专题 08 动词不定式【弯道超车】暑假新八年级英语 语法知识点讲解+例题精炼（牛津译林版）含答案

专题 08 动词不定式
知识点讲解
动词不定式
1．形式
不定式是一种非谓语动词，它不能在句中单独作谓语，不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。但它仍保留动词的某些性质，如：可以有自己的宾语、状语等。不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，此处to不是介词，而是不定式的标志。不定式连同它的宾语、状语等一起构成动词不定式短语。
2．作用：动词不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词的功能，可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
①作主语。
例：To learn English well is very important for us
注意：对上例又可改写成(主要避免头重脚轻!)，
②作宾语
③作宾语补足语
注意：动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not。
注意：动词不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语时必须省略to。这些动词有：hear, listen to, watch, look at, see, notice, feel, make(have), let, help等。（二听，四看，一感觉，一使，一让，一帮助），动词不定式用来表示宾补表示的动作。
例：I often hear him sing in his room．
注意：动名词也可作上述动词的宾语补足语，它们主要用来强调宾语动作所处的状态。
例：Listen! Can you hear Kate singing in her room
④作定语。
动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例：He is always the first one to get up.
⑤作状语
例：He came to see me yesterday. （目的）
3．“特殊疑问词+不定式结构”
不定式前有时可加上疑问词how, when, where, what, which等。这种结构具有名词的功能，在句中主要用作动词或介词的宾语，有时也可作主语、表语。它们常用在动词tell, teach, know, learn, show, find out, ask, understand等后。
例：My teacher is teaching me how to work that problem out．
He asked me when to start.
例题精炼
一、单项选择
1．There are some robots ________ over there. They are fun ________.
A．working; watching B．to work; witching C．working; to watch D．to work; to watch
2．The traffic is heavy in the street. You’d better advise the children ________ football there.
A．not to play B．to play C．not play D．don’t play
3．If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, “My dear, it must be terrible______!”
A．grown up B．being grown up C．be grown up D．to be grown up
4．The little girl has few friends, so she doesn’t know ________ about the problem.
A．who to talk to B．when to talk C．how to talk D．where to talk
5．—Why do you like wearing dark-colored clothes
—Because these colors make me ________.
A．look fat B．look slim
C．to look slim D．to look fat
6．—Tom, it is wrong ________ your homework by yourself. Copying makes one lazy and stupid.
— Sorry, I won’t.
A．to do B．don’t do C．not do D．not to do
7．How nice the ice cream looks! I can’t wait ______ it.
A．taste B．tasting C．to taste D．tasted
8．—On National Day, the most important thing for me is ________ the five-star red flag go up on Tian’anmen Square.
—Me, too. It’s really excited to do so.
A．to watch B．watch C．watches
9．Bob made a decision ________ his mother with housework every Sunday.
A．help B．helped C．to help D．helping
10．The boy is often made ________ his homework again because of his mistakes.
A．do B．doing C．to do
11．—I tried to make Cindy ________, but I didn’t make it.
—Oh, I saw you ________ that when I came here.
A．laugh; to do B．laugh; doing C．to laugh; to do D．laughing; doing
12．______ our city beautiful, the cleaners start to work very early every morning.
A．Make B．Makes C．To make D．Making
13．She is glad ______ here.
A．being B．be C．to be D．not be
14．Mom, I am old enough ________ good care of myself now.
A．to take B．take C．taken D．taking
15．This machine is very easy ________. Hundreds of workers ________ for this in the past two months.
A．to operate; have been trained B．to operate; were trained
C．to be operated; have been trained D．to be operated; were trained
16．We are due ________ a class party next weekend.
A．have B．had
C．to have D．to having
二、单词拼写
17．Are you free (take) dancing lessons this Sunday
18．Henry got up at 6:00 a.m. and tried (not miss) the early bus.
19．Your hair is too long. It needs (cut).
20．Have you decided which dress (wear) for your birthday party next week
21．You can often hear people (say) “Thank you.” in this country.
22．It’s foolish of people to d forests and natural environment.
23．There is much time left. You don’t need to r .
24．My duty is (clean) the blackboard.
25．I think the best way (relax) is to listen to music.
26．The governments of Russia and Ukraine were made ([ k'sple n]) why the dam (大坝) was attacked.
27．Mr. Chen often tells funny jokes to make us (发笑).
28．They built the green wall to (try not to do something) soil being washed away.
29．Tom is sad to p (分离) with his best friend.
30．— Our teacher is patient enough to (解释) the sentence to us again and again.
— Yes, it’s lucky for us to be her students.
31．This kind of robot will also be fun (watch).
三、完成句子
32．对于我们来说，最重要的事情是努力学习。
For us, the most important thing is .
33．尽量别弄湿了鞋子。
Try get your shoes wet.
34．他向我展示如何使用这款新手机。
He showed me use the new mobile phone.
35．When I read interesting books, I often feel happy.
Reading interesting books often me .
36．你同意和我们交谈真是太好了。
It’s really nice of you talk to us.
37．Smith 先生教育我尽我最大的努力去实现我的梦想。
Mr. Smith teaches me to my best to my dream.
38．自然资源并不是用之不竭的，最好的解决方式是避免使用一次性产品。
Natural resources will . The best solution is to single-use products.
39．这项活动给了年轻人一个更多了解不同文化的机会。
The activity has given different cultures.
40．有一天，王子邀请全国人民参加舞会，以寻找他未来的王后，但灰姑娘的继母不允许她参加。
One day, the prince invited the country to a dance party to find his future , but Cinderella was not attend by her stepmother.
41．科学家为了某一天能送宇航员去火星正努力工作。
Scientists are working hard send astronauts to Mars one day.
42．她很开心收到我的来信。 (hear)
She is happy to me.
43．这个学生足够仔细，避免了这些错误。
The student is .
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参考答案：
1．C
2．A
3．D
4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
8．A
9．C
10．C
11．B
12．C
13．C
14．A
15．A
16．C
17．to take
18．not to miss
19．cutting/to be cut
20．to wear
21．say
22．(d)estroy
23．(r)ush
24．to clean
25．to relax
26．to explain
27．laugh
28．avoid
29．part
30．explain
31．to watch
32． to study hard
33． not to
34． how to
35． makes feel happy
36． to agree to
37． try/do achieve/realize
38． run out avoid using
39．young people a chance to know more about/young people a chance to learn more about
40． whole queen allowed to
41．in order to
42．hear from
43．careful enough to avoid these mistakes
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