Unit 8 Natural disasters
核心话题 自然灾害
重点词汇 up, earthquake, coach, flood, village, storm, shake, loud, fear, while, heart, beat, mind,
since, still, alive, dark, shout, daylight, asleep, after, direction, nervous, safe, rule,
railway, bum, daughter, board, headache, countryside
重点短语 1．natural disasters 自然灾害
2．thousands of people 成千上万的人
3．crash into 撞上
Unit8 4．wash away 冲走
5. a heavy storm with thunder and lightning 一场雷电交加的大风暴
6．feel a slight shake 感觉到轻微的震动
7．in all directions 四面八方
8．come down 崩塌，坍塌
9．not．．．at all 一点也不
10．find one’s way out 找到出路
11．scream in fear 恐惧地尖叫
12．run out of 从······中跑出来
13．be trapped 被困住了
14. hear some noise above me 听到我上面有些噪音
15．move away 移走
16．on the side of the road 在路边
17．as．．．as possible 尽可能······
18. cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel 用湿毛巾捂住你的嘴巴和鼻子
19. stay low to the ground 贴近地面
20. follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则
21. keep your hand in cold water 把你的手放在冷水里
22．fall over 摔倒
重点句型 1. Who will mop up the water if I go home without you
2. Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire.
3. I was sleeping when the earthquake started.
4. A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was
still alive.
5. Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move.
6. My dad's car broke down because of the cold weather.
7. When/While/As Millie was watching TV. Andy came into the room.
8. We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and traffic
accidents.
9. First, you should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes.
10. I was doing my homework in the class-room when Mr. Wu came in and told us to go
home early.
语法 过去进行时
写作 自然灾害与人身安全
考点 1 . thousands of
thousand; hundred; million; billion 等数词，当与基数词连用表达确定数量时，要用单数形式，并且后面
不接 of；当表达概数时，要用复数形式，且后面接 of。例如：
Our school is so famous that hundreds of people come and visit it every day.我们学校太有名了以至于每天
有数百人来参观。
The volunteer sent two hundreds of books to a mountain village school on Children’s Day.这些志愿者在儿童
节这一天给一所山里的乡村学校送去了二百本书。
【经典练】
1．（2021 秋·天津和平·八年级天津一中校考期中）You can see ________ stars if you go out at night.
A．thousand B．thousands of C．million D．million of
2．（2022 秋·天津河东·八年级统考期末）Every year ________ people come to our city to visit the museum.
A．thousands of B．thousand of C．thousand D．thousands
【写作佳句】（2022·山东东营·统考中考真题）Bing Dwen Dwen, a mascot (吉祥物) for Beijing 2022 Winter
Olympics, is so cute that tens of thousands of people would like to get one.北京 2022 年冬奥会吉祥物冰墩墩是如
此可爱，以至于成千上万的人都想得到一个。
考点 2. beat
beat 是及物动词，有以下用法：
(1) 意为“赢；打败；战胜”，后接人或某一团队、组织等，其过去式为 beat。例如：
I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。
(2) 意为“打；击”，表示连续不断的打击。例如：
Who is beating the drum 谁在打鼓？
(3) 表示“（心脏）等跳动”。例如：
I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。
【拓展】
beat 和 win 都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：
beat 的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而 win 的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为 won。例如：
Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。
Who win the first prize in the competition 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？
【经典练】
1．（2021 秋·天津北辰·八年级校考期中）No.9 Middle School ________ No.2 Middle School in the football match
yesterday.
A．passed B．lost C．won D．beat
2．No.5 Middle School _______ No. 20 Middle School in the basketball match yesterday.
A．passed B．lost C．beat D．won
【写作佳句】（2021·山西·统考中考真题）— China’s women’s soccer team beat Team South Korea on April 13th.
I wonder how they won the game .— They never gave up and fought to the last minute in the game.——4 月 13 日，
中国女足击败了韩国队。我想知道她们是如何获胜的。——她们永不放弃，奋战到最后一分钟。
考点 3. asleep
asleep 是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”，在句中常作表语而不能作定语。例如：
He was asleep when I saw him. 当我看见他时，他在睡觉。
【拓展】
(1) 类似的表语形容词均以 a 开头的有：afraid 害怕的；alike 相像的；alone 独自的，孤独的；awake 醒着
的。
(2) “熟睡”只能说 fast/ sound asleep 而不用 very asleep。
(3) fall asleep 意为“入睡”，fall 用作系动词，asleep 作表语。
【经典练】
1．The little girl stayed up late yesterday and she felt ________ today, she is afraid she’ll fall ________ in class.
A．asleep, sleep B．sleepy, asleep C．sleep, sleepy
【写作佳句】（2020·重庆·统考中考真题）Don't drink coffee before going to bed, or you won't fall asleep easily.
睡觉之前不要喝咖啡，否则你很难入睡。
考点 4. because of
because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如：
He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
【拓展】
(1) because 意为“因为”，表示直接原因。它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来
回答 why 的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。例如：
I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我待在家里。
Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。
— Why is she absent 她为什么缺席
— Because she is sick. 因为她病了。
(2) because of 和 because 是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because 的后面用句子；because
of 的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如：
I was late this morning because I missed the first bus. 我今天早上迟到是因为我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
We couldn’t have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain. 我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因
为下雨了。
【经典练】
1．I was late for school ________ the bad weather.
A．but B．because of C．because D．and
2．（2022 秋·安徽六安·八年级统考期中）We didn’t hold the football match ________ the heavy rain.
A．because B．because of C．since D．about
【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Because of pollution, this lake is now too harmful to support fish.由于
污染，这个湖现在太有害了，不能养鱼。
考点 5. happen
happen 是不及物动词，它的用法有：
(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。例如：
The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在 2008 年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如：
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。
What happened to you 你怎么啦？
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
【拓展】happen 和 take place 的辨析：
(1) happen 指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。例如：
What happened to him 他出了什么事？
(2) take place 常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发
生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
注意：happen 和 take place 均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【经典练】
1．（2022 秋·辽宁丹东·八年级统考期中）— A bad thing ________ in the street just now. An old man fell down
and a car hit him.
— So terrible. I’m sorry to hear that.
A．made B．gave C．decided D．happened
【写作佳句】（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）If you don’t think something will happen and then it happens, you
will feel surprised.如果你认为某事不会发生，然后它发生了，你会感到惊讶。
考点 6. while
(1) while 是连词，它的意思是“当……时候, 和……同时”。例如：
Our friends arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。
【拓展】
(1) while 和 when 是同义词，while 后面的动词是延续性的、可持续性的；when 的后面可以是延续性的
动词，也可以是非延续性的动词。例如：
I was watching TV when he arrived. 他到的时候我在看电视。（不能用 while）
While / When I was cooking, my mother got home. 我做饭时，我妈妈到家了。
(2) while 还可作并列连词，表示两者之间的对比。when 也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作正在进行，突然
发生了另一动作。例如：
I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。（不能用
when）
I was fishing by the river when someone called for help.（不能用 while）我正在河边钓鱼，突然有人求救。
【经典练】
1．（2023 秋·天津红桥·八年级统考期末）They were singing ________ we were dancing.
A．if B．because C．until D．while
2．（2023 秋·天津·八年级校考期末）Tom was playing under the tree ________ his sister was reading.
A．while B．so C．after D．before
【写作佳句】（2023·天津·统考中考真题）While we are singing an English song, some visitors came to our class.
当我们正在唱一首英文歌时，一些来访者来到我们班。
考点 7. mind
mind 作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、
代词、动词-ing 形式或从句。例如：
Would you mind opening the window 你介意打开窗户吗？
Don’t mind me.不要管我。
【拓展】
(1) mind 还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如：
He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。
Tom changed his mind at last. 最后 Tom 改变了主意。
(2) 后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：
完成，实践，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；
考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）；
错过，习惯，（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；
继续，喜欢，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。
【经典练】
1．—Would you mind ________ some chocolate
—Sorry, I have made up my mind ________ weight.
A．to have; to lose B．having; losing C．having; to lose D．to have; losing
【写作佳句】They often work very hard for little money, but they do not mind.他们经常为了很少的钱而努力工
作，但他们并不介意。
考点 8. since
since 可作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如：
I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。
I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。
【拓展】
since 还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如：
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
【经典练】
1．（2021 秋·天津河西·八年级校考期中）Mr. Wang ________ English in this school ________ he moved to the
city.
A．has taught; for B．taught; since C．taught; for D．has taught; since
2．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use.
A．unless B．since C．if D．when
【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）We have been friends since I came to this school.自从我来到这
所学校，我们就一直是朋友。
考点 9. alive
alive 形容词“活的”，一般用作表语；如果用作定语，则需要放在被修饰的名词后面。
No man alive is greater than he. 活着的人没有一个比他更伟大的。
His mother is dead, but his father is still living /alive. 他的妈妈去世了，但他爸爸还活着。
【拓展】辨析：lively, alive, live 与 living
这四个词都可用作形容词，异同点如下：
(1) lively 常用作定语或表语，“充满活力的，活泼的，有生气的”。例如：
She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是个充满活力的年轻女性，富有忍耐力和
想象力。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.他有一种奇妙的方法，使他的课堂生动有
趣。
(2) alive 常作表语或后置定语，“有生命的，活的”。例如：
He was alive when they took him to the hospital.人们把他送到医院时他还活着。
(3) live 作定语，“活的，有生命的（主要用来指鸟或其他动物）；现场的，直播的”。例如：
Look! These is a live fish in the pool.看！池子里有一条活鱼。
We watched a live television show. 我们观看了一场电视现场直播的表演。
(4) living 意为“活的，健在的”。例如：
His grandpa is still living at the age of 96. 他爷爷 96 岁了，仍然健在。
【经典练】
1．The painting is interesting. The people in it look real. They seem to be ________.
A．live B．alive C．living D．lively
2．—The little girl was lucky to stay ________ after the snowstorm(暴风雪).
—It’s so amazing.
A．alive B．live C．lives D．lively
【写作佳句】（2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）The documentary For the Sake of Peace（《为了和平》）brings the
War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (抗美援朝战争) alive on screen.纪录片《为了和平》将抗美援朝战
争鲜活地呈现在银幕上。
考点 10 see
10.… I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road.
本句中用了 see sb. doing sth.的结构，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看见的动作正在进行。例如：
I saw him repairing his bike. 我看见他正在修他的自行车。
【拓展】
(1) see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调看到了动作的全过程。例如：
I saw him repair his bike.我看见他修了他的自行车。
(2) 能用 do 或 doing 做宾语补足语的词还有：feel; hear; watch; notice 等。例如：
I often heard him play the piano in his room when I was young.当我小的时候，我经常听见他在房间里弹钢琴。
I noticed some birds singing. 我注意到一些鸟在歌唱。
【经典练】
1．（2022 秋·天津河东·八年级校考期中）We plan ________ the traditional Beijing Opera.
A．see B．to see C．seeing D．saw
【写作佳句】（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）While everyone was laughing at the comics page, I picked up a
copy to see what was so funny.当每个人都在笑漫画页时，我拿起一本，想看看是什么这么好笑。
考点 11 as soon as possible
11. Try to get out as soon as possible.
(1) as … as possible 意为“尽可能的……”，as … as 中间加形容词或者副词的原级。例如：
I hope my marks would be as high as possible. 我希望我的分数尽可能地高。
He picked as many apples as possible in the apple garden. 他在果园摘了尽可能多的苹果。
(2) as soon as possible 意为“尽快，尽早”，与 as soon as one can/could 同义。例如：
I will tell him as soon as possible. = I will tell him as soon as I can.
【经典练】
1．Miss Gao asked us to go to the office _________.
A．as much as possible B．more quickly than she
C．as soon as possible D．as much as we can
【写作佳句】In order to send the donations（捐赠物）to the hospital as soon as possible, the drivers hardly stopped
to eat or rest during the journey.为了尽快把捐赠物送到医院，司机们在旅途中几乎没有停下来吃饭或休息。
考点 12 keep
12. …about keeping ourselves safe from fires.
本句中用了“keep + 名词 / 代词+ 形容词”的结构，意为“使……保持某种状态”。例如：
Keep the door open, please. 请让门开着。
【拓展】
(1) keep 作动词，意思是“保持”，常见的结构为“keep+形容词/动词-ing 形式”，意为“使某物保持某种状
态”。例如：
The cat keeps running after the rat, trying to catch it. 那只猫一直在追赶老鼠，想要抓住它。
I need to keep fit. 我需要保持健康。
Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。
(2) keep sb. doing sth.，表示“让某人一直做某事”。 例如：
You keep me waiting for half an hour. 你让我等了半个小时。
(3) keep 的相关短语：
keep up with 跟上，赶上
keep a shop 开商店
keep an eye on 照看
【经典练】
1．（2022 秋·江苏宿迁·八年级统考期末）It was so cold outside, so we had to make a fire ________ warm.
A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept
【写作佳句】（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）To keep healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals
and using public chopsticks.为了保持健康，我们已经习惯饭前洗手和使用公共筷子。
考点 13 try
13. I tried my best to run out too…
try one’s best to do sth.是动词短语，意为“努力或尽力去做某事”，相当于 try to do sth.。例如：
We tried our best to help the people in the village. 我们设法帮助那个村庄的人。
They should try their best to finish the work on time. 他们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。
【拓展】
try one’s best to do sth.表示尽自己最大能力做某事, 强调的是要设法、想法的意思，等同于 try to do sth.；
try doing sth.表示尝试着做某事，强调尽力去做，尝试去做。例如：
He tries to get the apple above the shelf，but fails to reach it.他尽力去够架子上的苹果，但是没够着。
After a while, Tom comes in and tries showing his ability. 一会儿后，汤姆进来试着展示他的能力。
He tired climbing the tall tree. 他试着爬上了那棵搞的树。
I will try my best to do this work. 我将尽力去做这份工作。
【经典练】
1．（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）I was full, ________ the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.
A．and B．but C．so D．or
【写作佳句】（2020·四川资阳·中考真题）Children should have dreams and try to make them come true.孩子们
应该有梦想，并努力让梦想成真。
考点 14 not....at all
14. I could not see anything at all…
not…at all 意为“根本不，一点也不”，，用于否定句中，加强语气。例如：
He doesn’t like meat at all. 他根本不喜欢吃肉。
【拓展】Not at all.在口语中经常用到，有以下用法：
(1) 用来表示否定（是 No 的加强说法），表示“一点也不，完全不”。例如：
— Are you busy 你忙吗？
— Not at all. 一点也不忙。
(2) 用于回答感谢，表示“不用谢；不客气”。例如：
— Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
— Not at all. 别客气。
(3) 用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话，表示“没什么；哪里，哪里”。例如：
— You are very kind. 你真好。
— Not at all. 没什么。
(4) 用于回答道歉，表示“没关系”。例如：
— I’m sorry I’m late. 对不起，我迟到了。
— Oh, not at e in, please. 哦，没关系，请进。
一．过去进行时
过去进行时的概念和用法:
（一）定义： 过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
（二）结构：was/were +doing (现在分词）
否定式：was / were not + doing
was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t
疑问句：将 was / were 调到主语前，结构为：Was/Were+主语+verb-ing
回答：Yes, 主语+was/were.
No, 主语+ was not/wasn’t. were not/weren’t.
（三）用法
1. 常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when,
while 例如：
【例题精讲】
例 1. We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
例 2. It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
例 3. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。
2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
【例题精讲】
例 1. What was she doing at nine o’clock yesterday 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点)
例 2. When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when 从句表示时间点)
【知识梳理 2】while\when\as 与过去进行时
1. when, while 和 as 这三个词都有“当………时候”的意思。
【例题精讲】
例 1. There were fewer sandstorms when my grandparents were young. 我祖父母年轻时沙尘暴要少些。
例 2. While Mille was watching TV, her mum was sleeping.米莉在看电视时，妈妈在睡觉。
例 3. I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning.今天早晨我骑自行车时看到一起交通事故。
2. when 和 as 既可以指某一点时间，也可以指某一段时间，其从句谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的，
也可以是延续性的；while 指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。
即：指一段时间时 when, while 和 as 都可用；指一点时间时，只能用 when 或 as，不能用 while。
【例题精讲】
例. 试比较：
1. When/As he woke up, it was eight o’clock.(对)
2. While he woke up, it was eight o’clock.（错）
3. When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her.（错）
3.当 while , when 和 as 放在句首时，两个句子应用逗号隔开。
【例题精讲】
例 1. When the teacher came in, we were talking.
例 2. While the pig was dancing, the rabbit was jumping.
例 3. As the two men were leaving, a message arrived.
写作主题：自然灾害与人身安全
一、话题分析
本单元的话题是“自然灾害与人身安全”，要求学生能根据相关信息提示简单地介绍一种自然灾害或者人
身安全或灾害防范的基本常识，内容包括自然灾害或者突发事件发生的时间、地点、经过和结果、人身安
全或灾害防范的各方面注意事项等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点：
1. 能用过去进行时描述自然灾害或者突发事件发生的经过；
2. 能用 when,while,as 等连词连接句子；
3. 能正确使用标点符号；
4. 能正确书写英语句子。
二、写作步骤
步骤一：确定介绍一种自然灾害或者人身安全或灾害防范的基本常识的内容和顺序。
步骤二：列举介绍一种自然灾害或者人身安全或灾害防范的基本常识的句型，多多益善。
步骤三：成段成篇，修改完善。
三、词汇积累
1 wake up 醒来
2 crash into 撞上……
3 fall from 从……上跌落下来
4 mop up 把……拖干净
5 wash away 冲走
6 catch fire 着火
7 feel a slight shake 感到轻微震动
8 run out of 从……中跑出
9 in all directions 四面八方
10 come down 坍塌
11 not…at all 一点也不
12 a moment of fear 片刻的恐惧
13 calm down 冷静下来
14 shout for help 呼救
15 move away 移开
16 find one’s way out 找到出路
17 at last 最后，终于
18 break down 出故障，坏掉
19 because of 因为，由于
20 as…as possible 尽可能
四、句型积累
1 Who will mop up the water if I go home without you 如果你不跟我回家，谁将拖干水呢？
2 There was a heavy storm with thunder and lighting. 有一场暴风雨，电闪雷鸣。
3 Lighting hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 闪电击中了一栋教学楼，并引发了火灾。
4 I was sleeping when the earthquake started. 地震发生时我正在睡觉。
5 Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were failing down. 外面，人们四
处奔跑，成片的玻璃与砖头纷纷落下。
6 A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑海里闪
过片刻的恐惧，但我告诉自己要冷静，因为自己还活着。
7 Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. 幸运的是，有足够的空间来容我移动。
8 …I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me. 当我正在尽力寻找出路时，我突然
听到楼上有嘈杂声。
五、写作训练
1．每个人的生命只有一次，一定要珍爱自己的生命。该怎样保护自己 请根据以下提示，以"How to protect
ourselves"为标题写一篇发言稿.
交通：外出时遵守交通规则
安全对每个人都很重
食品:吃健康食物，少吃垃圾食品
要
活动:进行体育锻炼时，不要弄伤自己 不私自下河游泳
交友需谨慎 远离危险之人
自我保护是重要技能 尽可能避免受伤
遇到危险要保持冷
之一 然后要及时报警或向老师、家长求助 害
静
保证自己的安全
参考词汇：
safety, traffic rules, hurt oneself, without permission, self-protection, stay away from. . , be careful, be in danger,
keep calm, call. . for help
要求∶
1）语言表达准确，短文连贯、通顺。
2）短文应包括表格中所有内容，可适当发挥，不要逐句翻译。
3）词数 80 左右。文章开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。
How to protect ourselves
Dear friends,
Everyone has only one life, so we should treasure our lives. But how can we protect ourselves Here are some
suggestions.
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
In a word, we should try our best to protect ourselves and value our lives.
That's all. Thank you!
Unit 8 Natural disasters
一．重点词组赏析
1. natural disasters 自然灾害 17. be still alive 仍然活着
2. be all wet 全湿了 18. be trapped 被困住的
3. wake up 醒来 19. find one’s way out 找到出路
4. mop up the water 把水拖干净 20. keep sb safe 保持某人安全
5. crash into a tree 撞到树上 21. soon after…在…之后不久
6. wash away 冲走 22. a terrible snowstorm 一场可怕的暴风雪
7. start a big fire 引起一场大火 23. break down（车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉
8. catch fire 着火 24. fall over 跌倒
9. be asleep 睡着 25. get out as soon as possible 尽早逃出去
10. scream in fear 恐惧的尖叫 26. cover one’s month with a wet towel 用一块湿毛
11. in all directions 四面八方 巾盖住嘴巴
12. pieces of glass and bricks 玻璃块和砖块 27. protect oneself from thick smoke 保护自己免受
e down 崩塌 浓烟（的伤害）
14. feel nervous 感觉紧张不安的 28. follow the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
15. a moment of fear 一阵恐惧 29. traffic accidents 交通事故
16. calm down 平静下来 30. burn one’s hand(s)烧/ 烫伤某人的手
31. nearly fall over 差一点摔跤 34. because of the heavy snow 由于这场大雪
32. hear the wind blowing 听到风在吹 35. clear the snow from the streets 把雪从街上清除
33. see many people waiting there 看到许多人正在 掉
那里等候
二、重点句型赏析
1.I was sleeping when it started to rain. 当开始下雨时，我正在睡觉。
2.Soon the real noise came, like bombs under the ground. 很快，像地下的炸弹一样的声音传来。
3.Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 外面，碎玻璃
和碎砖纷纷掉落下来，人们四处逃散。
4.I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was near me. 我什么也看不见，也不知道是
否有人在我附近。
5.I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. 我感到紧张，我的心跳得很快。
6.A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑中掠过
一阵恐惧，但我告诉我自己要镇定下来，既然我仍然活着。
7.I started to pull myself slowly through the dark. 我开始在黑暗中慢慢地向前移动身体。
8.As I was trying to find my way out. I suddenly heard some noise above me. 当我尝试着找到出路，我突然听
到了上面的噪声。
9.Timmy was sleeping/asleep when the earthquake started. 当地震开始的时候蒂姆在睡觉。
10.My dad’s car broke down because of the cold weather. 由于糟糕的天气我爸爸的汽车出故障了。
11.Stay low to the ground.贴着地面。
12.The snow kept falling around us. 雪不停地在我们周围落下。
13.I was doing my homework in the classroom when Mr. Wu came in and told us to go home early. 当吴老师进
来告诉我们早点回家时，我正在教室里做家庭作业。
14.We lost our umbrella in the wind and I nearly fell over. 我们在风中丢了雨伞，我差点儿摔倒。
15.Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind.突然，一阵大风从后面刮来。
【重点语法】
1 过去进行时的结构及用法
过去进行时态表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作行为。过去进行时与一般过去时一样，也常和表示过去
的时间状语连用。
含义：
①过去某个时间正在发生的动作
例：He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。
②过去某段时间正在发生的动作
例：I was staying here from March to May last year. 去年从 3 月到 5 月，我一直呆在这里。
标志词： at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday /或有 when the teacher came in/ while he
was reading 等；
昨天下午 3 点到 5 点 from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. yesterday
昨天这时 at this time/moment yesterday
昨天整个早上/下午 the whole morning/afternoon yesterday
那时 at that time/moment
结构：
肯定结构：主语+was/were + doing+其他
否定结构：主语+was/were + not + doing+其他
一般疑问句结构：Was/Were+主语+doing+其他？
答语：Yes，主语+was/were,/ No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+ was/were+主语+ doing+其他？
2 过去进行时中 when，while 和 as 的用法
当两个比较长的动作发生时，我们可以在两个从句中用过去进行时，以‘while’连接。
当一个比较长的动作正在进行时，有其他动作同事发生，我们可用‘when’，‘while’或‘as’将两个动作连接
起来。
When 可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，而 while 只能和延续性动词连用。
When 从句的动作可以在主句动作之前，之后和同时发生
While 从句的动作必须是和主句同时发生，此时也可用 when/as。当两个延续性动词同事发生时，两个句
子都使用过去进行时，并用 while 连接。Unit 8 Natural disasters
核心话题 自然灾害
重点词汇 up, earthquake, coach, flood, village, storm, shake, loud, fear, while, heart, beat, mind,
since, still, alive, dark, shout, daylight, asleep, after, direction, nervous, safe, rule,
railway, bum, daughter, board, headache, countryside
重点短语 1．natural disasters 自然灾害
2．thousands of people 成千上万的人
3．crash into 撞上
Unit8 4．wash away 冲走
5. a heavy storm with thunder and lightning 一场雷电交加的大风暴
6．feel a slight shake 感觉到轻微的震动
7．in all directions 四面八方
8．come down 崩塌，坍塌
9．not．．．at all 一点也不
10．find one’s way out 找到出路
11．scream in fear 恐惧地尖叫
12．run out of 从······中跑出来
13．be trapped 被困住了
14. hear some noise above me 听到我上面有些噪音
15．move away 移走
16．on the side of the road 在路边
17．as．．．as possible 尽可能······
18. cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel 用湿毛巾捂住你的嘴巴和鼻子
19. stay low to the ground 贴近地面
20. follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则
21. keep your hand in cold water 把你的手放在冷水里
22．fall over 摔倒
重点句型 1. Who will mop up the water if I go home without you
2. Lightning hit a classroom building and it caught fire.
3. I was sleeping when the earthquake started.
4. A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was
still alive.
5. Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move.
6. My dad's car broke down because of the cold weather.
7. When/While/As Millie was watching TV. Andy came into the room.
8. We learnt a lot about keeping ourselves safe from fires, floods, earthquakes and traffic
accidents.
9. First, you should keep your hand in cold water for about ten minutes.
10. I was doing my homework in the class-room when Mr. Wu came in and told us to go
home early.
语法 过去进行时
写作 自然灾害与人身安全
考点 1 . thousands of
thousand; hundred; million; billion 等数词，当与基数词连用表达确定数量时，要用单数形式，并且后面
不接 of；当表达概数时，要用复数形式，且后面接 of。例如：
Our school is so famous that hundreds of people come and visit it every day.我们学校太有名了以至于每天
有数百人来参观。
The volunteer sent two hundreds of books to a mountain village school on Children’s Day.这些志愿者在儿童
节这一天给一所山里的乡村学校送去了二百本书。
【经典练】
1．（2021 秋·天津和平·八年级天津一中校考期中）You can see ________ stars if you go out at night.
A．thousand B．thousands of C．million D．million of
【答案】B
【详解】句意：如果你晚上出去，你可以看到成千上万颗星星。
考查大数表达。hundred/thousand/million 被数字修饰时用单数，当前面没有数字时要用
hundreds/millions/thousands+ of，根据题干可知空前无数字，所以只有 B 选项写法正确。故选 B。
2．（2022 秋·天津河东·八年级统考期末）Every year ________ people come to our city to visit the museum.
A．thousands of B．thousand of C．thousand D．thousands
【答案】A
【详解】句意：每年都有成千上万的人来我们城市参观博物馆。
考查数词的表达。表示确切的数量，用基数词+数词的单数形式；表示概数，用数词的复数形式+of。空格
前无基数词，所以此处应填 thousands of，故选 A。
【写作佳句】（2022·山东东营·统考中考真题）Bing Dwen Dwen, a mascot (吉祥物) for Beijing 2022 Winter
Olympics, is so cute that tens of thousands of people would like to get one.北京 2022 年冬奥会吉祥物冰墩墩是如
此可爱，以至于成千上万的人都想得到一个。
考点 2. beat
beat 是及物动词，有以下用法：
(1) 意为“赢；打败；战胜”，后接人或某一团队、组织等，其过去式为 beat。例如：
I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。
(2) 意为“打；击”，表示连续不断的打击。例如：
Who is beating the drum 谁在打鼓？
(3) 表示“（心脏）等跳动”。例如：
I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。
【拓展】
beat 和 win 都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：
beat 的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而 win 的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为 won。例如：
Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。
Who win the first prize in the competition 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？
【经典练】
1．（2021 秋·天津北辰·八年级校考期中）No.9 Middle School ________ No.2 Middle School in the football match
yesterday.
A．passed B．lost C．won D．beat
【答案】D
【详解】句意：在昨天的足球比赛中，第九中学击败了第二中学。
考查动词辨析。passed 通过；lost 输掉（比赛等）；won 赢，后跟比赛、奖品等；beat 打败某人或者某个集
体。空格后的“No.2 Middle School”是对手可知，应用 beat 表示打败，故选 D。
2．No.5 Middle School _______ No. 20 Middle School in the basketball match yesterday.
A．passed B．lost C．beat D．won
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在昨天的篮球赛中，五中击败了二十中。
考查动词辨析。passed 通过；lost 失败；beat 打败某人或者某个集体；won 赢，后跟比赛、奖品等。空格后
的 No. 20 Middle School 是对手，应用 beat 表示打败，故选 C。
【写作佳句】（2021·山西·统考中考真题）— China’s women’s soccer team beat Team South Korea on April 13th.
I wonder how they won the game .— They never gave up and fought to the last minute in the game.——4 月 13 日，
中国女足击败了韩国队。我想知道她们是如何获胜的。——她们永不放弃，奋战到最后一分钟。
考点 3. asleep
asleep 是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”，在句中常作表语而不能作定语。例如：
He was asleep when I saw him. 当我看见他时，他在睡觉。
【拓展】
(1) 类似的表语形容词均以 a 开头的有：afraid 害怕的；alike 相像的；alone 独自的，孤独的；awake 醒着
的。
(2) “熟睡”只能说 fast/ sound asleep 而不用 very asleep。
(3) fall asleep 意为“入睡”，fall 用作系动词，asleep 作表语。
【经典练】
1．The little girl stayed up late yesterday and she felt ________ today, she is afraid she’ll fall ________ in class.
A．asleep, sleep B．sleepy, asleep C．sleep, sleepy
【答案】B
【详解】句意：小女孩昨天熬夜了，她今天觉得很困，她怕自己在课堂上睡着了。
考查形容词辨析。asleep 睡着的，一般作表语；sleepy 困倦的；sleep 睡觉。短语 feel sleepy 表示“感觉很
困”，短语 fall asleep 表示“睡着了”。故选 B。
【写作佳句】（2020·重庆·统考中考真题）Don't drink coffee before going to bed, or you won't fall asleep easily.
睡觉之前不要喝咖啡，否则你很难入睡。
考点 4. because of
because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。例如：
He lost his job because of his age. 由于年龄关系他失去了工作。
He knew she was crying because of what he had said. 他知道她哭是因为他说的话。
【拓展】
(1) because 意为“因为”，表示直接原因。它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，其语气最强。常用来
回答 why 的提问，一般放于主句之后，也可以单独存在。例如：
I stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我待在家里。
Because Lingling was ill, she didn’t come to school. 玲玲因病没有上学。
— Why is she absent 她为什么缺席
— Because she is sick. 因为她病了。
(2) because of 和 because 是同义词，都可以表示原因，但是，because 的后面用句子；because
of 的后面用名词、代词或者动名词短语形式。例如：
I was late this morning because I missed the first bus. 我今天早上迟到是因为我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
We couldn’t have the sports meeting last Sunday because of the rain. 我们上个星期天没能召开运动会是因
为下雨了。
【经典练】
1．I was late for school ________ the bad weather.
A．but B．because of C．because D．and
【答案】B
【详解】句意：由于天气不好，我上学迟到了。
考查连词及短语辨析。but 但是，表转折；because of 由于，表原因，后跟名词或代词；because 因为，表原
因，后跟句子；and 和，表并列。分析空前后内容的关系可知，前果后因，且原因是名词短语，故选 B。
2．（2022 秋·安徽六安·八年级统考期中）We didn’t hold the football match ________ the heavy rain.
A．because B．because of C．since D．about
【答案】B
【详解】句意：因为那场大雨，我们没有举办足球比赛。
考查介词短语。because 因为，引导原因状语从句；because of 由于；since 自从；about 关于。根据“the heavy
rain”可知，下大雨是没有举办足球比赛的原因，且 the heavy rain 是名词短语，因此应用介词短语 because of
来表示“因为”。故选 B。
【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Because of pollution, this lake is now too harmful to support fish.由于
污染，这个湖现在太有害了，不能养鱼。
考点 5. happen
happen 是不及物动词，它的用法有：
(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。例如：
The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在 2008 年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如：
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。
What happened to you 你怎么啦？
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
【拓展】happen 和 take place 的辨析：
(1) happen 指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。例如：
What happened to him 他出了什么事？
(2) take place 常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发
生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
注意：happen 和 take place 均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【经典练】
1．（2022 秋·辽宁丹东·八年级统考期中）— A bad thing ________ in the street just now. An old man fell down
and a car hit him.
— So terrible. I’m sorry to hear that.
A．made B．gave C．decided D．happened
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——刚才街上发生了一件不好的事。一位老人摔倒了，一辆汽车撞到了他。——太可怕了。
听到这个消息我很难过。考查动词辨析。made 制作；gave 给；decided 决定；happened 发生。根据下文“An
old man fell down and a car hit him”可知，刚才发生了一件很糟糕的事，故选 D。
【写作佳句】（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）If you don’t think something will happen and then it happens, you
will feel surprised.如果你认为某事不会发生，然后它发生了，你会感到惊讶。
考点 6. while
(1) while 是连词，它的意思是“当……时候, 和……同时”。例如：
Our friends arrived while we were having dinner. 当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。
【拓展】
(1) while 和 when 是同义词，while 后面的动词是延续性的、可持续性的；when 的后面可以是延续性的
动词，也可以是非延续性的动词。例如：
I was watching TV when he arrived. 他到的时候我在看电视。（不能用 while）
While / When I was cooking, my mother got home. 我做饭时，我妈妈到家了。
(2) while 还可作并列连词，表示两者之间的对比。when 也可以作并列连词，表示一个动作正在进行，突然
发生了另一动作。例如：
I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。（不能用
when）
I was fishing by the river when someone called for help.（不能用 while）我正在河边钓鱼，突然有人求救。
【经典练】
1．（2023 秋·天津红桥·八年级统考期末）They were singing ________ we were dancing.
A．if B．because C．until D．while
【答案】D
【详解】句意：当我们跳舞的时候，他们在唱歌。
考查连词辨析。if 如果；because 因为；until 直到；while 当……时。根据“They were singing ... we were
dancing.”可知，此处前后两个动作同时发生，用 while 引导时间状语从句。故选 D。
2．（2023 秋·天津·八年级校考期末）Tom was playing under the tree ________ his sister was reading.
A．while B．so C．after D．before
【答案】A
【详解】句意：汤姆在树下玩，而他妹妹在看书。
考查连词辨析。while 与……同时；so 因此；after 在……以后；before 在……以前。根据“Tom was playing under
the tree ... his sister was reading.”可知，汤姆在树下玩的时候，他妹妹正在读书；while 与过去进行时连用，
表示主从句动作同时发生。故选 A。
【写作佳句】（2023·天津·统考中考真题）While we are singing an English song, some visitors came to our class.
当我们正在唱一首英文歌时，一些来访者来到我们班。
考点 7. mind
mind 作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、
代词、动词-ing 形式或从句。例如：
Would you mind opening the window 你介意打开窗户吗？
Don’t mind me.不要管我。
【拓展】
(1) mind 还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如：
He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。
Tom changed his mind at last. 最后 Tom 改变了主意。
(2) 后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：
完成，实践，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；
考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）；
错过，习惯，（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；
继续，喜欢，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。
【经典练】
1．—Would you mind ________ some chocolate
—Sorry, I have made up my mind ________ weight.
A．to have; to lose B．having; losing C．having; to lose D．to have; losing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你介意吃些巧克力吗？——抱歉，我已经下定决心要减肥了。
考查非谓语动词。have 吃；lose weight 减肥；第一空考查短语 mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，空格处填入动
名词形式，排除 A 和 D；第二空考查短语 make up one’s mind to do sth.“下定决心做某事”，空格处填入不定
式，故选 C。
【写作佳句】They often work very hard for little money, but they do not mind.他们经常为了很少的钱而努力工
作，但他们并不介意。
考点 8. since
since 可作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如：
I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。
I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。
【拓展】
since 还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如：
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
【经典练】
1．（2021 秋·天津河西·八年级校考期中）Mr. Wang ________ English in this school ________ he moved to the
city.
A．has taught; for B．taught; since C．taught; for D．has taught; since
【答案】D
【详解】句意：自从王先生搬到这个城市，他就一直在这所学校教英语。
考查现在完成时。has taught 现在完成时；taught 一般过去时；for 后接时间段，表示动词持续；since 后接时
间点。根据第二空后“he moved to the city.”可知此处是一般过去时，且“moved”是短暂性动词，所以第二空应
填 since，排除选项 A 和 C；本句是含 since 的句子，主句应用现在完成时。故选 D。
2．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use.
A．unless B．since C．if D．when
【答案】B
【详解】句意：自从地铁投入使用以来，我的家乡改变了很多。
考查连词辨析。unless 除非；since 自从；if 如果；when 当……时候。根据“My hometown has changed a
lot ... the subway was put into use.”可知从句是一般过去时，主句是现在完成时，用 since 引导时间状语从句。
故选 B。
【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）We have been friends since I came to this school.自从我来到这
所学校，我们就一直是朋友。
考点 9. alive
alive 形容词“活的”，一般用作表语；如果用作定语，则需要放在被修饰的名词后面。
No man alive is greater than he. 活着的人没有一个比他更伟大的。
His mother is dead, but his father is still living /alive. 他的妈妈去世了，但他爸爸还活着。
【拓展】辨析：lively, alive, live 与 living
这四个词都可用作形容词，异同点如下：
(1) lively 常用作定语或表语，“充满活力的，活泼的，有生气的”。例如：
She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination.她是个充满活力的年轻女性，富有忍耐力和
想象力。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.他有一种奇妙的方法，使他的课堂生动有
趣。
(2) alive 常作表语或后置定语，“有生命的，活的”。例如：
He was alive when they took him to the hospital.人们把他送到医院时他还活着。
(3) live 作定语，“活的，有生命的（主要用来指鸟或其他动物）；现场的，直播的”。例如：
Look! These is a live fish in the pool.看！池子里有一条活鱼。
We watched a live television show. 我们观看了一场电视现场直播的表演。
(4) living 意为“活的，健在的”。例如：
His grandpa is still living at the age of 96. 他爷爷 96 岁了，仍然健在。
【经典练】
1．The painting is interesting. The people in it look real. They seem to be ________.
A．live B．alive C．living D．lively
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这幅画很有趣。里面的人看起来很真实。他们好像活的。
考查形容词辨析。live 活的，只用于物；alive 活着的，用于人，侧重说明生死之间的界限；living 活着的，
用于人或物，强调尚在人间；lively 活泼的。根据语境可知，画里的人看起来很真实，可推测此时是画里的
人好像活着的一样，alive“活着的”符合语境。故选 B。
2．—The little girl was lucky to stay ________ after the snowstorm(暴风雪).
—It’s so amazing.
A．alive B．live C．lives D．lively
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——暴风雪过后，这个小女孩幸运地活了下来。——太神奇了。
考查形容词用法以及形容词辨析。alive 活着的，形容词；live 居住，动词；lives 生命，名词复数；lively 活
泼的。作 stay 的表语用形容词，排除 BC；根据“stay...after the snowstorm”可知是暴风雪之后还活着。故选
A。
【写作佳句】（2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）The documentary For the Sake of Peace（《为了和平》）brings the
War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea (抗美援朝战争) alive on screen.纪录片《为了和平》将抗美援朝战
争鲜活地呈现在银幕上。
考点 10 see
10.… I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road.
本句中用了 see sb. doing sth.的结构，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看见的动作正在进行。例如：
I saw him repairing his bike. 我看见他正在修他的自行车。
【拓展】
(1) see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调看到了动作的全过程。例如：
I saw him repair his bike.我看见他修了他的自行车。
(2) 能用 do 或 doing 做宾语补足语的词还有：feel; hear; watch; notice 等。例如：
I often heard him play the piano in his room when I was young.当我小的时候，我经常听见他在房间里弹钢琴。
I noticed some birds singing. 我注意到一些鸟在歌唱。
【经典练】
1．（2022 秋·天津河东·八年级校考期中）We plan ________ the traditional Beijing Opera.
A．see B．to see C．seeing D．saw
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们计划去看传统京剧。
考查动词不定式作宾语。plan to do“计划做某事”，固定搭配，动词不定式在此处作宾语。故选 B。
【写作佳句】（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）While everyone was laughing at the comics page, I picked up a
copy to see what was so funny.当每个人都在笑漫画页时，我拿起一本，想看看是什么这么好笑。
考点 11 as soon as possible
11. Try to get out as soon as possible.
(1) as … as possible 意为“尽可能的……”，as … as 中间加形容词或者副词的原级。例如：
I hope my marks would be as high as possible. 我希望我的分数尽可能地高。
He picked as many apples as possible in the apple garden. 他在果园摘了尽可能多的苹果。
(2) as soon as possible 意为“尽快，尽早”，与 as soon as one can/could 同义。例如：
I will tell him as soon as possible. = I will tell him as soon as I can.
【经典练】
1．Miss Gao asked us to go to the office _________.
A．as much as possible B．more quickly than she
C．as soon as possible D．as much as we can
【答案】C
【详解】句意：高老师让我们尽快去办公室。
考查副词和固定用法。此处应该用副词修饰动词，排除 A 和 D；B 选项 than 后应接人称代词宾格 her；as soon
as possible 表示“尽快”。故选 C。
【写作佳句】In order to send the donations（捐赠物）to the hospital as soon as possible, the drivers hardly stopped
to eat or rest during the journey.为了尽快把捐赠物送到医院，司机们在旅途中几乎没有停下来吃饭或休息。
考点 12 keep
12. …about keeping ourselves safe from fires.
本句中用了“keep + 名词 / 代词+ 形容词”的结构，意为“使……保持某种状态”。例如：
Keep the door open, please. 请让门开着。
【拓展】
(1) keep 作动词，意思是“保持”，常见的结构为“keep+形容词/动词-ing 形式”，意为“使某物保持某种状
态”。例如：
The cat keeps running after the rat, trying to catch it. 那只猫一直在追赶老鼠，想要抓住它。
I need to keep fit. 我需要保持健康。
Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。
(2) keep sb. doing sth.，表示“让某人一直做某事”。 例如：
You keep me waiting for half an hour. 你让我等了半个小时。
(3) keep 的相关短语：
keep up with 跟上，赶上
keep a shop 开商店
keep an eye on 照看
【经典练】
1．（2022 秋·江苏宿迁·八年级统考期末）It was so cold outside, so we had to make a fire ________ warm.
A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept
【答案】B
【详解】句意：外面很冷，所以我们不得不生火来保持温暖。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，我们生火的目的是为了保持温暖，此处 to do 动词不定式用来表示目的。
故选 B。
【写作佳句】（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）To keep healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals
and using public chopsticks.为了保持健康，我们已经习惯饭前洗手和使用公共筷子。
考点 13 try
13. I tried my best to run out too…
try one’s best to do sth.是动词短语，意为“努力或尽力去做某事”，相当于 try to do sth.。例如：
We tried our best to help the people in the village. 我们设法帮助那个村庄的人。
They should try their best to finish the work on time. 他们应该尽最大努力准时完成这项工作。
【拓展】
try one’s best to do sth.表示尽自己最大能力做某事, 强调的是要设法、想法的意思，等同于 try to do sth.；
try doing sth.表示尝试着做某事，强调尽力去做，尝试去做。例如：
He tries to get the apple above the shelf，but fails to reach it.他尽力去够架子上的苹果，但是没够着。
After a while, Tom comes in and tries showing his ability. 一会儿后，汤姆进来试着展示他的能力。
He tired climbing the tall tree. 他试着爬上了那棵搞的树。
I will try my best to do this work. 我将尽力去做这份工作。
【经典练】
1．（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）I was full, ________ the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.
A．and B．but C．so D．or
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我吃饱了，但冰淇淋看起来太好吃了，我忍不住要尝一尝。
考查连词辨析。and 而且，表示并列；but 但是，表示转折；so 所以，表示因果；or 或者，表示选择。根据
“I was full,”以及“the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.”可知前后句之间表达的是转折关系，
因此应用 but 连接，故选 B。
【写作佳句】（2020·四川资阳·中考真题）Children should have dreams and try to make them come true.孩子们
应该有梦想，并努力让梦想成真。
考点 14 not....at all
14. I could not see anything at all…
not…at all 意为“根本不，一点也不”，，用于否定句中，加强语气。例如：
He doesn’t like meat at all. 他根本不喜欢吃肉。
【拓展】Not at all.在口语中经常用到，有以下用法：
(1) 用来表示否定（是 No 的加强说法），表示“一点也不，完全不”。例如：
— Are you busy 你忙吗？
— Not at all. 一点也不忙。
(2) 用于回答感谢，表示“不用谢；不客气”。例如：
— Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
— Not at all. 别客气。
(3) 用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话，表示“没什么；哪里，哪里”。例如：
— You are very kind. 你真好。
— Not at all. 没什么。
(4) 用于回答道歉，表示“没关系”。例如：
— I’m sorry I’m late. 对不起，我迟到了。
— Oh, not at e in, please. 哦，没关系，请进。
一．过去进行时
过去进行时的概念和用法:
（一）定义： 过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
（二）结构：was/were +doing (现在分词）
否定式：was / were not + doing
was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t
疑问句：将 was / were 调到主语前，结构为：Was/Were+主语+verb-ing
回答：Yes, 主语+was/were.
No, 主语+ was not/wasn’t. were not/weren’t.
（三）用法
1. 常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when,
while 例如：
【例题精讲】
例 1. We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
例 2. It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
例 3. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。
2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
【例题精讲】
例 1. What was she doing at nine o’clock yesterday 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点)
例 2. When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when 从句表示时间点)
【知识梳理 2】while\when\as 与过去进行时
1. when, while 和 as 这三个词都有“当………时候”的意思。
【例题精讲】
例 1. There were fewer sandstorms when my grandparents were young. 我祖父母年轻时沙尘暴要少些。
例 2. While Mille was watching TV, her mum was sleeping.米莉在看电视时，妈妈在睡觉。
例 3. I saw a traffic accident as I was riding to school this morning.今天早晨我骑自行车时看到一起交通事故。
2. when 和 as 既可以指某一点时间，也可以指某一段时间，其从句谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的，
也可以是延续性的；while 指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。
即：指一段时间时 when, while 和 as 都可用；指一点时间时，只能用 when 或 as，不能用 while。
【例题精讲】
例. 试比较：
1. When/As he woke up, it was eight o’clock.(对)
2. While he woke up, it was eight o’clock.（错）
3. When/While/As I was waiting for a bus, I met her.（错）
3.当 while , when 和 as 放在句首时，两个句子应用逗号隔开。
【例题精讲】
例 1. When the teacher came in, we were talking.
例 2. While the pig was dancing, the rabbit was jumping.
例 3. As the two men were leaving, a message arrived.
写作主题：自然灾害与人身安全
一、话题分析
本单元的话题是“自然灾害与人身安全”，要求学生能根据相关信息提示简单地介绍一种自然灾害或者人
身安全或灾害防范的基本常识，内容包括自然灾害或者突发事件发生的时间、地点、经过和结果、人身安
全或灾害防范的各方面注意事项等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点：
1. 能用过去进行时描述自然灾害或者突发事件发生的经过；
2. 能用 when,while,as 等连词连接句子；
3. 能正确使用标点符号；
4. 能正确书写英语句子。
二、写作步骤
步骤一：确定介绍一种自然灾害或者人身安全或灾害防范的基本常识的内容和顺序。
步骤二：列举介绍一种自然灾害或者人身安全或灾害防范的基本常识的句型，多多益善。
步骤三：成段成篇，修改完善。
三、词汇积累
1 wake up 醒来
2 crash into 撞上……
3 fall from 从……上跌落下来
4 mop up 把……拖干净
5 wash away 冲走
6 catch fire 着火
7 feel a slight shake 感到轻微震动
8 run out of 从……中跑出
9 in all directions 四面八方
10 come down 坍塌
11 not…at all 一点也不
12 a moment of fear 片刻的恐惧
13 calm down 冷静下来
14 shout for help 呼救
15 move away 移开
16 find one’s way out 找到出路
17 at last 最后，终于
18 break down 出故障，坏掉
19 because of 因为，由于
20 as…as possible 尽可能
四、句型积累
1 Who will mop up the water if I go home without you 如果你不跟我回家，谁将拖干水呢？
2 There was a heavy storm with thunder and lighting. 有一场暴风雨，电闪雷鸣。
3 Lighting hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 闪电击中了一栋教学楼，并引发了火灾。
4 I was sleeping when the earthquake started. 地震发生时我正在睡觉。
5 Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were failing down. 外面，人们四
处奔跑，成片的玻璃与砖头纷纷落下。
6 A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑海里闪
过片刻的恐惧，但我告诉自己要冷静，因为自己还活着。
7 Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. 幸运的是，有足够的空间来容我移动。
8 …I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me. 当我正在尽力寻找出路时，我突然
听到楼上有嘈杂声。
五、写作训练
1．每个人的生命只有一次，一定要珍爱自己的生命。该怎样保护自己 请根据以下提示，以"How to protect
ourselves"为标题写一篇发言稿.
交通：外出时遵守交通规则
安全对每个人都很重
食品:吃健康食物，少吃垃圾食品
要
活动:进行体育锻炼时，不要弄伤自己 不私自下河游泳
交友需谨慎 远离危险之人
自我保护是重要技能 尽可能避免受伤
遇到危险要保持冷
之一 然后要及时报警或向老师、家长求助 害
静
保证自己的安全
参考词汇：
safety, traffic rules, hurt oneself, without permission, self-protection, stay away from. . , be careful, be in danger,
keep calm, call. . for help
要求∶
1）语言表达准确，短文连贯、通顺。
2）短文应包括表格中所有内容，可适当发挥，不要逐句翻译。
3）词数 80 左右。文章开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。
How to protect ourselves
Dear friends,
Everyone has only one life, so we should treasure our lives. But how can we protect ourselves Here are some
suggestions.
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
In a word, we should try our best to protect ourselves and value our lives.
That's all. Thank you!
1．【参考范文】
How to protect ourselves
Dear friends,
Everyone has only one life, so we should treasure our lives. But how can we protect ourselves Here are some
suggestions.
First, safety is very important for everyone. So we should obey the traffic rules when we go out. As for food,
we should eat healthier food and less junk food. We should make sure not to hurt ourselves when we exercise. By
the way, even though it's getting hotter and hotter these days, we mustn't swim in the river without permission.
Secondly, self-protection is one of the key skills. We should be careful when we make friends and try our best
to stay away from dangerous people. But if we are in danger, we should keep calm first. Then call the police on 110
or ask the teachers or parents for help.
In a word, we should try our best to protect ourselves and value our lives.
That's all. Thank you!
【解析】这是提纲类命题性英文写作。在写作时要使用题目中说过的材料进行书写，文章的内容要围绕题
目进行的书写。文章的内容要包含题目所给的所有的信息。在书写时，文章中句子的时态使用一般现在时
和第一人称，文章的层次要清楚，逻辑关系要合理。文章的语句要通顺，文章中不要出现任何语法和拼写
错误。
【点评】这篇英文书写写出了保护自己的几个建议。文章中使用了常用的句式结构。例如倒装句式 Here are
some suggestions. ；even though 引导的让步状语从句 even though it's getting hotter and hotter these days, we
mustn't swim in the river without permission. 含有 when 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句和 if 引导的条件状
语从句的主从复合句。 We should be careful when we make friends and try our best to stay away from dangerous
people. But if we are in danger, we should keep calm first. 常用的短语：obey the traffic rules ;go out ; As for ;
junk food ; make sure ; By the way ; even though ; one of the key skills ; be careful ; in danger ; try our best to
do; stay away from ; In a word 等。文章句式结构简单，容易理解。
Unit 8 Natural disasters
一．重点词组赏析
1. natural disasters 自然灾害 21. soon after…在…之后不久
2. be all wet 全湿了 22. a terrible snowstorm 一场可怕的暴风雪
3. wake up 醒来 23. break down（车辆或机器）出故障，坏掉
4. mop up the water 把水拖干净 24. fall over 跌倒
5. crash into a tree 撞到树上 25. get out as soon as possible 尽早逃出去
6. wash away 冲走 26. cover one’s month with a wet towel 用一块湿毛
7. start a big fire 引起一场大火 巾盖住嘴巴
8. catch fire 着火 27. protect oneself from thick smoke 保护自己免受
9. be asleep 睡着 浓烟（的伤害）
10. scream in fear 恐惧的尖叫 28. follow the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
11. in all directions 四面八方 29. traffic accidents 交通事故
12. pieces of glass and bricks 玻璃块和砖块 30. burn one’s hand(s)烧/ 烫伤某人的手
e down 崩塌 31. nearly fall over 差一点摔跤
14. feel nervous 感觉紧张不安的 32. hear the wind blowing 听到风在吹
15. a moment of fear 一阵恐惧 33. see many people waiting there 看到许多人正在
16. calm down 平静下来 那里等候
17. be still alive 仍然活着 34. because of the heavy snow 由于这场大雪
18. be trapped 被困住的 35. clear the snow from the streets 把雪从街上清除
19. find one’s way out 找到出路 掉
20. keep sb safe 保持某人安全
二、重点句型赏析
1.I was sleeping when it started to rain. 当开始下雨时，我正在睡觉。
2.Soon the real noise came, like bombs under the ground. 很快，像地下的炸弹一样的声音传来。
3.Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 外面，碎玻璃
和碎砖纷纷掉落下来，人们四处逃散。
4.I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was near me. 我什么也看不见，也不知道是
否有人在我附近。
5.I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. 我感到紧张，我的心跳得很快。
6.A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑中掠过
一阵恐惧，但我告诉我自己要镇定下来，既然我仍然活着。
7.I started to pull myself slowly through the dark. 我开始在黑暗中慢慢地向前移动身体。
8.As I was trying to find my way out. I suddenly heard some noise above me. 当我尝试着找到出路，我突然听
到了上面的噪声。
9.Timmy was sleeping/asleep when the earthquake started. 当地震开始的时候蒂姆在睡觉。
10.My dad’s car broke down because of the cold weather. 由于糟糕的天气我爸爸的汽车出故障了。
11.Stay low to the ground.贴着地面。
12.The snow kept falling around us. 雪不停地在我们周围落下。
13.I was doing my homework in the classroom when Mr. Wu came in and told us to go home early. 当吴老师进
来告诉我们早点回家时，我正在教室里做家庭作业。
14.We lost our umbrella in the wind and I nearly fell over. 我们在风中丢了雨伞，我差点儿摔倒。
15.Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind.突然，一阵大风从后面刮来。
【重点语法】
1 过去进行时的结构及用法
过去进行时态表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作行为。过去进行时与一般过去时一样，也常和表示过去
的时间状语连用。
含义：
①过去某个时间正在发生的动作
例：He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。
②过去某段时间正在发生的动作
例：I was staying here from March to May last year. 去年从 3 月到 5 月，我一直呆在这里。
标志词： at nine last night/ at that time= then/at this time yesterday /或有 when the teacher came in/ while he
was reading 等；
昨天下午 3 点到 5 点 from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. yesterday
昨天这时 at this time/moment yesterday
昨天整个早上/下午 the whole morning/afternoon yesterday
那时 at that time/moment
结构：
肯定结构：主语+was/were + doing+其他
否定结构：主语+was/were + not + doing+其他
一般疑问句结构：Was/Were+主语+doing+其他？
答语：Yes，主语+was/were,/ No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+ was/were+主语+ doing+其他？
2 过去进行时中 when，while 和 as 的用法
当两个比较长的动作发生时，我们可以在两个从句中用过去进行时，以‘while’连接。
当一个比较长的动作正在进行时，有其他动作同事发生，我们可用‘when’，‘while’或‘as’将两个动作连接
起来。
When 可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用，而 while 只能和延续性动词连用。
When 从句的动作可以在主句动作之前，之后和同时发生
While 从句的动作必须是和主句同时发生，此时也可用 when/as。当两个延续性动词同事发生时，两个句
子都使用过去进行时，并用 while 连接。
