of the room 房间的窗子
或者是名词或名词的定语较长，如：
the death of Dr. Norman Bethune 诺尔曼·白求恩大夫的死
the name of the boy sitting near the window 坐在窗边那个男孩儿的名字考点梳理 3. 双重所有格
双重所有格的构成形式：
名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格，如：
a teacher of mine/his/hers/yours/ours/theirs
some friends of my father’s
我父亲的几个朋友
注意：有些名词是用介词to来表示所有格。如：
the key to the door,
the way to school,
the answer to the question考点梳理 【考点精练】( ) 20. Mr Black is a teacher of _______. She and her classmates like him very much.
A. my sister B. my sister’s
C. my sisters D. my sisters’
( ) 21. —I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right. It’s one of the ______ of my family.
A. plans B. jobs C. programs D. rules
( ) 22. Miss Black is a friend of ______, she always looks after my sister.
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother’
C. Mary mother’s BDA考点梳理 考点五 熟记下列惯用名词复数的词组with one’s own eyes 亲眼
make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友
shake hands with sb. 与某人握手
take notes 做笔记
the sports meeting 运动会
do (morning/eye) exercises 做早操/眼操
cut/break into pieces 切成/打成碎片
the Olympic Games=the Olympics 奥运会考点梳理 【备考策略】 中考英语试题中，考查名词所占的比例很大。考查的形式包括单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、短文填空和书面表达。
主要考查三个方面：
1、联系上下文，考查同义词、近义词辨析；
2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词组的意义和用法；
3、有关名词的固定搭配和习惯用语等。考点梳理 【备考策略】 在复习中要特别注意上述题型的综合训练，尤其是要注意：
1. 注意结合上下文的语境和句子结构判断词义、词性和单复数等；
2. 注意区分可数名词与不可数名词，尤其是注意有的名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词；
3. 注意掌握极少数的集合名词和抽象名词的用法；
4. 注意掌握一些名词和名词短语的固定搭配以及一词多义的用法。