UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
【语篇填空】
Cholera, an infectious disease caused by germs, used to affect people's health 1. (severe), thus causing many deaths and casting a shadow on the world. Fortunately, cholera was overcome by a brilliant and outstanding doctor called John Snow.
At first, John Snow felt 2. (frustrate) when many people came down with this disease, and he was determined to defeat “King Cholera” once and 3. all. Initially, there were two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. Snow 4. (subscribe) to the second one that cholera was caused by an 5. (infect) from germs in food or water. But Snow needed solid proof to defend his viewpoint. When cholera broke out in London in 1854, Snow, along with some gifted assistants, discovered that there were multiple deaths in some 6. (household) near a water pump, which showed there was a link between the cases of cholera and the water. Snow suspected that the water pump was 7. (blame), so he had the handle of the water pump 8. (remove). Thanks to Snow's intervention and tireless efforts, people began to drink pure water instead of raw water. As a result, there was 9. substantial decrease in the threat of cholera and a shift in the death rate. Furthermore, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. Above all, his vivid thinking 10. concept of disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
【答案】1.severely 2.frustrated 3.for 4.subscribed 5.infection 6.households 7.to blame 8.removed 9.a 10.and
【核心考点】
重点单词
1.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);赞同;捐助 <变>subscriber n.订阅者;消费者;用户;捐赠者 subscription n.捐献;订阅;订金;签署
(China Daily)Some older people still subscribe to print editions of newspapers, but the number is down.一些老年人仍然订阅印刷版报纸,但数量有所下降。
①For a monthly fee, (subscribe) get access to tons of special features.
②He subscribes the view that children can benefit from being independent.
③We applied for (subscribe) to some magazines useful for our work.
④My reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to know about advances in science.(句式升级)
→ New Scientist is to know about advances in science.(定语从句)
【答案】①subscribers ②to ③subscribing/subscriptions ④The reason why I subscribe to
2.blame vt.责怪;指责;把……归咎于 n.责任;责备
(China Daily)Phone devices and computer screens are to blame for the rising risk of short-sightedness among children. 手机设备和电脑屏幕是儿童近视风险上升的罪魁祸首。
①(2021·全国甲卷)It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
②No one would admit responsibility. They all tried to lay the blame someone else.
③Don't always others. You should .不要总把你自己的失败归咎于他人,你应该为失败承担责任。(话题写作·人际交往)
④ , Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.蒂姆因演出失败而被责备,他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。(读后续写·心理描写)
【答案】①for ②on ③blame your own failure on;take/bear the blame for failure ④Blamed for the failure of the performance
3.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
(2023·全国乙卷)It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.它可以给人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点,并有助于建立家与自然之间的联系。
①(China Daily)Scientists discovered increased heat (link) to fast weight gain in babies, which increases the risk of obesity in later life.
②The organizations have linked for a charity concert.
③Undoubtedly, social customs .毫无疑问,社会习俗在现在和过去之间起到了重要的纽带作用。(话题写作·社会习俗)
【答案】①was linked ②up ③provide a vital link between the present and the past
4.defend vt.保护;保卫;辩解 <变>defence n.防御;保护;保卫 defender n.防御者
defensive adj.防御的;自我保护的
(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 在花了一些时间查看了城墙上的所有防御设施后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比在历史遗迹上骑自行车更好的(活动)呢!
①These green barriers not only change the look of Beijing but also defend it the desert.
②Humour is a more effective (defend) than violence.
③And we know that we are supposed to come together defence of something greater than ourselves.
④Seeing the fierce wolf, he like an arrow.看到这只凶猛的狼,他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写·动作描写)
【答案】①from/against ②defence ③in ④rushed to defend/in defence of his son
5.cast vt.(cast,cast)投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
(China Daily)The shade cast by the solar panels is useful for more than growing lush grass, and is also used to grow drought-resistant plants.太阳能电池板投下的阴影不仅有助于草长得茂盛,还用于种植耐旱植物。
①She cast a glance the mirror and went out, shutting the door behind her.
②People can cast online votes those they adore.
③(2022·新高考卷)His coach heard what David said and .他的教练听到了David的话,向我投来坚定的目光。(读后续写·动作描写)
【答案】①at ②for ③cast a determined look at me
短语句式
6.above all 最重要的是;尤其是
(China Daily)Datong, a city once heavily-reliant on coal mining, has embraced cleaner industries including modern medicines, new materials, new energy, and above all, the cultural and tourism industry.大同,一个曾经严重依赖煤矿开采的城市,已经接受了更清洁的产业,包括现代医药、新材料、新能源,尤其是文化和旅游产业。
①用all的相关短语填空
The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University. ,you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come. , you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances. , studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy .(推荐信)
②Thanks to your timely and generous help, .多亏了你及时而慷慨的帮助,我总共解决了这四个问题。(感谢信)
【答案】①First of all/Above all;After all;All in all;at all ②I managed to solve the four problems in all
7.depend on/upon 依靠;取决于
(2023·北京卷)The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. 养成习惯所需的时间取决于多种因素,包括个人行为和预期行为。
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 (depend) on the age group.
②You may depend on that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.
③He depends on his parents (take) care of his children.
④We should seek solutions to the problems by ourselves .我们应该自己寻求问题的解决方案,而不是依赖别人的帮助。(建议信)
【答案】①depending ②it ③to take ④instead of depending on/upon others for help
8.have+宾语+宾语补足语
(P2)It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.这个女人似乎非常喜欢饮用水泵里的水,因此她每天都让人送水到她家。
①Uncle Sam won't have my father and me (return) to the farm too late.
②It was cold, and she had the fire (burn) day and night.
③Training for the basketball game can have both our body and teamwork (strengthen).
④When it comes to English learning, I .说到英语学习,我有以下实用的建议要分享。(建议信)
【答案】①returning ②burning
③strengthened ④have the following practical suggestions to share
【梯级训练】
基础达标练
语境辨析练
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.Mrs Smith at this point abstracted her mind from the former subject.
2.There are some long-term health problems associated with shift work—certain cancers, heart disease, and obesity.
3.The research lacks solid proof, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.
【答案】1.提取;抽取;分离 2.轮班 3.可靠的
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.subscribe
A.v.定期订购(或订阅) B.v.赞成;同意
C.v.捐助
①5G applications are being enriched as 62.5 percent of its mobile users subscribe to 5G packages and over 18,000 5G-powered industry projects.
②Though he doesn't earn much, he subscribes regularly to local charities.
③He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all.
【答案】①A ②C ③B
2.handle
A.vt.处理 B.vt.控制;操纵 C.n.把手
D.vt.(用手)触、碰、拿
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations.
②(2022·全国甲卷)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.
③Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance.
④Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.
【答案】①A ②D ③B ④C
考点强化练
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Though some are (initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
2.(2022·全国乙卷)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting (fault) in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.
3.(2022·浙江卷)They nodded gratefully as I pushed my spoon into the pot and took a large spoonful and poured it their bowls.
4.(2021·北京)The (find) show a critical need to invest in disaster prevention.
5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take).
6.His words puzzled me so much that I had a hard time trying to make sense what he really meant.
【答案】1.initially 2.faults 3.into 4.findings 5.taken 6.of
写作衔接练
人物描写·敬佩的科学家
1.1867年11月7日,玛丽·居里出生于波兰,她也被称为“居里夫人”,她从小就对物理学表现出了极大的兴趣。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
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2.当时在波兰,作为一名女性,她不可能被大学录取,她去了法国深造,并获得了物理学学位。(likely)
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3.此外,居里夫人对生活的态度是弱者等待机会,强者创造机会。 (furthermore; that引导同位语从句;while作并列连词)
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4.居里夫人凭借其卓越的思想和坚定的决心,在发现镭方面取得了巨大的成功,并因此获得了诺贝尔奖。 (thanks to; brilliant; thinking; which引导非限制性定语从句)
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5.她对科学界做出了巨大的贡献,为此她被认为是最伟大的女科学家。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
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【答案】
1.Born in Poland on Nov 7, 1867, Marie Curie, also known as Madame Curie, showed great interest in physics at an early age.
2.Unlikely to be admitted to a university in Poland as a woman at that time, she went to France for further studies and received a degree in physics.
3.Furthermore, Madame Curie held such an attitude towards life that the weak wait for opportunities while the strong create them.
4.Thanks to her brilliant thinking and great determination, Madame Curie achieved great success in discovering radium, which enabled her to win the Nobel Prize.
5.She made great contributions to the world of science, for which she is regarded as the greatest woman scientist.
动作描写·眼部动作
Ⅰ.素材积累
短语 stare at 凝视;盯着看 glare at 怒视 gape at 目瞪口呆地看 at a glance 一瞥;看一眼 take/cast a glance at... 朝……看一眼 catch sight of 看见 fix/focus one's eyes on 某人的眼睛盯着 close/open one's eyes 某人闭上/睁开眼睛 drop/lower one's eyes 某人垂下眼睛看 catch a glimpse of 瞥见 roll one's eyes at sb 对某人翻白眼 give sb a wink/wink at sb 朝某人眨眼睛 narrow one's eyes 某人眯着眼睛 catch one's eye 吸引了某人的目光 take one's eyes off/shift one's eyes from 某人将目光从……移开
句子 ①He stared at the painting, unable to take his eyes off it. 他盯着那幅画,无法将目光从上面移开。 ②The child closed her eyes tightly before blowing out the birthday candles.孩子在吹灭生日蜡烛之前紧紧地闭着眼睛。 ③Sarah glared at her brother after he spilled juice on her favorite shirt. Sarah的弟弟把果汁洒在了她最喜欢的衬衫上,Sarah怒视着他。 ④The student fixed his eyes on the clock, counting down the seconds until the class ended. 这个学生目不转睛地盯着钟,倒计时,直到下课。
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①当她醒来睁开眼睛时,已经是上午10点了。(open)
It was already 10 am when she woke up and .
②拉开窗帘,阳光太刺眼了,她不得不眯起眼睛来适应强光。(narrow)
Drawing back the curtains, the sunlight was dazzling, so she had to to adjust to the strong light.
③突然,她瞥见了一朵盛开的小花。(glimpse)
Suddenly, she a small blooming flower.
④她走到外面,蹲下来端详着它,突然一只美丽的蝴蝶落在了花上。(动词不定式短语作目的状语)
She walked outside, squat down when suddenly a beautiful butterfly fell on the flower.
⑤她把目光从花上移开,却发现蝴蝶已经飞走了。(动词不定式短语作结果状语)
She , the butterfly had flown away.
【答案】①opened her eyes ②narrow her eyes ③caught a glimpse of ④to peer at it ⑤shifted her eyes from the flower;only to find
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
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【答案】
It was already 10 am when she woke up and opened her eyes. Drawing back the curtains, the sunlight was so dazzling that she had to narrow her eyes to adjust to the strong light. Suddenly, a small blooming flower caught her eye. Then she walked outside, squat down to peer at it when suddenly a beautiful butterfly fell on the flower. She shifted her eyes from the flower, only to find the butterfly had flown away.UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
【语篇填空】
Cholera, an infectious disease caused by germs, used to affect people's health 1. (severe), thus causing many deaths and casting a shadow on the world. Fortunately, cholera was overcome by a brilliant and outstanding doctor called John Snow.
At first, John Snow felt 2. (frustrate) when many people came down with this disease, and he was determined to defeat “King Cholera” once and 3. all. Initially, there were two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. Snow 4. (subscribe) to the second one that cholera was caused by an 5. (infect) from germs in food or water. But Snow needed solid proof to defend his viewpoint. When cholera broke out in London in 1854, Snow, along with some gifted assistants, discovered that there were multiple deaths in some 6. (household) near a water pump, which showed there was a link between the cases of cholera and the water. Snow suspected that the water pump was 7. (blame), so he had the handle of the water pump 8. (remove). Thanks to Snow's intervention and tireless efforts, people began to drink pure water instead of raw water. As a result, there was 9. substantial decrease in the threat of cholera and a shift in the death rate. Furthermore, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. Above all, his vivid thinking 10. concept of disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
【核心考点】
重点单词
1.subscribe vi.认购(股份);定期订购;定期交纳(会费);赞同;捐助 <变>subscriber n.订阅者;消费者;用户;捐赠者 subscription n.捐献;订阅;订金;签署
(China Daily)Some older people still subscribe to print editions of newspapers, but the number is down.一些老年人仍然订阅印刷版报纸,但数量有所下降。
①For a monthly fee, (subscribe) get access to tons of special features.
②He subscribes the view that children can benefit from being independent.
③We applied for (subscribe) to some magazines useful for our work.
④My reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to know about advances in science.(句式升级)
→ New Scientist is to know about advances in science.(定语从句)
2.blame vt.责怪;指责;把……归咎于 n.责任;责备
(China Daily)Phone devices and computer screens are to blame for the rising risk of short-sightedness among children. 手机设备和电脑屏幕是儿童近视风险上升的罪魁祸首。
①(2021·全国甲卷)It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
②No one would admit responsibility. They all tried to lay the blame someone else.
③Don't always others. You should .不要总把你自己的失败归咎于他人,你应该为失败承担责任。(话题写作·人际交往)
④ , Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.蒂姆因演出失败而被责备,他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。(读后续写·心理描写)
3.link n.联系;纽带 vt.把……连接起来;相关联
(2023·全国乙卷)It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.它可以给人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点,并有助于建立家与自然之间的联系。
①(China Daily)Scientists discovered increased heat (link) to fast weight gain in babies, which increases the risk of obesity in later life.
②The organizations have linked for a charity concert.
③Undoubtedly, social customs .毫无疑问,社会习俗在现在和过去之间起到了重要的纽带作用。(话题写作·社会习俗)
4.defend vt.保护;保卫;辩解 <变>defence n.防御;保护;保卫 defender n.防御者
defensive adj.防御的;自我保护的
(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 在花了一些时间查看了城墙上的所有防御设施后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比在历史遗迹上骑自行车更好的(活动)呢!
①These green barriers not only change the look of Beijing but also defend it the desert.
②Humour is a more effective (defend) than violence.
③And we know that we are supposed to come together defence of something greater than ourselves.
④Seeing the fierce wolf, he like an arrow.看到这只凶猛的狼,他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写·动作描写)
5.cast vt.(cast,cast)投射;向……投以(视线、笑容等);投掷
(China Daily)The shade cast by the solar panels is useful for more than growing lush grass, and is also used to grow drought-resistant plants.太阳能电池板投下的阴影不仅有助于草长得茂盛,还用于种植耐旱植物。
①She cast a glance the mirror and went out, shutting the door behind her.
②People can cast online votes those they adore.
③(2022·新高考卷)His coach heard what David said and .他的教练听到了David的话,向我投来坚定的目光。(读后续写·动作描写)
短语句式
6.above all 最重要的是;尤其是
(China Daily)Datong, a city once heavily-reliant on coal mining, has embraced cleaner industries including modern medicines, new materials, new energy, and above all, the cultural and tourism industry.大同,一个曾经严重依赖煤矿开采的城市,已经接受了更清洁的产业,包括现代医药、新材料、新能源,尤其是文化和旅游产业。
①用all的相关短语填空
The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University. ,you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come. , you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances. , studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy .(推荐信)
②Thanks to your timely and generous help, .多亏了你及时而慷慨的帮助,我总共解决了这四个问题。(感谢信)
7.depend on/upon 依靠;取决于
(2023·北京卷)The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. 养成习惯所需的时间取决于多种因素,包括个人行为和预期行为。
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 (depend) on the age group.
②You may depend on that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.
③He depends on his parents (take) care of his children.
④We should seek solutions to the problems by ourselves .我们应该自己寻求问题的解决方案,而不是依赖别人的帮助。(建议信)
8.have+宾语+宾语补足语
(P2)It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.这个女人似乎非常喜欢饮用水泵里的水,因此她每天都让人送水到她家。
①Uncle Sam won't have my father and me (return) to the farm too late.
②It was cold, and she had the fire (burn) day and night.
③Training for the basketball game can have both our body and teamwork (strengthen).
④When it comes to English learning, I .说到英语学习,我有以下实用的建议要分享。(建议信)
【梯级训练】
基础达标练
语境辨析练
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.Mrs Smith at this point abstracted her mind from the former subject.
2.There are some long-term health problems associated with shift work—certain cancers, heart disease, and obesity.
3.The research lacks solid proof, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.subscribe
A.v.定期订购(或订阅) B.v.赞成;同意
C.v.捐助
①5G applications are being enriched as 62.5 percent of its mobile users subscribe to 5G packages and over 18,000 5G-powered industry projects.
②Though he doesn't earn much, he subscribes regularly to local charities.
③He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all.
2.handle
A.vt.处理 B.vt.控制;操纵 C.n.把手
D.vt.(用手)触、碰、拿
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations.
②(2022·全国甲卷)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.
③Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance.
④Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.
考点强化练
1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Though some are (initial) scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
2.(2022·全国乙卷)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting (fault) in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.
3.(2022·浙江卷)They nodded gratefully as I pushed my spoon into the pot and took a large spoonful and poured it their bowls.
4.(2021·北京)The (find) show a critical need to invest in disaster prevention.
5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take).
6.His words puzzled me so much that I had a hard time trying to make sense what he really meant.
写作衔接练
人物描写·敬佩的科学家
1.1867年11月7日,玛丽·居里出生于波兰,她也被称为“居里夫人”,她从小就对物理学表现出了极大的兴趣。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
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2.当时在波兰,作为一名女性,她不可能被大学录取,她去了法国深造,并获得了物理学学位。(likely)
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3.此外,居里夫人对生活的态度是弱者等待机会,强者创造机会。 (furthermore; that引导同位语从句;while作并列连词)
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4.居里夫人凭借其卓越的思想和坚定的决心,在发现镭方面取得了巨大的成功,并因此获得了诺贝尔奖。 (thanks to; brilliant; thinking; which引导非限制性定语从句)
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5.她对科学界做出了巨大的贡献,为此她被认为是最伟大的女科学家。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
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动作描写·眼部动作
Ⅰ.素材积累
短语 stare at 凝视;盯着看 glare at 怒视 gape at 目瞪口呆地看 at a glance 一瞥;看一眼 take/cast a glance at... 朝……看一眼 catch sight of 看见 fix/focus one's eyes on 某人的眼睛盯着 close/open one's eyes 某人闭上/睁开眼睛 drop/lower one's eyes 某人垂下眼睛看 catch a glimpse of 瞥见 roll one's eyes at sb 对某人翻白眼 give sb a wink/wink at sb 朝某人眨眼睛 narrow one's eyes 某人眯着眼睛 catch one's eye 吸引了某人的目光 take one's eyes off/shift one's eyes from 某人将目光从……移开
句子 ①He stared at the painting, unable to take his eyes off it. 他盯着那幅画,无法将目光从上面移开。 ②The child closed her eyes tightly before blowing out the birthday candles.孩子在吹灭生日蜡烛之前紧紧地闭着眼睛。 ③Sarah glared at her brother after he spilled juice on her favorite shirt. Sarah的弟弟把果汁洒在了她最喜欢的衬衫上,Sarah怒视着他。 ④The student fixed his eyes on the clock, counting down the seconds until the class ended. 这个学生目不转睛地盯着钟,倒计时,直到下课。
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①当她醒来睁开眼睛时,已经是上午10点了。(open)
It was already 10 am when she woke up and .
②拉开窗帘,阳光太刺眼了,她不得不眯起眼睛来适应强光。(narrow)
Drawing back the curtains, the sunlight was dazzling, so she had to to adjust to the strong light.
③突然,她瞥见了一朵盛开的小花。(glimpse)
Suddenly, she a small blooming flower.
④她走到外面,蹲下来端详着它,突然一只美丽的蝴蝶落在了花上。(动词不定式短语作目的状语)
She walked outside, squat down when suddenly a beautiful butterfly fell on the flower.
⑤她把目光从花上移开,却发现蝴蝶已经飞走了。(动词不定式短语作结果状语)
She , the butterfly had flown away.
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
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______________________________________________________________________________(共44张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
语篇填空·一文练透
核心考点·精讲精练
梯级训练·循序渐进
语篇填空·一文练透
Cholera， an infectious disease caused by germs， used to affect people's
health 1.________（severe）， thus causing many deaths and casting a shadow on
the world. Fortunately， cholera was overcome by a brilliant and outstanding
doctor called John Snow.
severely
At first， John Snow felt 2._________（frustrate） when many people came
down with this disease， and he was determined to defeat “King Cholera” once
and 3.____ all. Initially， there were two contradictory theories to explain how
cholera spread. Snow 4.__________（subscribe） to the second one that cholera
was caused by an 5._________（infect） from germs in food or water. But Snow
needed solid proof to defend his viewpoint. When cholera broke out in London in
1854， Snow， along with some gifted assistants， discovered that there were
multiple deaths in some 6.___________ （household） near a water pump，
which showed there was a link between the cases of cholera and the water.
frustrated
for
subscribed
infection
households
Snow suspected that the water pump was 7._________ （blame）， so he had the
handle of the water pump 8._________ （remove）. Thanks to Snow's intervention
and tireless efforts， people began to drink pure water instead of raw water. As a
result， there was 9.___ substantial decrease in the threat of cholera and a shift in
the death rate. Furthermore， in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed
the way scientists study diseases. Above all， his vivid thinking 10._____ concept
of disease were quite novel at that time. Therefore， Snow is considered the father
of modern epidemiology.
to blame
removed
a
and
核心考点·精讲精练
1.subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）；赞同；捐助 〈变〉subscriber n.订阅者；消费者；用户；捐赠者 subscription n.捐献；订阅；订金；签署
（China Daily）Some older people still subscribe to print editions of newspapers，
but the number is down.一些老年人仍然订阅印刷版报纸，但数量有所下降。
①For a monthly fee，___________（subscribe） get access to tons of special
features.
②He subscribes___the view that children can benefit from being independent.
③We applied for______________________（subscribe） to some magazines useful
for our work.
subscribers
to
subscribing/subscriptions
④My reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to know about advances in science.
（句式升级）
→____________________________New Scientist is to know about advances in
science.（定语从句）
The reason why I subscribe to
2.blame vt.责怪；指责；把……归咎于 n.责任；责备
（China Daily）Phone devices and computer screens are to blame for the rising
risk of short-sightedness among children. 手机设备和电脑屏幕是儿童近视风险上升
的罪魁祸首。
①（2021·全国甲卷）It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame
____getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria，
Canada.
for
②No one would admit responsibility. They all tried to lay the blame ____ someone
else.
on
③Don't always_________________________others. You should __________________
__________.不要总把你自己的失败归咎于他人，你应该为失败承担责任。
（话题写作·人际交往）
blame your own failure on
take/bear the blame
④______________________________________， Tim felt seized by a burst of
sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.蒂姆因演出失败而被责备，他悲伤得忍不住
痛哭。（读后续写·心理描写）
Blamed for the failure of the performance
for failure
3.link n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
（2023·全国乙卷）It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and
help to make the link between home and nature.它可以给人们的生活带来新的兴趣
和焦点，并有助于建立家与自然之间的联系。
①（China Daily）Scientists discovered increased heat ___________（link） to fast
weight gain in babies， which increases the risk of obesity in later life.
②The organizations have linked ____for a charity concert.
was linked
up
③Undoubtedly，social customs_______________________________________________.
毫无疑问，社会习俗在现在和过去之间起到了重要的纽带作用。（话题写作·社会习俗）
provide a vital link between the present and the past
4.defend vt.保护；保卫；辩解 〈变〉defence n.防御；保护；保卫 defender n.防御者 defensive adj.防御的；自我保护的
（2021·全国甲卷）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment
at the wall， we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride
on a piece of history! 在花了一些时间查看了城墙上的所有防御设施后，我们决定
是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比在历史遗迹上骑自行车更好的（活动）呢！
①These green barriers not only change the look of Beijing but also defend it
____________ the desert.
②Humour is a more effective________（defend） than violence.
③And we know that we are supposed to come together ___ defence of something
greater than ourselves.
④Seeing the fierce wolf， he ___________________________________ like an
arrow.看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。（读后续写·动作描写）
from/against
defence
in
rushed to defend/in defence of his son
5.cast vt.（cast，cast）投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
（China Daily）The shade cast by the solar panels is useful for more than
growing lush grass， and is also used to grow drought-resistant plants.太阳能电池
板投下的阴影不仅有助于草长得茂盛，还用于种植耐旱植物。
①She cast a glance ___the mirror and went out， shutting the door behind her.
②People can cast online votes____ those they adore.
at
for
③（2022·新高考卷）His coach heard what David said and_______________________
____.他的教练听到了David的话，向我投来坚定的目光。（读后续写·动作描写）
cast a determined look at
me
6.above all 最重要的是；尤其是
（China Daily）Datong， a city once heavily-reliant on coal mining， has
embraced cleaner industries including modern medicines， new materials， new
energy， and above all， the cultural and tourism industry.大同，一个曾经严重依
赖煤矿开采的城市，已经接受了更清洁的产业，包括现代医药、新材料、新能源，
尤其是文化和旅游产业。
①用all的相关短语填空
The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.
____________________，you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come.
_________， you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.__________，
studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy ______.（推荐信）
First of all/Above all
After all
All in all
at all
②Thanks to your timely and generous help，___________________________
_____________.多亏了你及时而慷慨的帮助，我总共解决了这四个问题。（感谢信）
I managed to solve the four problems in all
7.depend on/upon 依靠；取决于
（2023·北京卷）The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on
multiple factors， including the individual and the intended behaviour. 养成习惯所
需的时间取决于多种因素，包括个人行为和预期行为。
①（2023·浙江1月卷）Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7
__________（depend） on the age group.
②You may depend on ___ that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.
③He depends on his parents ________（take） care of his children.
depending
it
to take
④We should seek solutions to the problems by ourselves ______________________
___________________.我们应该自己寻求问题的解决方案，而不是依赖别人的帮助。
（建议信）
instead of depending on/
upon others for help
8.have+宾语+宾语补足语
（P2）It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she
had it delivered to her house every day.这个女人似乎非常喜欢饮用水泵里的水，
因此她每天都让人送水到她家。
①Uncle Sam won't have my father and me _________（return） to the farm too
late.
②It was cold， and she had the fire________（burn） day and night.
③Training for the basketball game can have both our body and teamwork___________
（strengthen）.
④When it comes to English learning， I ____________________________________
________.说到英语学习，我有以下实用的建议要分享。（建议信）
returning
burning
strengthened
have the following practical suggestions to share
梯级训练·循序渐进
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.Mrs Smith at this point abstracted her mind from the former subject.
__________________
2.There are some long-term health problems associated with shift work—certain
cancers， heart disease， and obesity.______
3.The research lacks solid proof， and therefore， its conclusions are
doubtful.________
提取；抽取；分离
轮班
可靠的
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.subscribe
A.v.定期订购（或订阅） B.v.赞成；同意
#b#
C.v.捐助
①5G applications are being enriched as 62.5 percent of its mobile users subscribe
to 5G packages and over 18，000 5G-powered industry projects.___
②Though he doesn't earn much， he subscribes regularly to local charities.___
③He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way
once and for all.___
A
C
B
2.handle
A.vt.处理 B.vt.控制；操纵 C.n.把手
#b#
D.vt.（用手）触、碰、拿
①（2023·浙江1月卷）Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and
letting him double-check all the details， make suggestions， and then handle the
actual reservations.___
A
②（2022·全国甲卷）The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid
annoying your companions.___
③Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance.___
④Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.___
D
B
C
1.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）Though some are ________（initial） scared of the insects
and turned off by the dirt， most are eager to try something new.
initially
2.（2022·全国乙卷）By using the latest technologies， drones could also start
providing higher-value services for railways， detecting ______（fault） in the rail
or switches， before they can cause any safety problems.
faults
3.（2022·浙江卷）They nodded gratefully as I pushed my spoon into the pot and
took a large spoonful and poured it _____ their bowls.
into
4.（2021·北京）The ________（find） show a critical need to invest in disaster
prevention.
5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ______（take）.
6.His words puzzled me so much that I had a hard time trying to make sense
___what he really meant.
findings
taken
of
人物描写·敬佩的科学家
1.1867年11月7日，玛丽·居里出生于波兰，她也被称为“居里夫人”，她从小就对物理学表现出了极大的兴趣。（过去分词短语作后置定语）
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____________________________________________
Born in Poland on Nov 7, 1867, Marie Curie, also known as Madame Curie, showed great interest in physics at an early age.
2.当时在波兰，作为一名女性，她不可能被大学录取，她去了法国深造，并获得了物理学学位。（likely）
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Unlikely to be admitted to a university in Poland as a woman at that time, she went to France for further studies and received a degree in physics.
3.此外，居里夫人对生活的态度是弱者等待机会，强者创造机会。 （furthermore； that引导同位语从句；while作并列连词）
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Furthermore, Madame Curie held such an attitude towards life that the weak wait for opportunities while the strong create them.
4.居里夫人凭借其卓越的思想和坚定的决心，在发现镭方面取得了巨大的成功，并因此获得了诺贝尔奖。 （thanks to； brilliant； thinking； which引导非限制性定语从句）
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Thanks to her brilliant thinking and great determination, Madame Curie achieved great success in discovering radium, which enabled her to win the Nobel Prize.
5.她对科学界做出了巨大的贡献，为此她被认为是最伟大的女科学家。（“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句）
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She made great contributions to the world of science, for which she is regarded as the greatest woman scientist.
短语 stare at 凝视；盯着看 #b# glare at 怒视 #b# gape at 目瞪口呆地看 #b# at a glance 一瞥；看一眼 #b# take/cast a glance at... 朝……看一眼 #b# catch sight of 看见 #b# fix/focus one's eyes on 某人的眼睛盯着 #b# close/open one's eyes 某人闭上/睁开眼睛 drop/lower one's eyes 某人垂下眼看
#b#
catch a glimpse of 瞥见
#b#
roll one's eyes at sb 对某人翻白眼
#b#
give sb a wink/wink at sb 朝某人眨眼睛
#b#
narrow one's eyes 某人眯着眼睛
#b#
catch one's eye 吸引了某人的目光
#b#
take one's eyes off/shift one's eyes
from 某人将目光从……移开
动作描写·眼部动作
Ⅰ.素材积累
句子 ①He stared at the painting， unable to take his eyes off it. 他盯着那幅
画，无法将目光从上面移开。
#b#
②The child closed her eyes tightly before blowing out the birthday
candles.孩子在吹灭生日蜡烛之前紧紧地闭着眼睛。
#b#
③Sarah glared at her brother after he spilled juice on her favorite shirt.
Sarah的弟弟把果汁洒在了她最喜欢的衬衫上，Sarah怒视着他。
#b#
④The student fixed his eyes on the clock， counting down the seconds
until the class ended. 这个学生目不转睛地盯着钟，倒计时，直到下课。
续表
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①当她醒来睁开眼睛时，已经是上午10点了。（open）
It was already 10 am when she woke up and ________________.
opened her eyes
②拉开窗帘，阳光太刺眼了，她不得不眯起眼睛来适应强光。（narrow）
When she was drawing back the curtains，the sunlight was dazzling，so she had to
_______________ to adjust to the strong light.
narrow her eyes
③突然，她瞥见了一朵盛开的小花。（glimpse）
Suddenly， she ___________________ a small blooming flower.
caught a glimpse of
④她走到外面，蹲下来端详着它，突然一只美丽的蝴蝶落在了花上。（动词不定式
短语作目的状语）
She walked outside， squat down ____________when suddenly a beautiful butterfly
fell on the flower.
to peer at it
⑤她把目光从花上移开，却发现蝴蝶已经飞走了。（动词不定式短语作结果状语）
She ______________________________，____________the butterfly had flown away.
shifted her eyes from the flower
only to find
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
_________________________________________________________________________
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It was already 10 am when she woke up and opened her eyes. When she was
drawing back the curtains, the sunlight was so dazzling that she had to narrow her
eyes to adjust to the strong light. Suddenly, a small blooming flower caught her eye.
Then she walked outside, squat down to peer at it when suddenly a beautiful
butterfly fell on the flower. She shifted her eyes from the flower, only to find the
butterfly had flown away.
