中考英语话题复习—饮食、卫生与健康专题(词汇+句式+范文)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
　饮食、卫生与健康(词汇+句式+范文)
一．话题词汇
【食物和饮料】
1. 食物food　 2. 大米rice 　
3. 面条noodle 4. 汉堡包hamburger　
5. 鸡肉chicken 　 6. 牛肉beef
7. 肉类meat　 8. 鱼肉fish　
9. 猪肉pork 10. 饺子dumpling　
11. 鸡蛋egg　 12. 汤soup
13. 蛋糕cake　 14. 巧克力chocolate　　
15. 糖果candy 16. 食糖sugar　
17. 面包bread　　 18. 三明治sandwich
19. 蔬菜vegetable　　 20. 西红柿tomato　　
21. 卷心菜cabbage 22. 土豆potato　　
23. 奶酪cheese　　 24. 沙拉salad
25. 饮料drink　　 26. 咖啡coffee　　
27. 牛奶milk 28. 果汁juice 　　
29. 橙子；橙汁orange　　 30. 可乐饮料cola
【餐具】
1. 勺；调羹spoon　 2. 刀knife　
3. 餐叉fork 4. 玻璃杯glass　
5. 瓶子bottle　 6. 篮子basket
7. 筷子chopstick　 8. 盘子plate　
9. 碗bowl 10. 碟；盘dish
【身体部位】
1. 身体body　　 2. 大脑brain　
3. 眼睛eye 4. 脸face　
5. 脚foot　 6. 头发hair
7. 手hand　 8. 头head　
9. 耳朵ear 10. 肩；肩膀shoulder　　
11. 手臂arm　　 12. 手指finger
13. 背部back　 14. 心脏heart　
15. 膝盖knee 16. 腿leg　
17. 嘴mouth　　 18. 脖子neck
19. 鼻子nose　　 20. 胃；腹部stomach
【疾病与医疗】
1. 病；疾病 disease/illness 　 2. 牙疼toothache　　
3. 疼痛pain 4. 咳嗽cough　
5. 发烧fever　 6. 癌症cancer
7. 头疼 headache　 8. 胃疼stomachache　
9. 感冒cold 10. 瞎的 blind　
11. 聋的 deaf　 12. 虚弱的 weak
13. 有病的；患病的 sick　 14. 不健康的 unhealthy　
15. 病人 patient 16. 药medicine　
17. 手术operation　　 18. 治疗；疗法treatment
19. 医学的；医疗的medical　　 20. 医生 doctor　　
21. 护士 nurse 22. 医院 hospital　　
23. 救；拯救 save　　 24. 伤口 wound
【体育健身及其他】
1. 散步；步行walk 　　　　　　　 2. 慢跑jog　　　　　　
3. 徒步旅行；远足hike 4. 游泳swim　
5. 跑 run　 6. 锻炼exercise
7. 健康的healthy/fit　　 8. 保持 keep/stay　
9. 菜单menu 10. 早餐breakfast　　
11. 午餐lunch　　 12. 晚餐supper
13. (中午或晚上吃的)正餐dinner　　 14. 饱的full　　
15. 口渴的thirsty 16. 饥饿的hungry　
17. 点餐order　　 18. 服务serve
19. 吃eat　　 20. 品尝taste　　
21. 烹调；煮cook 22. 切cut　　
23. 嗅；闻smell　　 24. 酸的sour
25. 甜的sweet　　 26. 咸的salty　　
27. 苦的bitter 28. 美味的delicious
二、佳句欣赏与运用
◆谚语类
1.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果，医生远离我。
2.Health is the first wealth.健康是第一财富。
3.Early to bed，early to rise，makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise.早睡早起使人健康、富裕和睿智。
◆饮食与健康类
1. So precious is health that we cannot afford to lose it.
健康如此重要, 以至于我们承受不起失去它的代价。
2. By taking proper exercise, you will be able to keep fit.
通过适当的运动, 你就能保持健康。
3. On no account can we ignore the value of health.
我们决不能忽视健康的价值。
4. All in all, we can come to the conclusion that health is better than wealth.
总之, 我们可以得出结论——健康胜于财富。
5. Recently, the problem of health has aroused people’s great concern.
最近, 健康问题已经引起人们极大的关注。
6. According to the survey, more than 50% of the American teenagers are overweight.
根据调查可知, 超过50%的美国青少年都过胖。
7. Listening to music is a good way to get relaxed and stay healthy. 听音乐是放松和保持健康的好方法。
8. Among various kinds of food, I like pizza best.
在各种食物当中, 我最喜欢比萨饼。
随着5月20日“全国学生营养日”的到来，《21世纪英文报》正在开展对中学生早餐情况的调查。请你根据以下的调查结果，用英语写一篇短文进行投稿，倡导营养早餐。
学生比例 早餐情况 健康状况
55% 每天吃丰富的早餐 身体健康，精力充沛
25% 吃垃圾食品 偶尔生病
20% 不吃早餐 感到饥饿，上课无法认真听讲，经常生病
要求：
1．必须包含表格内所有信息；
2．文中不得出现与你相关的信息；
3．词数不少于80。
【审题指导】这是一篇调查报告。写此类作文时通常要把握以下几点：1.要认真解读表格，整理要点，决定语言形式；2.开头须直截了当，尽快入题，不要拐弯抹角、拖泥带水；3.用最有把握的词语、句型将规定内容加以表达，并结合表格阐述自己的观点，注意适当使用一些过渡性词语；4.结论性表达一定要从表格信息分析或数据归纳而来，切忌主观判断，主观臆造。
【写作导图】
【作文失分点与句子升格】
◎失分点
调查报告类作文对大部分学生而言有些困难(建议学生好好学习八上课本P13 Unit 2、2b内容)，一般来说，易失分的地方主要有：
1．开头不知如何起笔；
2．没有遵循调查数据，脱离了图表内容；
3．结尾阐述自己的观点时，没有突显主题，对应开头；
4．语料(词块和语块)准备不足，使用的句式比较单一，缺乏个性。
◎句子升格(答案均在【佳作欣赏】中加粗体现)
1．About 55 percent of the students have good breakfast every day.(用“wonderful”和“have…for breakfast”升格句子)
________________________________________________________________________
2．Their eating habits are bad.They sometimes fall ill.(用“so…that…”将两句合并为一句)
________________________________________________________________________
3．We should have breakfast and eat right kinds of food.(用“It's necessary for sb.to do sth.”升格句子)
________________________________________________________________________
Breakfast Is Important
【佳作欣赏】
Breakfast Is Important
There is no doubt that breakfast is important.Recently we did a survey about breakfast in our school.Here are the results.
To our surprise，only about 55 percent of the students have wonderful meals for breakfast every day.They always keep healthy and are full of energy.25 percent of them just have junk food.They don't have a balanced diet.Their eating habits are so bad that they sometimes fall ill.20 percent of the students go to school without eating breakfast.As a result，these students often feel hungry in class and can't listen to teachers carefully.What's worse，they get ill easily.
In my view，it's necessary for us to have breakfast and eat right kinds of food.With healthy breakfast，we can save enough energy for the whole morning study.
二
同学们马上就要进入高中了，你们将迎来更多的机遇和挑战。你准备好了吗？你认为哪些良好的习惯可以帮助你在高中阶段更上一层楼？请结合下面图表写一篇发言稿。
提示：1.短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚， 行文连贯，可适当发挥想象；
2.短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；
3.词数不少于80，开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear students，
Have you got ready for the senior high school life Now let me tell you something about how to get good habits in your new study life.________________________________
I hope you will form a good habit and enjoy your new school life.
Yours，
Li Hua
【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：
1．这是一篇发言稿，应使用第一人称阐述我们应该具体怎么做来养成健康的习惯；
2．根据图表提示，可以从学习习惯和生活习惯两大方面来写：学习习惯可分为课堂习惯和课外习惯，如上课集中注意力听讲，课后要对功课制定计划等方面来展开说明；生活习惯则从饮食习惯、睡眠习惯等方面来展开说明；
3．可以适当发挥想象再补充一两点。
【写作模板】
【高分范文】
Dear students，
Have you got ready for the senior high school life Now let me tell you something about how to get good habits in your new study life. A healthy and happy life starts
with good living habits.Firstly, we should have good eating habits.We should have three meals on time.Try to eat different kinds of vegetables and fruit.Secondly, we should have a good sleeping habit—get up early and go to
bed early.
We should also form good learning habits.It's important for us senior high school students to make full use of time.In class we should listen to teachers carefully.After class, we'd better make a plan for our study, then follow it strictly.
I hope you will form a good habit and enjoy your new school life.
Yours，
Li Hua
一
一场疫情悄然改变着我们的生活习惯。假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike想了解你们目前的用餐情况及你的看法，请你写一封电子邮件回复他。
要求：
1．内容应包含所给提示词；
2．内容应包括餐前、餐中、餐后的情况介绍及你的看法；
3．文中不得出现真实的人名和校名；词数80—100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：公筷serving/public chopsticks；病毒viruses；减少传染reduce infections
Dear Mike，
How's everything going I'd like to tell you our lives have changed a lot because of the COVID 19.For dining habits，most people wash their hands carefully before meals. They use public chopsticks instead of their own when they get food.They keep a safe distance when they eat together.And they don't talk loudly any more.After meals，they often wear masks and take a walk
In my opinion，these changes are good for us, especially using public chopsticks. We should use them in order to reduce infections. It can protect us from catching viruses.So we can live a safer and healthier life. And I think it will become a daily habit that everyone should follow.
Looking forward to hearing from you！
Yours，
Li Hua
二
现在，戴眼镜的学生越来越多。为此，国家把每年的6月6日定为爱眼日。请根据下面的图表信息，以“How to Protect Our Eyes”为题，写一篇英语短文。内容包括：多吃有益于眼睛健康的食物、多做眼保健操、养成良好的用眼习惯。
提示：1. 短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯；
2. 短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；
3. 词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
How to Protect Our Eyes 1. eat foods that are good for eyes
2. do more eye exercises
3. develop a good eye using habit
How to Protect Our Eyes
Nowadays, more and more students are getting nearsighted, so National Sight Day is celebrated on June 6 every year. As we all know, eyes are the windows of the soul. We should try our best to protect them. Here are some suggestions to protect our eyes.
First, eat some foods that are good for eyes, such as carrots and eggs. Second, do more eye exercises to make them relax. Also, it's helpful to look far away from time to time after studying long. Finally, make sure to have a good eye using habit. Don't read books or use a cell phone in bed.
In a word, eyes are so important that all of us should do what we can to keep them healthy.
三
最近, 育才中学有很多学生因为感冒请病假。因此学校对 100名学生感冒的原因进行了抽样调查, 下图是此调查的统计结果。
　　请你用两段话写一篇短文, 第一段简要说明图表内容, 第二段从图表中选出一个最可能使你感冒的原因, 并给出你预防感冒的建议。
　　要求: (1)词数不少于80词; (2)短文开头已给出, 不计入总词数; (3)文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。
　　Yucai Middle School did a survey among 100 students about the reasons why they have a cold. Here are the results. _____________________________________
【写作范文】
　　Yucai Middle School did a survey among 100 students about the reasons why they have a cold. Here are the results. Fifty-five students have a cold because they drink little water. Twenty-two students sleep too late, so they catch a cold. Thirteen students wear thin clothes and they catch a cold. And ten students catch a cold because of being infected.
I usually have a cold because I sleep too late. I often forget time when I sit in front of the computer or TV. As a result, I sleep late at night. To stay away from the cold, I think we should go to bed early and have a good rest. Also, we should drink enough water and take much exercise.
（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）
自教育部等十七部门联合印发《全面加强和改进新时代学生心理健康工作专项行动计划（2023—2025）》以来，越来越多的人开始关注青少年的健康。某英语网站拟举办一次以“How to Live a Healthy Life”为题的征文比赛。作为青少年，我们该如何健康生活？请根据下表要点提示，从如何保持身体健康和心理健康两方面写一篇英语短文投稿。
身体健康 心理健康
坚持锻炼 拥有自信
保证睡眠 保持好心情
…… ……
写作要求：
（1）文中必须包含表格中所给的要点，另对任意一方面补充一条你自己的观点；
（2）条理清晰，字迹工整，词数不少于80。开头已经给出，但不计入总词数；
（3）文中不得出现真实人名和地名等相关信息。
参考词汇：physical health 身体健康 psychological health 心理健康
How to Live a Healthy Life
Nowadays, more and more people have come to focus on teenagers’ health. The followings are my opinions about how we teenagers live a healthy life.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
How to Live a Healthy Life
Nowadays, more and more people have come to focus on teenagers’ health. The following are my opinions about how we teenagers live a healthy life.
Firstly, we must keep healthy. We should have a balanced diet. This means eating different kinds of food and lots of fresh fruit and vegetables. We’d better play sports at least one hour every day. Exercise makes us stronger and helps us relax. We should get at least eight hours’ sleep at night, so that we can have enough energy to study.
Secondly, we have to be mentally healthy. We must be confident and have good moods every day.
Finally, be happy. Happiness is important for our health. If you are worried about something, try to solve it as soon as possible.
To sum up, health is wealth. Keeping healthy is very important for us. I hope everybody can live a healthy life.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：要求以“How to Live a Healthy Life”为题，结合提示内容进行写作，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，引出自己对青少年如何过健康生活的看法；
第二步，具体阐述写作内容，从身体健康和心理健康两个方面重点介绍；
第三步，书写结语。
[亮点词汇]
①keep healthy保持健康
②different kinds of不同种类的
③be worried about担心
④sum up总结
[高分句型]
①We should get at least eight hours’ sleep at night, so that we can have enough energy to study.（so that引导的目的状语从句）
②If you are worried about something, try to solve it as soon as possible.（if引导的条件状语从句）
（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）
健康对每个人都很重要，我们应该学会如何保持健康。请以“How to keep healthy ”为题，写一篇英语短文，向学校校刊投稿。
要求：
1．文章必须包含以下表格中的至少4个要点信息，可适当发挥；
2．文中不得出现真实的地名，校名和人名等信息；
3．词数80左右；文章开头已给出，但不计入总词数。
should (√) shouldn’t (x)
do sports every day refuse to exercise
keep a balanced diet have junk food
eat fruit and vegetables stay up too late
have enough sleep play computer games a lot
keep happy sit for a long time
... ...
How to keep healthy
Nowadays, people pay much more attention to health. It is necessary for everyone to learn some ways to keep healthy.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
How to keep healthy
Nowadays, people pay much more attention to health. It is necessary for everyone to learn some ways to keep healthy.
We should do sports every day. We shouldn’t refuse to exercise. Running for an hour every day is good for health. We should keep a balanced diet. Eat more fruit and vegetables. We shouldn’t have junk food, because they are bad for health. We had better not stay up too late. Getting enough sleep is helpful. We shouldn’t paly computer games a lot. It is bad for our eyes. Sitting for a long time is also bad for our health. We may feel pain in our shoulders and backs. We should have a happy mood. We can keep happy by listening to music and talking to our friends.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。
[写作步骤]
第一步，引出本文“如何保持健康”的主题；
第二步，根据提示材料提出建议。
[亮点词汇]
①pay attention to 注意
②keep healthy 保持健康
③refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
④keep a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食
⑤be bad for 对……有坏处
[高分句型]
①It is necessary for everyone to learn some ways to keep healthy.（动词不定式作主语）
②We shouldn’t have junk food, because they are bad for health. （because引导原因状语从句）