人教PEP版英语五年级下册重点知识归纳讲义

五年级下册英语重点知识归纳
词类
名词 ★★★★
名词单数变复数变化规则：（+s / +es）
一般情况下直接+s。
clock-clocks , plate-plates , plate-plates , cave-caves...
以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词，直接+es。
class-classes , fox-foxes , dish-dishes , watch-watches（手表）...
以o结尾的名词，有生命的+es,无生命的+s。
有生命的：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes...
无生命的：photo-photos...
以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，y变i，再+es。
family-families,study-studies(书房)
以f / fe结尾的名词，f / fe变v，再加es。
knife-knives leaf-leaves
名词单数变复数不规则变化：（背）
man-men woman-women foot-feet child-children
people-people fish-fish mouse-mice
代词：人称代词和物主代词 ★★★★★
主格 宾格 形物代(小A) 名物代（小B）
我 I me my mine
你/你们 you you your yours
她 she her her hers
他 he him his his
它 it it its its
我们 We us our ours
他们 they them their theirs
主格：通常位于句子的开头，是句子当中的“主人公”。
宾格：通常位于句子的中间或末尾，用于动词、介词之后。
形物代（小A）：形容词性物主代词，通常位于句子开头或中间，后面一定存在一个名词。“形物代+名词”
名物代（小B）：名词性物主代词，通常位于句子的开头或末尾，后面一定不存在名词，但可以跟其他的词。
名词所有格（小C）：人名/称呼+’s。（某人的）
小A，小B，小C之间的关系：
This is Mike’s book. Mike’s(小C)
=This is his book. Mike’s(小C) book →his book(小A+名词)
=This book is his. his book(小A+名词)→his(小B)
代词：指示代词
指近处 指远处
单数 This That
复数 These Those
冠词 ★
不定冠词：a/an
A/an的用法：用元音和辅音区分其用法，an用于元音因素前（a,e,i,o,u）,a用于辅音因素前。
定冠词：the
数词（基数词和序数词） ★★★★
基础词：没有排序的数字，即是基础词，通常是与名词联用，当基数词表示复数时，名词也要变为复数形式。
Eg:1.There are three ducks under the tree.
序数词：在某种特定情况下，进行了排序，则是序数词。通常序数词前会出现the。
Eg: 1.May is the fifth month of a year.
基础词变序数词口诀：（+th） ★★★★★
基变序，有规律，末尾加上th；
一二三，特殊记，末尾各是t,d,d；
八去t,九去e，f来把ve替，然后再加th；
遇见y时变ie，然后再加th；
若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。
介词（in,on,at）
In的用法：“in年in月in季节，in the再加时间段。”
Eg: in 2024 / in June / in spring
In the morning/afternoon/evening.
On的用法：“on+某一天(节日/几月几日/星期几)”
Eg: on Sunday / on June 1st. / on Children’s Day
on the weekend.(固定搭配)
注：On Sunday morning.(特殊记忆，以某一天为主用On)
At的用法：“At+时间”
Eg: at 7:00 a.m. / at 7 o’clock
at noon / at night/at home / at the party(固定搭配)
句子
一般疑问句 ★★★
陈述句变一般疑问句：(句号变问号过程)
（口诀）有be提be,有情提情，无be无情借助动。
一变二，二变一，三不变，句号变问号。
be动词(am,is,are)
情态动词（can,will,should...）
助动词（do,does）
提：将陈述句中的be动词，情态动词提到句子开头。
借：句子中没有be动词，情态动词时借Do/Does,并放在句子开头。Does用于主语是第三人称单数时。且助动词do、does具有还原作用，可还原动词。
Eg:
I am playing football.
→Am I playing football (×)
(一变二：第一人称I变为第二人称you)
→Are you playing football （√）
(主语变be动词跟着改变，I用am，you用are.)
She can pick apples in autumn.
→ Can she pick apples in autumn
He often eats dinner at 6:00 p.m.
→Does he often eat dinner at 6:00 p.m
(无be无情借助动，主语是he，第三人称单数，则借Does,且助动词具有还原作用，eats还原为eat。)
否定句：（加not） ★★
肯定句变否定句：（句号变句号的过程）
（口诀）有be找be,有情找情，无be无情借助动。
be动词(am,is,are)
情态动词（can,will,should...）
助动词（do,does）
找：找到肯定句中的be动词，情态动词，找到后在其后加not。
借：句子中没有be动词，情态动词时借don’t/doesn’t,并放在主语后面。doesn’t用于主语是第三人称单数时。且助动词依旧具有还原作用，可还原动词。
Eg:
She is sleeping.
→She is not sleeping.
→She isn’t sleeping.
He can swim.
→He can not swim.
→He can’t swim.
He eats lunch at 11:30 a.m.
→He doesn’t eats lunch at 11:30 a.m.
→He doesn’t eat lunch at 11:30 a.m.
be+not: am+not=am not (特殊)
is+not=isn’t are+not=aren’t
情态动词+not：can+not=can’t will+not=won’t (特殊)
助动词+not：do+not=don’t does+not=doesn’t
特殊疑问句（对划线部分提问） ★★★★★
特殊疑问词 翻译 用法 回答
When 什么时候 对时间，月份，日期提问 存在at+时间，in+月份，on+某一天
What 什么 对物品、活动提问 存在物品，活动
Which 哪一个 对选择提问 选项当中其中一个
Which season 哪一个季节 对季节提问 存在四个季节其中一个
Who 谁 对人物提问 存在人物/称呼
Whose 谁的 对物品的主人提问 至少存在小A小B小C其中一个
How 怎么样 对方式提问 存在交通方式...
Why 为什么 对原因提问 存在because+原因
Eg:
I often do morning exercises at 6 o’clock.
→
→
Children’s Day is in June.
→
My birthday is on July 24th.
→
I like spring best.
→
I will cook for my mother.
→
This book is mine.
→
This is Amy’s book.
→
时态 ★★★★★
一般现在时
含义：表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或行为；客观真理
标志：频率副词（always，usually，often，sometimes，never...）
动词三单变化规则：（+s / +es） ★★★★★
一般情况下直接+s。
eat-eats , take-takes , pick-picks...
以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词，直接+es。
pass-passes,fix-fixes,wash-washes,watch-watches ,do-does.
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，y变i，再+es。
fly-flies , pass-passes,carry-carries,study-studies...
以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接+s。
play-plays, stay-stays, buy-buys....
动词三单不规则变化：have-has
一般现在时句式结构：
肯定句：
主语+（频率副词）+V原/V三单+其它.
Eg: I often do morning exercises at 7:00 a.m.
He usually eats lunch at 11:30a.m.
注意：主三单，则动三单。
否定句：
主语+don’t/doesn’t+（频率副词）+V原+其它.
注意：当句子中存在助动词do/does时，动词只能用原形。
一般疑问句及其回答：
Do/Does +主语+（频率副词）+V原+其它？
肯定回答：Yes,主语+do/does.
否定回答：No,主语+don’t/doesn’t.
现在进行时
含义：表示正在发生的动作或行为。
标志：now,Look!Listen!
动词ing变化规则(现在分词形式)：（+ing） ★★★★★
一般情况下直接+ing。
do-doing , play-playing , go-going,listen-listening...
以不发音e字母结尾的动词，去e，再+ing。
have-having , write-writing , make-making,dance-dancing..
以辅元辅结尾的动词，双写尾字母，再+ing。
run-running , swim-swimming , shop-shopping...
以ie结尾的动词，ie变y，再+ing。
die-dying , lie-lying...
现在进行时句式结构：
肯定句：
主语+be动词+V-ing形式+其它.
Eg: I am doing morning exercises .
He is eating lunch .
注意：be动词随主语的改变而改变，be动词后一定跟ing形式。
否定句：
主语+be动词+not+V-ing形式+其它.
Eg：He is not eating lunch .
一般疑问句及其回答：
Be动词+主语+动词ing形式+其它？
肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.
否定回答：No,主语+be+not.
重点词汇
Unit1：
do morning exercises eat breakfast/lunch/dinner
have...class play sports
get up go to bed
finish class classes start
go back to school play music
wash my clothes do homework
clean my room go for a walk
go shopping take a dancing class
Unit2：
spring：sunny and warm , beautiful,green,go on a picnic,plant flowers...
Summer:hot,red,go swimming,eat ice-cream...
autumn=fall：windy and cool,golden,pick apples...
Winter：rainy and cold,white,play in the snow,make a snowman..
Unit3：
January(Jan.):
New Years Day winter vacation
February(Feb.):
Winter vacation
March(Mar.):
Tree Planting Day
April(Apr.):
sports meet , English party
May: Labour Day , Mother’s Day , singing contest , school trip..
June (Jun.):
Children’s Day , Father’s Day , Dragon Boat Festival...
July(Jul.): summer vacation ...
August(Aug.): summer vacation ...
September(Sept.): Teachers’ Day , Mid-Autumn Festival...
October(Oct.): China’s National Day...
November(Nov.): American Thanksgiving Day...
December(Dec.): Christmas...
活动： cook , make a card , sing to her , say “Thank you ” , writer her a letter , tell her a story , play the pipa for her , dance , play games , make a wish , sing the birthday song , eat noodles/a birthday cake...
Unit4：
基数词-序数词
one-first eleven-eleventh
two-second twelve-twelfth
three-third thirteen-thirteenth
four-fourth fourteen-fourteenth
five-fifth fifteen-fifteenth
six-sixth sixteen-sixteenth
seven-seventh seventeen-seventeenth
eight-eighth eighteen-eighteenth
nine-ninth nineteen-nineteenth
ten-tenth twenty-twentieth
twenty-one--twenty-first
活动：swimming contest , maths test , Chinese test , English test
sports meet , singing contest ,
Unit5：
主格 宾格 形物代(小A) 名物代（小B）
我 I me my mine
你/你们 you you your yours
她 she her her hers
他 he him his his
它 it it its its
我们 We us our ours
他们 they them their theirs
Climb-climbing eat-eating play-playing jump-jumping
Drink-drinking sleep-sleeping run-running listen-listening
Unit6：
活动：
doing morning exercises eating breakfast/lunch/dinner
having...class reading a book
Listening to music watching TV
规则：
Keep to the right Keep your desk clean
Talk quietly Work quietly
Take turns Quiet = Be quiet
No eating
重点句子
Unit1：
1.When do you start class in Spain
-I always start class at 8 o’clock.
2.When do you finish class in the morning
-We finish class at 1 o’clock.
3.When do you go back to school after lunch
4.Classes start at 3 o’clock.
5.That’s too late!
6.When do you go to bed
-At 6 o’clock in the morning.I work at night.
7.Why are you shopping today
-My mum worked last night.
8.What do you do on the weekend
-I often watch TV and play ping-pong with my father.
That sounds like a lot of fun.
You need a robot to help you!
I live on an island.
I always get up early every day.
Sometimes I clean my cave,too.
Friday is good at sports.
★询问某人什么时候做某事？
When+do/does+主语+V原+其它？
主语+（频率副词）+V原/V三单+其它+at+具体时间.
★询问某人在某天做什么？
What+do/does+主语+do+(on the weekend/on+某一天）？
主语+（频率副词）+V原/V三单+其它.
Unit2：
Which season do you like best
-I like spring/summer/autumn/winter best.
What’s your favourite season
-My favourite season is spring/summer/autumn/winter.
There are beautiful flowers everywhere.
Spring is green with flowers and songs.
Summer is hot and the days are long.
Autumn is golden and farmers are busy.
Winter is white and the year is gone.
The colours are very pretty!
The weather is good and the colours are beautiful!
Why Because I like summer vacation!
I like summer ,but I can’t swim.
What lovely colours!
The leaves fall and fall and fall.
I want to paint a picture,too!
There is lots of snow.
I can play in the snow.
★询问某人最喜欢什么季节？
Which season do you like best
I like +季节+best.
同义句：
What’s your favourite season
My favourite is +季节.
★为什么喜欢这个季节？
Why do you like +季节？
Because I can +活动.
★感叹句句型
What + a/an+形容词+名词！
Unit3：
When is Dragon Boat Festival
-It’s usually in June.
My mum will make zongzi then.
We have a few fun things in spring.
When is the party
-It’s in April.
When is Tree Planting Day
-It’s in March.
I really like the colours.
We usually have a school trip in autumn.
We’ll go to the Great Wall.
What will you do for your mum on Mother’s Day
-I’ll cook for my mother.
When is Mid-Autumn Festival
-It’s usually in September or October.I’ll eat mooncakes with my family.
You will act out stories.
Will you come to the party
Please send an email by March 23rd.
What will you do if you have a birthday party
The summer vacation is still three months away.
Early planning is always good.
They live in Xingjiang.
What will you do there
Please study hard.
Hooray for May.
★询问节日/活动是在什么时候？
问：When is the+活动？ / When is +节日？
答：It’s in+月份.
★询问你将要为某人/活动/节日做什么？
问：What will you do for +某人/活动/节日？
答：I will +活动（V原+其它）+（for+某人）.
★节日是在几月份：节日+is +in+月份.
★某人将要做某事：
主语+will+活动（V原+其它）.
Unit4：
When is Mother’s Day
-It’s on the second Sunday in May.
When is Mid-Autumn Festival this year
What do you usually do on Mid-Autumn Festival
-We eat mooncakes.My family will also eat a birthday cake.
There are some other special days in May.
When is the reading festival
It’s on May 5th.
When is your birthday
My birthday is on April 4th.
What will you do for your mum
I’ll cook noodles for her.
Please come then.
We can have a birthday party for both of you.
The kittens are six days old.
They make noises when they are hungry.
They have white fur now.
Practice makes perfect.
I want to practise my song.
The show is very funny.
Will you come to the party
★询问节日/活动是在什么时候？
问：When is the+活动？ / When is +节日？
答：It’s on+月份+号数（序数词）.
★询问某人的生日是在什么时候？
问：When is+小A/小C +birthday
答：
小A/小C+birthday+is+on+月份+日期(序数词).
It’s +on+月份+号数（序数词）.
Eg:
-When is your birthday -It’s on July 6th.
-When is her birthday -Her birthday is on July 6th.
-When is Mike’s birthday -His birthday is on July 6th.
★某人将要做某事吗？
问：Will +主语+活动（V原+其它）？
答：Yes,主语+will. / No,主语+won’t.
Unit5：
Whose dog is this
-It’s mine.
What a beautiful painting!
Is it yours
Why is it jumping
-It’s playing with its friends.
Whose carrots are these
-The carrots are theirs.
The yellow picture is mine.
Are these all ours
That picture of Beijing is beautiful.
Whose is it
-It’s ZhangPeng’s.
There is a picture of Shanghai,too.
Whose storybooks are these
-They are mine.
Whose book is this
-It’s Mike’s.It’s his.
It’s your dog.= The dog is yours.
Is he drinking water
He’s eating.
Can I play with him now
Can you take him to the park
Are these rabbits eating
They are playing with each other.
Robin is excited.
What are you doing here
I’m looking at a bear.
I’m climbing like him.
I like flying.
I want to be a bird.
Do you want to swim like a fish
I don’t want to be a fish!
What are they doing
Why are they looking at us
Look!They’re talking pictures,too.
They’re copying us.
★Whose 谁的，对物品主人提问，回答一定至少存在小A/小B/小C其中一个。 Whose+名词
★询问某物是谁的？
物品单数：
问：Whose +(名词)+is this/that/it
答：It’s +小A+名词. / It’s + 小B. / It’s +小C+（名词）.
物品复数：
问：Whose +(名词复数)+are these/those/those
答：They’re +小A+名词. / They’re + 小B. / They’re +小C+（名词）.
★某人正在做什么：
肯定句：主语+be动词+动词ing形式+其它. Eg:He is sleeping.
★某人正在做什么吗？
一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+动词ing形式+其它.
Eg: Is he sleeping Yes,he is. / No,he isn’t.
★询问某人正在做什么？
问：What +be动词+主语+doing+（其它）？
答：主语+be动词+活动（动词要用ing形式）
Eg:
-What are you doing here -I’m playing football.
-What is he doing in the park -He is climbing.
★这是某人的吗？
Be动词+主语+小B？
Eg: Is it yours Are these his
Unit6：
Look!They’re eating lunch!
Where is Amy
-She’s listening to music in the classroom.
What are they doing
-They are eating lunch.
They like bamboo.
What’s the little monkey doing
-It’s playing with its mother!
Do you see any elephants
The elephant is drinking water.
What’s ChenJie doing
-She’s listening to music.
What are the students doing
Quiet,please. = Be quiet.
No eating! (No +动词ing形式./No+名词.)
Talk quietly. (quiet--quietly)
I can show you the English books.
Can I read the books here
Keep your desk clean.
Work quietly.
Keep to the right.
Can we use your crayons
Take turns.
She is colouring at her desk.
What are you saying
-I’m speaking Chinese.
Can we play music with you
Can you teach me
He’s swimming in the park in the south.
★询问某人正在做什么？
问：What +be动词+主语+doing+（其它）？
答：主语+be动词+活动（动词ing形式）.
★talk,say,speak，tell的区别：
Talk:表示通过谈话交换意见。 talk about
Say:侧重所说的内容 say something
Speak:侧重某种语言，常于语言连接。 speak Chinese
Tell:表示告诉。 tell a story
单元语音
Unit1:cl/pl
Cl:/kl/ clean clock class clever.
Pl:/pl/ plate eggplant please play.
当词尾出现-cle,-ple时，cl和pl都发一个音/l/
Unit2:br/gr
br:/br/ brown library brother umbrella
gr:/gr/ green grapes grandpa grow
Unit3:ch/sh
Ch:/t /China chicken lunch teacher. (当ch遇到r,s时，Ch发/k/:school,Christmas)
Sh:/ / wash fresh shirt shorts
Unit4:th组合
“两头清，中间浊，代介连副冠大多浊。数词清，th+e浊”
清辅音：/θ/ think,third,three,maths
浊辅音：/ / mother,father,then,their
代词：this，that，these，those. 介词：with
连词：thus 副词：there 冠词：the
Unit5:ng/nk组合
ng:在词尾时发/n/,在词中时发/ng/.
long sing young ring 特殊：English
nk:在词尾发/nk/
Think ink pink trunk
Unit6: wh组合
wh组合：“有o发/h/，无o发/w/.”
wh/w/: what when where why
wh/h/ : who whose
单元作文
Unit1：
My weekend
Hi, I'm Amy/Mike. I'm very happy on the weekend. In the morning, I get up at 6 a.m. I eat breakfast with my dad at 7 o'clock. In the afternoon, I clean my room and play sports with my mother . In the evening, we eat dinner at 8 p.m. We are happy on the weekend.
Unit2：
My favorite season
Hi, I'm Amy/Mike. I like autumn best. It's cool in fall.Autumn is golden.The farmers are busy.The colours are beautiful. So,I like it best.
Unit3：
Mother's Day
Mother's Day is in May. On Mother's day, I will cook for my mother. I'll say thank you to her. I'll sing to her. My sister will make a card for my mother. I love my mother.
Unit4：
My birthday party
Hi, I'm Amy/Mike. My birthday is on May 4th. I will have a birthday party on May 4th. At the party, we will play games. We will sing and dance. We will eat a birthday cake. Will you come to my party
Unit5：
At the zoo
Hi, I'm Amy/Mike. Today is Sunday. It's cool.I will go to the zoo. I see lots of animals there. Look, the bear is dancing. The rabbits are eating. The tiger is drinking.The elephant is drinking water. And the monkey is climbing a tree. They are cute. I like them.
Unit6：
My family
Hi, I'm Amy/Mike. There are four people in my family.They are my dad, mom, sister and me. Look, my father is reading a book. My mother is cooking in the kitchen. My sister is listening to music. I am watching TV. I love my family.