谓语动词时态
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点 题型 谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致
语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
2024 2024·新课标I卷 ____60_walks___ (walk) 一般现在时与主谓一致
2024·新课标II卷 ___38_were_(be);___41_be built__ (build) 一般过去时与主谓一致； 被动语态
2024·全国乙卷 __44_were__ (be) 一般过去时与主谓一致
2024·全国甲卷
2024·年浙江1月 ____42_have started___ (start) 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023 2023·新课标I卷 /
2023·新课标II卷 I ___65_ wished__ (wish) 一般过去时
2023·全国乙卷 was amazed;means; 一般过去时与主谓一致，一般现在时与主谓一致
2023·全国甲卷 /
2023·年北京卷 would throw 13. had arrived has established 一般将来时； 过去完成时； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023·年浙江1月 featured 一般过去时
2022 2022·新课标I卷 were; is designed 一般过去时与主谓一致；一般现在时表达语态与主谓一致
2022·新课标II卷 was fixing 43. threw 过去进行时与主谓一致；一般过去时
2022·全国乙卷 addressed 一般过去时
2022·全国甲卷 has walked 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年北京卷 caught; has; has increased 一般过去时； 一般现在时与主谓一致； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年浙江1月 is viewed或has been viewed are；have promised 一般现在时被动语态与主谓一致； 主谓一致； 现在完成时被动语态与主谓一致
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年新高考卷对于谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致的考查共计24次， 是考查的热点和重点，谓语动词时态主要考查：
1． 一般现在时的意义和构成；
2． 现在完成时的意义和构成；
3． 一般过去时的意义和构成；
4．过去进行时的意义和构成；
5. 过去完成时的意义和构成；
6. 将来进行时的意义和构成。
【备考策略】
系了解并能正确运用必考的10种时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时）；
2. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态；
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
【命题预测】
预计2025年时态仍将是高考的重点难点和热点，时态的考查仍然以最基本的时态（一般现在时，一般过去时、现在完成时）为主，但是也会兼顾其他语法内容的考查。
必备基础知识：
考点一 一般体
一、 一般现在时
一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat→eats; rise→rises
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses;teach→teaches
以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词 变-y为-ies carry→carries; fly→flies
2）一般选择时的用法
1. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday，once a week等表示频率的时间状语连用。
He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。
My mother works at the same company as my father.
我的母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。
We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。
2. 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any.
史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。
Mary speaks both English and French very well.
玛丽英语和法语都说得很好。
4. 表示按照时刻表或者时间表安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。
Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。
5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。
I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。
注意：
if 条件状语从句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
如果你愿意接受我的邀请来参加我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴。
一般现在时用法口诀 用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。 基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。 客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。 谓语若为行为动，形式还要主语定。 主语人称是三单，动词要把-s/-es添。 句中若把助动用，谓语动词用原形。
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61__the__ first time.
60.【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
1.【2024届广东省广州市天河区高三下学期三模】Within this group, there is a tag called”20 minutes for parks”, which 6 (come) from a theory originating from the International Journal of Environmental Health Research.
【答案】comes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在这一群体中，有一种说法叫做“公园20分钟”，它来自《国际环境
健康研究杂志》的一个理论。come作which引导的定语从句的谓语动词，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，which指代tag，是单数，谓语动词用单数。故填comes。
2.【河南省部分重点高中2023-2024学年高三下学期5月联考】 Guessing lantern riddles is an activity that 31 (date) back at least as far as the Southern Song Dynasty, 32when scholars wrote riddles on small slips of paper and 33 (hang) them from lanterns for festival attendees to guess.
31．【答案】dates
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致 。句意：猜灯谜是一项至少可以追溯到南宋时期的活动，当时学者们将谜语写在小纸片上，挂在灯笼上供节日参与者猜测。描述事物的一般情况，句子应用一般现在时，空前that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词activity，在从句中作主语，activity为单数名词，空处应用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
33．【答案】hung
【解析】考查时态。句意：猜灯谜是一项至少可以追溯到南宋时期的活动，当时学者们将谜语写在小纸片上，挂在灯笼上供节日参与者猜测。空处应与wrote并列在定语从句中作谓语，故应用动词的过去式形式。故填hung。
二、 一般过去时
1）一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,其动词规则变化如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed play→ played; discuss→discussed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked
2) 一般过去时的用法
1. 表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。
It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作业真是很糟糕。
He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。
2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫妇访问期间，不论走到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。
3. 用于固定句型中。
It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。
5. 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨，他就不去。
6. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示＂本来认为＂。
I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。
常见考法：
1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来；
2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况；
3. as if /as though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。
【误区提醒】
时间和条件状语从句中用错时态；没时间状语时习惯用一般现在时。
一般过去时用法口诀 动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。 句中动词用过去式，过去时间作标记。 否定句，很简单，谓语动词前didn’t添。 疑问构成也有法，主语前面Did加。 还有一点不能忘，后面动词要还原。
1.（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】means
【解析】考查动词时态及主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语,本句阐述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且句子主语the remarkable development of this city为第三人称单数,故本空应填means。
2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）As a little girl,I 65. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。
1.【2024届湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期五月模拟】90 percent of the world’s fireworks are produced in China. The biggest importer is the US, which 11 (ship) in more than US $650 million worth in 2021.
【答案】shipped
【解析】考查时态。句意：最大的进口国是美国，2021年的进口额超过6.5亿美元。根据句中的“in 2021”可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，which指代先行词the US，与ship之间是主动关系，用过去式即可。故填shipped。
2【2024届炎德英才联考湖南省雅礼中学模拟】Singer 2024, a show which brings together a constellation (一群) of gifted singers from 31 domestic and international backgrounds to engage in a series of excellent performances, 32 (kick) off on May 10, 2024.
31.【答案】both
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：《歌手2024》于2024年5月10日拉开帷幕，汇集了一批来自国内外的天才歌手，他们将进行一系列精彩的表演。此处表示来自国内及国外的有天赋的歌手。短语both…and…，意为“两者都……”，符合句意。故填both。
32.【答案】kicked
【解析】考查时态。句意：同上。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语on May 10, 2024，可知描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填kicked。
三、 一般将来时
1.shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening 今晚七点回家好吗？
2.be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划或安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3.be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4.be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5.一般现在时表将来。
a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
—When does the bus star 汽车什么时候开？
—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。
b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
c. 在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
6.用现在进行时表示将来。
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week 你会在这儿待到下周吗？
【易混辨析】
be going to 用于条件句时，be going to表将来 If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible.
will 用于条件句时，will表意愿 Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 如果你脱掉衣服，我们将在镜子前为你穿上新的衣服。
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划 I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
四 、 一般过去将来时
1. 过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
2. 过去将来时的结构
（1） would + 动词原形
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本学期赶上其他同学。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你请李雷帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。
（2）was / were going to + 动词原形
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要派我去火车站接她。
（3）was / were to + 动词原形。
The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑该在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了。
（4）was / were about to + 动词原形。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响了。
（5）was / were +现在分词。
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。
3. 过去将来时的用法
（1）过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们待在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。
（2）过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。
If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
【归纳拓展】
was / were going to + 动词原形，was / were to + 动词原形，was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。
The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。
五、 动词的时态一致原则
(一)主句和名词性从句时态一致原则
下面我们以宾语从句为例说明主句和名词性从句时态呼应的基本规律:
1.主句是现在时或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。如:
The woman tells me that she is/was/will be a nurse.
2.主句是过去时态时,从句的时态有下面几种情况:
(1)从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:
I thought he worked very hard.我认为他工作很努力。
The actor said he was living in Beijing.
这位男演员说他住在北京。
(2)如果从句有具体的过去时间点,尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前,有时仍用一般过去时。如:
She told me her brother died in 1960.
她告诉我她哥哥是1960年去世的。
(3)从句说的是一般真理或客观事实时,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us that the earth is round.
老师告诉我们地球是圆的。
(4)从句动作发生在主句动作之后时,从句须用过去将来时。如:
I knew where Tom would celebrate his birthday.
我知道汤姆将在哪里庆祝生日。
(5)从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,从句须用过去完成时。
(二)主句与状语从句时态一致原则
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,则从句往往用一般现在时表将来;若主句为过去时,则从句也用相对应的过去时。如:
You’ll make progress if you keep working hard.
如果你继续努力,你就会取得进步。
He told us that he wouldn’t give up until he succeeded.
他告诉我们在成功之前他决不放弃。
(三)主句与定语从句时态一致原则
定语从句的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。如:
That is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow.
那就是明天要给我们做报告的那个人。
That was the person who would give us a lecture the next day.
那就是第二天要给我们做报告的那个人。
【2023年北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time.
【答案】would throw
【详解】考查时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。
【答案】exactly
【详解】考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。修饰介词短语on time应用副词exactly，故填exactly。
1.【2024届炎德英才联考湖南省雅礼中学模拟】With a mission 34 (cultivate) China’s premier music landscape, besides the first show, Singer 2024 promises audiences another 11 live shows that 35 (broadcast) in real time throughout the season.
34．【答案】to cultivate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了打造中国一流的音乐景观，除了第一场演出，《歌手2024》还向观众承诺，在整个演出季中，还将有11场现场直播。此处是with的复合结构，cultivate表示将来的动作，故用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to cultivate。
35．【答案】will be broadcast
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：同上。设空处为从句谓语，表示将来的事情，用一般将来时，主语that指代another 11 live shows，和谓语之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故填will be broadcast。
2.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts________ (pay) off in the end.
【答案】will pay
【详解】考查时态。意:学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会得到回报的。由in te end可知，句子表示“他们的努力最终会得到回报的”，空格处用一般将来时表将来的事情，因此空格处是willpay。故填will
pay。
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2024届河南省三门峡部分名校高三下学期模拟考试】The Lepcha people are a minority group living in parts of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. They have a rich and unique culture, and one less-known aspect of their customs 1 (be) their music and dance traditions.
1．考查时态。句意：他们拥有丰富而独特的文化，而他们的习俗中鲜为人知的一个方面是他们的音乐和舞蹈传统。根据上文have可知为一般现在时，主语为one less-known aspect，谓语用单数。故填is。
2.【安徽省蚌埠市皖北私立联考2023-2024学年高三下学期期中】As a traditional Chinese holiday, the Spring Festival 15 （characterize） by family reunions and wishes for prosperity in the upcoming year.
15．考查短语和时态。句意：作为中国的传统节日，春节的特点是家庭团聚，并祝愿来年繁荣昌盛。be characteriz/sed by“以……为特点”为固定短语，陈述事实，为一般现在时。 故填is characterized/is characterised。
3.【2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三下学期二模考试】Creating buildings such as these 30 (enable) us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
30．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：建造这样的建筑使我们能够与环境更加和谐地生活。根据句意，这里陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。空处作本句的谓语，主语为前面的动名词短语Creating...，谓语应用单数。故填enables。
4.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】A plush toy named “Happy Loong” has recently captured the hearts of visitors to the Gansu Provincial Museum in northwest China.
Modeled after 41 Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) gold decoration in the shape of a loong or Chinese dragon, over 1,000 of these chubby and grinning loong toys were sold in the first week after they 42 (appear) earlier this year.
41．考查冠词。句意：这种玩具以明朝（1368-1644 年）的龙形金饰为原型，在今年早些时候面世后的第一周就售出了 1000 多件胖乎乎、咧嘴笑的龙形玩具。分析句子可知，这里表示泛指明代的一个龙形的金饰品，使用不定冠词a。故填a。
42．考查动词时态。句意：这种玩具以明朝（1368-1644 年）的龙形金饰为原型，在今年早些时候面世后的第一周就售出了 1000 多件胖乎乎、咧嘴笑的龙形玩具。分析句子可知，主句使用一般过去时，从句中时间状语为earlier this year，因此从句也应使用一般过去时。故填appeared。
4.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】Looking ahead, the museum souvenir market in China
50 (expect) to continue growing.
50．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：展望未来，中国博物馆纪念品市场有望继续增长。分析句子可知，句子主语the museum souvenir market与expect之间为被动关系，且句中缺少谓语动词，因此这里使用谓语动词的被动形式，且主语是单数，根据主谓一致原则，这里使用is expected。故填is expected。
6.【2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试】Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which 3 (make) of Chinese cabbage, is a traditional specialty of the northeastern region and is now sold around the country 4 exported overseas.
3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国酸菜是一种由白菜制成的泡菜，是东北地区的传统特产，现在销往全国各地并出口到海外。make(制作)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词a pickle)之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is made。
4．考查连词。句意：中国酸菜是一种由白菜制成的泡菜，是东北地区的传统特产，现在销往全国各地并出口到海外。exported和sold之间是并列谓语动词，用连词and连接。故填and。
7.【2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模】Chinese acrobatic (杂技) dates back to the Neolithic, when ancient people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration. The use of daily items such as tables, chairs, bowls and plates 1 (be) common in their performances. 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在他们的表演中，使用桌子、椅子、碗和盘子等日常用品是很常见的。根据前文“when ancient people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration”和句意可知，句子使用一般过去时，主语为The use，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was。
8.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】This 1 (mark) the debut solo (首次个人) exhibition in Los Angeles for the 2 (high) recognized multitalented artist, musician, writer, and actress.
1．考查动词时态。句意：这是这位多才多艺的艺术家、音乐家、作家和女演员在洛杉矶的首次个展。空格处作谓语，根据上文时态可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填marked。
2．考查副词。句意：这是这位多才多艺的艺术家、音乐家、作家和女演员在洛杉矶的首次个展。空格处修饰动词recognized，应用副词形式。故填highly。
9.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】At the heart of the exhibition, Girl on a Swing 5 (surround) by block-color paintings and a recreated grassy area, reflecting the artist’s inner world with colors of golden cornfields, shining sun, and expansive greenery spreading out.
5．考查动词时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在展览的中心，Girl on a Swing被色块画和重建的草地包围着，用金色的玉米地、灿烂的阳光和广阔的绿色植物的颜色反映了艺术家的内心世界。空格处作谓语，主语Girl on a Swing为第三人称单数，且根据句意为一般过去时，主语和动词surround之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was surrounded。
10.【2024届四川省攀枝花市高三下学期第三次统一考试】AI is causing huge challenges to exam 6 (equal). It is the biggest destructor since calculators 7 (allow) into math tests several years ago.
6．考查名词。句意：人工智能正在给考试公平带来巨大挑战。作宾语，应用名词equality，不可数。故填
equality。
7．考查时态语态。句意：这是自几年前计算器被允许进入数学考试以来最大的破坏者。主语calculators与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文several years ago可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were allowed。
11.【2024届四川省眉山市仁寿县四川省仁寿第一中学校模拟】The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which 5 (contain) desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out 6 the reentry module might land.
5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里，包括沙漠、盐滩以及使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。contain意为“包括”，句子描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，which引导的非限制性定语从句中，先行词为The Dongfeng Landing Site，引导词which代替先行词作主语，为第三人称单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填contains。
6．考查宾语从句。句意：东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里，包括沙漠、盐滩以及使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导。故填where。
12.【2024届四川省眉山市仁寿县四川省仁寿第一中学校模拟】The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which 5 (contain) desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out 6 the reentry module might land.
5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里，包括沙漠、盐滩以及使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。contain意为“包括”，句子描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，which引导的非限制性定语从句中，先行词为The Dongfeng Landing Site，引导词which代替先行词作主语，为第三人称单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填contains。
6．考查宾语从句。句意：东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里，包括沙漠、盐滩以及使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导。故填where。
13.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】Zou 28 (recall)that, when she was little, her grandmother was busy every day, making wedding clothes and quilts for granddaughters.
28．考查动词时态。句意：邹女士回忆说，小时候，奶奶每天都很忙碌，给孙女们做嫁衣、做被子。此处描述现在的事情用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语也用单数。故填recalls。
14.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】At the age of 6, she started to help her mother to make Su embroidery items, all of which 29 (sell)to support the family.
29．考查动词时态语态。句意：16岁起，她就开始帮助母亲制作苏绣品，靠卖苏绣品来维持一家人的生计。此处为一般过去时，items和sell是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语也用复数。故填were sold。
15，【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】On Thursday, the National Cultural Heritage Administration in Beijing 31 (reveal) that archaeologists had discovered two sunken ships in the depths of the South China
Sea.
31．考查动词时态。句意：周四，位于北京的国家文物局透露，考古学家在南中国海深处发现了两艘沉船。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中on Thursday以及句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事实，故使用一般过去时。故填revealed。
16.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics 36 (determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving manned submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong, 37 researcher at the National Center for Archaeology.
36．考查动词时态和语态。句意：据国家考古中心研究员宋建忠证实，沉船和相关文物的精确位置是通过使用海洋学技术和水下调查确定的，其中包括载人潜水器，全年进行了41次潜水。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics与determine之间是被动关系，同时句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were determined。
37．考查冠词。句意：同上。句中researcher为可数名词，设空处应该使用冠词，此处表示泛指，且researcher首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
17.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】The excavations in 2022 43 (unearth) remains of grains, sacrificial buildings and a large settlement, revealing an agricultural society that ate grains.
43．考查时态。句意：2022年的发掘出土了谷物遗迹、祭祀建筑和一个大型定居点，揭示了一个以谷物为食的农业社会。空处作句子的谓语，结合“in 2022”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填unearthed。
18.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】Before the new discovery, the fishing and hunting 45 (know) to be main activities in Hongshan ancestors’ life.
45．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在新发现之前，捕鱼和狩猎是红山祖先生活的主要活动。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Before the new discovery”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，know和主语the fishing and hunting之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were known。
19.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】Mid-Autumn Festival and Lunar New Year are as important to them in Australia as they 4 (be) in China, and will continue to be so.
4．考查时态。句意：中秋节和农历新年对他们来说在澳大利亚和在中国一样重要，并且将继续如此。设空处为谓语，此处指他们以前在国内的时候，应用一般过去时。故填were。
20.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Huang Danian, a noted Chinese geophysicist (物理学), 1 (devote) himself to science and made great contributions to China’s deep earth exploration.
1．考查动词时态。句意：黄大年是中国著名的地球物理学家，他致力于科学，为中国的深地探测做出了巨大贡献。空处和made为并列谓语，使用一般过去时。故填devoted。
21.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Upon return, Huang 8 (appoint) chief scientist of China’s biggest deep earth exploration program.
8．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：回国后，黄被任命为中国最大的深地探测项目的首席科学家。陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时，Huang和appoint为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为Huang，be动词用was。故填was appointed。
22.【2024届江西省景德镇市高三下学期第三次质量检测】This type of embroidery 13 (feature) a bold use of brilliant colors.Chen Yunzhen, from Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County in Sichuan Province, is a master of Qiang embroidery.
13．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种刺绣的特点是大胆地使用鲜艳的颜色。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语 This type of embroidery 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 features。
23.【2024届福建省南平市建阳区福建省南平市建阳区高三预测绝密卷模拟】Beneath an orange tent along East 32nd Street Saturday morning, warmly dressed locals 21 (deliver) pies, filled with everything from nuts to apples and cheese, to be judged in the first-ever Great Waverly Pie Contest.
21．考查时态。句意：周六上午，在东32街的一个橙色帐篷下，穿着温暖的当地人送来了馅饼，里面装满了坚果、苹果和奶酪等各种各样的东西，这些馅饼将在首届“伟大的韦弗利馅饼大赛”上接受评判。结合语境发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填delivered。
24.【2024届福建省南平市建阳区福建省南平市建阳区高三预测绝密卷模拟】“I 25 (live) in Maryland for four years when I was young. So I wanted to combine my past, 26 is my filling, with my present home,” Houston said.
25．考查时态。句意：我年轻的时候在马里兰州住了四年。根据后文when I was young.可知为一般过去时。故填lived。
26．考查定语从句。句意：“所以我想把我的过去和我现在的家结合起来，”休斯顿说。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词past，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
25.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Cleaning must be done before the holiday, 46 (typical) in January or February, since sweeping after the festivities 47 (see) as removing good luck.
46．考查副词。句意：大扫除必须在节前完成，通常是在1月或2月，因为在庆祝活动结束后大扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为副词作状语修饰介词短语，typical的副词为typically意为“通常”符合句意。故填typically。
47．考查谓语动词。句意：大扫除必须在节前完成，通常是在1月或2月，因为在庆祝活动结束后大扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处讲述的是经常性发生的动作，所以此处使用一般现在时，see与主语sweeping after the festivities之间为被动关系，用被动语态，且主语为动名词短语，所以谓语动词应为单数。故填is seen。
26.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“The club have told us they will appeal against the ban on European football and that they’re almost 100 per cent sure they are right,” De Bruyne 51 (tell) Belgian paper Het Laatste Nieuws.
51．考查时态。句意：“俱乐部已经告诉我们，他们将对欧洲足球的禁令提出上诉，他们几乎百分之百确定他们是正确的，”德布劳内告诉比利时报纸《最新新闻》。结合语境可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。
故填told。
27.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“I’m just waiting. I trust my team. Once the decision 52 (make), I will review everything. Two years would be long, in the case of one year I might see.
52．考查时态语态。句意：一旦做出决定，我会重新审视一切。主语decision与谓语构成被动关系，且主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is made。
28.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】Guardiola is expected to leave when his current City deal 56 (end) next year but De Bruyne does not see that as a reason to move on himself.
56．考查时态。句意：瓜迪奥拉预计将在明年与曼城的合同到期后离开，但德布鲁因并不认为这是他离开的理由。从句陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为his current City deal，谓语用三单形式。故填ends。
29.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】This is obvious 59 Man City lost the two Premier League matches which De Bruyne didn’t participate in, scoring none, and it 60 (be) De Bruyne himself contributing a whole lot to save Man City from being slashed by Real Madrid.
59．考查表语从句。句意：这是显而易见的，因为曼城输掉了德布鲁因没有参加的两场英超比赛，一球未进，而正是德布鲁因自己为拯救曼城而做出了很大的贡献。引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，用because。故填because。
60．考查时态。句意：这是显而易见的，因为曼城输掉了德布鲁因没有参加的两场英超比赛，一球未进，而正是德布鲁因自己为拯救曼城而做出了很大的贡献。根据上文didn’t可知，为一般过去时，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填was。
30.【2024届山东省日照市高三下学期二模】Volha Halpyarovich, from Belarus, 1 (experience) the healing power of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a child.
1．考查时态。句意：来自白俄罗斯的Volha Halpyarovich从小就体验到了中医的治愈力量。根据“as a child”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填experienced。
31.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Dazhai, a village 1 (surround) by mountains on all sides in Guangxi's Longsheng autonomous county of various ethnic groups, which boasts around 66 square kilometers of terraced (梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated for around 2,300 years, 2 (attract) tens of thousands of visitors every year.
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：大寨，广西龙胜各族自治县的一个四面环山的村庄，拥有约66万平方公里的梯田，种植了约2300年，每年吸引着数以万计的游客。此处作定语，修饰名词village，village与surround之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填surrounded。
2．考查时态。句意：同上。此处作谓语动词，主语为a village，为单数，主语a village与attract之间为主动关系，且此处时间状语为every year，故应用一般现在时，故填attracts。
（2024·广东·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A group of Chinese researchers issued a data map of the soil organic carbon (SOC) content for global black
soil areas, 11 (reveal) the quantification of agroecosystems and global food security, according to the recent issue of the journal Remote Sensing of Environment.
Research has shown that carbon cycle is 12 (significant) influenced by agricultural soils. The accuracy mapping of SOC content can help to clarify the carbon sequestration capacity (碳汇能力), quantify agroecosystem and contribute 13 global food security. But it is still challenging to acquire 14 (rely) SOC content databasets.
The study 15 (publish) in the journal was done by researchers from the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. According to the journal, the researchers 16 (collect) more than 191,000 scenes of remote sensing images and elevation model data, and used meta-learning convolutional neural network model 17 (generate) high-resolution data map for global black soil regions.
The data in the study indicates that the SOC content in the global black soil regions shows a decreasung trend, which can be divided into the significant decrease phase from 1984 to 2000, 18 the moderate decrease phase from 2001 to 2021.
The result from the study also shows that the four major black soil 19 (region) in the world have different rates of SOC decline. The SOC decline rates of the Russian-Ukrainian Plain and the Pampas Plain of South America are higher than 20 of the northeast China and the Mississippi River Basin in North America.
【答案】11．revealing 12．significantly 13．to 14．reliable 15．published 16．collected 17．to generate 18．and 19．regions 20．those
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了我国科研人员完成了全球黑土区域土壤有机碳（SOC）制图，精确绘制了土壤有机碳含量地图，这有利于明确每个区域的固碳能力，促进农业生态系统的量化，保障全球粮食安全。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：据最新一期的《环境遥感》杂志报道，一组中国研究人员发布了一份全球黑土地区土壤有机碳(SOC)含量数据图，揭示了农业生态系统和全球粮食安全的量化。空处需填非谓语动词作伴随状语，reveal和a data map为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填revealing。
12．考查副词。句意：研究表明，碳循环受到农业土壤的显著影响。修饰动词influenced需用副词significantly，作状语。故填significantly。
13．考查介词。句意：准确绘制土壤有机碳含量图谱有助于明确固碳能力，量化农业生态系统，促进全球粮食安全。contribute to为固定搭配，意为“促进，有助于”。故填to。
14．考查形容词。句意：但是获取可靠的SOC内容数据库仍然具有挑战性。此处需要形容词reliable，作定语来修饰名词databasets。故填reliable。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：发表在该杂志上的这项研究是由中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所的研究人员完成的。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，publish和the study为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填published。
16．考查动词时态。句意：据该杂志报道，研究人员收集了19.1万多个场景的遥感图像和高程模型数据，并使用元学习卷积神经网络模型生成了全球黑土地区的高分辨率数据地图。空处和used并列，需用一般过
去时。故填collected。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“使用某物做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to generate。
18．考查连词。句意：研究数据表明，全球黑土区有机碳含量呈下降趋势，可分为1984 ~ 2000年显著下降阶段和2001 ~ 2021年适度下降阶段。the significant decrease phase from 1984 to 2000和the moderate decrease phase from 2001 to 2021.为并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。
19．考查名词。句意：研究结果还表明，世界上4个主要黑土区土壤有机碳下降速率不同。four修饰可数名词复数形式。故填regions。
20．考查代词。句意：俄罗斯-乌克兰平原和南美潘帕斯平原的有机碳下降速率高于中国东北和北美密西西比河流域。those常用在比较结构中，指代前面的复数名词The SOC decline rates。故填those。
2024年
1.【新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____the____ first time.
60.【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
2.【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
38.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。
3.【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___inspired___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
41.【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。
4.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
5.【2024全国甲卷】What should ____45____（do）with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
【答案】be done
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46Having visited____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49 remarkable ____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman whose hair color looked just perfect.
3.考查时态。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
4.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me....
1.考查谓语动词。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。表示“害
怕……”短语为be afraid of，此处为used to do sth.。故to后添加be。
2.考查时态。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。事情发生在上周五，故用一般过去时。故make改为made。
5.【2023年北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12 exactly ____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【答案】11. would throw 13. had arrived
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
6. 【2023年北京卷】Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
7. 【2023年浙江卷1月】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
【60题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：were
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
答案：is designed
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
答案：has walked
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
3.【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
答案：addressed
解析：考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
4.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案：is viewed或has been viewed
解析：考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
5.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案：are；changing
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空：根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。第二空：分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change，故填changing。
答案：have promised
解析：考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have
promised。
6.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
答案：42. was fixing 43. threw
【42题详解】
考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词时态。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。
7.【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。
8.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
9.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
4.考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
10. 【2022年全国乙卷】And there were traffic jams, too.
9.考查时态。句意：还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时。故将were改为are。
11.【2022年全国甲卷】He showed me how his medical instruments was used.
2. was→were
考查主谓一致。句意：他向我展示他的医疗器械是如何使用的。主语instruments为复数形式，全文为一般过去时，be动词用复数形式were。故将was改为were。
12.【2022年全国甲卷】However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him.
4. become→became
考查动词时态。句意：然而，在我上了高中之后，不知怎么的，我开始疏远他。全文用一般过去时，动词become应改为过去式became。故将become改为became。
13.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last
Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。
14. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。
15. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party.
A. cancels B. will cancel
C. has cancelled D. had cancelled
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时，他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知，学校取消派对发生在前，孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后，故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。
2021年
1.【2021.6新高考1卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知，表示当时的情况，故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】 After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：1861年，林肯被选举为国家总统后，他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语，用and连接，所以都用一般过去时。
3.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空格填写谓语动词， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被动关系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意：它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的，现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
4.【2021.6全国甲卷】We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词，根据后文My bike was old可知， 应该为过去的时态，主语为we, 为主动语态，故填hired。
5.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词，可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意：自从它开放后，林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
6.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查谓语动词时态和被动语态。句意：这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被动。动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。
7.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语，主语是单数，根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时，故答案为 is considered。
8.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而在城市里，女人增长数值是1.3，男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时，故答案为was。
9.【2021.6全国乙卷 改错】I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
【答案】把tidying改为tidy
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据句中的and可知，water和tidy应为并列动作，所以动词形式应该保持一致。故把tidying改为tidy。
10．【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】 One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____63____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
【63题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
11. 【2021年全国甲卷】They kept very much to themselves.
8.考查时态。句意：他们很自闭。结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。
12.【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
13．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。
14. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
【答案】D
【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句，含By the time引导的时间状语从句，主句动作先于从句动作，且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系，是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。
15. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
A. delivered B. will be delivering
C. was delivering D. has been delivering
【答案】B
【解析】考查将来进行时。句意：大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但（开始之前）让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment（立即，即将，一会儿）的提示，可知教授的演讲还未开始，用将来时态（一般将来时或将来进行时），仅有B符合题意，是将来进行时的结构，故选B。谓语动词时态
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点 题型 谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致
语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
2024 2024·新课标I卷 ____60_walks___ (walk) 一般现在时与主谓一致
2024·新课标II卷 ___38_were_(be);___41_be built__ (build) 一般过去时与主谓一致； 被动语态
2024·全国乙卷 __44_were__ (be) 一般过去时与主谓一致
2024·全国甲卷
2024·年浙江1月 ____42_have started___ (start) 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023 2023·新课标I卷 /
2023·新课标II卷 I ___65_ wished__ (wish) 一般过去时
2023·全国乙卷 was amazed;means; 一般过去时与主谓一致，一般现在时与主谓一致
2023·全国甲卷 /
2023·年北京卷 would throw 13. had arrived has established 一般将来时； 过去完成时； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023·年浙江1月 featured 一般过去时
2022 2022·新课标I卷 were; is designed 一般过去时与主谓一致；一般现在时表达语态与主谓一致
2022·新课标II卷 was fixing 43. threw 过去进行时与主谓一致；一般过去时
2022·全国乙卷 addressed 一般过去时
2022·全国甲卷 has walked 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年北京卷 caught; has; has increased 一般过去时； 一般现在时与主谓一致； 现在完成时与主谓一致
2022·年浙江1月 is viewed或has been viewed are；have promised 一般现在时被动语态与主谓一致； 主谓一致； 现在完成时被动语态与主谓一致
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年新高考卷对于谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致的考查共计24次， 是考查的热点和重点，谓语动词时态主要考查：
1． 一般现在时的意义和构成；
2． 现在完成时的意义和构成；
3． 一般过去时的意义和构成；
4．过去进行时的意义和构成；
5. 过去完成时的意义和构成；
6. 将来进行时的意义和构成。
【备考策略】
系了解并能正确运用必考的10种时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时）；
2. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态；
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
【命题预测】
预计2025年时态仍将是高考的重点难点和热点，时态的考查仍然以最基本的时态（一般现在时，一般过去时、现在完成时）为主，但是也会兼顾其他语法内容的考查。
必备基础知识：
考点一 一般体
一、 一般现在时
一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat→eats; rise→rises
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses;teach→teaches
以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词 变-y为-ies carry→carries; fly→flies
2）一般选择时的用法
1. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday，once a week等表示频率的时间状语连用。
He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。
My mother works at the same company as my father.
我的母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。
We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。
2. 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any.
史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。
Mary speaks both English and French very well.
玛丽英语和法语都说得很好。
4. 表示按照时刻表或者时间表安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。
Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。
5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。
I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。
注意：
if 条件状语从句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
如果你愿意接受我的邀请来参加我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴。
一般现在时用法口诀 用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。 基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。 客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。 谓语若为行为动，形式还要主语定。 主语人称是三单，动词要把-s/-es添。 句中若把助动用，谓语动词用原形。
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61__the__ first time.
1.【2024届广东省广州市天河区高三下学期三模】Within this group, there is a tag called”20 minutes for parks”, which 6 (come) from a theory originating from the International Journal of Environmental Health Research.
2.【河南省部分重点高中2023-2024学年高三下学期5月联考】 Guessing lantern riddles is an activity that 31 (date) back at least as far as the Southern Song Dynasty, 32when scholars wrote riddles on small slips of paper and 33 (hang) them from lanterns for festival attendees to guess.
二、 一般过去时
1）一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,其动词规则变化如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed play→ played; discuss→discussed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked
2) 一般过去时的用法
1. 表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。
It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作业真是很糟糕。
He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。
2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫妇访问期间，不论走到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。
3. 用于固定句型中。
It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。
5. 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨，他就不去。
6. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示＂本来认为＂。
I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。
常见考法：
1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来；
2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况；
3. as if /as though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。
【误区提醒】
时间和条件状语从句中用错时态；没时间状语时习惯用一般现在时。
一般过去时用法口诀 动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。 句中动词用过去式，过去时间作标记。 否定句，很简单，谓语动词前didn’t添。 疑问构成也有法，主语前面Did加。 还有一点不能忘，后面动词要还原。
1.（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）As a little girl,I 65. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
1.【2024届湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期五月模拟】90 percent of the world’s fireworks are produced in China. The biggest importer is the US, which 11 (ship) in more than US $650 million worth in 2021.
2【2024届炎德英才联考湖南省雅礼中学模拟】Singer 2024, a show which brings together a constellation (一群) of gifted singers from 31 domestic and international backgrounds to engage in a series of excellent performances, 32 (kick) off on May 10, 2024.
三、 一般将来时
1.shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening 今晚七点回家好吗？
2.be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划或安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3.be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4.be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5.一般现在时表将来。
a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
—When does the bus star 汽车什么时候开？
—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。
b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
c. 在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
6.用现在进行时表示将来。
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week 你会在这儿待到下周吗？
【易混辨析】
be going to 用于条件句时，be going to表将来 If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible.
will 用于条件句时，will表意愿 Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 如果你脱掉衣服，我们将在镜子前为你穿上新的衣服。
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划 I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
四 、 一般过去将来时
1. 过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
2. 过去将来时的结构
（1） would + 动词原形
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本学期赶上其他同学。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你请李雷帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。
（2）was / were going to + 动词原形
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要派我去火车站接她。
（3）was / were to + 动词原形。
The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑该在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了。
（4）was / were about to + 动词原形。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响了。
（5）was / were +现在分词。
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。
3. 过去将来时的用法
（1）过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们待在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。
（2）过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。
If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
【归纳拓展】
was / were going to + 动词原形，was / were to + 动词原形，was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。
The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。
五、 动词的时态一致原则
(一)主句和名词性从句时态一致原则
下面我们以宾语从句为例说明主句和名词性从句时态呼应的基本规律:
1.主句是现在时或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。如:
The woman tells me that she is/was/will be a nurse.
2.主句是过去时态时,从句的时态有下面几种情况:
(1)从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:
I thought he worked very hard.我认为他工作很努力。
The actor said he was living in Beijing.
这位男演员说他住在北京。
(2)如果从句有具体的过去时间点,尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前,有时仍用一般过去时。如:
She told me her brother died in 1960.
她告诉我她哥哥是1960年去世的。
(3)从句说的是一般真理或客观事实时,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us that the earth is round.
老师告诉我们地球是圆的。
(4)从句动作发生在主句动作之后时,从句须用过去将来时。如:
I knew where Tom would celebrate his birthday.
我知道汤姆将在哪里庆祝生日。
(5)从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,从句须用过去完成时。
(二)主句与状语从句时态一致原则
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,则从句往往用一般现在时表将来;若主句为过去时,则从句也用相对应的过去时。如:
You’ll make progress if you keep working hard.
如果你继续努力,你就会取得进步。
He told us that he wouldn’t give up until he succeeded.
他告诉我们在成功之前他决不放弃。
(三)主句与定语从句时态一致原则
定语从句的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。如:
That is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow.
那就是明天要给我们做报告的那个人。
That was the person who would give us a lecture the next day.
那就是第二天要给我们做报告的那个人。
【2023年北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time.
1.【2024届炎德英才联考湖南省雅礼中学模拟】With a mission 34 (cultivate) China’s premier music landscape, besides the first show, Singer 2024 promises audiences another 11 live shows that 35 (broadcast) in real time throughout the season.
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2024届河南省三门峡部分名校高三下学期模拟考试】The Lepcha people are a minority group living in parts of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. They have a rich and unique culture, and one less-known aspect of their customs 1 (be) their music and dance traditions.
2.【安徽省蚌埠市皖北私立联考2023-2024学年高三下学期期中】As a traditional Chinese holiday, the Spring Festival 15 （characterize） by family reunions and wishes for prosperity in the upcoming year.
3.【2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三下学期二模考试】Creating buildings such as these 30 (enable) us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
4.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】A plush toy named “Happy Loong” has recently captured the hearts of visitors to the Gansu Provincial Museum in northwest China.
Modeled after 41 Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) gold decoration in the shape of a loong or Chinese dragon, over 1,000 of these chubby and grinning loong toys were sold in the first week after they 42 (appear) earlier this year.
4.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】Looking ahead, the museum souvenir market in China 50 (expect) to continue growing.
6.【2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试】Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which 3 (make) of Chinese cabbage, is a traditional specialty of the northeastern region and is now sold around the country 4 exported overseas.
7.【2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模】Chinese acrobatic (杂技) dates back to the Neolithic, when ancient people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration. The use of daily items such as tables, chairs, bowls and plates 1 (be) common in their performances. 8.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】This 1 (mark) the debut solo (首次个人) exhibition in Los Angeles for the 2 (high) recognized multitalented artist, musician, writer, and actress.
9.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】At the heart of the exhibition, Girl on a Swing 5 (surround) by block-color paintings and a recreated grassy area, reflecting the artist’s inner world with colors of golden cornfields, shining sun, and expansive greenery spreading out.
10.【2024届四川省攀枝花市高三下学期第三次统一考试】AI is causing huge challenges to exam 6 (equal). It is the biggest destructor since calculators 7 (allow) into math tests several years ago.
11.【2024届四川省眉山市仁寿县四川省仁寿第一中学校模拟】The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which 5 (contain) desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out 6 the reentry module might land.
12.【2024届四川省眉山市仁寿县四川省仁寿第一中学校模拟】The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which 5 (contain) desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out 6 the reentry module might land.
13.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】Zou 28 (recall)that, when she was little, her grandmother was busy every day, making wedding clothes and quilts for granddaughters.
14.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】At the age of 6, she started to help her mother to make Su embroidery items, all of which 29 (sell)to support the family.
15，【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】On Thursday, the National Cultural Heritage Administration in Beijing 31 (reveal) that archaeologists had discovered two sunken ships in the depths of the South China Sea.
16.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics 36 (determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving manned submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong, 37 researcher at the National Center for Archaeology.
17.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】The excavations in 2022 43 (unearth) remains of grains, sacrificial buildings and a large settlement, revealing an agricultural society that ate grains.
18.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】Before the new discovery, the fishing and hunting 45 (know) to be main activities in Hongshan ancestors’ life.
19.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】Mid-Autumn Festival and Lunar New Year are as important to them in Australia as they 4 (be) in China, and will continue to be so.
20.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Huang Danian, a noted Chinese geophysicist (物理学), 1 (devote) himself to science and made great contributions to China’s deep earth exploration.
21.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Upon return, Huang 8 (appoint) chief scientist of China’s biggest deep earth exploration program.
22.【2024届江西省景德镇市高三下学期第三次质量检测】This type of embroidery 13 (feature) a bold use of brilliant colors.Chen Yunzhen, from Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County in Sichuan Province, is a master of Qiang embroidery.
23.【2024届福建省南平市建阳区福建省南平市建阳区高三预测绝密卷模拟】Beneath an orange tent along East 32nd Street Saturday morning, warmly dressed locals 21 (deliver) pies, filled with everything from nuts to apples and cheese, to be judged in the first-ever Great Waverly Pie Contest.
24.【2024届福建省南平市建阳区福建省南平市建阳区高三预测绝密卷模拟】“I 25 (live) in Maryland for four years when I was young. So I wanted to combine my past, 26 is my filling, with my present home,” Houston said.
25.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Cleaning must be done before the holiday, 46 (typical) in January or February, since sweeping after the festivities 47 (see) as removing good luck.
26.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“The club have told us they will appeal against the ban on European football and that they’re almost 100 per cent sure they are right,” De Bruyne 51 (tell) Belgian paper Het Laatste Nieuws.
27.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“I’m just waiting. I trust my team. Once the decision 52 (make), I will review everything. Two years would be long, in the case of one year I might see.
28.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】Guardiola is expected to leave when his current City deal 56 (end) next year but De Bruyne does not see that as a reason to move on himself.
29.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】This is obvious 59 Man City lost the two Premier League matches which De Bruyne didn’t participate in, scoring none, and it 60 (be) De Bruyne himself contributing a whole lot to save Man City from being slashed by Real Madrid.
30.【2024届山东省日照市高三下学期二模】Volha Halpyarovich, from Belarus, 1 (experience) the healing power of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a child.
31.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Dazhai, a village 1 (surround) by mountains on all sides in Guangxi's Longsheng autonomous county of various ethnic groups, which boasts around 66 square kilometers of terraced (梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated for around 2,300 years, 2 (attract) tens of thousands of visitors every year.
（2024·广东·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A group of Chinese researchers issued a data map of the soil organic carbon (SOC) content for global black soil areas, 11 (reveal) the quantification of agroecosystems and global food security, according to the recent issue of the journal Remote Sensing of Environment.
Research has shown that carbon cycle is 12 (significant) influenced by agricultural soils. The accuracy mapping of SOC content can help to clarify the carbon sequestration capacity (碳汇能力), quantify agroecosystem and contribute 13 global food security. But it is still challenging to acquire 14 (rely) SOC content databasets.
The study 15 (publish) in the journal was done by researchers from the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. According to the journal, the researchers 16 (collect) more than 191,000 scenes of remote sensing images and elevation model data, and used meta-learning convolutional neural network model 17 (generate) high-resolution data map for global black soil regions.
The data in the study indicates that the SOC content in the global black soil regions shows a decreasung trend, which can be divided into the significant decrease phase from 1984 to 2000, 18 the moderate decrease phase from 2001 to 2021.
The result from the study also shows that the four major black soil 19 (region) in the world have different rates of SOC decline. The SOC decline rates of the Russian-Ukrainian Plain and the Pampas Plain of South America are higher than 20 of the northeast China and the Mississippi River Basin in North America.
2024年
1.【新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____the____ first time.
2.【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns.
3.【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___inspired___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
4.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
5.【2024全国甲卷】What should ____45____（do）with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46Having visited____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____
(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49 remarkable ____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman whose hair color looked just perfect.
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
4.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me....
5.【2023年北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12 exactly ____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
6. 【2023年北京卷】Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
7. 【2023年浙江卷1月】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
3.【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
4.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
5.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
6.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
7.【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
8.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell.9.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
10. 【2022年全国乙卷】And there were traffic jams, too.
11.【2022年全国甲卷】He showed me how his medical instruments was used.
12.【2022年全国甲卷】However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him.
13.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
14. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
15. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party.
A. cancels B. will cancel
C. has cancelled D. had cancelled
2021年
1.【2021.6新高考1卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】 After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
3.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修复）.
4.【2021.6全国甲卷】We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
5.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
6.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
7.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
8.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
9.【2021.6全国乙卷 改错】I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever
necessary.
10．【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】 One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____63____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
11. 【2021年全国甲卷】They kept very much to themselves.
12.【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
13．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
14. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
15. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
A. delivered B. will be delivering
C. was delivering D. has been delivering
