2024-2025学年牛津深圳版(广州沈阳通用)八年级英语上册Unit5-6词汇精讲 学案

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名称 2024-2025学年牛津深圳版(广州沈阳通用)八年级英语上册Unit5-6词汇精讲 学案
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Unit 5
1.educational adj. 有关教育的,有教育意义的
变形:education n. 教育; educate v. 教育,训练、培养;educator n. 教育者;
educated = well-educated adj.受过教育的,有教养的
练习:用educate的适当形式填空。
(1)A child receives its early _____education______ at home.
(2)The professor is one of the most famous _____educator______ in China.
(3)I found the experience really meaningful and _____educational ________.
(4)The activity last weekend was to ____educate_____ people about road safety.
2.exchange n. 交流,互访
v. 交易,调换 :搭配exchange student 交换生 ;exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物;exchange rate 兑换率,汇率
变形:change v. 改变 n. 找给的零钱
例句:三万是一名交换生,他现在正在访问北京新华初级中学进行教育交流。
Sanwan is an exchange student. He is visiting Xinhua Junior High School in Beijing on an educational exchange.
3.culture n.文化(可数) 文明(不可数) cultural adj. 文化的, 教养的
固定搭配: traditional culture传统文化 western culture西方文化 national culture 民族文化
例句:我非常喜欢民族文化。I love the national culture very much.
4.host n. 主人;东道主,主持人; v. 主持,主办 反义词:客人guest
变形: hostess n. 女主人 host family 寄宿家庭
练习:My host family tried to cook something different for me when I studied in New Zealand.我在新西兰留学时我的寄宿家庭努力给我做不同的饭食。
China will host the 2022 Winter Olympic Game.中国将举办2022年冬季奥运会。
5.local adj. 地方的;当地的 变形:location n. 地方、地点、位置 ; locally adv. 局部地,在本地
固定搭配:local people本地人、当地人 local product 土特产 local culture 本土文化,地方文化
例句:当地人非常的友好。The local people are very friendly.
6.British adj. 英国的 n. 英国人 (包括England, Scottish 苏格兰, Wales); Britain n. 英国
7.glad adj. 高兴,愉快 同义词:happy 、 cheerful
短语: be glad to do sth. 开心做某事
练习:(1)—Would you like to come to my birthday party this evening
—Yes. I’m very glad to__C____.
A. invite B. invited C. be invited
(2)Jim with his classmates__C__ the students from the USA.
A. are glad to meet B. are glad meeting
C. is glad to meet D. is glad meeting
8.guest n. 客人,宾客 反义词host
9.chopstick n. 筷子(常以复数形式出现)
练习:在中国的文化中,在饭桌上用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。
In Chinese culture, it’s not polite to point your chopsticks at others at table.
10.weekday n. 工作日 (周一到周五的某一天) weekend n. 周末
固定搭配:on weekdays 在工作日 on weekends /at weekends在周末
例句: I am always busy on weekdays.我在工作日总是很忙。
tour v.在……旅游 ; tour n.旅行 同义词:trip、 journey ; tourist n.游客 ; travel v. 旅行
搭配:go on a tour 去旅游; tour around 环游
【辨析】☆ tour是类似周游、观光旅游的旅行,比如tour of London, tour of World,一般短语就是on the tour of some place
☆ journey是着重于行程时间比较长的旅行,较正式,比如我们在飞机上常常看到“Wish you have a good journey.”
☆ trip是有目的性的旅行,强调“短期旅 行”,但实际上口语上trip和journey是可以互换的。(take a trip to sw)
☆ travel 泛指旅行(travel to sw)
12.fantastic adj. 极好的,了不起的,同义词:good,wonderful ;
13.experience (n.)经验(不可数名词), 经历(可数名词) (v.) 经历;
短语:经历 an unforgettable experience; 经验 much working experience;
工作经验/经历 work experience 生活经验/经历life experience
experienced adj. 有经验的,反义词:inexperienced adj. 无经验的
练习:用experience的适当形式填空。
(1)Jack is a famous doctor with rich _____experience_______.
(2)The company needs a more ______experienced________ engineer than a new graduate.
(3)We really want him to tell us all his ___experiences__________ in the Amazon Forest.
14.already adv. 已经,早已 同义词:yet
注意:already 用在肯定句中,yet用于疑问句和否定句。两者都表示已经,常用在完成时态中。
练习:— I have ___ told your phone number. Has he called you____
— No, he hasn’t called me___B__.
A. just; already; yet B. already, yet, yet C. already, already, yet
15.introduce v. 使……初次了解,使尝试 ,近义词是:announce introduction n. 介绍,了解
短语:introduce… to… 使……初次了解; introduce myself 自我介绍
introduce sb./sth. to sb./sth. 向某人介绍......(某人/物) introduce sb. to sth. 使某人初次了解/尝试......
例句:The teachers have introduced us to Chinese painting.老师们已经向我们介绍了中国画。
Let me introduce my friends to you! 让我把我的朋友们介绍给你吧!
16.success n. 成功,反义词failure ;successful adj. 成功的; successfully adv. 成功地 ;
succeed v. 同义词achieve 成功,完成
搭配:succeed in doing sth. =manage to do sth.= be successful in doing sth. 成功地做了某事
反义短语fail to do sth.做某事失败
练习:1.He worked hard and he finally___succeed____(success).
2.The best way to be____successful _____(success)is to work hard.
3.I am so happy because I succeed__passing______(pass) the English exam.
17. respect v. 慎重对待; 尊重,反义词disrespect ;respect n. 尊重; 敬意; ; respectful adj. 恭敬的
搭配: show respect for sb. 对某人表示尊敬
例句:He shows his respect for his teacher by saying hello.他通过问好表示出对老师的尊重。
18.at first 起初; 起先 同义词短语: in the beginning= at the beginning
19.so far 到目前为止; 迄今为止(so far与现在完成时连用) 同义词短语:up to now = until now = by now
例句:到目前为止,我们已经学习了好几百个英语单词。
So far, we have learnt hundreds of words. =We have learnt hundreds of words so far.
练习:So far, many students in the school _C__ a lot of prizes in this field.
A. win B. won C. have won
20.a bit of+不可数n. = a little+... ; a bit+ adj.= a little+adj.
例句:Zixiang has ______a bit of/a little_________ money left. 子翔剩下的钱很少。
Runjun is ____a little/a bit_________ shy. 润均有点害羞
21.come over (to... ) 从……到…… (通常远距离地)
If you’re free this evening, please __A_ and have dinner with us.
A. come over B. come to C. get up D. come from
Unit6
ancient adj. 古代的 n.古代人,近义词 old adj. 老的,旧的;反义词 modern adj. 现代的
同根词 anciently adv. 以往,古代 搭配:ancient times 古代; modern times 现代
例句:In this unit you will read some interesting stories from ancient Greece and ancient China.在这个单元你将读到一些来自古希腊和古中国的有趣的故事。
Trojan / 'tr ud n/ adj. 特洛伊的; n. 特洛伊人
3.war n. 战争 反义词:peace n. 和平
短语:world war 世界大战 ; world war ii 第二次世界大战 ; civil war 内战
cold war 冷战 ; second world war 第二次世界大战 ;the Trojan War 特洛伊之战
用法 例句
(1) war 是战争的总称,一般指包 括多个战役的大规模战争。 How many people died in the war
(2)fight 最普通用词,含义广, 指战斗、斗争或打斗。 He had a fight with Smith and bloodied his nose.
(3) struggle 指激烈或时间持 续长的战斗或奋力斗争. Keep up the struggle till you succeed.
4.understand v. 懂;理解,过去式和过去分词均为understood 反义词:misunderstand v. 误解
understanding n. 理解力adj.善解人意的 make oneself understood 使自己被人理解
例句:He has better understanding than the other boys.他比其他男孩子的理解能力强
练习:I can't ___understand________ what he said.我不能理解他所说的话。
I have ____understood_____ the word's meaning.我已经懂了这个词的意思。
difference n. 差别; 不同之处(反义词:similarity n. 相像处,相似点) ;differ v. 区分
different adj. 不同的(反义词:same、similar adj. 相似的
搭配:be different from=be not the same as 与……不同
反义词短语:be similar to 与……相似
练习:There are some ____differences_______ between Chinese culture and American culture.中美文化之间有一些区别。
Your school ______is different from___________ ours.你们的学校和我们的学校不同。
6.Greek n. 希腊人 Greek adj. 希腊的; Greece n. 希腊
7.pyramid n. 金字塔 (古埃及的)
8.captain n. 首领 vt.担任…的船长;担任…的队长
9.huge adj. 巨大的
【辨析】 big :多用于具体的、有形的人或物,其反义词多为little/small 。
large :常指面积、范围,可表示数和量。其反义词为small
huge :体积的巨大或超过标准的巨大,有“very large”的意思。
giant :形容超强的,庞大的。
heavy :指雨(rain)大。
strong:指风(wind) 、地震(earthquake)大
10.pull v. 拖,拉动( 向某方向) 反义词push v. 推
短语:pull down 把某物拉下,拆毁; pull out 拉出,拔出 pull...into... 把……拉入/拖入
pull...out of... 把……从……拉出来
练习:He ___pulled___ the boy ____into____ the hole.他把这个男孩从洞里拉了出来。
Don't ___push____ the door too hard.不要太用力推门。
11.main adj. 主要的 ,同义词major ;mainly adv. 主要地
搭配:main line 铁路干线; mainland 大陆; main clause (复合句中的) 主句; main street 大街
main hall 大礼堂; main office 总部; main point 要点; main course 主菜;
main stream(思想或行为的)主流;
用法 例句
(1) main 常用于修饰名词,没有比较等级形式。 My main concern now is to protect the children.
(2) mainly adv. 大部分地;大体上;主要 地 This is a book designed mainly for use in college.
例句:What's the ___main__ idea of this passage 这篇文章的主要大意是什么?
The passage ____mainly______ tells us that honesty is very important.这篇文章主要告诉我们诚实非常重要。
12.stupid adj. 笨的、傻的; 同义词: foolish/ silly; 反义词:clever/smart
13.midnight n. 午夜; 子夜
搭配:at midnight 在午夜,在半夜; by midnight 在午夜前
14.empty adj. 空的 反义词full empty v. 倒空,把……弄空
例句:Their house is empty now.他们的房子现在空了
15.except prep. 除……之外 except for 除…之外
【辨析】
用法 例句
(1)except 后接的词同整体词
(主语)一般是同类, 指在同类的整体中除去一个 They were all there except me.
部分;
(2)except for 后接的词同句
子中的整体词(主语)不是同类的,指从整体中除去一个细节,一个方面; Your composition is good except for some overcolouring here and there.
(3)besides 意为“除……之外
(还有)”,表示除去的部分包括在内。=in addition I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful.
but的意思与except接近,它主要与某些不定代词如nothing,all,anything, no one,anyone等连用
secret adj. 秘密的; secretly adv.悄悄地;秘密地; secretary n. 秘书
secret n.秘密 keep a secret 保密 ; keep sth.a secret from sb.对某人保守秘密
练习:He found a___secret____ way.他发现了一个秘密通道。
What's the ___secret____of your success 你成功的秘诀是什么?
We need to keep it a secret from other companies.我们需要对其他公司保守这个秘密。
17.steal v.偷窃;偷盗 现在分词:stealing;过去式:stole;过去分词:stolen;第三人称单数:steals
搭配:steal…from… 从……偷走……
thief n.小偷;其复数形式是thieves
例句:The thief stole a lot of boxes from his workshop.那个小偷从他的车间偷
练习:Who __stole_____ his bike 谁偷了他的自行车?
_____thieves___ (thief) often steal things from careless passengers on the bus.
18.punish v.惩罚、处罚; punishment n.处罚、惩治
19.(be) full of (有)大量的;(有)许多的 同义词组be filled with
例句:Our school ______is full of________ trees.我们校园里有许多的树木。
20.celebrate v. 庆祝;庆贺; celebration n. 庆祝;庆贺; 形容词celebrated =famous=well-known 著名的
例句:All the Chinese people _____are celebrating_____________ the Spring Festival.所有的中国人都在庆祝春节。
Let's have a _____celebration________.=Let's __celebrate______.让我们好好庆祝一下。
21.wooden adj.木制的;木头的; wood n.木头 wood 加后缀-en就变成了wooden
类似的词:wool n.羊毛 woolen adj.羊毛的
gold n.金子 golden adj.金色的;金子的
22.leave(left; left)v.留下、遗留; leave v.遗忘
例句:They've left a huge wooden horse.他们把一匹巨大的木马留下来了。
I left my purse in the taxi.我把钱包遗忘在出租车上了。
leave for… 到……地方去 I will leave Shenzhen for Guangzhou tomorrow.我明天将会离开深圳去广州。
表示放置;听任 Don't leave the door open.别让门开着。 Leave him alone.别管他。
leave作名词,表示“许可;准假”;three-week leave 三周假期 He went on a holiday on leave.他请假去旅游。
【辨析】leave, forget
汉语中的“遗忘”在英语中可以表达为leave 或 forget, 实际上其意义不同。
leave 通常表示把某物遗忘在某地没有带来;forget则表示脑海中没有印象,反义词为remember。
练习:I went to school in such a hurry that I __left____ my homework at home.我着急地去上学,把作业落在家里了。
I ____forgot____ to lock the door when I left home.我离开家的时候忘了锁门。
23.quietly adv. 安静地 ,反义词:noisily喧闹地; quiet adj. 安静的 quite adv. 非常,相对
24.army n. 陆军部队 join the army参军
25.succeed v. 达到目的; 实现目标 反义词fail v. 失败
变形:success n.“成功, 成就”; 可数名词“成功的人/事” successful adj. 成功的; successfully adv. 成功地
搭配:succeed in doing sth. =do sth. successfully成功做某事
练习:选用 succeed,success,successful 或 successfully 填空,注意其形式。
His uncle is a successful inventor.
Dick has succeed in getting the job.
We are very happy with your great success.
We worked out the problem successfully in the end.
26.trick n. 计谋 v. 哄骗,使上当 trick or treat不请吃就捣蛋;不给糖就捣蛋(万圣节风俗)
搭配:play a trick on sb. = make fun of sb. 取笑,捉弄某人
27.make jokes about 拿……开玩笑; 以……为笑柄 tell jokes 讲笑话
同义词组: play a joke/jokes on =play tricks on = make fun of =laugh at
练习:How did she look through his __trick_____ 她是怎么识破他的把戏?
e on (用于命令) 快;加油;加把劲
例句:___come on______, let’s go inside the post office.快点,我们到邮局里面去。
_____come on____, bail up!快点,举手投降!
29.act out 将……表演出来 同义词组:put on
30.in the end 最后 同义词组:at last =finally