Unit5
1.drop(dropped-dropped-dropping) vi.丢下、掉下、落下 同义词fall;vt.使掉下、使落下;n. 滴、空投、降落、少量
短语:a drop of water一滴水; drop off 减弱、减少、掉落、睡着
drop in 顺便走访(某人) ; drop in /around探望、串门;drop into滴入
练习:Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford. 如果你到布拉福特,请顺便来看看我们。
My sister dropped around last night. 我妹妹昨晚来过
The rain _____D___. We can see many ________ of water.
A.dropped;drop B.drops;drops C.drops;dropped D.dropped;drops
2. journey n.旅行 Journey to the West西游记 go on a journey 去旅行
【辨析】journey, trip, travel与tour
(1) journey: 指陆地上的远程旅行。 例句:It’s about half an hour’s journey. 大约半小时路程。
(2) trip: 指有特定目的的短距离旅行。 例句:On Thursday we went out on a day trip.
(3) travel: 泛指到各地旅行,表示旅行的路途远、时间长。 例句: My dream is to travel around the world.
(4) tour: 常指访问多处的短期观光旅游,有周游后回到原出发地之意。例句:The band will be going on tour. 这个乐队将要进行巡回演出。
3.fresh adj. 新鲜的、新的(同义词 new/ unused );adj. 淡的、无盐的(同义词 unsalty 反义词salty)
freshman: n.(中学或大学)一年级生
短语:fresh water淡水; fresh air新鲜空气 fresh news/information/data 最新消息
练习:The foods include fresh fruits and vegetables. 这些食物包括新鲜的水果和蔬菜。
There were no fresh car tracks or footprints in the snow. 雪地里没有留下新的车辙或脚印。
4.salt n.盐; v.加盐于...以调味、用盐腌 salty adj. 含盐的、咸的 反义词fresh/ flat
salt water海水
练习:The soup tastes flat. You’d better salt it with a little salt. 汤有点淡,最好再加点盐。
They drank sweet water after the salty sea one. 在不小心灌了点咸海水后,他们喝了些甜水。
5.on adv.开着(表示已连接、处于工作状态或使用中) 反义词off
例句:1)水龙头都开着。The taps _are___ ___on__.
2)电影开始了。The movie _is___ __on__.
6.turn off关闭(煤气,自来水,电灯等) 反义词turn on
相关短语:take off脱下、起飞 ; fall off…从……掉下来; turn off关上 同义词switch off; break off终止; pay off 付清 ; get off 下车; turn up调高音量; turn down调低音量; turn to求助于
7.quantity n.数量(复数quantities) 同义词number; quality n.品质、质量 ;素质、品德(一般用复数)
短语:a large quantity of +可数名词复数、不可数名词=large quantities of +可数名词复数、不可数名词大量
=an amount of +不可数名词
a small quantity of少量; the quantity of… …的数量
练习:Much of the land was of poor quality. 很多地土质很差。
He shows strong leadership qualities. 他表现出很好的领导素质。
She spent a very large amount of money yesterday.她昨天花了很大一笔钱。
8.experiment n.实验、试验 experience 不可数n.经验 experience 可数n.经历
experimental adj.实验性的、试验性的、根据经验的; experienced adj.熟练的、有经验的、有见识的、有阅历的
短语:do an experiment on 做关于...的实验; at the experimental stage 处于实验(或试验)阶段
be experienced in sth 在某方面有经验
例句:They have to do experiments to find out if the drug is safe for humans.
9.reservoir 可数n.水库
例句:Don’t swim in the reservoir.不要在水库里游泳
10.chemical 可数n.化学品(复数chemicals) ;adj.化学的、含有化学物质的 chemistry 不可数n.化学
chemist n.化学家
例句:People use chemicals to clean water.人们用化学品来净化水
11.through prep.通过
练习:1)We walked ___through______ the forest.
2)We must _____across___ the road very carefully.
3)Look! The man is swimming ___along____ the lake.
12.pipe n.管道(复数pipes)
Water came to the building by pipe.水通过管道进入那幢大楼
13.tap n.水龙头;v.轻拍
短语:tap sb on sth 轻拍某人的… ;tap sb for sth 向某人索取某物;put a tap on sb's phone 在某人的电话上安装窃听器
tap water自来水 fix a dripping tap修理一个滴水的水龙头
14.voice n.嗓音 in a low/loud voice 小声说/大声说 an angry voice一个生气的声音
练习:1)你听到脚步声了吗?Did you hear the __sound____ of footsteps
2)她小声地说话。She spoke in a low __voice____.
3)上课不要制造噪音。Don’t make any __noise____ in class.
15.add v.增加、添加
短语:add...to… 把…加入… 同义词put... in...
add up to 增加到... 合计为...; add up 把...加起来; add sth and sth 把某数和某数相加
练习:用add, add to, add up, add up to的正确形式完成下列句子。
1)The bad weather only __added to______ our difficulties.
2)The numbers ___add up to_____ exactly 1000.
3)He ___added up_____ the bill and found that he had been overcharged.
4)__Add______ a few more names ___to_____ the list.
5)I’d like to ____add____ that we are pleased with the result.
16.change n.给找的零钱、找头、改变(复数changes);v.改变 近义词convert改变、使转化
changing adj.变化的、变换的 反义词unchanged adj.未改变的
exchange vt.更换、以物交换(商品)n.交换、交易
练习:He told the shopkeeper to keep the change.他告诉店主不用找零了
The witch changed the prince into a frog.女巫把王子变成了一只青蛙
17.return n./v.返回(同义词组come back=go back)、归还(同义词组 give …back 反义词borrow借用);
return adj.(票)双程的、往返的、(旅途)返回的
短语:return sth. to sb. = give back sth. to sb.把某物送回......
拓展:re- 动词前缀, “又,再,重新”,例如 tell → retell 复述; start → restart 重新开始
例句:Please return my book to me.请把我的书还给我。
We will return the Earth in a week.我们将在一周内返回地球
18.valuable adj.宝贵的、很有用的 反义词useless/valueless adj.无价值的、没有用的
value n. 价值;v. 重视 be valuable to 对……有用
拓展:-able adj.后缀:可…的,例如value n./v. → valuable; comfort n./v. → comfortable ; drink → drinkable可饮用的
练习:These old letters are very valuable.这些旧信很宝贵
The value of this old watch is more than one million. 这块旧表的价值超过一百万美元
19.分数表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于一时,分母要加s 例如two thirds 三分之二
四分之一:one fourth同义词a quarter; 四分之三:three fourths同义词 three quarters
拓展:当“分数+of+名词/代词”用作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数
练习: Three eighths of the students are digging holes.
Two fifths of the water is dirty.
20.have a shower淋浴 take a bath泡澡 in the bathroom在浴室
21.vapour不可数n.水蒸气 同义词steam
【辨析】steam通常指作为动力的蒸汽或水沸腾后产生的蒸汽或水汽;vapour与steam常可换用,多用于科体文章中,指临界温度下气态的物质
22.bit n. 有点、一点 a bit有点、一点 同义词a little; a bit of water一点水
23.bank(复数banks) n.银行、河岸 banker n.银行家
例句:There is a bank in the centre of the city.市中心有一家银行
24.form v.形成、构成(近义词compose);n.表(近义词list)、类别、形式、形状(近义词shape 复数forms)
formal adj.正式的 反义词informal非正式的 form the clouds形成云
短语:fill in a form 填表; form part of sth 组成某事物的一部分; off form 竞技状态不佳 ;on form 竞技状态良好
练习:In our class, six students form a group在我们班,六个人组成一个小组。
Swimming is a good form of exercise游泳是很好的锻炼方式。
25.stir(stirred-stirred-stirring) v.搅拌;n.搅动、轰动 近义词mix
短语:stir sth into sth 把…搅入… ; to stir sb into action 使某人动起来;
shaken but not stirred (新闻用语)受到轻微影响、受到轻微打击
例句: His film has caused a stir in America.他的电影在美国引起了轰动。
Stir in some cream. Alternatively, use natural yogurt.拌入一些奶油,或者使用天然酸奶。
26.continue v.继续 同义词go on
短语:continue doing sth= go on doing sth 继续做刚才没做完的事; continue to do sth= go on to do sth 继续做下一件事
练习:I continued doing my homework after answering the phone.接完电话后我继续做作业
I continued to do my Maths homework after finishing English.完成英语后我继续做数学作业
27.dry up干涸 dry(dried-dried-drying) adj.变干的;v.变干 反义词 damp潮湿的
例句:The small pool dried up quickly in the burning sun last summer.
Yellow River sometimes dries up in winter 黄河在冬天有时就干涸了
28.pocket money不可数n.零花钱
例句: I received much pocket money.我收到了很多零花钱
29.part of...的一部分
【辨析】part of 和 a part of的区别:part of所表示的是事物的量,可指一半以上,也可指一半以下。通常译为“一部分”。
a part of所表示的也是指事物的量,但一般指较小的量,通常译为“一小部分”,即一半以下。
练习:Taiwan is part of china.台湾是中国的一部分
This piece of glass seems to be (a) part of a lamp.这块玻璃似乎是灯的一部分
Unit6
1.electricity不可数n.电、电流;electric adj.电动的、带电的;electrical adj.与电有关、发电的;electronic adj.电子的
短语:cut off electricity切断电源;electrical system 电路系统;a waste of electricity 浪费电;electrical appliance电器
练习At night these streets are brilliant with a pearly radiance of __electricity______.夜晚,这些街道闪烁着明亮的电光
2.conversation 可数n.对话 同义词talk/discussion converse v.交谈对话 conversely adv.相反地、反面地、对立地
短语:have a conversation with sb 和某人谈话 = converse with sb 与某人交谈
have a conversation about sth 谈论......
练习:I want to have a deep conversation with my parents.我想和我爸妈进行一次深入的谈话。
We had a conversation about how people did that.我们讨论过人们是怎么做到的
3.packet n.包/袋(小) pack v.打包 package n.包装、包裹(大) a packet of sweets一袋糖果
短语:a packet of 一包/袋 ; pack up 打包; in packets 袋装的 a packet of batteries一包电池
例句:You can buy a packet of potato chips.你可以买一包薯片
Children will get money in red packets as a new year’s gift. 孩子们会得到装在红包里的压岁钱作为新年礼物
4. identify(identified-identified-identifying)v.确认、认出、发现 近义词recognize(没有identify正式)
identified adj. 经过鉴定的、被识别的 identification n.确认、鉴定 identifiable adj. 可辨认的
identity n. 身份 identical adj.同样的 identity card 身份证
例句:He identified his homework among hundreds of homework.他在几百份作业中通过字迹认出了自己的作业。
5.rule n.规则(同义词regulation);v. 统治 ruler n.尺子、统治者
短语:follow/obey the rule(s) 遵守规则; break/be against the rule(s) 违反规则
as a rule 通常、一般说来;work to rule (为了抗议而故意)按章工作、变相怠工 ;rule that … 裁定…(后接从句)
练习:I realize that it __C____ the rule, so I won’t do that.
A. against B. break C. is against
6.reply(replied-replied-replying-replies) v./n.回答、报复(行动) 同义词respond、answer
短语:get a reply 得到答复; reply to sb./sth. 回复某人/回应某事=answer...
reply with sth 用…回应、以…回击; in reply 作为回应
练习:He didn’t reply to her question yesterday. 他昨天没有回答她的问题.
7.fool v.愚弄;n.傻子(同义词idiot) foolishly adv.愚蠢地 foolishness n. 愚蠢、愚笨
foolish adj.愚蠢的 同义词 stupid = silly 反义词 聪明的smart =cleaver =bright=wise=intelligent
短语:make fool of 捉弄某人 = make fun of ; April Fool’s Day 愚人节
It is foolish of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是愚蠢的; Stay hungry, stay foolish.求知若饥,虚心若愚(乔布斯座右铭)
拓展:-ish adj.后缀(贬义)“像…一样的” 例如:bookish书呆子的 childish孩子气的 selfish自私的
练习:He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake. 他很生气自己犯了一个如此愚蠢的错误。
It is foolish of _ him to make such an decision. 做这样的决定,他真是太傻了。(完成句子)
( B )He made a foolish mistake.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. harmful B. silly C. dangerous
8.wire可数n.电线 wireless adj.无线的 反义词wired有线的 Wireless Fidelity =WiFi 无线网络
telephone wires电话线
练习:Will you connect this __wire_____to the television
9.battery 可数n.电池、炮台(复数batteries) a storage battery蓄电池
练习:He is charging a storage __battery _____.
10.bulb可数n.电灯泡 例句:The light bulb in the kitchen burnt out.厨房里的灯泡烧坏了
11.cable n.电缆、缆绳 近义词rope a cable car 一辆缆车
例句:the nation's largest cable-TV operator全国最大的有线电视运营商
12.anyone pron.任何人 同义词anybody
常用的不定代词:everything 所有事 something 某事 anything 任何事 nothing 没有什么
everybody 每个人 somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 没人
everyone 每个人 someone 某人 anyone 任何人
注:与some有关的不定代词常用在肯定句,与any有关的不定代词常用在否定或疑问句
anyone“任何人”,只能指人,后面不能与of 连用
any one“任何一个”, 既可以指人也可以指物,可以与of 连用
练习:I don’t need the help of anyone , I can do it by myself.我不需要任何人的帮助,我可以靠自己做到
Choose any one you like;选择任何一个你喜欢的
13.connect v. (使)连接 近义词associate/join together connected adj.相关的、连接的 connection n.关系、联系
短语:connect A to/ with B 把A和B连接起来; be connected to/ with 被连接到……=be joined to...
be connected by 被......所连接; connect a computer to a network 将计算机连接到网络
练习:Please connect the printer to/ with the computer.请把打印机连接到电脑上。
The printer was connected to the computer. 打印机连接到电脑上了。
14.moment n. 片刻、瞬间
固定搭配:wait a moment稍等片刻;at the moment 现在,此刻 同义词 now; a moment ago 刚刚,刚才
for a moment 一会儿;in a moment 立刻、马上,用于表示一般将来时 同义词soon
the moment 一...就...; a moment later过了一会儿
练习:I am reading a book at the moment. 我现在正在读一本书
Please wait a moment . I’ll be quick.请稍等片刻,马上了
He ran out of the house a moment ago .他刚刚跑出了房子
15.cooker n.厨灶、炉具 cook n.厨师;v.烹饪、煮 cookhouse n.厨房 cookery n.烹饪术
cookbook n.菜谱 rice cooker 电饭煲 an electric cooker 电炉灶
练习:I'm not a ____cook__ myself but I am interested in selling __cookers____.我本人不是厨师,但对卖厨具很感兴趣。
A cook is cooking some rice with the cooker now.一个厨师正在用炊具煮米饭。
16.fridge n.冰箱(口语交际) 同义词 refrigerator n.冰箱(更正式)
washing machine洗衣机 air conditioner空调 remote control遥控器
17.power不可数n.能量、权力 ,同义词energy powerful adj.有力的、强大的、有权势的,同义词strong、mighty
固定搭配:power station 发电站 nuclear/water/fire/wind power 核/水/火/风电 power charger 充电器
18.lock n.锁;v.锁上 反义词open打开;unlock v.解锁 locked adj.锁定的 locker n.储物柜
lock up 把...锁起来 lock the door锁门 unlock the door 开门
例句:Don't forget to lock the door before you leave the room.离开教室前不要忘了锁门
19.test v.测试(同义词examine); n.测试,近义词exam、 quiz(注意:期中期末入学大考用exam,小测试考查用test)
test one's eyesight 测试某人的视力
例句:He did perfectly in the test.他这次测试很完美。
The teacher tests us every week.老师每周都测试我们
20.tidy(tidied-tidied-tidying)v.使整洁,同义词clean;adj.整洁的 同义词neat 反义词messy/untidy;
tidiness n.干净整洁; tidy up整理、收拾 =clean up
例句:Please tidy your room up. 收拾一下你的房间吧。
21.touch v.触摸、碰; n.接触 toucher n.触摸者
touching adj.令人感动的(事); touched adj.受感动的(人) touchable adj.可触的
短语:get/keep in touch with sb. 与…保持联系; lose touch with sb. 与…失去联系
例句:We must keep in touch with each other after graduation毕业后大家要经常联系。
22.in a way 在某种程度上,同义词in one way = in some way=to some degree
固定搭配:in the way妨碍、挡道; on the way在途中、在路上= on one’s way to in no way决不
by the way顺便问一下; all the way一直; in no way 绝不; in this way 用这样的方式
练习:I lost my bag on my way home.在回家的路上我包丢了
In a way , I think you are right.在某种程度上,我认为你是对的
By the way , where is the market 顺便问一下,超市在哪
He kept talking all the way他一直在交谈
23.unplug v.拔插座 反义词 plug n. 塞子、插头;v. 塞、插上插头
24.know about = learn about 了解,知道
例句: I learn/know about China which has a long history . 我了解中国是一个有悠久历史的国家