(共48张PPT)
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
语篇填空·一文练透
核心考点·精讲精练
梯级训练·循序渐进
语篇填空·一文练透
Here is an episode of my nephew Tom who leads a 1.__________（thorough）
decent and cosy life and has hardly met with some cruel 2.__________
（adversity）. However， dreaming of adventures， he resolved 3._______（join）
an expedition advertised on a website. Unfortunately， his application was turned
4.______. Being not qualified but full of vigour， perseverance and passion， he
didn't give up his dream. So he joined the navy and 5._____________（assign）
to be a steward with low wages. On a bitter cold day，he boarded a ship bound
for the Atlantic Ocean and began his voyage. The crew all liked Tom because he
was genuine，enthusiastic， good-tempered and loyal and wasn't 6._______
（self）. He often played the banjo for recreation. But one day the ship got
thoroughly
adversities
to join
down
was assigned
selfish
7.________（crush） on a huge iceberg. The ship sank and the sailors threw away
their belongings including stoves， blankets， bats， cupboards 8._____other
furniture. Finally， they had to abandon their ship and climbed onto an island
9._______they made fire to dry their clothes. They survived 10.__________
（depend） on their endurance. Later， they were saved. It has been a miserable
experience to Tom but at the same time it brought out Tom's best qualities in the
face of adversity.
crushed
and
where
depending
核心考点·精讲精练
1.enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 〈变〉enthusiasm n.热情 enthusiast n.热衷……的人；爱好者 enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地
（China Daily） I am enthusiastic about sharing this enriching experience with
friends who might find it equally meaningful.我热衷于与朋友们分享这一丰富的经
历，他们可能会觉得它同样有意义。
①I am looking forward to starting a new study life， and I think I have prepared
well with___________（enthusiastic）.
②I'm sure that it will interest you， for you have been enthusiastic ______
ping-pong.
③（2022·新高考卷）“Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they
shouted______________（enthusiastic）.
enthusiasm
about
enthusiastically
④_____________________________________________________， which makes me
qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.我不仅充满热情而且容
易相处，这使我能胜任报纸上刊登的志愿者工作。（申请信）
I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with
⑤With life being made up of ups and downs， it is not always
easy_______________________________________.人生起起落落，要保持一种良好、
热情的态度并不总是那么容易。（读后续写·主旨升华）
to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude
2.aboard adv. & prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等） 〈变〉board v.寄宿；上船（或飞机、火车、公共汽车等） n.木板；董事会；膳食；伙食
Welcome aboard our city tour bus. First， let me tell you about the tour.欢迎乘坐
我们的城市观光巴士。首先，让我告诉你这趟旅程的情况。
①（2023·浙江1月卷）If you have individuals who are not ____ board， your
words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
②（2022·全国甲卷）In March 2008， Ginni ________（board） a ship with 48
passengers she'd never met before， to begin the journey towards Antarctica.
on
boarded
③The instant the young couple ___________________________________， they
were talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.这对
年轻夫妇一上船就大声地说笑，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。（读后续写·动作描
写）
went aboard the ship/boarded the ship
3.assign vt.分派；布置；分配 〈变〉assignment n.任务；工作；分派
（China Daily）Gui has been assigned to operate scientific devices and conduct
experiments.桂（海潮）被指派操作科学设备和进行实验。
①（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Students will work in groups to complete four ___________
（assign） during the course.
②（五育·劳育）My mother assigned me ________（wash） the dishes after the
meal.
assignments
to wash
③They ___________________________________________because they are eager to
help develop rural education.他们自愿被分配到边远地区当老师，因为他们很希望帮
助发展边远地区的教育。（人物描写）
volunteer to be assigned to teach in rural areas
4.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃；沉湎于 n.放任；放纵 〈变〉abandoned adj.被抛弃的；废弃的；放纵的 abandonment n.离弃；遗弃；放弃；中止
（2022·全国乙卷）The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the
fact that your friend may feel abandoned. 在新环境中的朋友应该同情你的朋友可
能会感到被抛弃这一事实。
①（五育·智育）I will never abandon _________ （reach） the top of the
“mountain” because I want to be successful in life.
②Wang collected more than 7 million __________（abandon） bricks of different
ages.
reaching
abandoned
③______________________________________________________________， I
performed extremely badly in the final examination.由于沉迷于电脑游戏，我在期末
考试中表现得非常糟糕。（求助信）
Abandoned to computer games/Abandoning myself to computer games
④The girls jumped up and down and _____________________________.那些女孩子
跳上跳下，尽情地挥舞着手臂。（读后续写·动作描写）
waved their arms with abandon
5.resolve vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难） n.决心；坚定的信念；决定要做的事 〈变〉resolution n.决议；解决；决心 resolved adj.下定决心的；坚定的
（柯林斯词典）We must find a way to resolve these problems before it's too late.
我们必须及时找到一个办法去解决这些问题。
①We have resolved ____ making an early start to go aboard.
②Once he has made a __________（resolve） to do it， you won't get him to
change his mind.
③It ___________（resolve） that our school would set up a lunchroom for the
students.
on
resolution
is resolved
④____________________________， you ought to actively build a bridge between
you and your parents at first.为了解决冲突，首先你应该积极地在父母和你之间架
起沟通的桥梁。（建议信）
In order to resolve the conflict
6.turn down 拒绝；减小（音量、亮度等）
（2021·新高考卷）This time， she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.这一
次，她把火关小了，这样就烤得很好。
①（2023·浙江1月卷）Consider turning your travel plan _____ to a travel agent
and letting him double-check all the details， make suggestions， and then handle
the actual reservations.
over
②（五育·智育）You shouldn't always turn ___ the dictionary when meeting new
words in reading.
③Whenever I was in trouble， ____________________________________.无论我何
时遇到困难，我都会向英语老师求助。（投稿）
④_______________helping others realize their dreams gives me more pleasure.事实
证明，帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我更快乐。（读后续写·主旨升华）
to
I turned to my English teacher for help
It turns out that
7.without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
（P39）Without Frank and Ernest， we'd all be dead by now.如果没有弗兰克和
欧内斯特，我们现在都死了。
①（2023·新高考卷）Without your recognition and guidance， I
___________________（not write） this article.
②________ your support and encouragement， I would not have succeeded.
③But for your help， I ______________________________________in English
learning.要不是你的帮助，我不可能在英语学习中取得如此大的进步。（感谢信）
④I was busy； otherwise___________________your birthday party.我很忙，不然的
话我就去参加你的生日聚会了。（致歉信）
couldn't have written
Without
would not have made such great progress
would have attended
8.if引导虚拟条件句
（P44）If it weren't for sea animals， we would all starve.要是没有海洋动物，
我们都会饿死的。
虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用：
非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式（be动词一 般用were） would/could/should/might
+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might
+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 动词的过去式 would/could/should/might
+动词原形
were to+动词原形
should+动词原形
微提醒：当虚拟条件句中有should、 had或were时，可以省略if，且把should、 had
或were提到主语前，变为倒装句式。
①（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）In fact， Royte writes， “if food waste were a country， it
__________（be） the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
②（五育·体育）______ it to rain tomorrow， the sports meeting would be put off.
would be
Were
③I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech. Today the topic of my
speech is “If I were a dustman”.
_______________________________________________with no rubbish lying on the
street.受邀在这里发表演讲，我倍感荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫
工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，让街上没有任何垃圾。
（演讲稿）
If I were a dustman, I would make our city cleaner
④_______________________________________________________________.如果我
听从了他的建议，我就已经通过这场重要的考试了。（读后续写·心理描写）
If I had followed his advice, I would have passed the important exam
9.such... that...引导结果状语从句
（P45）When we were finally rescued， we felt such relief and joy that many of
us could not hide our tears.当我们最终获救时，我们感到如释重负，许多人都喜极
而泣。
①（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）Some students get ____interested in gardening that they
bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.
②They are _____little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves.
so
such
③It was so hot a day that even the crops withered.（句型转换）
→So hot a day ___________even the crops withered.
→Such ____________________even the crops withered.
was it that
a hot day was it that
④（2023·新高考卷）_______________________________that I immediately shared
it with my teacher.我听到这个消息很高兴，以至于我立即告诉了我的老师。（读后
续写·心理描写）
So happy was I to hear the news
梯级训练·循序渐进
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.You won't even have a real instructor barking instructions at
you!________________
2.The agreement assigns copyright to the publisher.______
3.I wouldn't advertise the fact that you don't have a work permit.______
4.They abandoned the match because of rain.______
5.More than a foot of snow blanketed parts of Michigan.______
吼叫；厉声发令
转让
宣传
中止
覆盖
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.sink
A.v.（心情）沮丧；（情绪）低落 B.v.使失败；使受挫 C.v.投入（资金） D.v.下
沉；下陷 E.n.洗涤池；洗碗槽
①（2023·浙江1月卷）The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna
Forest.___
②I think I've just sunk my chances of getting the job.___
③My heart sank because I thought I had failed in the interview this morning.___
④She has already sunk $100 million into the project.___
⑤Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink after meal!___
D
B
A
C
E
2.rough
A.adj.汹涌的；风浪很大的 B.adj.崎岖的
#b#
C.adj.粗略的 D.adj.艰难的 E.adj.粗鲁的
①（2023· 全国甲卷）The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when
Europeans came， with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside
Native Americans.___
C
②Safety was first. It was too rough to sail that night.___
③I don't know how to release the pressure in such a rough time.___
④The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now.___
⑤He is such a rough child that he doesn't behave himself.___
A
D
B
E
1.（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise ______
the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.
under
2.（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）___________（fortunate） for those in midlife，Levine is
finding that even if you haven't been an ___________（enthusiasm） exerciser，
getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Fortunately
enthusiastic
3.She has turned ______ several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate
on her studies.
4.Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural __________（belong）.
5.I could never stomach the _______（cruel） involved in the wounding of animals.
down
belonging
cruelty
申请信·民俗博物馆志愿者（2023·山东青岛模拟）
1.从你们的广告中我得知，今年夏天民俗博物馆需要志愿者，我写信想申请成为一名志愿者。（advertisement；动词-ing形式作状语）
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Knowing from your advertisement that volunteers are needed for the Folk Museum this summer, I am writing to apply to become a volunteer.
2.经过10年的坚持学习，我能说一口流利的英语，这使我可以毫不费力地与游客交流。（persevere； which引导非限制性定语从句）
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
I speak English fluently after persevering in learning it for 10 years, which enables me to communicate with visitors without difficulty.
3.我是一个如此热心的中国传统民俗爱好者，以至于我对各种类型的中国传统民俗有着深入的了解。（enthusiastic；thorough；such...that...引导结果状语从句）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
I am such an enthusiastic lover of traditional Chinese folk customs that I have a thorough knowledge of various types of traditional Chinese folk customs.
4.如果被录用，我将忠实于我的工作，致力于向参观者介绍悠久的中国历史，这有助于他们更多地了解中国传统风俗。（loyal；commit；if引导虚拟条件句；which引导非限制性定语从句）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5.我认为我有资格成为一名志愿者。请给我一个机会。（qualify）
____________________________________________________________
I think I am qualified to be a volunteer. Please give me a chance.
If I were accepted, I would be loyal to my job and commit myself to
introducing the long Chinese history to the visitors, which could help them know
more about traditional Chinese customs.
动作描写·脚部动作
Ⅰ.素材积累
单词 barefoot（赤脚的/赤脚地）；stamp（跺脚）；tiptoe（踮着脚走）；creep
（蹑手蹑脚地移动）；kick（踢腿）；tramp（踩）；sneak/slide/slip（溜
走）；pace（踱步）
短语 jump/rise to one's feet 跳起来/站起来 #b# stamp one's feet 跺脚 #b# on tiptoe 蹑手蹑脚地 #b# tiptoe into 蹑手蹑脚进入 #b# be light on one's feet 脚步轻盈 #b# slow and heavy tramp of feet 缓慢而 沉重的脚步 #b# have two left feet 笨手笨脚 creep up/down the stairs 蹑手蹑脚
地上/下楼
#b#
get/leap to one's feet 直起身来/跳
起来
#b#
drag one's feet 拖着脚步
#b#
put one's feet up 翘起脚休息
#b#
stagger to one's feet 摇摇晃晃站
起身来
#b#
slow one's stride 放慢脚步
续表
句子 ①She jumped to her feet when she heard the news. 当她听到这个消息
时，她跳了起来。
#b#
②Sarah stamped her feet impatiently， hoping to grab the attention of
the busy salesperson. Sarah不耐烦地跺着脚，希望能引起忙碌的销售人员
的注意。
#b#
③The boy tiptoed into the room， trying to go unnoticed.男孩踮着脚尖
走进房间，试图不被人注意到。
#b#
④The children ran joyfully through the grassy field in bare feet，
laughing as the blades of grass tickled their toes. 孩子们光着脚在草地上
快乐地奔跑，当草叶挠他们的脚趾时，他们笑了起来。
续表
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①小男孩光着脚走出卧室时已经是半夜了。（bare）
It was already midnight when the little boy __________________________________
__.
walked out of his bedroom in bare feet
②他蹑手蹑脚地走下楼梯，尽量避免发出任何可能吵醒熟睡的父母的声音。（creep；
动词-ing形式作状语）
He ____________________， _______________________________that could awaken
his sleeping parents.
crept down the stairs
trying to avoid making any noise
③当他走近厨房时，他踮着脚尖走进去，小心翼翼地，以免打破寂静。（tiptoe；形
容词短语作状语）
As he approached the kitchen， he ___________ it， _________________________
_______.
tiptoed into
careful not to disturb the silence
④他听到楼梯上传来缓慢而沉重的脚步声。（tramp）
He ____________________________________on the stairs.
heard the slow and heavy tramp of feet
⑤男孩跳了起来，他别无选择只能立刻跑出了厨房。（jump）
The boy __________________ and had no choice but _____________ the kitchen
immediately.
jumped to his feet
to run out of
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
It was already midnight when the little boy walked out of his bedroom in bare
feet. He crept down the stairs, trying to avoid making any noise that could awaken
his sleeping parents. As he approached the kitchen, he tiptoed into it, careful not to
disturb the silence. Suddenly, he heard the slow and heavy tramp of feet on the
stairs. Then the boy jumped to his feet and had no choice but to run out of the
kitchen immediately.UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
【语篇填空】
Here is an episode of my nephew Tom who leads a 1. (thorough) decent and cosy life and has hardly met with some cruel 2. (adversity). However, dreaming of adventures, he resolved 3. (join) an expedition advertised on a website. Unfortunately, his application was turned 4. . Being not qualified but full of vigour, perseverance and passion, he didn't give up his dream. So he joined the navy and 5. (assign) to be a steward with low wages. On a bitter cold day,he boarded a ship bound for the Atlantic Ocean and began his voyage. The crew all liked Tom because he was genuine,enthusiastic, good-tempered and loyal and wasn't 6. (self). He often played the banjo for recreation. But one day the ship got 7. (crush) on a huge iceberg. The ship sank and the sailors threw away their belongings including stoves, blankets, bats, cupboards 8. other furniture. Finally, they had to abandon their ship and climbed onto an island 9. they made fire to dry their clothes. They survived 10. (depend) on their endurance. Later, they were saved. It has been a miserable experience to Tom but at the same time it brought out Tom's best qualities in the face of adversity.
【答案】1.thoroughly 2.adversities 3.to join 4.down 5.was assigned 6.selfish 7.crushed 8.and 9.where 10.depending
【核心考点】
重点单词
1.enthusiastic adj. 热情的;热心的 <变>enthusiasm n.热情 enthusiast n.热衷……的人;爱好者 enthusiastically adv.热情地;热心地
(China Daily) I am enthusiastic about sharing this enriching experience with friends who might find it equally meaningful.我热衷于与朋友们分享这一丰富的经历,他们可能会觉得它同样有意义。
①I am looking forward to starting a new study life, and I think I have prepared well with (enthusiastic).
②I'm sure that it will interest you, for you have been enthusiastic ping-pong.
③(2022·新高考卷)“Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted (enthusiastic).
④ , which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.我不仅充满热情而且容易相处,这使我能胜任报纸上刊登的志愿者工作。(申请信)
⑤With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy .人生起起落落,要保持一种良好、热情的态度并不总是那么容易。(读后续写·主旨升华)
【答案】①enthusiasm ②about ③enthusiastically
④I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with ⑤to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude
2.aboard adv. & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) <变>board v.寄宿;上船(或飞机、火车、公共汽车等) n.木板;董事会;膳食;伙食
Welcome aboard our city tour bus. First, let me tell you about the tour.欢迎乘坐我们的城市观光巴士。首先,让我告诉你这趟旅程的情况。
①(2023·浙江1月卷)If you have individuals who are not board, your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
②(2022·全国甲卷)In March 2008, Ginni (board) a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.
③The instant the young couple , they were talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.这对年轻夫妇一上船就大声地说笑,好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。(读后续写·动作描写)
【答案】①on ②boarded ③went aboard the ship/boarded the ship
3.assign vt.分派;布置;分配 <变>assignment n.任务;工作;分派
(China Daily)Gui has been assigned to operate scientific devices and conduct experiments.桂(海潮)被指派操作科学设备和进行实验。
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Students will work in groups to complete four (assign) during the course.
②(五育·劳育)My mother assigned me (wash) the dishes after the meal.
③They because they are eager to help develop rural education.他们自愿被分配到边远地区当老师,因为他们很希望帮助发展边远地区的教育。(人物描写)
【答案】①assignments ②to wash ③volunteer to be assigned to teach in rural areas
4.abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃;沉湎于 n.放任;放纵 <变>abandoned adj.被抛弃的;废弃的;放纵的 abandonment n.离弃;遗弃;放弃;中止
(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. 在新环境中的朋友应该同情你的朋友可能会感到被抛弃这一事实。
①(五育·智育)I will never abandon (reach) the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life.
②Wang collected more than 7 million (abandon) bricks of different ages.
③ , I performed extremely badly in the final examination.由于沉迷于电脑游戏,我在期末考试中表现得非常糟糕。(求助信)
④The girls jumped up and down and .那些女孩子跳上跳下,尽情地挥舞着手臂。(读后续写·动作描写)
【答案】①reaching ②abandoned ③Abandoned to computer games/Abandoning myself to computer games ④waved their arms with abandon
5.resolve vi. & vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念;决定要做的事
<变>resolution n.决议;解决;决心 resolved adj.下定决心的;坚定的
(柯林斯词典)We must find a way to resolve these problems before it's too late.我们必须及时找到一个办法去解决这些问题。
①We have resolved making an early start to go aboard.
②Once he has made a (resolve) to do it, you won't get him to change his mind.
③It (resolve) that our school would set up a lunchroom for the students.
④ , you ought to actively build a bridge between you and your parents at first.为了解决冲突,首先你应该积极地在父母和你之间架起沟通的桥梁。(建议信)
【答案】①on ②resolution ③is resolved
④In order to resolve the conflict
短语句式
6.turn down 拒绝;减小(音量、亮度等)
(2021·新高考卷)This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.这一次,她把火关小了,这样就烤得很好。
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Consider turning your travel plan to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations.
②(五育·智育)You shouldn't always turn the dictionary when meeting new words in reading.
③Whenever I was in trouble, .无论我何时遇到困难,我都会向英语老师求助。(投稿)
④ helping others realize their dreams gives me more pleasure.事实证明,帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我更快乐。(读后续写·主旨升华)
【答案】①over ②to ③I turned to my English teacher for help ④It turns out that
7.without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
(P39)Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now.如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们现在都死了。
①(2023·新高考卷)Without your recognition and guidance, I (not write) this article.
② your support and encouragement, I would not have succeeded.
③But for your help, I in English learning.要不是你的帮助,我不可能在英语学习中取得如此大的进步。(感谢信)
④I was busy; otherwise your birthday party.我很忙,不然的话我就去参加你的生日聚会了。(致歉信)
【答案】①couldn't have written ②Without
③would not have made such great progress ④would have attended
8.if引导虚拟条件句
(P44)If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve.要是没有海洋动物,我们都会饿死的。
虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用:
非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+ 动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might+ have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 动词的过去式 would/could/should/might+ 动词原形
were to+动词原形
should+动词原形
微提醒:当虚拟条件句中有should、 had或were时,可以省略if,且把should、 had或were提到主语前,变为倒装句式。
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it (be) the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
②(五育·体育) it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
③I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech. Today the topic of my speech is “If I were a dustman”. with no rubbish lying on the street.受邀在这里发表演讲,我倍感荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人,我会让我们的城市更干净,让街上没有任何垃圾。(演讲稿)
④ .如果我听从了他的建议,我就已经通过这场重要的考试了。(读后续写·心理描写)
【答案】①would be ②Were ③If I were a dustman, I would make our city cleaner ④If I had followed his advice, I would have passed the important exam
9.such... that...引导结果状语从句
(P45)When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.当我们最终获救时,我们感到如释重负,许多人都喜极而泣。
①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Some students get interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.
②They are little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves.
③It was so hot a day that even the crops withered.(句型转换)
→So hot a day even the crops withered.
→Such even the crops withered.
④(2023·新高考卷) that I immediately shared it with my teacher.我听到这个消息很高兴,以至于我立即告诉了我的老师。(读后续写·心理描写)
【答案】①so ②such ③was it that; a hot day was it that ④So happy was I to hear the news
【梯级训练】
基础达标练
语境辨析练
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.You won't even have a real instructor barking instructions at you!
2.The agreement assigns copyright to the publisher.
3.I wouldn't advertise the fact that you don't have a work permit.
4.They abandoned the match because of rain.
5.More than a foot of snow blanketed parts of Michigan.
【答案】1.吼叫;厉声发令 2.转让 3.宣传 4.中止 5.覆盖
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.sink
A.v.(心情)沮丧;(情绪)低落 B.v.使失败;使受挫 C.v.投入(资金) D.v.下沉;下陷 E.n.洗涤池;洗碗槽
①(2023·浙江1月卷)The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest.
②I think I've just sunk my chances of getting the job.
③My heart sank because I thought I had failed in the interview this morning.
④She has already sunk $100 million into the project.
⑤Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink after meal!
【答案】①D ②B ③A ④C ⑤E
2.rough
A.adj.汹涌的;风浪很大的 B.adj.崎岖的
C.adj.粗略的 D.adj.艰难的 E.adj.粗鲁的
①(2023· 全国甲卷)The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.
②Safety was first. It was too rough to sail that night.
③I don't know how to release the pressure in such a rough time.
④The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now.
⑤He is such a rough child that he doesn't behave himself.
【答案】①C ②A ③D ④B ⑤E
考点强化练
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) (fortunate) for those in midlife,Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an (enthusiasm) exerciser,getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
3.She has turned several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
4.Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural (belong).
5.I could never stomach the (cruel) involved in the wounding of animals.
【答案】1.under 2.Fortunately;enthusiastic
3.down 4.belonging 5.cruelty
写作衔接练
申请信·民俗博物馆志愿者(2023·山东青岛模拟)
1.从你们的广告中我得知,今年夏天民俗博物馆需要志愿者,我写信想申请成为一名志愿者。(advertisement;动词-ing形式作状语)
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2.经过10年的坚持学习,我能说一口流利的英语,这使我可以毫不费力地与游客交流。(persevere; which引导非限制性定语从句)
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3.我是一个如此热心的中国传统民俗爱好者,以至于我对各种类型的中国传统民俗有着深入的了解。(enthusiastic;thorough;such...that...引导结果状语从句)
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4.如果被录用,我将忠实于我的工作,致力于向参观者介绍悠久的中国历史,这有助于他们更多地了解中国传统风俗。(loyal;commit;if引导虚拟条件句;which引导非限制性定语从句)
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5.我认为我有资格成为一名志愿者。请给我一个机会。(qualify)
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【答案】
1.Knowing from your advertisement that volunteers are needed for the Folk Museum this summer, I am writing to apply to become a volunteer.
2.I speak English fluently after persevering in learning it for 10 years, which enables me to communicate with visitors without difficulty.
3.I am such an enthusiastic lover of traditional Chinese folk customs that I have a thorough knowledge of various types of traditional Chinese folk customs.
4.If I were accepted, I would be loyal to my job and commit myself to introducing the long Chinese history to the visitors, which could help them know more about traditional Chinese customs.
5.I think I am qualified to be a volunteer. Please give me a chance.
动作描写·脚部动作
Ⅰ.素材积累
单词 barefoot(赤脚的/赤脚地);stamp(跺脚);tiptoe(踮着脚走);creep(蹑手蹑脚地移动);kick(踢腿);tramp(踩);sneak/slide/slip(溜走);pace(踱步)
短语 jump/rise to one's feet 跳起来/站起来 stamp one's feet 跺脚 on tiptoe 蹑手蹑脚地 tiptoe into 蹑手蹑脚进入 be light on one's feet 脚步轻盈 slow and heavy tramp of feet 缓慢而沉重的脚步 have two left feet 笨手笨脚 creep up/down the stairs 蹑手蹑脚地上/下楼 get/leap to one's feet 直起身来/跳起来 drag one's feet 拖着脚步 put one's feet up 翘起脚休息 stagger to one's feet 摇摇晃晃站起身来 slow one's stride 放慢脚步
句子 ①She jumped to her feet when she heard the news. 当她听到这个消息时,她跳了起来。 ②Sarah stamped her feet impatiently, hoping to grab the attention of the busy salesperson. Sarah不耐烦地跺着脚,希望能引起忙碌的销售人员的注意。 ③The boy tiptoed into the room, trying to go unnoticed.男孩踮着脚尖走进房间,试图不被人注意到。 ④The children ran joyfully through the grassy field in bare feet, laughing as the blades of grass tickled their toes. 孩子们光着脚在草地上快乐地奔跑,当草叶挠他们的脚趾时,他们笑了起来。
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①小男孩光着脚走出卧室时已经是半夜了。(bare)
It was already midnight when the little boy .
②他蹑手蹑脚地走下楼梯,尽量避免发出任何可能吵醒熟睡的父母的声音。(creep;动词-ing形式作状语)
He , that could awaken his sleeping parents.
③当他走近厨房时,他踮着脚尖走进去,小心翼翼地,以免打破寂静。(tiptoe;形容词短语作状语)
As he approached the kitchen, he it, .
④他听到楼梯上传来缓慢而沉重的脚步声。(tramp)
He on the stairs.
⑤男孩跳了起来,他别无选择只能立刻跑出了厨房。(jump)
The boy and had no choice but the kitchen immediately.
【答案】①walked out of his bedroom in bare feet ②crept down the stairs; trying to avoid making any noise ③tiptoed into;careful not to disturb the silence ④heard the slow and heavy tramp of feet ⑤jumped to his feet;to run out of
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
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【答案】
It was already midnight when the little boy walked out of his bedroom in bare feet. He crept down the stairs, trying to avoid making any noise that could awaken his sleeping parents. As he approached the kitchen, he tiptoed into it, careful not to disturb the silence. Suddenly, he heard the slow and heavy tramp of feet on the stairs. Then the boy jumped to his feet and had no choice but to run out of the kitchen immediately.UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
【语篇填空】
Here is an episode of my nephew Tom who leads a 1. (thorough) decent and cosy life and has hardly met with some cruel 2. (adversity). However, dreaming of adventures, he resolved 3. (join) an expedition advertised on a website. Unfortunately, his application was turned 4. . Being not qualified but full of vigour, perseverance and passion, he didn't give up his dream. So he joined the navy and 5. (assign) to be a steward with low wages. On a bitter cold day,he boarded a ship bound for the Atlantic Ocean and began his voyage. The crew all liked Tom because he was genuine,enthusiastic, good-tempered and loyal and wasn't 6. (self). He often played the banjo for recreation. But one day the ship got 7. (crush) on a huge iceberg. The ship sank and the sailors threw away their belongings including stoves, blankets, bats, cupboards 8. other furniture. Finally, they had to abandon their ship and climbed onto an island 9. they made fire to dry their clothes. They survived 10. (depend) on their endurance. Later, they were saved. It has been a miserable experience to Tom but at the same time it brought out Tom's best qualities in the face of adversity.
【核心考点】
重点单词
1.enthusiastic adj. 热情的;热心的 <变>enthusiasm n.热情 enthusiast n.热衷……的人;爱好者 enthusiastically adv.热情地;热心地
(China Daily) I am enthusiastic about sharing this enriching experience with friends who might find it equally meaningful.我热衷于与朋友们分享这一丰富的经历,他们可能会觉得它同样有意义。
①I am looking forward to starting a new study life, and I think I have prepared well with (enthusiastic).
②I'm sure that it will interest you, for you have been enthusiastic ping-pong.
③(2022·新高考卷)“Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted (enthusiastic).
④ , which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.我不仅充满热情而且容易相处,这使我能胜任报纸上刊登的志愿者工作。(申请信)
⑤With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy .人生起起落落,要保持一种良好、热情的态度并不总是那么容易。(读后续写·主旨升华)
2.aboard adv. & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) <变>board v.寄宿;上船(或飞机、火车、公共汽车等) n.木板;董事会;膳食;伙食
Welcome aboard our city tour bus. First, let me tell you about the tour.欢迎乘坐我们的城市观光巴士。首先,让我告诉你这趟旅程的情况。
①(2023·浙江1月卷)If you have individuals who are not board, your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
②(2022·全国甲卷)In March 2008, Ginni (board) a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.
③The instant the young couple , they were talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.这对年轻夫妇一上船就大声地说笑,好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。(读后续写·动作描写)
3.assign vt.分派;布置;分配 <变>assignment n.任务;工作;分派
(China Daily)Gui has been assigned to operate scientific devices and conduct experiments.桂(海潮)被指派操作科学设备和进行实验。
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Students will work in groups to complete four (assign) during the course.
②(五育·劳育)My mother assigned me (wash) the dishes after the meal.
③They because they are eager to help develop rural education.他们自愿被分配到边远地区当老师,因为他们很希望帮助发展边远地区的教育。(人物描写)
4.abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃;沉湎于 n.放任;放纵 <变>abandoned adj.被抛弃的;废弃的;放纵的 abandonment n.离弃;遗弃;放弃;中止
(2022·全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. 在新环境中的朋友应该同情你的朋友可能会感到被抛弃这一事实。
①(五育·智育)I will never abandon (reach) the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life.
②Wang collected more than 7 million (abandon) bricks of different ages.
③ , I performed extremely badly in the final examination.由于沉迷于电脑游戏,我在期末考试中表现得非常糟糕。(求助信)
④The girls jumped up and down and .那些女孩子跳上跳下,尽情地挥舞着手臂。(读后续写·动作描写)
5.resolve vi. & vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念;决定要做的事
<变>resolution n.决议;解决;决心 resolved adj.下定决心的;坚定的
(柯林斯词典)We must find a way to resolve these problems before it's too late.我们必须及时找到一个办法去解决这些问题。
①We have resolved making an early start to go aboard.
②Once he has made a (resolve) to do it, you won't get him to change his mind.
③It (resolve) that our school would set up a lunchroom for the students.
④ , you ought to actively build a bridge between you and your parents at first.为了解决冲突,首先你应该积极地在父母和你之间架起沟通的桥梁。(建议信)
短语句式
6.turn down 拒绝;减小(音量、亮度等)
(2021·新高考卷)This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.这一次,她把火关小了,这样就烤得很好。
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Consider turning your travel plan to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations.
②(五育·智育)You shouldn't always turn the dictionary when meeting new words in reading.
③Whenever I was in trouble, .无论我何时遇到困难,我都会向英语老师求助。(投稿)
④ helping others realize their dreams gives me more pleasure.事实证明,帮助别人实现他们的梦想让我更快乐。(读后续写·主旨升华)
7.without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
(P39)Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now.如果没有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们现在都死了。
①(2023·新高考卷)Without your recognition and guidance, I (not write) this article.
② your support and encouragement, I would not have succeeded.
③But for your help, I in English learning.要不是你的帮助,我不可能在英语学习中取得如此大的进步。(感谢信)
④I was busy; otherwise your birthday party.我很忙,不然的话我就去参加你的生日聚会了。(致歉信)
8.if引导虚拟条件句
(P44)If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve.要是没有海洋动物,我们都会饿死的。
虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用:
非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might+ 动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might+ have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设 动词的过去式 would/could/should/might+ 动词原形
were to+动词原形
should+动词原形
微提醒:当虚拟条件句中有should、 had或were时,可以省略if,且把should、 had或were提到主语前,变为倒装句式。
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it (be) the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
②(五育·体育) it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
③I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech. Today the topic of my speech is “If I were a dustman”. with no rubbish lying on the street.受邀在这里发表演讲,我倍感荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人,我会让我们的城市更干净,让街上没有任何垃圾。(演讲稿)
④ .如果我听从了他的建议,我就已经通过这场重要的考试了。(读后续写·心理描写)
9.such... that...引导结果状语从句
(P45)When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.当我们最终获救时,我们感到如释重负,许多人都喜极而泣。
①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Some students get interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.
②They are little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves.
③It was so hot a day that even the crops withered.(句型转换)
→So hot a day even the crops withered.
→Such even the crops withered.
④(2023·新高考卷) that I immediately shared it with my teacher.我听到这个消息很高兴,以至于我立即告诉了我的老师。(读后续写·心理描写)
【梯级训练】
基础达标练
语境辨析练
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.You won't even have a real instructor barking instructions at you!
2.The agreement assigns copyright to the publisher.
3.I wouldn't advertise the fact that you don't have a work permit.
4.They abandoned the match because of rain.
5.More than a foot of snow blanketed parts of Michigan.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.sink
A.v.(心情)沮丧;(情绪)低落 B.v.使失败;使受挫 C.v.投入(资金) D.v.下沉;下陷 E.n.洗涤池;洗碗槽
①(2023·浙江1月卷)The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest.
②I think I've just sunk my chances of getting the job.
③My heart sank because I thought I had failed in the interview this morning.
④She has already sunk $100 million into the project.
⑤Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink after meal!
2.rough
A.adj.汹涌的;风浪很大的 B.adj.崎岖的
C.adj.粗略的 D.adj.艰难的 E.adj.粗鲁的
①(2023· 全国甲卷)The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.
②Safety was first. It was too rough to sail that night.
③I don't know how to release the pressure in such a rough time.
④The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now.
⑤He is such a rough child that he doesn't behave himself.
考点强化练
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) (fortunate) for those in midlife,Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an (enthusiasm) exerciser,getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
3.She has turned several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
4.Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural (belong).
5.I could never stomach the (cruel) involved in the wounding of animals.
写作衔接练
申请信·民俗博物馆志愿者(2023·山东青岛模拟)
1.从你们的广告中我得知,今年夏天民俗博物馆需要志愿者,我写信想申请成为一名志愿者。(advertisement;动词-ing形式作状语)
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2.经过10年的坚持学习,我能说一口流利的英语,这使我可以毫不费力地与游客交流。(persevere; which引导非限制性定语从句)
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3.我是一个如此热心的中国传统民俗爱好者,以至于我对各种类型的中国传统民俗有着深入的了解。(enthusiastic;thorough;such...that...引导结果状语从句)
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4.如果被录用,我将忠实于我的工作,致力于向参观者介绍悠久的中国历史,这有助于他们更多地了解中国传统风俗。(loyal;commit;if引导虚拟条件句;which引导非限制性定语从句)
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5.我认为我有资格成为一名志愿者。请给我一个机会。(qualify)
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动作描写·脚部动作
Ⅰ.素材积累
单词 barefoot(赤脚的/赤脚地);stamp(跺脚);tiptoe(踮着脚走);creep(蹑手蹑脚地移动);kick(踢腿);tramp(踩);sneak/slide/slip(溜走);pace(踱步)
短语 jump/rise to one's feet 跳起来/站起来 stamp one's feet 跺脚 on tiptoe 蹑手蹑脚地 tiptoe into 蹑手蹑脚进入 be light on one's feet 脚步轻盈 slow and heavy tramp of feet 缓慢而沉重的脚步 have two left feet 笨手笨脚 creep up/down the stairs 蹑手蹑脚地上/下楼 get/leap to one's feet 直起身来/跳起来 drag one's feet 拖着脚步 put one's feet up 翘起脚休息 stagger to one's feet 摇摇晃晃站起身来 slow one's stride 放慢脚步
句子 ①She jumped to her feet when she heard the news. 当她听到这个消息时,她跳了起来。 ②Sarah stamped her feet impatiently, hoping to grab the attention of the busy salesperson. Sarah不耐烦地跺着脚,希望能引起忙碌的销售人员的注意。 ③The boy tiptoed into the room, trying to go unnoticed.男孩踮着脚尖走进房间,试图不被人注意到。 ④The children ran joyfully through the grassy field in bare feet, laughing as the blades of grass tickled their toes. 孩子们光着脚在草地上快乐地奔跑,当草叶挠他们的脚趾时,他们笑了起来。
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①小男孩光着脚走出卧室时已经是半夜了。(bare)
It was already midnight when the little boy .
②他蹑手蹑脚地走下楼梯,尽量避免发出任何可能吵醒熟睡的父母的声音。(creep;动词-ing形式作状语)
He , that could awaken his sleeping parents.
③当他走近厨房时,他踮着脚尖走进去,小心翼翼地,以免打破寂静。(tiptoe;形容词短语作状语)
As he approached the kitchen, he it, .
④他听到楼梯上传来缓慢而沉重的脚步声。(tramp)
He on the stairs.
⑤男孩跳了起来,他别无选择只能立刻跑出了厨房。(jump)
The boy and had no choice but the kitchen immediately.
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
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