八上Unit1
Inventor n.发明家 invent v.发明;创造(invented)。通常指发明、创造出来以前没有的东西
invention n.发明
【辨析】 invent, find, discover
invent 是指创造前所未有的事物,故作“发明”解;find(偶然)遇到,碰到,发现;discover是指发现本来已存在但以前未被发现的事物,故作“发现”解。
练习用invent、find和discover的适当形式填空。
(7)I want to ___invent___a time machine to live in the Tang Dynasty.
(8)I'm looking for my pen but I can't __find__it.
(9)Columbus _______discovered_______ America in 1492.
2.born v.出生(bear的过去分词) born adj.天生的 相似词birth 是名词,意为“出生”。at birth 意为“出生时”
短语be born(多用于一般过去时) = come out of one's mother's body 出生
be born + adj. / n. 意为“生来……”。
be born + in / on 意为“出生在……”
be born + to / in / into 意为“降生到……” ,多指降生到某家庭。
3.ability n.才能,能力(复数是abilities) (1) 表示“能力”时,常作单数;(2) 表示“才能,才干”时,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词
同根词 able adj. 有能力的;能干的
短语have the ability to do sth.有能力做某事 be able to do sth.= can do sth.能够做某事
例句I have the ability to persuade her to work with us.我有能力说服她和我们一起干活。
When will I be able to see more clearly 我什么时候能看得更清楚些?
4.Italian n.意大利人 Italian n. 意大利语 Italian adj. 意大利的;意大利人的;意大利语的;意大利文化的
Italy n. 意大利
5.countryside n. 乡村;农村
短语 in the countryside 在乡村;在农村
include (及物动词,前面要有主语)包括;包含;计入 同义词Contain 近义词短语 be made up of
反义词exclude;ignore
单三:includes;过去式:included;过去分词:included;现在分词:including
同根词 including(一般用在逗号后面或者冒号前面)prep. 包括 included adj. 包含在内
练习1. The price ___includes_ both your shirt and your trousers.
2. The children include twenty girls.
3. Ten members were present at the meeting, including myself.
7.intelligence n.智慧;才智
intelligent adj. 聪明的;悟性强的;有智慧的 同义词 smart ;clever 反义词foolish;unintelligent
练习用intelligent的适当形式填空。
(3)This work needs ______intelligence______ and experience.
(4)Little Tom is _____intelligent______ and knows a lot about history.
8.artistic adj.有艺术天赋的 art n.艺术 artist n.艺术家
9.perhaps adv.可能;大概 同义词maybe ;probably
例句 :这个包可能是jiong的。The bag is perhaps Jiongs'.=Maybe/Probably the bag is Jiongs’
win v.赢;获胜 过去式:won;过去分词:won;现在分词:winning; 单三:wins
同义词 beat v. 赢;战胜 过去式:beat;过去分词:beaten;现在分词:beating;单三:beats
反义词 lose;defeat
【辨析】win意为“赢,获胜,得到成功”。作为及物动词时,其后的宾语往往是奖品、奖学金、名誉、财产、战争或运动等。
beat意为“赢,取胜,战胜;敲打,(心脏)跳动”。其后的宾语是比赛、竞争中的对手或战争中的敌人。beat sb.= win against sb.
练习 用beat和win的适当形式填空。
(1)The man ____won/wins_____ a big prize in the game.
(2)When you __beat__the drum, you feel good.
11.musician(可数) n.音乐家 music(不可数) n. 音乐 musical adj. 音乐的;关于音乐的
12.suddenly adv.突然;忽然 sudden adj.突然的;出乎意料的
sudden n.突然发生的事,all of a sudden = suddenly
练习用sudden的适当形式填空。
(1) ____suddenly_____, the bus ran off the road and hit a tree.
(2)Everyone got wet in the ____sudden____ rain because no one brought an umbrella.
13.however 副词、连词,“然而,但是” 同义词but
【辨析】however通常后有逗号,可位于句首、句中或句末。but与其前面的分句可用或不用逗号分开,并且but 之后一般不使用逗号。注:however与but不可同时出现在一句中。
例句:Rubbish, however, is only part of environmental pollution.
He likes sports, but his wife likes music
14.Nobody 没有人 同义词短语 not…anybody 没有人
例句:我没有见到一个人。I saw nobody. = I didn’t see anybody.
注意:nobody 作句子主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
练习:Nobody in our class speaks Greek.我们班没有人会讲希腊语
15.look up 意为“查阅;查询”,强调的词典、参 考书等工具书里查询。
相似短语look up 仰视;向上看 look around 向周围看
look out 向外看;当心 look like 看起来
look the same 看起来相同 look forward to 盼望
more than 超出;多于 同义词over 反义词less than 少于
相关短语not more than 不多于;不超过 no more than= only 仅仅;不过
17.learn to do sth.意为“学习做某事” learn 后面跟动词不定式作宾语。
例句: Would you like to learn to swim this summer 这个夏天你想学游泳吗?
die out 灭绝;消失 同义词disappear
例句:Every year,many kinds of animals and plans die out每年都有很多动植物灭绝。
练习:If you leave your bike out overnight, it's likely to disappear.
把自行车在外面放一整夜的话,有可能会丢。
find out 了解(到);弄清 同义词 find discover 同义词短语look for
【辨析】find与find out
find 两者都与“发现”有关。find强调结果,通常接较为具体的事物作宾语;find out 强调过程,指通过观察、调查等努力发现或搞清楚一些抽象的事物;look for强调寻找的“动作”,不涉及结果
Look for
find out
如:We've found a great new restaurant near the office. 我们在办公室附近发现了一家挺好的新餐馆。 It was impossible to find out her address. 要找到她的住址是不可能的。
练习:I can't B my dictionary. Can you help me,Linda?
A. look for B. find C. find out
for example adv.例如 同义词for instance
【辨析】such as一般用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子,插在被列举的例子和前面的名词之间,as后没有逗号。在使用such as时应注意后面列举事物的数量不能等于前面所提事物的总和,若相等时用namely或that is. 如:
He has been to many countries, such as America, Japan and Germany. 他去过很多国家,比如美国、日本和德国。
for example一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例,作插入语,可置于句首、句中或句末。如:
For example,air is invisible. 例如,空气是看不见的。
八上Unit2
1.number可数名词:数字;数量 同义词 figure 动词:标号,给......标号 偶数/奇数even/odd numbers
短语a large number of =a lot of 许多(+可数名词) the number of ...的数量(谓单数)
2.instruction 可数名词n. (pl.) 指示;命令 近义词coaching;command
instruct v.指导,命令
3.check v. 检查;核实 近义词go over / examine
短语check in 登记签到 (入住) check out 离开登记(退房) a health check健康检查
例句:老师现在正在给我们检查作业。
The teacher _______is checking_______our homework now.
4.son n. 儿子 女儿daughter 孙子grandson 孙女 granddaughter
5.chess n. 国际象棋 短语play chess 下棋
注意play 后接球类、棋类不加冠词; play 后接乐器加 the
6.India n. 印度 Indian adj. 印度的 n. 印度人(~s)
7.wise adj.充满智慧的 wisely adv. 明智地 Wisdom n.智慧,才智
同义词clever; bright; intelligent
反义词unwise adj.不明智的;愚蠢的;轻率的 = not clever ;stupid ; silly; foolish愚蠢的,笨的
练习:(1)It is ___wise___ (明智的) of her to give us much help.Everyone is thankful for her help.
(2)It's _____unwise___ (不明智的) to make a decision in a hurry without thinking about it carefully.
8.challenge v.向(某人)挑战 n.挑战;艰巨任务(同义词defiance) ; challenger n.挑战者;
challenging adj.有挑战性的
短语 challenge sb to sth.向某人挑战.. meet the challenge迎接挑战
练习:(1)His brother challenged him __to__ a game of chess.他弟弟向他挑战下棋。
(2)The young man accepted the ______challenge_____ bravely.那位年轻人勇敢地接受了挑战。
(3)It is difficult for the new student to complete this ______challenging _______ task.对新生来说,完成这项具有挑战性的任务是很困难的。
9.promise v.许诺;承诺 n.许诺;诺言
(1)If one makes a promise, he should keep it.如果作出了承诺,就应该遵守。
(2)promise to do sth.承诺做……
The government promises to look into the matter.政府答应调查这个问题。
(3)break/make a promise 不守承诺/作出承诺
He makes a promise and never breaks it.他作出承诺并从不失信。
(4)keep a promise 信守诺言
He kept his promise to visit his aunt regularly.他信守诺言,定期去看望姑妈。
10.promise v.许诺;承诺近义词covenant;ensure ; n.许诺;诺言
短语:promise to do sth.承诺做…… break/make a promise 不守承诺/作出承诺 keep a promise 信守诺言
例句:If one makes a promise, he should keep it.如果作出了承诺,就应该遵守。
练习:(1)They ____promised______ (许诺) to help us, but we didn't see them there.
(2)My parents made a ___promise______ (许诺) to buy a bike for me.
11.double v.(使)加倍 同义词短语make sth. become twice ; adj.双的;两倍的
例句:(1)The number of factories may double to 1,000 within 10 years.工厂的数量在10年内可能翻倍,达到1000家。
(2)It has the double advantage of being both easy and cheap.它具有既容易又便宜的双重优点。
12.amount n.数量;数额(同义词number) v.等于;相当于;总计;共计
短语辨析: a large/small amount of大量的/少量的(接不可数名词)
a large/small number of大量的/少量的(接可数名词复数)
a large quantity of 接可数名词复数和不可数名词都可以
plenty of 接可数名词复数和不可数名词都可以
练习(1)There are a small number of ____students______ talking about the problem.只有少数学生在讨论这个问题。
(2)A large ______amount/quantity_______ of rubbish is thrown into the sea every year.每年都有大量的垃圾被扔进大海。
13.rest n.剩余部分;休息时间 v.(使)休息;(使)倚靠 近义词/短语break (take/have a rest/break)
the rest作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式;如果所指为单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式。
【辨析】 rest是休息的统称;break是非正式用词,表示工作或活动期间的短暂休息;stop 是指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态。
14.gold n.金子;黄金 adj.金(制)的;含金的 golden金色的 adj.
【辨析】 gold 作形容词,一般指物品的材质是含金的,如:gold medal, gold watch;
golden一般指物体是金色的,如:golden hair, 或者有抽象含义,如:golden age。
练习:(1)I missed a ____golden____ chance to make a lot of money.我错过了一个赚大钱的黄金时机。
(2)The gentleman gave the girl a ring made of __gold___ as a birthday gift.那位绅士给了那位姑娘一个金戒指作为生日礼物。
15.realize v.认识到;意识到 同义词短语 be aware of = come/get to know/understand
realize v.实现 同义词短语 make sth.come true = achieve
练习:The young man works hard in order to realize/ achieve his dream.那个年轻人努力工作以实现自己的梦想。
16..instead adv. 代替;顶替
注意:instead +句子,放句首或句尾(句首时用逗号与句子隔开) ;instead of=in place of +名词、代词或动名词。
例句:1.He doesn’t want gold or silver. __Instead______, he only wants to get his family together.
2.现在我可以步行去上班,而不必开车了。Now I can walk to work ______instead of going_______________by car.
17.copy v. 抄写;誊写 三单:copies 过去式: copied
短语:copy down抄写= write down
18.correctly adv.正确地;得体地;准确无误地 近义词/短语= without mistakes/rightly
同根词 correct adj. 正确 v. 改正 ; correctness n.正确
例句:1.The teacher asked me_______to correct___the wrong words.老师让我纠正错误的单词
2.Did you pronounce your name ______correct____ 你的名字发音正确吗
19.traffic n. 交通
短语:traffic accident 交通事故 traffic jam 交通阻塞
20.accident n. 事故;意外 accidental adj. 意外的;偶然的
短语:by accident偶然地