【弯道超车】Unit 8 Natural disasters 暑假新八年级英语 知识点讲解+例题精炼（含答案）（牛津译林版）

Unit 8 Natural disasters
知识点讲解
单词
disaster n. 灾难，不幸，祸患
mop vt. 用拖把擦干净
up adv. 完全地
earthquake n. 地震
thousands of 成千上万的
accident n. 事故，意外的事
coach n. 长途汽车
crash vi/vt 猛撞，碰撞
flood n. 洪水，水灾
wash away 冲走
village n. 村庄，乡村
lightning n. 闪电
storm n. 风暴，暴（风）雨
thunder n. 雷，雷声
catch fire 着火
slight adj. 轻微的
shake n. 摇动，震动
loud adj. 响亮的，大声的，喧闹的
bomb n. 炸弹
shake vi/vt 摇动，震动
fear n. 害怕，恐惧
direction n. 方向
in all directions 四面八方
while conj. 当…的时候，和…同时
brick n. 砖，砖
come down 崩塌，坍塌
shaking n. 摇动，震动
silent adj. 寂静的
not … at all 一点也不
if conj. 是否
nervous adj. 紧张不安的
heart n. 心脏
beat vi/vt 规律作响
trapped adj. 困住的
mind n. 头脑
calm vi/vt （使）平静，（使）镇定
calm down 冷静
since conj. 由于，既然
still adv. 仍然
alive n. 活着的
dark n. 黑暗
find one's way out 找到出路
shout n. 呼喊，喊出声
at last 最后，终于
daylight n. 日光
safe adj. 安全的
asleep adj. 睡着的
after conj. 在…以后
break vi. 损坏，打破
break down 出故障，坏掉
because of 因为，由于
as…as possible 尽可能…
towel n. 毛巾
rule n. 规则
railway n. 铁路
burn n. 烧伤，烫伤，灼伤
daughter n. 女儿
granddaughter n. （外）孙女
son n. 儿子
grandson n. （外）孙子
board n. 木板
weekday n. 工作日
headache n. 头痛
toothache n. 牙痛
countryside n. 乡下，农村
housework n. 家务活
pancake n. 烙饼，薄饼
nearly adv. 几乎，将近
clear vt. 清除，清理
behind adv. 在后面
二、词汇大集合
1. wash away 冲走
2. be all wet 全湿了
3. start to rain 开始下雨
4. wake up 醒来
5. mop up the water 把水拖干净
6. crash into a tree 撞在树上
7. start big fire 引起大火
8. fall from the tree 从树上掉下来
9. a heavy storm with thunder and lightening 伴有雷电的大暴雨
10. catch fire 着火
11．in the early morning 在清晨
12．feel a slight shake 感觉到轻微的晃动
13．hear a loud noise like thunder 听到像雷声的噪音
14. start to shake 开始摇晃
15.scream in fear 恐惧地尖叫
16. run out of the building 跑出楼房
17.try my best to run out 尽我所能的跑出
18.begin to calm down 开始平静下来
19.say to oneself 自言自语
20. calm down 平静下来
21. silent silence silently 安静 寂静的
22. not at all 一点也不
23 find one’s way out 找到出路
24. hear about the fire 听说火灾
25. Was anyone hurt 有没有受伤？
26. fear v fearful fearless 害怕
27. direction n in all directions 方向 方位 四面八方
28.shout for help 大声呼救
29.pull oneself slowly through the dark 把自己从黑暗中拉出
30.try to find my way out 试着找到我的出路
31.hear some noise above me 听到我头顶上有噪音
32.hear shouts from excited people 听到兴奋人们的叫喊声
33.move away the bricks 移走砖头
34.see the bright daylight 看见明亮的日光
35.as …as possible 尽可能
36.cover your mouth and nose with the wet towel.用湿毛巾盖住你的嘴和鼻子
37.the building on fire 着火的房子
38.go to high ground 去高出
39.hide under strong desk 藏在坚硬的桌下
40.follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则
41.protect yourself from the thick smoke 保护自己免受浓烟
42. tell us to go home early 告诉我们早点回家
43. because of the heavy snow 因为大雪
44. ask me to go home 叫我回家
45. keep following around us 保持跟随在我们周围
46. hear the wind blowing 听到风吹
47. lose my umbrella in the wind 在风中弄丢了我的伞
48. walk slowly in the deep snow 在深雪中慢慢行走
49. arrive at the bus stop 到达汽车站
50. hear the noise of the traffic 听到交通的噪音
51. hit Beijing 袭击北京
三、句型大集合
1. I was sleeping when it started to rain. 我正在睡觉，突然下起雨来。
2. Didn’t you hear the rain 你没听到下雨吗？
3. Who will mop up the water if I go without you
你如果你不和我一起去的话，谁把水拖干净呢
4.I was sleeping when the earthquake started.地震开始的时候我在睡觉。
5.Outside, the people were running in all directions while pieces of glasses and bricks were falling down.
外面，碎玻璃和碎砖块纷纷掉落下来，人们四处逃散。
6.I could not see anything at all, and I didn’t know if anyone else was near me.
我根本看不见任何东西 也不知道是否有人在我附近。
7.A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.
我的脑海中滤过一阵恐惧，但我告诉自己要镇定下来，因为我仍然活着。
8.Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. 幸运的是，有足够的空间让我移动。
9.I was walking to the bus stop. 我走向公交车站。
10.Were you waiting for a taxi 你在等出租车吗？
11.He was ringing someone to come and help when you saw us.
你看见我们的时候他在打电话向人求助
12.When/while/As Millie was watching TV, Andy came into the room.
当Millie在看电视时，Andy 走进的房间。
13.Mille was watching TV when Andy came into the room. .
当Millie在看电视时，Andy 走进的房间。
14.When Simon arrived, Amy was getting some snow from the ground. Simon
到的时候 Amy从地面上拿了些雪。
15. People were trying to clear the snow from the streets.人们试图将街上的雪扫除。
16.What should we do when the earthquake happens 地震发生时我们应该做什么？
17.What should we do when there is a flood 发洪水时我们应该做什么？
18.what should we do if our building is on fire 我们得房子着火了我们应该做什么？
19. I share an umbrella while we were walking to the bus stop. 走向汽车站时我分享我的伞。
20. When we arrived at the bus stop, we saw many people waiting there.
当我们到达车站时，我们看见许多人在那里等待。
四、重点语法：
1. 过去进行时主要表示：
在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
（a） They were eating breakfast at 7:00 a.m.yesterday.
（b） I was writing a letter at this time yesterday.
（c） Five minutes ago, Danny was looking out of the window and Suzy was reading a book.
在过去某段时间一直在进行的动作
From 1983 to 1998, he was teaching at Yale.
They were building a dam last winter.
2. 过去进行时的句式
（1）基本结构：was / were + V-ing
（2）肯定句: 主语+was / were + V-ing
否定句：was / were not + V-ing
was not = wasn t
were not = weren t
（4）疑问句：将 was/were 调到主语前
（5）特殊疑问句：疑问词+was/were +主语 +V-ing…
当连接同时发生的两个延续性/长动作时，常用while引导。
e.g. While I was watching TV, he was listening to music.
Millie was reading a book while Eddie was sleeping.
如果短暂性的动作是主句时，我们可以用when, while 或as 引导。
e.g. When/while/as Millie was watching TV, Andy came into the room.
如果延续性的动作是主句时，我们经常用when 来连接。
e.g. Millie was watching TV when Andy came into the room.
如果两个短暂性的动作同时发生，我们通常用as 连接。
e.g. As Millie sat down on the sofa, Andy came into the room. 注：当一个短暂性动作发生的同时伴随着一个延续性的动作，这时我们通常用过去进行时来表示延续性的动作，用一般过去时来表示短暂性的动作。
例题精炼
一、单项选择
1．The snowstorm will hit my town this weekend. Be careful that your car may ________ .
A．calm down B．break down C．come down D．turn down
2．At noon, I took a photo of some swans while they ________ on the lake.
A．dance B．are dancing C．danced D．were dancing
3．—I am really ________ before the writing competition. I didn’t sleep well last night.
—Don’t worry. I am certain you are the best.
A．patient B．honest C．nervous D．humorous
4．Welcome to our hotel! I hope you’ll have a good time ________ your stay here.
A．after B．during C．with D．on
5．If you want to keep fit, eat more fruit and vegetables every day. Because they’re helpful to your _________.
A．mind B．health C．mood D．thought
6．To make her baby interested in having meals, the mother often cooks the food in the ________ of different animals.
A．heart B．mind C．fact D．shape
7．A car ________ happened last night and many people died in it.
A．accident B．activity C．earthquake
8．—Do you ________ asking Tom to watch the game show with us
—Of course not. The more students, the better.
A．hope B．mind C．decide D．expect
9．I often exercise at the park ________ the fresh air.
A．because of B．because C．so that D．before
10．Jack’s mother was so tired. She fell asleep ________ she lay down on the bed.
A．so that B．till C．as soon as D．since
11．— What were you doing when it ________to rain
— We ________in the field.
A．started; worked B．was starting; worked
C．was starting; were working D．started; were working
12．Sue is as _________ as her twin sister Susan. They both like making friends. And they are popular with everyone.
A．outgoing B．shy C．nervous D．quiet
13．—Mr. Hu, can you tell us how to learn swimming well
—Sure. But remember we can learn nothing well ________ hard work.
A．inside B．after C．under D．without
14．—You’d better not start your climb ________ you have a guide. It’s easy to get lost in the mountain.
—Thanks. I’ll go with my guide.
A．while B．unless C．after D．since
二、单词拼写
15．Our school team (打败) the team from No. 6 Middle School last Sunday.
16．After I finish my homework, I often help my mother do , such as sweeping the floor and washing dishes.
17．I’m going to invite Helen to our home for dinner tomorrow, if you don’t .
18．Look! The window is by someone. Let’s go and see what is happening.
19．While the lights (change) to red, a car suddenly appeared round the corner.
20． (千) of students are sitting on the playground to watch the basketball games.
21．All the people are running towards the same (方向) when hearing the news.
22．The policemen worked very hard to keep the important meeting (安全的).
23．My father is very serious. I f to talk to him when I was young.
24．—Did the firemen find anyone (live) in the earthquake
—Yes, they did.
25．We shouldn’t talk l (大声地) in public places.
26．Listening to light music makes it easier for me to fall a at night.
27．The change in the taste of the dish may be too (轻微), so nobody notice it.
三、短文填空
根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Earthquakes are hard to predict, but do you know what to do before, during and after an earthquake Here’s some 28 (建议)：
Before an earthquake It’s necessary to 29 (准备) yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and power and know useful telephone n 30 (119, 110, 120, 122, etc.).
During an earthquake It’s important for each of you to stay 31 (镇静的). If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong table. The purpose is to p 32 yourself from falling things, stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy furniture and soon. If you’re cooking, turn off the gas. If you are o 33 , move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings, bridges and trees. If you are d 34 , stop the car as soon as possible, staying away from bridges and tall buildings. Stay in your car.
After an earthquake 35 (一旦) the shaking has stopped. DO NOT run out of the building at once. It’s better to wait and leave when it’s safe. 36 (检查) around you and help the people who are in trouble. If your building is badly broken, leave it. If you s 37 gas, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas (煤气) . Report it to the gas company.
四、选词填空
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次。每空限填一词。）
help they work usual be teach if two building know
People think earthquakes are terrible. No one 38 when an earthquake will happen. But we can do something 39 to protect ourselves.
First, governments should 40 people about what earthquakes are and where earthquakes easily happen in the country. Then people can know more about earthquakes.
Governments should also make sure that some places like fire stations, police stations and hospitals are 41 well when emergencies (突发情况) happen.
42 , when an earthquake happens, people should try to move into the open places. Try to stay away from things like 43 , trees and so on. Go out of the building quickly 44 possible, because the building may fall down.
At last, there are 45 some aftershocks (余震) after a main earthquake. Try to be careful and pay attention to 46 .
In a word, don’t 47 afraid of earthquakes. Try to protect yourselves well when the earthquake comes.
五、补全对话
根据对话内容，从所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使对话内容完整。有两项为多余选项。
A: Hi, Jim. You look worried. 48
B: An earthquake happened in my home town. I’m worrying about my grandparents.
A: 49 Was it serious
B: No, my grandparents are OK, but their house fell down.
A: What about other people there
B: Many people lost their houses and they had no places to live. Let’s do something to help them.
A: 50
B: Let’s raise some money for them.
A: 51 We are still students and we don’t have money.
B: How about selling newspapers after school
A: Good idea. 52
B: Not too much. We can search for something about it on the Internet.
A: OK, let’s begin.
A．What can we do to help them
B．Be brave and calm.
C．Sorry to hear that.
D．What’s wrong with you
E．But how can we do that
F．It’s dangerous to stand under the buildings.
G．By the way, do you know what to do during an earthquake
六、阅读理解
Usually before an earthquake happens, people don’t know it is on the way. And these earthquakes are very dangerous. In fact, earthquakes kill more people than snowstorms and rainstorms every year. So scientists are always looking for ways to predict earthquakes.
Now they can predict the earthquake, but it is not always right every time. And scientist can say that an earthquake is possible to happen in some place, but they can’t predict the right place or time. And they can not tell how strong the earthquake will be.
How do scientists make these guesses First, scientists make sure which place the big earthquake will strike by studying the earth plates (板块). Second, to help predict earthquakes, scientists study history of the areas where earthquakes happened. Studying the history can also help in another way. Scientists can guess how often an earthquake may happen in this area. Last, scientists watch rocks under the surface for months. When rocks break, earthquakes happen. And scientists also watch the water level to predict an earthquake.
Scientists hope that one day we can have earthquake warnings.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
53．Which of the following kills the most people every year
A．Snowstorms. B．Rainstorms. C．Earthquakes. D．Animals
54．What can scientists guess about earthquake now
A．An earthquake may happen in some place. B．An earthquake happens in the right place.
C．An earthquake happens at the right time. D．An earthquake warning.
55．What does the underlined word “predict” mean in Chinese in the passage
A．降低 B．预测 C．防止 D．制止
56．What happens to rocks under the surface when earthquakes happen
A．Rocks under the surface change. B．Rocks under the surface move.
C．Rocks under the surface break. D．Rocks under the surface shake.
57．What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A．Studying the history of areas can’t help scientists to predict the earthquake.
B．Scientists can know earthquakes by watching the rocks on the earth.
C．Scientists can’t predict an earthquake by watching the water level.
D．Now sometimes scientists can’t tell people the right information about the earthquakes.
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参考答案：
1．B
2．D
3．C
4．B
5．B
6．D
7．A
8．B
9．A
10．C
11．D
12．A
13．D
14．B
15．beat
16．housework/chores
17．mind
18．broken
19．were changing
20．Thousands
21．direction
22．safe
23．(f)eared
24．alive
25．(l)oudly
26．(a)sleep
27．slight
28．advice/suggestions 29．prepare 30．(n)umbers 31．calm 32．(p)rotect 33．(o)utside 34．(d)riving 35．Once 36．Check 37．(s)mell
38．knows 39．helpful 40．teach 41．working 42．Second 43．buildings 44．if 45．usually 46．them 47．be
48．D 49．C 50．A 51．E 52．G
53．C 54．A 55．B 56．C 57．D
答案第1页，共2页
答案第1页，共2页