Unit8 Detective stories
核心话题 侦探故事与人身安全
重点词汇 1.missing 2.untidy 3.truth 4.guess 5.lie6.somewhere 7.wound 8.enemy 9.single
10.suppose 11.only 12.report 13.heavily 14.couple15.probably 16.boss 17.hurry
18.wealth 19.safety 20.lock 21.shut 22.guard23.steal
重点短语 1.go missing2.make notes on sb.3.tell the truth 4.of medium height5.breath
Unit8 heavily6.be wounded with a knife 7.bleed to death8.a master at solving cases 9.a
well-paid job 10.be guilty of… 11.be charged with12.break into 13.make sb.
enemies14.lead to 15.offer a reward for…16.be in a hurry to do sth.17.in
prison18.turn out 19.get along with 20.do something to do with…
重点句型 1.I want to know how you get on/ along with your new classmates.
2.A reward of 1000 will be given to the witness who offers clues to the case.
3. It turned out that the man who broke into the bank that day was his brother.
4.I wonder whether you have something to do with kidnapping the little boy.
5.The man who has criminal record is the murderer of the criminal case.
6. He was under arrest/arrested for stealing valuable jewellery by the police.
7.He once told me that he had been in the Computer Club for two years.
8.Can you tell me what he is /he has been charged with
9. No one knows what the old man did for a living in the past.
10.He was in prison for three years and a half because of theft.
语法 定语从句
写作 简单描述侦探故事的情节或者说明如何保护人身安全
考点 1 happen 的用法
1. happen
happen 是不及物动词，它的用法有：
(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。
例如：
The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在 2008 年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如：
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。
What happened to you 你怎么啦？
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
【拓展】
happen 和 take place 的辨析：
(1) happen 指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。例如：
What happened to him 他出了什么事？
(2) take place 常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计
划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
注意：happen 和 take place 均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【经典练】1．（2022 秋·天津和平·九年级校考期末）The accident _________ last night. His father died ________
it.
A．happened, of B．happened, from
C．was happened, of D．was taken place, from
【写作佳句】Get prepared so that you can set off immediately if something happens.做好准备，以便在发生什
么事情时能够立即出发。
考点 2. missing
missing 是 miss 的动名词形式，还可作形容词，表示“（现在）处于丢失的状态”。例如：
My key to my house is still missing now. 我家的钥匙还是找不到。
【拓展】
（1）miss 作动词，意为“想念／错过”。例如：
We have never seen each other for a long time, so I miss you very much. 因为我们彼此很长时间没有见面
了， 所以我非常想念你。
She missed an important meeting yesterday. 她昨天错过了一次重要的会议。
（2）lose 作动词，意为“丢失，损失”，过去式是 lost，lost 还可作形容词，意为“丢失的，迷路的”。
例如：
They lost a large sum of money on that project.他们在那个项目上损失了一大笔钱。
The twin brothers are (get) lost in the forest. 这对双胞胎弟弟在森林里迷路了。
【经典练】1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Hurry up, ________ you will miss the beginning of the concert.
A．so B．or C．and D．but
【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）In order not to miss the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get
up early this morning.为了不错过最早的航班，今天早晨我妹妹强迫自己早起。
考点 3. dress
dress 作动词，意为“穿着，穿衣”，后面一般接表示人的名词或代词作宾语，不接表示衣服的名词。例
如：
The boy can dress himself. 那个男孩儿可以自己穿衣服。
（1）dress up 意为“装扮，乔装打扮”或者“穿上盛装，打扮”。例如：
You don’t need dress up for the party. 你不必为这个聚会精心打扮。
The boy often dresses up as a monkey. 那个男孩常装扮成一只猴子。
（2）be dressed 意为“穿着”，表示一种状态，后面跟介词 in 可以和接表示颜色的词。例如：
She was dressed in white.她穿着白色衣服。
【拓展】
wear，put on，dress 与 in
（1）wear 表示穿着、戴着的某种状态。例如：
She wears a pink coat. 她穿着一件粉红色大衣。
（2）put on 表示穿戴的动作。例如：
She put on her beautiful hat. 她戴上了她的漂亮帽子。
（3）dress 后接人作宾语，表示“给……穿衣”。例如：
She dresses herself every day. 她每天自己穿衣。
（4）in 与 wear 都表示“穿”或者“戴”，wear 在句中作谓语，in 与其他词一起构成介宾短语，做句子的
定语、表语等。例如：
She is in pink. 她穿着粉红色的衣服。
【经典练】1．Although Lucy is only three years old, she is able to ________ herself.
A．put B．make C．wear D．dress
【写作佳句】（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Dressing up as a ghost is highly unusual in our culture. People
think it will bring bad luck.在我们的文化中，扮鬼是极不寻常的。人们认为这会带来厄运。
考点 4. confirm
（1）作动词，意为“证实;确定”，后接宾语，that 引导的从句或特殊疑问词引导的从句。例如：
His letter confirmed everything. 他的信证实了一切。
I gave the policeman a number to ring to confirm the fact. 我给警察一个电话号码，要他打电话证实此事。
（2）作动词，意为“ 坚定;加强”。例如：
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief. 最新的发展使我坚信我的信仰。
（3）作动词，还意为“批准,确认”。例如：
The Mayor confirmed the treaty. 市长批准了此项条约
【经典练】 1．（2022 秋 ·广东深圳 ·九年级校考期中）He asked the question again to ________ the
information.
A．punish B．confirm C．publish D．comfort
【写作佳句】When your friend sends you a message to borrow money online, you’d better phone him to
confirm that.当你的朋友给你发信息在网上借钱时，你最好打电话给他确认一下。
考点 5.find out
find out 意为“查明白、弄清楚”，多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况，查出的东西往往是
抽象的，如时间、事实、真相等。例如：
Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。
【拓展】
（1）find 意为“找到、发现”，指偶然发现或经过一番寻找，找到值得或所需的东西，强调找的结果。
例如：
I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的书。
（2）look for 意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如：
Jim is looking for his little dog. Jim 正在找他的狗。
（3）discover 意为“发现”，指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。例如：
China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中国在南海发现了石油。
（4）invent 意为“发明”指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。例如：
Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。
【经典练】1．Our geography teacher told us to __________ more information about our city and share it next
week.
A．keep away B．find out C．turn off
【写作佳句】（2023·四川甘孜·统考中考真题）We should find out who broke the door of the classroom
yesterday.我们应该找出昨天是谁打破了教室的门。
考点 6. death
death 作名词，意为“死亡”。例如：
She cried out after knowing his husband’s death. 知道丈夫的死讯后，她大哭起来。
【拓展】
（1）die 作动词，意为“死亡”。例如：
His father died last week. 他的父亲上周去世了。
（2）dead 作形容词，意为“死的”，指状态，可以和一段时间连用。例如：
He found a dead bird in the garden. 他在花园里发现一只死鸟。
（3）dying 作形容词，意为“快要死的；奄奄一息的”。例如：
The dying man was saved by a kind-hearted lady.
那位奄奄一息的老人被一位好心女士救了。
【经典练】1．（2022 秋·黑龙江佳木斯·九年级统考期末）At last the poor old woman _________ but the doctor
didn’t know the reason of her _________.
A．died; death B．dead; died C．death; dead
【写作佳句】（2021·青海·统考中考真题）—Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, passed away on May
22.His death is a huge loss for our country.袁隆平，杂交水稻之父，于 5 月 22 日去世。他的死是我们国家的
巨大损失。
考点 7. so far
so far“迄今为止；到目前为止”，常用于现在完成时，可以放在句末或句首。例如：
He has written three books so far. 到目前为止他已经写了三本书。
We have learned about 2500 words so far. 迄今为止我们已学了大约 2500 个单词。
【拓展】
英语中现在完成时的其他标志词：already（已经）；just（刚刚）；never（从不）；ever（曾经）；yet（仍
然）；for+一段时间；since（自从）+过去时间等。例如：
I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。
— Has the train started yet 火车已经开了吗？
— Not yet. 还没有。
He has been to many places since he came to China. 自从他来到中国以来，已经到过许多地方了。
【经典练】1．（2023·福建三明·统考二模）The traffic was too heavy. ________, we missed our train to Shanghai
yesterday.
A．In short B．So far C．As a result
【写作佳句】（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）So far, red tourism (旅游业) has developed quickly and
it’s becoming more and more popular.到目前为止，红色旅游发展迅速，越来越受欢迎。
考点 8. provide
provide 作动词，意为“提供，供给”，常与介词 with 连用，provide sb.with sth.表示“供应给某人某物”；
也可以用于 provide sth. for sb.，表示“为某人提供某物”，provide 的宾语是被提供的东西，for 的宾语是接受
这些东西的人等。
The sun provides us with light and heat.＝The sun provides light and heat for us.太阳给我们提供光和热。
【拓展】
辨析：offer 与 provide
offer（1）给予，提供(有主观上愿意供给的意思)
He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。
（2）愿意，试图(做某事)；提议[+to do]
They offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。
（3）offer 还有“出价，给工资”的意思。
We offered him the calculator for $50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。
provide （1）作及物动词，“提供装备，供给”, provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.表示“为某人提供
某物”。例如：
She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。
（2）作不及物动词，“抚养，赡养”(+for)
He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family.他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭。
【经典练】1．— Are you going to Tibet for vacation
— Yes, I want you to ______ me with more information about it.
A．offer B．provide C．afford D．share
【写作佳句】（2022·福建·统考中考真题）Since 2021, our school has provided all kinds of after-school services
for students.从 2021 年开始，学校为学生提供各种课外服务。
考点 9. A detective is someone who looks for clues to something important.
句子 who looks for clues to something important 在此作 someone 的定语，构成含有定语从句的复合句。引
导定语从句的关系词有：that; who; when; why; where 等。
（1）关系词 that，既可指人，也可指物。例如：
The man that you met is my teacher. 你遇到的那个人是我的老师。
She is the singer that I saw last week. 她就是我上周遇到的那个歌唱家。
（2）关系代词 who（指人），whom（who 的宾格形式），whose，which（指物）。例如：
The room whose window is broken is our classroom. 那个窗户坏了的房间是我们的教室。
He is the man who knows the answer. 他是那个知道答案的人。
（3）关系副词 when（指时间），why（表原因），where（表地点）。例如：
That is the place where I was born. 那就是我出生的地方。
Can you tell me the time when you were born 你能告诉我你出生的时间吗？
考点 10 well-paid
10. He had many friends and a well-paid job.
well-paid 是一个复合形容词，意为“高薪的”。复合形容词是由两个或两个以上的单词组成，用来修饰
一个名词。组成复合形容词的每个形容词之间要用连字符连接以避免混淆和词不达意。
复合形容词主要用来作定语,并且只作前置定语,即要放在被修饰词之前。它也可以作形容词,表示一个长时
间的特点或性质。例如：
an eight- year-old boy 一个八岁的男孩 a ten-metre-tall tree 一棵三米高的树
复合形容词构成很多，如下：
（1）数词+名词（单数)
one-child 独生子女的 two-hour 两小时的
（2）数词+名词（单数)+形容词
three-year-old 三岁的 seven-foot-wide 七英尺宽的
8000-meter-long 8000 米长的 six-meter-tall 六米高的
（3）形容词+名词（普通）
full-time 全日制的 high-class 高级的
second-hand 二手的 part-time 业余的
【经典练】1．Alice has a well-paid ________, but she has too much ________ to do.
A．job; work B．work; work C．job; job D．work; job
【写作佳句】（2023·四川乐山·统考二模）Nowadays many young mothers would rather give up their well-paid
jobs to look after the babies on their own.现在许多年轻的母亲为了独自照顾孩子宁愿放弃高薪的工作。
考点 11 according to
11. According to the record， he was guilty of computer crimes in the past.
according to 意为“根据”，后接名词或代词。主要用来表示“根据”某学说、某书刊、某文件、某人所说
等或表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某惯例、某情况等。 例如：
Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。
According to my watch it is five o’clock. 照我的表，现在是 5 点钟。
Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。
【拓展】
（1）according as 意为“根据，随……而定”，后接从句。例如：
Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力做出贡献。
You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬
或批评。
（2） 但是，对于那些由 what, which, whether, how, when, where 等引导的句子，其前要用 according to，不
用 according as。
He is an honest businessman, according to what everyone says. 根据大家所说，他是位诚实的商人。
The amount of tax people pay varies according to where they live. 居住地不同，人们所交的税额也各不相
同。
These apples have been graded according to how big they are. 这些苹果已经按照大小分了等级。
They were arranged according to when they happened. 它们是按发生的时间安排的。
【经典练】1．________ the doctor, the old man was saved and out of danger.
A．Thanks for B．Thanks to C．As for D．According to
【写作佳句】—According to our school rules, teenagers mustn’t be allowed to smoke in the school. 根据我们
的校规，青少年不得在学校吸烟。
考点 12 be charged with
12. He was charged with breaking into several computer systems over the last year.
be charged with 意为“承担……，被指控……，（因某事）谴责（人）”。例如：
Jack is charged with looking after his brother. Jack 负责照看他的弟弟。
The man is charged with murder. 那人被指控杀人。
其主动语态为 charge sb. with…。例如：
The police charged the driver with careless driving. 警察指控这个驾驶员鲁莽驾驶。
【拓展】
charge 作动词，既可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词。
（1）作及物动词，意为“记账；给……充电；委以重任”等。例如：
Please charge these bills to my account. 请把这些帐单记在我的账上。
He forgot to charge the battery. 他忘记给电池充电了。
She was charged with an important mission. 她被委以重任。
（2）作不及物动词，意为“收费，要价；记账；充电”等。例如：
How much do you charge for a room 租一个房间要多少钱？
Charge now，pay later. 现在先记账，以后再付款。
Does your car battery charge easily 你汽车上的蓄电池容易充电吗？
【经典练】1．The suspect who was caught this morning is murder and he has also been guilty of several
crimes before.
A．charged with； other B．charged for； the other
C．curious about； other D．known for； another
【写作佳句】Not only the two computer programmers but also their boss was charged with the murder.不仅这
两个电脑编程员而且他们的老板被指控这次谋杀。
考点 13 suppose
13. We suppose that the victim knew his murderer.
（1）suppose 作及物动词时，意为“假定，猜想”，后面常接宾语从句。例如：
Let’s suppose that the news is true. 让我们假定这个消息时真的。
（2）suppose 和 think, believe 等后跟宾语从句时，主句主语是第一人称时，其反意疑问句与后面的宾语从
句一致。例如：
I suppose she is serious, isn’t she 我猜想她是认真的，不是吗？
（3）对含有 suppose 的疑问句，简略回答中肯定回答用 Yes, I suppose so；否定回答用 No, I suppose not，
或 No, I don’t suppose so. 例如：
— Do you suppose he will come 你猜他会来吗？
— No, I suppose not / don’t suppose so. 不，我猜不会来。
【经典练】1．—Could you give me some advice on how to spend my time wisely
— First of all, you ________ to spend more time studying.
A．suppose B．supposed
C．were supposed D．are supposed
【写作佳句】We are supposed to recycle paper and bottles. It can help to protect the environment.我们应该回
收纸张和瓶子。它可以帮助保护环境。
一．语法精讲——定语从句
A. 什么叫定语？
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。
1.a beautiful girl (beautiful 是前置定语，放在名词前）
2. the film directed by Zhang Yimou (directed by Zhang Yimou 是过去分词短语作后置定语）
3. the book on the desk (on the desk 是介词短语作后置定语，放在名词后）
4.the boy standing under the tree (standing under the tree 是现在分词短语作后置定语）
5. apple trees (apple 是名词作前置定语）
6. his book (his 是形容词性物主代词作前置定语）
7. three apples (three 是现数词作前置定语）
8. I have much homework to do. (to do 是动词不定式作后置定语）
下面以分词、介词短语为例：
①The girl behind the tree is Kate.
②The man driving too fast is a drunk（醉汉）.
提醒：大多数后置定语可以改为定语从句。
【语法】B. 限制性定语从句（Defining relative clauses) 相关概念
定语从句的有关概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。（定语从句要用陈
述句语序）
如：1)The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman.(关系代词如果在定语从句中做主语，要注意从句中
的谓语动单复数要与先行词一致)
2)You must do everything that I do.
在上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that , which ,who (宾格 whom ,所有格 whose )和关系副词 where,
when .关系词（关系代词或关系副词）放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的
一个成分。也就是说关系词有三个作用：
1.引导定语从句。 2.代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
3.连接主句和从句。
例： ①The girl (who is behind the tree) is Kate.
②The man (who is driving too fast) is a drunk.
【语法】C. 有关系代词引导的定语从句。
关系代词 例句
1.A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语)
That 在从句中作主 指物 2.The noodles （that） I cooked were delicious. (作宾
语或宾语(作宾语时 语)
that 可省略) 1.Who is the man that is reading the book over there (作主语)
指人
2.The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister. (作宾语)
Which 在从句中作
1.The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well. (作主语)
主语或宾语(作宾语 指物
2.The songs（which）Liu Dehua sang were very popular. (作宾语)
时可省略)
Who, whom 在从句
1.The man who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. (作主语)
中分别作主语和宾
2.The boy who broke the window is called Roy. (作主语)
语（如果介词放在
指人 3.The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. (作宾语)
从句后面，则 whom
4.Mrs White is the person to whom you should write. (作宾语)
可以省略）
Whose 在从句中作 指人或 1.I like the girl whose hair is long. (作定语)
定语,指物时相当于 物的所 2.I live in the house the windows of which are closed.
of which 有格 = I live in the house whose windows are closed.
（从表中可以看出：用 that 更有通用性）
但是：1）在非限制性定语从句中不能用 that
2) 在介词后面不能用 that
3）先行词是代人的不定代词如 those, somebody 时不能用 that
【语法】D. 有关系副词引导的定语从句：(只作了解)
1.先行词是表示地点的名词时（country, school, room…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点
状语，一般用 where 引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which 的结构。值得注意的是 which 前介词的选择是
根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。
The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum..
The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.
This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.
2.先行词是表示时间的名词（year, month, day, night…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间
状语，一般用 when 引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which 的结构。值得注意的是 which 前介词的选择是根
据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。
The day when（=on which) he was born was Aug.20,1952
The year when (=in which) he died was 1982.
比较：1）This is the school which I visited last year.
2) This is the school in which (where) I stayed last year.
3. 先行词如果 the reason,表示原因，则定语从句用 why = for which 来引导。
This is the reason why I was late for school.
【语法】E. 定语从句分类(只作了解)
定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（又称描述性定语从句）。
1、限制性定语从句与先行词关系密确，对它有限制作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意思，
限制性定语从句前面一般不用逗号。
例 What is the name of the boy who brought us the letter
2、非限制性定语从句只与先行词有一种松散的修饰关系，在口语中用停顿的方法表示，在书面语中
用逗号分开，因此从句中的关系代词不能省略。一般用 which ,who, where 等来引导非限制性定语从句，而
不用 that 来引导非限制性定语从句。
例①I like to talk with John, who is a clever man.
例②Water, which is a clear liquid (液体)，has many uses.
【语法】F. 关于 that ;which 用法请注意(只作了解)
①先行词（物）之前有 all, every, any, no ,little, much, few 等词修饰时，或者其本身为 all, ,everything,
something ,nothing, anything, none；the one；much, few, any, little 等不定代词，定语从句 that 用引导，不能
用 which。(如果先行词是指人的不定代词，则关系代词用 who/whom,不用 that 和 which)
Is there anything that you want to explain
Everyone who heard her sad story was moved to tears.
②先行词（物）前有形容词最高级、序数词或 only, very, the first, the last, the same 表示“惟一”观念的
形容词等修饰时，定语从句用 that 引导,不能用 which.
This is the only reason that I can say.
This is the first step that can be taken.
It is the best one that you may choose.
③ 当主句中有 who, which 时，而定语从句中也要用到 who 或 which 时，为了避免 who…who,
which…which 等重叠，定语从句用 that 引导。
Who is the man that is standing by the door
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk
④先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用 that 引导。
John and his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now.
⑤不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用 that 引导定语从句，而 that 通常省掉。
He is no longer the man that he was.
⑥先行词是一个短语或者是一个句子时，关系代词用 which (大多数情况是非限制性定语从句)
He missed the train ,which annoyed (使......恼火) him very much .
【语法】G. 宾语从句、主语从句与定语从句区分。
定语从句中常用到 that/which/who/whom 等关系代词作主语或宾语；而在宾语从句或者主语、表语等
从句中（特殊疑问句作宾语从句或主语从句时），常用到 what / whom 等疑问代词作主语或宾语。
如：1) We believe what she said. (宾从，不能用 that 来换 what)
We believe anything/the words that/which she said. (定从)
2) I don’t know the girl whom/that I met yesterday.(定从)
3) I don’t know whom the girl likes. (宾从，不能用 that)
4) What he said surprised me . (主从，不能用 that))
Unit 8 Detective stories 写作主题：侦探故事与人身安全
一、话题分析
本单元的话题是“侦探故事与人身安全”，要求学生能简单描述侦探故事的情节或者说明如何保护人身
安全，本单元写作要求同学们能根据相关信息提示简单地描述侦探故事的情节、介绍喜爱的侦探故事或角
色或者说明如何保护人身安全。内容包括侦探故事简介、人物角色、情节、演员介绍、喜爱的侦探故事或
角色、如何保护人身安全等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点：
1. 能用定语从句中的关系代词组织内容；
2. 能用正确的时态描述侦探故事的情节；
3. 能正确使用情态动词或者祈使句谈论人身安全；
4. 能正确书写英语句子。
二、写作步骤
步骤一：确定侦探故事的情节或者说明如何保护人身安全的内容和顺序。
步骤二：列举介绍侦探故事的情节或者说明如何保护人身安全的句型，多多益善。
步骤三：成段成篇，修改完善。
三、词汇积累
1.穿着 be dressed in…
2. 寻找重要事情的线索 look for clues to something important
3. 相当严重 much more serious
4. 丢失 go missing
5. 做笔录 make notes on
6. 讲实话 tell the truth
7. 中等身高 of medium height
8. 看见某人做了某事 see sb do sth
9. 某人被看见做了某事 be seen to do sth
10. 看见某人正在做某事 see sb doing sth
11. 某人被看见正在做某事 be seen doing sth
(和 see 用法相似的有 hear, watch,notice)
12. 发生 take place happen(没有被动语态）
13. 查出（真相） find out..
14.别的某个地方 somewhere else
15. 带到某地 bring to sp
16.一些非同寻常的事情 something unusual
17.要求某人做某事 ask sb to do sth
18.被…弄伤 be wounded with
19. 流血而死 bleed to death
20.结果 as a result
21.破案 solve the case
22. 一份工资很高工作 a well-paid job
23.根据 according to
24. 犯有…罪行 be guilty of
25. 被控告… be charged with
26.破门闯入 break into
27. 树敌 make sb some enemies
28. so far 到目前为止
29. 呼吸严重 breathe heavily
30. 提供… 奖赏 offer a reward of…
31. 导致 lead to
32. 破案高手 a master at solving crimes
33. 结果是 turn out
34.坐牢 in prison
35. 和… 无关 have nothing to do with.
36. 匆忙做某事 be in a hurry to do sth
37. 一个富有人 a wealthy man a man of wealth
38.防范，提防某事 guard against sth
39.保护…免遭... protect…. from…
40.最好(不）做某事 had better （not）do sth
41.做事情谋生 do sth for a living
42.与…和睦相处 get…along /on with
四、句型积累
1) The police have confirmed that the victim was a computer engineer.
2) He was last seen leaving his office in New Town at about 7 p.m. last night.
3) We should remember to lock the door to our home when we go out.
4) And we'd better shut all the windows too.
5) We shouldn't carry a lot of money with us.
6) We need to pay attention to strangers around us when we're out.
7) We'd better not go out alone at night. It can be dangerous.
五、写作训练
1．每个人的生命只有一次。假设你是李华，你班将举办以"How to protect our lives"为主题的英文班会，请
你从安全和健康的角度入手，写一篇关于如何珍惜和保护我们生命的英语短文, 要点如下:
1）交通安全, 校园安全;
2）健康的饮食和生活;
3）……
注意: 1）词数 80~100;
2）可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3）文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称。
参考词汇:treasure 珍惜
How to protect ou rlives
It is very important for us to know how to treasure and protect our lives.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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1．【参考范文】
First of all, we should obey the traffic rules and pay attention to traffic safety. Secondly, we should not chase
and fight in school. Don't climb trees, and don't play dangerous games. Thirdly, we should eat some healthy food,
such as vegetables, fruit and so on. They can help us maintain a healthy body. Finally, a good sleep can also
assure us a healthy body. We should sleep seven to eight hours a day to maintain adequate sleep.
We can learn to treasure and protect ourselves, I believe we can have a healthy body and a better life.
【范文点评】这是一篇提纲作文。要求以“ How to protect our lives ”为题写一篇关于如何珍惜和保护我们生
命的英语短文，注意从健康和安全的角度入手，包括以下要点：交通安全和校园安全；健康的饮食和生活
等，以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主，可以适当发挥，使用一些祈使句，注意英语表达和汉语的
不同，使用正确的词汇和句式，注意语法规范。
【点评】这篇文章紧扣题目标题。要点齐全，层次清楚分明，内容完整，表达准确，句子简洁明了。使用
了一些连词如 First of all, Secondly ， Thirdly ， Finally, 使文章条理清晰，使用了一些短语，如 pay
attention to ， such as ， and so on 等，给文章增色，祈使句的使用使文章更让人警醒和信服，如 Don't
climb trees 和 don't play dangerous games. 最后一句 I believe we can have a healthy body and a better life.
的使用写出了对人们的期望。
【重点短语】
1. be dressed like that 穿成那样
2. look for clues to something important 寻找重要事情的线索
3. much more serious 严重得多
4. go missing 不见了
5. make notes on sb 对某人做笔录
6. Who do you think is not telling the truth 你认为谁没有说真话？
7. in another place when the murder happened 发生凶案时在另一个地方
8. an office worker of medium height 中等身高的办公室职员
9. look untidy and nervous 看起来不整洁而且很紧张
10. a computer engineer 一名电脑工程师
11. be last seen doing sth. 最后一次被看见正在做某事
12. take place between 9 p.m. last night and 1 a.m. this morning 发生在昨晚 9 点到今早 1 点之间
13. work at the scene of the crime 在案发现场工作
14. be killed at the place where he was found 在他被发现的地方被杀
15. ask someone to contact us 请某人与我们联系
16. be wounded with a knife 被刀刺伤
17. bleed to death 流血过多而死
18. check the scene for more clues 检查现场寻找更多线索
check the scene for fingerprints 检查现场寻找指纹
19. solve the case 破案
20. have a well-paid job 收入很高
21. according to the record 根据记录
22. be guilty of computer crimes 参与电脑犯罪活动
23. be charged with… 因……被指控
24. break into several computer systems 闯入几家电脑系统
25. make him some enemies 给他借了仇家
26. a short thin man 一个又矮又瘦的男人
27. run down the street 沿着街道跑
28. breathe heavily 气喘吁吁，喘着粗气
29. have blood on his shirt 衬衫上有血迹
30. at the time the crime 在案发时
31. offer a reward for useful information 提供赏金以获取有用的信息
32. lead to the arrest of the murderer 导致凶手的被捕
33. contact the police on … (number) 通过……(号码)与警方联系
34. speak and act against you 说不利于你的话，做不利于你的事
35. do something against the law 做违法的事
36. be sure of sth 对……很确定
37. the murder case 谋杀案
38. have something to do with the murder 与凶杀案有关
39. the elderly couple 老夫妻
40. first write detective stories in English 第一个用英文写侦探小说
41. require readers to check every tiny detail for possible clues 需要读者核查每一个可能成为刑事
案
to the criminal cases 件线索的细微之处
42. a master at solving crimes 一个擅长破案的人
43. appear in a cartoon series popular among teenagers 深受青少年喜爱卡通系列剧
44. a female writer 一个女作家
45. the queen of crime novels 犯罪小说女王
46. in a rubbish bin 在垃圾桶里
47. be covered in blood 在血泊中
48. the drawing of … ……的画像
49. Has there been any progress in the murder case 谋杀案有进展吗？
50. report the crime to the police 向警方举报罪行
51. commit the crime 犯罪
52. It turned out that he had nothing to do with this case. 结果是他与此案无关。
53. work in a meat market 在一家肉市场工作
54. be in a hurry to catch a bus 忙着去赶公共汽车
hurry to catch a bus
55. a man of great wealth 一位有钱人
56. sometime between … and … 在……到……期间的某时
57. be once in prison for six months 曾入狱 6 个月
58. on the morning of 28 December 在 12 月 28 日早晨
59. at his sister’s wedding 在他姐姐的婚礼
60. have no criminal record 没有犯罪记录
61. safety tips 安全建议
62. protect yourselves against crime 保护你们自己抵制罪案
63. lock the door 锁门
64. shut all the windows 关好所有的窗户
65. carry a lot of money with sb. 随身带很多钱
66. go out alone at night 独自外出
67. guard against any possible danger around us 提防我们周围任何有可能的危险
68. get along with all of his neighbour 与所有的邻居相处得很好
69. do sth for a living
make a living by doing sth 做某事来谋生
e home from work 下班回家
71. take the necklace to the police station 把项链送去警局
72. steal some valuable jewellery 偷了一些珍贵的珠宝
73. see someone run from the jewellery shop into the building 看见有人跑出珠宝店又跑进大楼
74. right after the theft 就在窃案后
75. call the police 报警
76. You’re under arrest for murder. 你因谋杀而被捕了。
Grammar
1. Relative clauses 定语从句
①定义: 修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
②先行词: 被修饰的名词或代词。
③引导词: 引导定语从句的词为关系代词: that / which / who / whom;
关系副词: when/ where/ why (初中阶段不作要求)
Eg. She is the girl who I am waiting for. (the girl 为先行词, who 为引导词, who I am waiting for
为定语从句)
④定语从句的位置: 一般位于先行词之后。
⑤引导词的功能(作用) : 必须在定语从句中充当某一成分
●关系代词 who/ that 指人, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。
Mr. Zhang is just the man (who/ that) I want to talk with. (作宾语可省略)
Yesterday I met an old woman who got lost. (作主语不能省)
●关系代词 which/that 指物, 在定语从句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。
This is the watch ( that / which) I bought last week. (作宾语可省略)
The building that / which lies to the south of our school is a hospital. (作主语不能省)
●以下情况只能用关系代词 that:
A.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时;
B.当先行词为不同类型的名词时;
C.当先行词本身是 all 时, 用 that (all that = what);
D.当先行词为 something, anything, nothing, everything, thing 时;
E.当先行词前有 all, much, little, many, (a) few, every, some, any, no, only, the very, one of, the only, the
last, the next 等修饰语时。
●以下情况只能用关系代词 who
A.先行词是 these , those, that 指人时;
B.先行词是人称代词 (he, she... )时;
C.不定代词 someone, anyone, everyone, no one , somebody, anybody, everybody 作先行词时。Unit8 Detective stories
核心话题 侦探故事与人身安全
重点词汇 1.missing 2.untidy 3.truth 4.guess 5.lie6.somewhere 7.wound 8.enemy 9.single
10.suppose 11.only 12.report 13.heavily 14.couple15.probably 16.boss 17.hurry
18.wealth 19.safety 20.lock 21.shut 22.guard23.steal
重点短语 1.go missing2.make notes on sb.3.tell the truth 4.of medium height5.breath
Unit8 heavily6.be wounded with a knife 7.bleed to death8.a master at solving cases 9.a
well-paid job 10.be guilty of… 11.be charged with12.break into 13.make sb.
enemies14.lead to 15.offer a reward for…16.be in a hurry to do sth.17.in
prison18.turn out 19.get along with 20.do something to do with…
重点句型 1.I want to know how you get on/ along with your new classmates.
2.A reward of 1000 will be given to the witness who offers clues to the case.
3. It turned out that the man who broke into the bank that day was his brother.
4.I wonder whether you have something to do with kidnapping the little boy.
5.The man who has criminal record is the murderer of the criminal case.
6. He was under arrest/arrested for stealing valuable jewellery by the police.
7.He once told me that he had been in the Computer Club for two years.
8.Can you tell me what he is /he has been charged with
9. No one knows what the old man did for a living in the past.
10.He was in prison for three years and a half because of theft.
语法 定语从句
写作 简单描述侦探故事的情节或者说明如何保护人身安全
考点 1 happen 的用法
1. happen
happen 是不及物动词，它的用法有：
(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。
例如：
The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在 2008 年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如：
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。
What happened to you 你怎么啦？
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
【拓展】
happen 和 take place 的辨析：
(1) happen 指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。例如：
What happened to him 他出了什么事？
(2) take place 常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计
划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
注意：happen 和 take place 均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
【经典练】1．（2022秋·天津和平·九年级校考期末）The accident _________ last night. His father died ________
it.
A．happened, of B．happened, from
C．was happened, of D．was taken place, from
【答案】B
【详解】句意：事故发生在昨晚。他的父亲因此而死。考查被动语态和动词短语。happen 发生；take place
发生。两个动词都不用于被动语态，排除 CD；die of 多用于指疾病、衰老等内部原因导致的死亡；die from
指外部原因造成的死亡。事故是外部原因，应用 die from。故选 B。
【写作佳句】Get prepared so that you can set off immediately if something happens.做好准备，以便在发生什
么事情时能够立即出发。
考点 2. missing
missing 是 miss 的动名词形式，还可作形容词，表示“（现在）处于丢失的状态”。例如：
My key to my house is still missing now. 我家的钥匙还是找不到。
【拓展】
（1）miss 作动词，意为“想念／错过”。例如：
We have never seen each other for a long time, so I miss you very much. 因为我们彼此很长时间没有见面
了， 所以我非常想念你。
She missed an important meeting yesterday. 她昨天错过了一次重要的会议。
（2）lose 作动词，意为“丢失，损失”，过去式是 lost，lost 还可作形容词，意为“丢失的，迷路的”。
例如：
They lost a large sum of money on that project.他们在那个项目上损失了一大笔钱。
The twin brothers are (get) lost in the forest. 这对双胞胎弟弟在森林里迷路了。
【经典练】1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Hurry up, ________ you will miss the beginning of the concert.
A．so B．or C．and D．but
【答案】B
【详解】句意：快点，否则你会错过音乐会的开场。考查连词辨析。so 所以；or 否则；and 和；but 但是。
根据“Hurry up...you will miss”可知要快点，否则就会错过音乐会的开场。故选 B。
【写作佳句】（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）In order not to miss the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get up
early this morning.为了不错过最早的航班，今天早晨我妹妹强迫自己早起。
考点 3. dress
dress 作动词，意为“穿着，穿衣”，后面一般接表示人的名词或代词作宾语，不接表示衣服的名词。例
如：
The boy can dress himself. 那个男孩儿可以自己穿衣服。
（1）dress up 意为“装扮，乔装打扮”或者“穿上盛装，打扮”。例如：
You don’t need dress up for the party. 你不必为这个聚会精心打扮。
The boy often dresses up as a monkey. 那个男孩常装扮成一只猴子。
（2）be dressed 意为“穿着”，表示一种状态，后面跟介词 in 可以和接表示颜色的词。例如：
She was dressed in white.她穿着白色衣服。
【拓展】
wear，put on，dress 与 in
（1）wear 表示穿着、戴着的某种状态。例如：
She wears a pink coat. 她穿着一件粉红色大衣。
（2）put on 表示穿戴的动作。例如：
She put on her beautiful hat. 她戴上了她的漂亮帽子。
（3）dress 后接人作宾语，表示“给……穿衣”。例如：
She dresses herself every day. 她每天自己穿衣。
（4）in 与 wear 都表示“穿”或者“戴”，wear 在句中作谓语，in 与其他词一起构成介宾短语，做句子的
定语、表语等。例如：
She is in pink. 她穿着粉红色的衣服。
【经典练】1．Although Lucy is only three years old, she is able to ________ herself.
A．put B．make C．wear D．dress
【答案】D
【详解】句意：尽管露西只有三岁，但她已经能自己穿衣服了。考查动词辨析。put 放；make 制作；wear
穿；dress 穿衣服。dress oneself 表示“自己穿衣服”，固定用法。故选 D。
【写作佳句】（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Dressing up as a ghost is highly unusual in our culture. People
think it will bring bad luck.在我们的文化中，扮鬼是极不寻常的。人们认为这会带来厄运。
考点 4. confirm
（1）作动词，意为“证实;确定”，后接宾语，that 引导的从句或特殊疑问词引导的从句。例如：
His letter confirmed everything. 他的信证实了一切。
I gave the policeman a number to ring to confirm the fact. 我给警察一个电话号码，要他打电话证实此事。
（2）作动词，意为“ 坚定;加强”。例如：
The latest developments confirmed me in my belief. 最新的发展使我坚信我的信仰。
（3）作动词，还意为“批准,确认”。例如：
The Mayor confirmed the treaty. 市长批准了此项条约
【经典练】1．（2022 秋·广东深圳·九年级校考期中）He asked the question again to ________ the information.
A．punish B．confirm C．publish D．comfort
【答案】B
【详解】句意：他又问了一遍这个问题，来确认信息。
考查动词辨析。punish 惩罚；confirm 确认；publish 出版；comfort 安慰。根据“asked the question again”可
知是确认信息，故选 B。
【写作佳句】When your friend sends you a message to borrow money online, you’d better phone him to confirm
that.当你的朋友给你发信息在网上借钱时，你最好打电话给他确认一下。
考点 5.find out
find out 意为“查明白、弄清楚”，多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况，查出的东西往往是
抽象的，如时间、事实、真相等。例如：
Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。
【拓展】
（1）find 意为“找到、发现”，指偶然发现或经过一番寻找，找到值得或所需的东西，强调找的结果。
例如：
I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的书。
（2）look for 意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如：
Jim is looking for his little dog. Jim 正在找他的狗。
（3）discover 意为“发现”，指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。例如：
China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中国在南海发现了石油。
（4）invent 意为“发明”指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。例如：
Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。
【经典练】1．Our geography teacher told us to __________ more information about our city and share it next
week.
A．keep away B．find out C．turn off
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们的地理老师告诉我们要发现关于我们城市的更多信息，下周分享。考查动词短语辨析。
keep away 远离；find out 找出，发现；turn off 关掉。根据“...more information...and share”可知，要分享你找
到的信息，选项 B 符合语境。故选 B。
【写作佳句】（2023·四川甘孜·统考中考真题）We should find out who broke the door of the classroom yesterday.
我们应该找出昨天是谁打破了教室的门。
考点 6. death
death 作名词，意为“死亡”。例如：
She cried out after knowing his husband’s death. 知道丈夫的死讯后，她大哭起来。
【拓展】
（1）die 作动词，意为“死亡”。例如：
His father died last week. 他的父亲上周去世了。
（2）dead 作形容词，意为“死的”，指状态，可以和一段时间连用。例如：
He found a dead bird in the garden. 他在花园里发现一只死鸟。
（3）dying 作形容词，意为“快要死的；奄奄一息的”。例如：
The dying man was saved by a kind-hearted lady.
那位奄奄一息的老人被一位好心女士救了。
【经典练】1．（2022 秋·黑龙江佳木斯·九年级统考期末）At last the poor old woman _________ but the doctor
didn’t know the reason of her _________.
A．died; death B．dead; died C．death; dead
【答案】A
【详解】句意：最后那个贫穷的老妇人死了，但是医生不知道她去世的原因。
考查动词以及名词的用法。died 死，动词过去式；death 死亡，名词；dead 死的，形容词。第一个空作句
子的谓语，用动词；形容词性物主代词 her 后加名词。故选 A。
【写作佳句】（2021·青海·统考中考真题）—Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, passed away on May
22.His death is a huge loss for our country.袁隆平，杂交水稻之父，于 5 月 22 日去世。他的死是我们国家的
巨大损失。
考点 7. so far
so far“迄今为止；到目前为止”，常用于现在完成时，可以放在句末或句首。例如：
He has written three books so far. 到目前为止他已经写了三本书。
We have learned about 2500 words so far. 迄今为止我们已学了大约 2500 个单词。
【拓展】
英语中现在完成时的其他标志词：already（已经）；just（刚刚）；never（从不）；ever（曾经）；yet（仍
然）；for+一段时间；since（自从）+过去时间等。例如：
I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。
— Has the train started yet 火车已经开了吗？
— Not yet. 还没有。
He has been to many places since he came to China. 自从他来到中国以来，已经到过许多地方了。
【经典练】1．（2023·福建三明·统考二模）The traffic was too heavy. ________, we missed our train to Shanghai
yesterday.
A．In short B．So far C．As a result
【答案】C
【详解】句意：交通太拥挤了。因此，我们昨天错过了去上海的火车。考查插入语。In short 简言之；So far
目前为止；As a result 结果。根据“The traffic was too heavy”可知此处指“交通太拥挤，结果，错过了去上海
的火车”。故选 C。
【写作佳句】（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）So far, red tourism (旅游业) has developed quickly and
it’s becoming more and more popular.到目前为止，红色旅游发展迅速，越来越受欢迎。
考点 8. provide
provide 作动词，意为“提供，供给”，常与介词 with 连用，provide sb.with sth.表示“供应给某人某物”；
也可以用于 provide sth. for sb.，表示“为某人提供某物”，provide 的宾语是被提供的东西，for 的宾语是接受
这些东西的人等。
The sun provides us with light and heat.＝The sun provides light and heat for us.太阳给我们提供光和热。
【拓展】
辨析：offer 与 provide
offer（1）给予，提供(有主观上愿意供给的意思)
He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。
（2）愿意，试图(做某事)；提议[+to do]
They offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。
（3）offer 还有“出价，给工资”的意思。
We offered him the calculator for $50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。
provide （1）作及物动词，“提供装备，供给”, provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.表示“为某人提供
某物”。例如：
She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。
（2）作不及物动词，“抚养，赡养”(+for)
He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family.他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭。
【经典练】1．— Are you going to Tibet for vacation
— Yes, I want you to ______ me with more information about it.
A．offer B．provide C．afford D．share
【答案】B
【详解】句意： ——你要去西藏度假吗？——是的，我希望你能给我提供更多的信息。
考查动词辨析。offer 提供；provide 提供；afford 负担得起；share 分享。根据“me with more information about
it.”可知，希望对方提供信息，结合 with 可知，此处是短语 provide sb with sth“为某人提供某物”。故选 B。
【写作佳句】（2022·福建·统考中考真题）Since 2021, our school has provided all kinds of after-school services
for students.从 2021 年开始，学校为学生提供各种课外服务。
考点 9. A detective is someone who looks for clues to something important.
句子 who looks for clues to something important 在此作 someone 的定语，构成含有定语从句的复合句。引
导定语从句的关系词有：that; who; when; why; where 等。
（1）关系词 that，既可指人，也可指物。例如：
The man that you met is my teacher. 你遇到的那个人是我的老师。
She is the singer that I saw last week. 她就是我上周遇到的那个歌唱家。
（2）关系代词 who（指人），whom（who 的宾格形式），whose，which（指物）。例如：
The room whose window is broken is our classroom. 那个窗户坏了的房间是我们的教室。
He is the man who knows the answer. 他是那个知道答案的人。
（3）关系副词 when（指时间），why（表原因），where（表地点）。例如：
That is the place where I was born. 那就是我出生的地方。
Can you tell me the time when you were born 你能告诉我你出生的时间吗？
考点 10 well-paid
10. He had many friends and a well-paid job.
well-paid 是一个复合形容词，意为“高薪的”。复合形容词是由两个或两个以上的单词组成，用来修饰
一个名词。组成复合形容词的每个形容词之间要用连字符连接以避免混淆和词不达意。
复合形容词主要用来作定语,并且只作前置定语,即要放在被修饰词之前。它也可以作形容词,表示一个长时
间的特点或性质。例如：
an eight- year-old boy 一个八岁的男孩 a ten-metre-tall tree 一棵三米高的树
复合形容词构成很多，如下：
（1）数词+名词（单数)
one-child 独生子女的 two-hour 两小时的
（2）数词+名词（单数)+形容词
three-year-old 三岁的 seven-foot-wide 七英尺宽的
8000-meter-long 8000 米长的 six-meter-tall 六米高的
（3）形容词+名词（普通）
full-time 全日制的 high-class 高级的
second-hand 二手的 part-time 业余的
【经典练】1．Alice has a well-paid ________, but she has too much ________ to do.
A．job; work B．work; work C．job; job D．work; job
【答案】A
【详解】句意：爱丽丝有一份高薪的工作，但是她有太多的工作要做。考查名词辨析。work 工作，不可数
名词；job 工作，可数名词。根据“a well-paid”可知第一空用可数名词单数 job；结合 much 可知第二空用不
可数名词 work，故选 A。
【写作佳句】（2023·四川乐山·统考二模）Nowadays many young mothers would rather give up their well-paid
jobs to look after the babies on their own.现在许多年轻的母亲为了独自照顾孩子宁愿放弃高薪的工作。
考点 11 according to
11. According to the record， he was guilty of computer crimes in the past.
according to 意为“根据”，后接名词或代词。主要用来表示“根据”某学说、某书刊、某文件、某人所说
等或表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某惯例、某情况等。 例如：
Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。
According to my watch it is five o’clock. 照我的表，现在是 5 点钟。
Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。
【拓展】
（1）according as 意为“根据，随……而定”，后接从句。例如：
Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力做出贡献。
You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬
或批评。
（2） 但是，对于那些由 what, which, whether, how, when, where 等引导的句子，其前要用 according to，不
用 according as。
He is an honest businessman, according to what everyone says. 根据大家所说，他是位诚实的商人。
The amount of tax people pay varies according to where they live. 居住地不同，人们所交的税额也各不相
同。
These apples have been graded according to how big they are. 这些苹果已经按照大小分了等级。
They were arranged according to when they happened. 它们是按发生的时间安排的。
【经典练】1．________ the doctor, the old man was saved and out of danger.
A．Thanks for B．Thanks to C．As for D．According to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：多亏了医生，老人得救了脱离了危险。
考查短语辨析。Thanks for 为……而感谢；Thanks to 多亏，由于；As for 至于；According to 根据。根据
“...the doctor, the old man was saved and out of danger”可知，老人脱离危险是由于医生的救治，选项 B 符合
语境。故选 B。
【写作佳句】—According to our school rules, teenagers mustn’t be allowed to smoke in the school. 根据我们
的校规，青少年不得在学校吸烟。
考点 12 be charged with
12. He was charged with breaking into several computer systems over the last year.
be charged with 意为“承担……，被指控……，（因某事）谴责（人）”。例如：
Jack is charged with looking after his brother. Jack 负责照看他的弟弟。
The man is charged with murder. 那人被指控杀人。
其主动语态为 charge sb. with…。例如：
The police charged the driver with careless driving. 警察指控这个驾驶员鲁莽驾驶。
【拓展】
charge 作动词，既可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词。
（1）作及物动词，意为“记账；给……充电；委以重任”等。例如：
Please charge these bills to my account. 请把这些帐单记在我的账上。
He forgot to charge the battery. 他忘记给电池充电了。
She was charged with an important mission. 她被委以重任。
（2）作不及物动词，意为“收费，要价；记账；充电”等。例如：
How much do you charge for a room 租一个房间要多少钱？
Charge now，pay later. 现在先记账，以后再付款。
Does your car battery charge easily 你汽车上的蓄电池容易充电吗？
【经典练】1．The suspect who was caught this morning is murder and he has also been guilty of several
crimes before.
A．charged with； other B．charged for； the other
C．curious about； other D．known for； another
【答案】A
【详解】试题分析：句意：今天早上被抓到的犯罪嫌疑人被指控犯有谋杀罪，他以前也犯过几次其他罪行。
charge ...with 固定结构，控告……犯了某罪，curious about 好奇；known for，以……出名。根据句意，主
语为“嫌疑人”，宾语为罪名，故选 A。another 另一个，再一个，表示在原来的基础上增加一个；the other，
指两个中的另一个；other 表示泛指，其他的，做形容词时后加名词复数。综上，故选 A。
【写作佳句】Not only the two computer programmers but also their boss was charged with the murder.不仅这两
个电脑编程员而且他们的老板被指控这次谋杀。
考点 13 suppose
13. We suppose that the victim knew his murderer.
（1）suppose 作及物动词时，意为“假定，猜想”，后面常接宾语从句。例如：
Let’s suppose that the news is true. 让我们假定这个消息时真的。
（2）suppose 和 think, believe 等后跟宾语从句时，主句主语是第一人称时，其反意疑问句与后面的宾语从
句一致。例如：
I suppose she is serious, isn’t she 我猜想她是认真的，不是吗？
（3）对含有 suppose 的疑问句，简略回答中肯定回答用 Yes, I suppose so；否定回答用 No, I suppose not，
或 No, I don’t suppose so. 例如：
— Do you suppose he will come 你猜他会来吗？
— No, I suppose not / don’t suppose so. 不，我猜不会来。
【经典练】1．—Could you give me some advice on how to spend my time wisely
— First of all, you ________ to spend more time studying.
A．suppose B．supposed
C．were supposed D．are supposed
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你能给我一些建议关于如何明智地使用时间吗？——首先，你应该花更多的时间学习。
考查动词短语。短语“应该”英文表达为 be supposed to do，该句表建议是一般现在时。故选 D。
【写作佳句】We are supposed to recycle paper and bottles. It can help to protect the environment.我们应该回收
纸张和瓶子。它可以帮助保护环境。
一．语法精讲——定语从句
A. 什么叫定语？
定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。
1.a beautiful girl (beautiful 是前置定语，放在名词前）
2. the film directed by Zhang Yimou (directed by Zhang Yimou 是过去分词短语作后置定语）
3. the book on the desk (on the desk 是介词短语作后置定语，放在名词后）
4.the boy standing under the tree (standing under the tree 是现在分词短语作后置定语）
5. apple trees (apple 是名词作前置定语）
6. his book (his 是形容词性物主代词作前置定语）
7. three apples (three 是现数词作前置定语）
8. I have much homework to do. (to do 是动词不定式作后置定语）
下面以分词、介词短语为例：
①The girl behind the tree is Kate.
②The man driving too fast is a drunk（醉汉）.
提醒：大多数后置定语可以改为定语从句。
【语法】B. 限制性定语从句（Defining relative clauses) 相关概念
定语从句的有关概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。（定语从句要用陈
述句语序）
如：1)The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman.(关系代词如果在定语从句中做主语，要注意从句中
的谓语动单复数要与先行词一致)
2)You must do everything that I do.
在上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that , which ,who (宾格 whom ,所有格 whose )和关系副词 where,
when .关系词（关系代词或关系副词）放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的
一个成分。也就是说关系词有三个作用：
1.引导定语从句。 2.代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
3.连接主句和从句。
例： ①The girl (who is behind the tree) is Kate.
②The man (who is driving too fast) is a drunk.
【语法】C. 有关系代词引导的定语从句。
关系代词 例句
1.A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语)
That 在从句中作主 指物 2.The noodles （that） I cooked were delicious. (作宾
语或宾语(作宾语时 语)
that 可省略) 1.Who is the man that is reading the book over there (作主语)
指人
2.The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister. (作宾语)
Which 在从句中作
1.The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well. (作主语)
主语或宾语(作宾语 指物
2.The songs（which）Liu Dehua sang were very popular. (作宾语)
时可省略)
Who, whom 在从句
1.The man who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. (作主语)
中分别作主语和宾
2.The boy who broke the window is called Roy. (作主语)
语（如果介词放在
指人 3.The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. (作宾语)
从句后面，则 whom
4.Mrs White is the person to whom you should write. (作宾语)
可以省略）
Whose 在从句中作 指人或 1.I like the girl whose hair is long. (作定语)
定语,指物时相当于 物的所 2.I live in the house the windows of which are closed.
of which 有格 = I live in the house whose windows are closed.
（从表中可以看出：用 that 更有通用性）
但是：1）在非限制性定语从句中不能用 that
2) 在介词后面不能用 that
3）先行词是代人的不定代词如 those, somebody 时不能用 that
【语法】D. 有关系副词引导的定语从句：(只作了解)
1.先行词是表示地点的名词时（country, school, room…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点
状语，一般用 where 引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which 的结构。值得注意的是 which 前介词的选择是
根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。
The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum..
The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his.
This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.
2.先行词是表示时间的名词（year, month, day, night…），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间
状语，一般用 when 引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which 的结构。值得注意的是 which 前介词的选择是根
据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。
The day when（=on which) he was born was Aug.20,1952
The year when (=in which) he died was 1982.
比较：1）This is the school which I visited last year.
2) This is the school in which (where) I stayed last year.
3. 先行词如果 the reason,表示原因，则定语从句用 why = for which 来引导。
This is the reason why I was late for school.
【语法】E. 定语从句分类(只作了解)
定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（又称描述性定语从句）。
1、限制性定语从句与先行词关系密确，对它有限制作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意思，
限制性定语从句前面一般不用逗号。
例 What is the name of the boy who brought us the letter
2、非限制性定语从句只与先行词有一种松散的修饰关系，在口语中用停顿的方法表示，在书面语中
用逗号分开，因此从句中的关系代词不能省略。一般用 which ,who, where 等来引导非限制性定语从句，而
不用 that 来引导非限制性定语从句。
例①I like to talk with John, who is a clever man.
例②Water, which is a clear liquid (液体)，has many uses.
【语法】F. 关于 that ;which 用法请注意(只作了解)
①先行词（物）之前有 all, every, any, no ,little, much, few 等词修饰时，或者其本身为 all, ,everything,
something ,nothing, anything, none；the one；much, few, any, little 等不定代词，定语从句 that 用引导，不能
用 which。(如果先行词是指人的不定代词，则关系代词用 who/whom,不用 that 和 which)
Is there anything that you want to explain
Everyone who heard her sad story was moved to tears.
②先行词（物）前有形容词最高级、序数词或 only, very, the first, the last, the same 表示“惟一”观念的
形容词等修饰时，定语从句用 that 引导,不能用 which.
This is the only reason that I can say.
This is the first step that can be taken.
It is the best one that you may choose.
③ 当主句中有 who, which 时，而定语从句中也要用到 who 或 which 时，为了避免 who…who,
which…which 等重叠，定语从句用 that 引导。
Who is the man that is standing by the door
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk
④先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用 that 引导。
John and his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now.
⑤不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用 that 引导定语从句，而 that 通常省掉。
He is no longer the man that he was.
⑥先行词是一个短语或者是一个句子时，关系代词用 which (大多数情况是非限制性定语从句)
He missed the train ,which annoyed (使......恼火) him very much .
【语法】G. 宾语从句、主语从句与定语从句区分。
定语从句中常用到 that/which/who/whom 等关系代词作主语或宾语；而在宾语从句或者主语、表语等
从句中（特殊疑问句作宾语从句或主语从句时），常用到 what / whom 等疑问代词作主语或宾语。
如：1) We believe what she said. (宾从，不能用 that 来换 what)
We believe anything/the words that/which she said. (定从)
2) I don’t know the girl whom/that I met yesterday.(定从)
3) I don’t know whom the girl likes. (宾从，不能用 that)
4) What he said surprised me . (主从，不能用 that))
Unit 8 Detective stories 写作主题：侦探故事与人身安全
一、话题分析
本单元的话题是“侦探故事与人身安全”，要求学生能简单描述侦探故事的情节或者说明如何保护人身
安全，本单元写作要求同学们能根据相关信息提示简单地描述侦探故事的情节、介绍喜爱的侦探故事或角
色或者说明如何保护人身安全。内容包括侦探故事简介、人物角色、情节、演员介绍、喜爱的侦探故事或
角色、如何保护人身安全等。在具体的写作中，学生应做到以下几点：
1. 能用定语从句中的关系代词组织内容；
2. 能用正确的时态描述侦探故事的情节；
3. 能正确使用情态动词或者祈使句谈论人身安全；
4. 能正确书写英语句子。
二、写作步骤
步骤一：确定侦探故事的情节或者说明如何保护人身安全的内容和顺序。
步骤二：列举介绍侦探故事的情节或者说明如何保护人身安全的句型，多多益善。
步骤三：成段成篇，修改完善。
三、词汇积累
1.穿着 be dressed in…
2. 寻找重要事情的线索 look for clues to something important
3. 相当严重 much more serious
4. 丢失 go missing
5. 做笔录 make notes on
6. 讲实话 tell the truth
7. 中等身高 of medium height
8. 看见某人做了某事 see sb do sth
9. 某人被看见做了某事 be seen to do sth
10. 看见某人正在做某事 see sb doing sth
11. 某人被看见正在做某事 be seen doing sth
(和 see 用法相似的有 hear, watch,notice)
12. 发生 take place happen(没有被动语态）
13. 查出（真相） find out..
14.别的某个地方 somewhere else
15. 带到某地 bring to sp
16.一些非同寻常的事情 something unusual
17.要求某人做某事 ask sb to do sth
18.被…弄伤 be wounded with
19. 流血而死 bleed to death
20.结果 as a result
21.破案 solve the case
22. 一份工资很高工作 a well-paid job
23.根据 according to
24. 犯有…罪行 be guilty of
25. 被控告… be charged with
26.破门闯入 break into
27. 树敌 make sb some enemies
28. so far 到目前为止
29. 呼吸严重 breathe heavily
30. 提供… 奖赏 offer a reward of…
31. 导致 lead to
32. 破案高手 a master at solving crimes
33. 结果是 turn out
34.坐牢 in prison
35. 和… 无关 have nothing to do with.
36. 匆忙做某事 be in a hurry to do sth
37. 一个富有人 a wealthy man a man of wealth
38.防范，提防某事 guard against sth
39.保护…免遭... protect…. from…
40.最好(不）做某事 had better （not）do sth
41.做事情谋生 do sth for a living
42.与…和睦相处 get…along /on with
四、句型积累
1) The police have confirmed that the victim was a computer engineer.
2) He was last seen leaving his office in New Town at about 7 p.m. last night.
3) We should remember to lock the door to our home when we go out.
4) And we'd better shut all the windows too.
5) We shouldn't carry a lot of money with us.
6) We need to pay attention to strangers around us when we're out.
7) We'd better not go out alone at night. It can be dangerous.
五、写作训练
1．每个人的生命只有一次。假设你是李华，你班将举办以"How to protect our lives"为主题的英文班会，请
你从安全和健康的角度入手，写一篇关于如何珍惜和保护我们生命的英语短文, 要点如下:
1）交通安全, 校园安全;
2）健康的饮食和生活;
3）……
注意: 1）词数 80~100;
2）可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3）文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称。
参考词汇:treasure 珍惜
How to protect ou rlives
It is very important for us to know how to treasure and protect our lives.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
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1．【参考范文】
First of all, we should obey the traffic rules and pay attention to traffic safety. Secondly, we should not chase
and fight in school. Don't climb trees, and don't play dangerous games. Thirdly, we should eat some healthy food,
such as vegetables, fruit and so on. They can help us maintain a healthy body. Finally, a good sleep can also
assure us a healthy body. We should sleep seven to eight hours a day to maintain adequate sleep.
We can learn to treasure and protect ourselves, I believe we can have a healthy body and a better life.
【范文点评】这是一篇提纲作文。要求以“ How to protect our lives ”为题写一篇关于如何珍惜和保护我们生
命的英语短文，注意从健康和安全的角度入手，包括以下要点：交通安全和校园安全；健康的饮食和生活
等，以第一人称为主，时态以一般现在时为主，可以适当发挥，使用一些祈使句，注意英语表达和汉语的
不同，使用正确的词汇和句式，注意语法规范。
【点评】这篇文章紧扣题目标题。要点齐全，层次清楚分明，内容完整，表达准确，句子简洁明了。使用
了一些连词如 First of all, Secondly ， Thirdly ， Finally, 使文章条理清晰，使用了一些短语，如 pay
attention to ， such as ， and so on 等，给文章增色，祈使句的使用使文章更让人警醒和信服，如 Don't
climb trees 和 don't play dangerous games. 最后一句 I believe we can have a healthy body and a better life.
的使用写出了对人们的期望。
【重点短语】
1. be dressed like that 穿成那样
2. look for clues to something important 寻找重要事情的线索
3. much more serious 严重得多
4. go missing 不见了
5. make notes on sb 对某人做笔录
6. Who do you think is not telling the truth 你认为谁没有说真话？
7. in another place when the murder happened 发生凶案时在另一个地方
8. an office worker of medium height 中等身高的办公室职员
9. look untidy and nervous 看起来不整洁而且很紧张
10. a computer engineer 一名电脑工程师
11. be last seen doing sth. 最后一次被看见正在做某事
12. take place between 9 p.m. last night and 1 a.m. this morning 发生在昨晚 9 点到今早 1 点之间
13. work at the scene of the crime 在案发现场工作
14. be killed at the place where he was found 在他被发现的地方被杀
15. ask someone to contact us 请某人与我们联系
16. be wounded with a knife 被刀刺伤
17. bleed to death 流血过多而死
18. check the scene for more clues 检查现场寻找更多线索
check the scene for fingerprints 检查现场寻找指纹
19. solve the case 破案
20. have a well-paid job 收入很高
21. according to the record 根据记录
22. be guilty of computer crimes 参与电脑犯罪活动
23. be charged with… 因……被指控
24. break into several computer systems 闯入几家电脑系统
25. make him some enemies 给他借了仇家
26. a short thin man 一个又矮又瘦的男人
27. run down the street 沿着街道跑
28. breathe heavily 气喘吁吁，喘着粗气
29. have blood on his shirt 衬衫上有血迹
30. at the time the crime 在案发时
31. offer a reward for useful information 提供赏金以获取有用的信息
32. lead to the arrest of the murderer 导致凶手的被捕
33. contact the police on … (number) 通过……(号码)与警方联系
34. speak and act against you 说不利于你的话，做不利于你的事
35. do something against the law 做违法的事
36. be sure of sth 对……很确定
37. the murder case 谋杀案
38. have something to do with the murder 与凶杀案有关
39. the elderly couple 老夫妻
40. first write detective stories in English 第一个用英文写侦探小说
41. require readers to check every tiny detail for possible clues 需要读者核查每一个可能成为刑事
案
to the criminal cases 件线索的细微之处
42. a master at solving crimes 一个擅长破案的人
43. appear in a cartoon series popular among teenagers 深受青少年喜爱卡通系列剧
44. a female writer 一个女作家
45. the queen of crime novels 犯罪小说女王
46. in a rubbish bin 在垃圾桶里
47. be covered in blood 在血泊中
48. the drawing of … ……的画像
49. Has there been any progress in the murder case 谋杀案有进展吗？
50. report the crime to the police 向警方举报罪行
51. commit the crime 犯罪
52. It turned out that he had nothing to do with this case. 结果是他与此案无关。
53. work in a meat market 在一家肉市场工作
54. be in a hurry to catch a bus 忙着去赶公共汽车
hurry to catch a bus
55. a man of great wealth 一位有钱人
56. sometime between … and … 在……到……期间的某时
57. be once in prison for six months 曾入狱 6 个月
58. on the morning of 28 December 在 12 月 28 日早晨
59. at his sister’s wedding 在他姐姐的婚礼
60. have no criminal record 没有犯罪记录
61. safety tips 安全建议
62. protect yourselves against crime 保护你们自己抵制罪案
63. lock the door 锁门
64. shut all the windows 关好所有的窗户
65. carry a lot of money with sb. 随身带很多钱
66. go out alone at night 独自外出
67. guard against any possible danger around us 提防我们周围任何有可能的危险
68. get along with all of his neighbour 与所有的邻居相处得很好
69. do sth for a living
make a living by doing sth 做某事来谋生
e home from work 下班回家
71. take the necklace to the police station 把项链送去警局
72. steal some valuable jewellery 偷了一些珍贵的珠宝
73. see someone run from the jewellery shop into the building 看见有人跑出珠宝店又跑进大楼
74. right after the theft 就在窃案后
75. call the police 报警
76. You’re under arrest for murder. 你因谋杀而被捕了。
Grammar
1. Relative clauses 定语从句
①定义: 修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
②先行词: 被修饰的名词或代词。
③引导词: 引导定语从句的词为关系代词: that / which / who / whom;
关系副词: when/ where/ why (初中阶段不作要求)
Eg. She is the girl who I am waiting for. (the girl 为先行词, who 为引导词, who I am waiting for
为定语从句)
④定语从句的位置: 一般位于先行词之后。
⑤引导词的功能(作用) : 必须在定语从句中充当某一成分
●关系代词 who/ that 指人, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。
Mr. Zhang is just the man (who/ that) I want to talk with. (作宾语可省略)
Yesterday I met an old woman who got lost. (作主语不能省)
●关系代词 which/that 指物, 在定语从句中做主语或宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。
This is the watch ( that / which) I bought last week. (作宾语可省略)
The building that / which lies to the south of our school is a hospital. (作主语不能省)
●以下情况只能用关系代词 that:
A.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时;
B.当先行词为不同类型的名词时;
C.当先行词本身是 all 时, 用 that (all that = what);
D.当先行词为 something, anything, nothing, everything, thing 时;
E.当先行词前有 all, much, little, many, (a) few, every, some, any, no, only, the very, one of, the only, the
last, the next 等修饰语时。
●以下情况只能用关系代词 who
A.先行词是 these , those, that 指人时;
B.先行词是人称代词 (he, she... )时;
C.不定代词 someone, anyone, everyone, no one , somebody, anybody, everybody 作先行词时。
