动词
题型一 实义动词的考查
1.（广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Not only students but also their teacher (object) to the plan.
【答案】objects
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅学生而且他们的老师也反对这个计划。此空为句子的谓语，结合句意可知，此处描述的是客观事实，所以此处使用一般现在时，object与句子主语Not only students but also their teacher之间为主动关系，且“not only…but also…”连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数形式使用就近原则，所以，该句中谓语动词的单复数形式取决于their teacher，谓语动词应为objects。故填objects。
2.（广东省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试题） Eventually sixty-seven panda-specific protected areas _____ (represent) 70 percent of the species’ range were established.
【答案】representing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最终建立了67个熊猫保护区，占该物种活动范围的70%。分析句子结构可知represent与逻辑主语area构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，修饰areas。故填representing。
3.（23-24高三·江苏南通·期末）Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination,
impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness (involve) more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives.
【答案】involves
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：打破根深蒂固的习惯倾向，如拖延、不耐烦、挑剔或自私，这些违反了人类效率的基本原则，需要的不仅仅是一点意志力和生活中的一些小改变。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的定语从句，主句中缺少谓语，所以involve做本句谓语，主语是Breaking，为第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填involves。
4.（23-24高三·福建·期末）People (panic) and fled in all directions when they heard a deafening explosion in the street corner.
【答案】panicked
【解析】考查时态。句意：当听到街角震耳欲聋的爆炸声时，人们惊慌失措，四处逃散。由and fled可知，句子时态是一般过去时，and前后时态一致，因此空格处是过去式panicked。故填panicked。
5.（23-24高三·福建·期末）The app keeps you (update) on all your favorite topics and current events.
【答案】updated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该应用程序更新所有你最喜欢的话题和时事。此处update与you构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填updated。
6.（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试）When she ___ (spot) such abandoned goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others to pick them up from the streets.
【答案】spotted
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街上捡起这些物品。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。spot（发现）的过去式为spotted。故填spotted。
（23-24高三·福建·阶段练习）The secretary had no option but (resign) from the job after giving away the secret of the company.
【答案】to resign
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：秘书在泄露了公司的秘密后，别无选择，只得辞职。此处上文为短语have no option but do sth.表示“别无选择，只得……”。故填to resign。
（23-24高三·福建·阶段练习）The (shade) areas showing us where the houses will be built can be distinguished from the surrounding areas on the map.
【答案】shaded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在地图上，向我们显示房屋建造位置的阴影区域可以与周围区域区分开来。空处修饰名词areas，需用非谓语动词作定语，shade和areas为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填shaded。
（2024·河北·一模）They broke my windows and (threat) me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】threatened
【解析】考查动词和时态。句意：他们打破我的窗户并且威胁我。分析句子可知，空处应为动词，与“broke”并列作谓语，故应为过去式；threaten为动词，表示“威胁”，符合句意。故填threatened。
10.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）The Confucian Analects or The Analects (论语) is a collection of the sayings and teachings of Confucius and his disciples (门徒). It (compile) in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples took according to the answer to their questions.
【答案】was compiled
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：它是在战国早期，孔子死后70多年，他的弟子根据他们的问题的答案所做的笔记汇编而成的。It指代上文提到的“The Analects”，与谓语动词compile是被动关系，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was compiled。
题型二 系动词及情态动词的考查
1.（23-24高三·福建·开学考试）The medicine has proved somewhat effective, but further testing remains (conduct).
【答案】to be conducted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种药物已被证明有一定的疗效，但进一步的测试仍有待进行。本句谓语为remains，此处为非谓语动词，testing与conduct“进行，组织，实施”为被动关系，remain to be done“仍有待完成”，应用不定式的被动形式。故填to be conducted。
一Thank God! The accident was avoided after all．
一That was lucky, but ten inches nearer and the two cars ( destroy).
【答案】would have been destroyed
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——谢天谢地！毕竟避免了一场事故。——那很幸运，但是如果再靠近10寸，两辆车就毁了。根据句意可知，事故没有发生，所以“ten inches nearer and the two cars ______( destroy)”，是一种假设，而且是对过去的一种假设，应该用虚拟语气，“ten inches nearer ”是虚拟条件句，相当于：If they had been ten inches nearer，所以主句应该用would have done形式，destroy与主语是被动关系，所以应用would have been done的形式，故填would have been destroyed。
No sooner he arrived at the station than his friend left by train.
【答案】had
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他刚到车站，他的朋友就坐火车走了。no sooner…than…为固定句型，意为“一……就……”，no sooner后面的主句使用过去完成时，no sooner置于句首，使用部分倒装，空处需填助动词had。故填had。
By the time I saw the angry expression on his face，I knew exactly what I was having to face.But not for a moment I think I should quit.
【答案】did
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：在我看到他脸上愤怒的表情时，我清楚地知道我将要面对的是什么了。但是不一会我就觉得我要放弃了。根据saw可知第一个空用过去时knew， not for a moment时间状语放在句首，句子倒装。故填did。
My brother took the pills for only three days before he fully recovered, so the medicine (prove) effective.
【答案】proved
【解析】考查谓语动词时态语态。句意：我哥哥只吃了三天这种药他就完全康复了，所以事实证明这种药非常有效。分析句子，该空为句子的谓语动词；所给词prove作“事实证明是，结果证明是，事实说明”解时,是连系动词, 无被动形式，其后可接形容词，名词，动词不定式或介词短语作表语；事实已经证明这种药是有效果的，结合前面主句谓语动词是过去时，该空应使用一般过去时。故填proved。
China’s deadliest earthquake in recent years (be)a 7.9 magnitude quake in 2008 that killed nearly 90, 000 people in Sichuan.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系动词。句意：中国近年来死亡人数最多的地震是2008年发生的7.9级地震，导致四川近9万人丧生。分析句子可知，空处是系动词，表示“是”；该地震发生在过去，故用一般过去时；由主语earthquake可知be用单数形式；故填was。
This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it （taste）delicious.
【答案】tastes
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这种烤肉是当地的超级食物，它尝起来很美味。分析句子可知，taste是谓语动词，由上文的is可知，用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，且taste是系动词，无被动式，故填tastes。
As the old saying goes,“A workman must (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”
【答案】sharpen
【解析】考查动词。句意：俗话说得好：“工欲善其事，必先利其器”。must后缺少动词原形，结合his tools可知，此处为“磨快，使……锋利”用动词sharpen。故填sharpen。
He must (pass) the exam, because he was so happy the whole day.
【答案】have passed
【解析】考查情态动词+have done的结构。句意：他一定是通过了考试，因为他一整天都那么开心。根据下文“because he was so happy the whole day”可知，他一整天都那么开心，所以他一定是通过了考试。本题考查“must have done”的结构，表示对过去情况的非常肯定的推测，即“一定已经做了某事”。故填have passed。
I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn’t (eat) so much fried chicken just now.
【答案】have eaten
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我的胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。根据“so much fried chicken just now”可知，此处是指刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡，shouldn’t have done意为“本不应该做某事”，是与过去事实
相反的虚拟语气。故填have eaten。
题型三 动词短语的考查
1．（2024·天津·二模）The US government’s immigration policy has ______ fierce debate.
A．taken off B．brought up C．built up D．set off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：美国政府的移民政策引发了激烈的争论。A. taken off起飞；B. brought up抚养成人；C. built up逐渐发展；D. set off引发。根据“fierce debate”可知，此处是指引发了激烈的争论。故选D。
2．（2024·天津·模拟预测）Having separated from his family for a long time, a postcard from his parents __________ his homesickness.
A．set off B．lay aside C．provide for D．bring forward
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：与家人久别之后，父母寄来的一张明信片勾起了他的思乡之情。A. set off引起，激起；B. lay aside放置一边；C. provide for供养，赡养；D. bring forward提出。由“Having separated from his family for a long time, a postcard from his parents”和“his homesickness”可知，句子表示“与家人久别之后，父母寄来的一张明信片勾起了他的思乡之情”，空格处意为“引起，激起”，故选A。
3．（2024·天津·二模）On arriving in Athens from Marathon, the messenger whose legs collapsed on the spot, ________ the victory news and entirely exhausted himself.
A．left out B．gave out C．held out D．turned out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：从马拉松抵达雅典时，这位双腿瘫痪的信使当场倒下，宣布了胜利的消息后筋疲力尽。A. left out遗漏；B. gave out发出，宣布；C. held out伸出；D. turned out结果是。分析句意可知，此处缺主句的谓语动词，且后接宾语“胜利的消息”，使用动词短语give out“宣布”符合语境。故选B项。
4．（2024·天津·模拟预测）At a recent seminar, many participants were worried about the fact that overpopulation may ______ many social security problems.
A．give ear to B．give rise to C．give place to D．give attention to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在最近的一次研讨会上，许多与会者担心人口过剩可能会导致许多社会安全问题。A. give ear to倾听；B. give rise to引起，导致；C. give place to让位给；D. give attention to注意。由overpopulation和many social security problems可知，句子表示“许多与会者担心人口过剩可能会导致许多社会安全问题”，空格处意为“导致”，故选B。
5．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）Since Tom is good at ______ stories, I think he will be a good novelist in the
future.
A．turning up B．taking up C．showing up D．making up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于汤姆擅长编故事，我认为他将来会成为一名优秀的小说家。A.turning up出现；B.taking up占用；C.showing up到场；D.making up编造。根据“I think he will be a good novelist in the future”可知，此处是指汤姆擅长编故事。故选D。
6．（2024·天津和平·三模）What will remain of us when artificial intelligence ______will be our creativity.
A．drops out B．takes over C．falls away D．breaks away
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当人工智能控制时，我们剩下的将是我们的创造力。A. drops out退出；B.takes over接管，控制； C. falls away消失； D. breaks away与……决裂。 根据“What will remain of us”可知，此句假设AI控制世界后我们的情况。故选B。
7．（2024·山东济南·二模）Spicy food tastes delicious, but it does not ______me
A．agree on B．agree to C．agree with D．agree at
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：辛辣的食物味道鲜美，但是它不合我的胃口。A.agree on就...达成一致；B. agree to 同意（观点）；C.agree with（气候、食物等）适合于；D.agree at无此短语。根据“Spicy food tastes delicious”可知，辛辣的食物不合我的胃口。故选C项。
8．（2024·山东济南·二模）— How about your life abroad
— A little hard, but I’ll try my best to ______it.
A．be busy with B．stay away from C．get used to D．look up to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：——你在国外的生活怎么样 ——有点难，但我会尽力去适应的。A. be busy with忙于；B. stay away from离……远点，躲避……；C. get used to习惯于；D. look up to尊敬；敬仰。根据“A little hard, but I’ll try my best to”可知，会尽力习惯于去适应国外的生活。故选C。
9．（2024·天津·二模）Thanks to the policy of poverty alleviation, children in remote mountain areas can ______ basic education.
A．account for B．be aware of C．have access to D．be relevant to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于扶贫政策，偏远山区的儿童可以接受基础教育。A.account for 解释；B.be aware of 意识到：C. have access to具有使用某物或接触某人的权利或机会; D. be relevant to与…有关。根据上文“Thanks to the policy of poverty alleviation”可知，偏远山区的儿童可以接受基础教育。故选C项。
10．（2024·山东济南·二模）A big fire ______last night. Luckily, no one was injured.
A．broke through B．broke out C．broke into D．broke away
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：昨晚爆发了一场大火。幸运的是，没有人受伤。A. broke through突破；B. broke out爆发（指战争、火灾、疾病等）；C. broke into突然进入；D. broke away逃离。根据空前A big fire可知，此处指爆发了一场火灾。故选B项。
11．（2024·天津·二模）The Smith family has been carefully __________ their adopted child since they welcomed him into their home.
A．bringing up B．telling off C．finding out D．taking in
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：自从史密斯一家欢迎他们收养的孩子来到他们家以来，他们一直小心翼翼地抚养他。A. bringing up抚养；B. telling off训斥，责备；C. finding out发现；D. taking in吸收，欺骗。该句为现在完成进行时，所以此处使用现在分词形式，结合句意以及空后的“adopted child”可知，此处应表示“抚养”那个收养的孩子。故选A项。
12．（23-24高三·陕西西安·阶段练习）What disappointed him was that the opinion he had stuck ________ out impractical.
A．to turn B．to turning
C．to be turned D．to turned
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：使他失望的是他坚持的意见被证明是错的。分析句子可知，stick to是动词短语意为“坚持”，turn out是动词短语意为“结果是”，句中he had stuck to是定语从句，修饰限定先行名词the opinion，that引导表语从句，表语从句中谓语动词是turn out，根据What disappointed him was that...可知表语从句使用一般过去时turned out。故选D项。
13．（2024·天津北辰·三模）History has the potential to ______ those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
A．set aside B．keep off C．break down D．take back
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：历史有可能打破这些界限，让我们深入了解整个世界，否则这些世界对我们来说是陌生的。A. set aside留作……之用；B. keep off（使）不接近；C. break down破除；D. take back收回。要深入了解整个世界，需要打破（break down）一些界限。故选C项。
14．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）As the sun began to rise, a deep sense of well-being __________ me. I suddenly felt full of hope and energy again.
A．hung over B．fell over C．turned over D．washed over
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当太阳开始升起时，一种深深的幸福感涌上心头。我突然觉得又充满了希望和活力。A. hung over 宿醉；B. fell over跌倒 ；C. turned over 翻转；D. washed over涌上心头。根据
空格前的a deep sense of well-being可知，此处指“深深的幸福感涌上心头”。故选D。
15．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）If you don’t find a job soon, you may __________ begging on the streets.
A．wind up B．dry up C．pack up D．set up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你不尽快找到工作，你可能会最终沦落到沿街乞讨。A. wind up 以……告终；B. dry up干涸；C. pack up收拾行李；D. set up建立。结合“begging on the streets”可知，此处表示如果不快点找到工作，最终只能乞讨，wind up“以……告终”符合句意。故选A项。
16．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）I was pleased, of course —adoptions were always what __________ my soul —but I chalked it up to a lucky break for one black kitten.
A．snuggled B．throbbed C．highlighted D．nourished
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，我很高兴——收养一直是滋养我灵魂的东西——但我把它归结为一只黑猫的幸运。A. snuggled偎依；B. throbbed抽痛，悸动；C. highlighted突出，强调；D. nourished滋养。根据“I was pleased”和“but I chalked it up to a lucky break for one black kitten”可知，此处表示收养能滋养心灵。故选D。
17．（23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习）He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of at a hotel for the night.
A．putting down B．putting up C．putting away D．putting out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他决定一路开车回家而不是到旅馆投宿。A. putting down镇压；B. putting up张贴，搭建，留宿；C. putting away收拾好；D. putting out扑灭。根据“drive all the way home instead of ___at a hotel ”可知，此处表示不投宿旅馆。故选B。
18．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）What will remain of us when artificial intelligence will be our creativity.
A．takes over B．drops out C．falls away D．breaks away
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当人工智能控制世界时，我们剩下的将正是我们的创造力。A. takes over接管，控制；B. drops out退出； C. falls away消失； D. breaks away与……决裂。 根据“What will remain of us”可知，句作假设了AI控制世界后我们的情况。故选A。
19．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）Some of these non-native fish escaped into other waterways. They can bully ecosystems, quickly ________.
A．switching off B．taking over C．bouncing around D．turning up
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些外来鱼类逃到了其他水道中。它们可能破坏生态系统，快速占据主导地位。A. switching off关闭； B. taking over接管，占上风； C.bouncing around蹦蹦跳跳；D.turning up
出场，出现。这里指的是这些外来鱼类可能会在其他水域中占据主导地位，破坏生态系统。take over意味着取得控制权或支配地位，与句子的语境相符合，故选B项。
20．（23-24·广东深圳·阶段练习）Jasper has________ “No Parking” signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.
A．put on B．put down C．put out D．put up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：贾斯帕在他的大门外挂了“禁止停车”的标志，但没有任何效果。A. put on穿上；B. put down放下；C. put out熄灭；D. put up张贴。根据后文““No Parking” signs”指张贴标志，故选D。
题型 语法填空
Passage 1（2024·浙江·高考真题）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 1 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 3 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 4 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 5 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 6 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 7 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 8 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 9 other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 10 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【答案】
1．to benefit 2．or 3．that/which 4．what 5．criticism 6．be offered 7．have started 8．designed 9．the 10．ones
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
1．考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
2．考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
3．考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
4．考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
5．考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
6．考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
7．考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
8．考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
9．考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
10．考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。
Passage 2 （23-24高三·上海·阶段练习）
OpenAI publishes Elon Musk’s emails. ‘We’re sad that it’s come to this’
OpenAI fired back at Elon Musk, who sued the ChatGPT company last week for chasing profit and 11 (diverge) from its original, nonprofit mission. Tuesday night, OpenAI published several of Musk’s emails from the early days of the company that appear to show Musk acknowledging OpenAI needed to make a ton of money to fund the incredible computing resources needed to power 12 AI ambitions.
In the emails, parts of 13 have been redacted (修订), Musk argues that the company stood virtually no chance of building a successful generative AI platform by raising cash alone, and the company needed to find alternate sources of revenue to survive.
In a November 22, 2015, email to CEO Sam Altman, Musk, an OpenAI co-founder, said the company
needed to raise much more than $100 million to “avoid sounding hopeless.” Musk suggested a $1 billion funding commitment and promised that he would cover 14 did not get raised.
OpenAI in a blog post Tuesday night said Musk never followed through on his promise, 15 (commit) $45 million in funding for OpenAI, 16 other donors raised $90 million. Lawyers for Musk declined to comment on OpenAI’s claims.
Musk, in a February 1, 2018, email, told company executives that the only path forward for OpenAI was for Tesla, his electric car company, to buy it. The company refused, and Musk left OpenAI later that year.
In December 2018, Musk emailed Altman and other executives that OpenAI would not be relevant “ 17 a dramatic change in execution and resources.”
“This needs billions per year immediately or forget it,” Musk emailed. “I really hope I’m wrong.”
OpenAI executives agreed. In 2019, they formed OpenAI LP, a for-profit entity that exists within the larger company’s structure. That for-profit company took OpenAI from effectively worthless to a valuation of $90 billion in just a few years — and Altman 18 (credit) as the mastermind of that plan and the key to the company’s success.
Microsoft has since committed $13 billion in a close partnership with OpenAI.
Musk’s complaint, 19 (file) last week in California state court, said that company and its partnership with Microsoft violated OpenAI’s founding charter, representing a breach of contract. Musk is asking for a jury trial and for the company 20 (pay) back the profit they received from the business.
【答案】
11．diverging 12．its 13．which 14．whatever 15．committing 16．while 17．without 18．is/was/has been credited 19．filed 20．to pay
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍OpenAI公布了埃隆·马斯克的电子邮件，马斯克上周起诉这家ChatGPT公司追逐利润，偏离了最初的非营利使命。
11．考查动名词。句意：OpenAI回击了埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk)，后者上周起诉这家ChatGPT公司追逐利润，偏离了最初的非营利使命。设空处和chasing共同作介词for的宾语，也应用动名词形式，故填diverging。
12．考查代词。句意：周二晚上，OpenAI公布了马斯克早期的几封电子邮件，这些邮件似乎表明，马斯克承认OpenAI需要赚很多钱，才能为其人工智能雄心所需的惊人计算资源提供资金。设空处修饰名词AI ambitions，指代主语OpenAI，所以用形容词物主代词表示它的，故填its。
13．考查定语从句。句意：在这些电子邮件(部分内容已被编辑)中，马斯克辩称，该公司几乎没有机会通过单独筹集资金来建立一个成功的生成式人工智能平台，公司需要找到其他收入来源才能生存。设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词emails，从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。
14．考查宾语从句。句意：马斯克提出了10亿美元的融资承诺，并承诺他会支付任何没有筹集到的资金。设空处连接宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“任何没有筹集的资金”，应用whatever，故填whatever。
15．考查现在分词。句意：OpenAI在周二晚上的一篇博客文章中表示，马斯克从未兑现他的承诺，他承诺为OpenAI提供4500万美元的资金，而其他捐助者则筹集了9000万美元。本句已有谓语followed，设空处
为非谓语动词，和主语Musk之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填committing。
16．考查连词。句意：同上。other donors raised $90 million和上文构成并列关系，表对比，应用while连接，故填while。
17．考查介词。句意：2018年12月，马斯克给奥尔特曼和其他高管发了一封电子邮件，称“如果在执行和资源方面没有重大变化”，OpenAI就不会有意义。设空处后接名词，并且表示没有，应用介词without，故填without。
18．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这家以盈利为目的的公司在短短几年内就将OpenAI从一文不值提升到900亿美元的估值，而奥特曼被认为是该计划的策划者，也是公司成功的关键。设空处为谓语，和主语Altman之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，本句描述的事实，可以用一般现在时，并且也可以描述为当时的一种状态，也可以用一般过去时，另外也可以表示对现在造成的一种结果，用现在完成时，主语单数，谓语用第三人称单数，故填is/was/has been credited。
19．考查过去分词。句意：马斯克上周在加利福尼亚州法院提起诉讼，称该公司及其与微软的合作违反了OpenAI的创始章程，违反了合同。本句已有谓语said，设空处修饰名词Musk’s complaint作后置定语，和名词之间是被动关系，故填filed。
20．考查不定式。句意：马斯克要求进行陪审团审判，并要求该公司偿还他们从这项业务中获得的利润。设空处为非谓语动词，作宾语补足语，故填to pay。
Passage 3 （23-24高三·广东·阶段练习）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
CRRC, a leading manufacturer of railway vehicles globally, has officially unveiled its latest addition to the intercity smart train family — the Cinova 2.0, at 21 event held in Qingdao, China. This significant milestone marks the 22 (begin) of a new era in intercity rail travel, as the train represents a leap forward in terms of technology and passenger comfort.
The train was independently developed and manufactured by CRRC． What sets the Cinova 2.0 apart from its predecessors (前代产品) is the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) and digital twins. These technologies provide intelligent solutions that enhance the safety, 23 (efficient), and promising passenger experience of the train.
The ADAS, for instance, 24 (utility) a suite of sensors and cameras to provide the driver with real-time information about the train's surroundings and operating conditions. This allows for safer and 25 (smooth) navigation, even in complex urban environments. Meanwhile, the digital twins technology creates a virtual replica (复制品) of the train and its operating environment, 26 can be used to simulate various scenarios (情景) and test new operational strategies, 27 affecting the actual train.
The new model is an 28 (upgrade) version of the Cinova 1.0 intercity train, which featured characteristics suited for intercity operations such as fast start and stop times, efficient boarding and a large capacity. The Cinova 2.0 has these same design qualities while also integrating intelligent 29 (technology) like 5G, big data and cloud computing. This intelligent train, with its advanced technologies and
exceptional performance, is ready to 30 (revolution) the way people travel between cities, making it safer, more efficient, and more sustainable.
【答案】
21．an 22．beginning 23．efficiency 24．utilizes 25．smoother 26．which 27．without 28．upgraded 29．technologies 30．revolutionize
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了在中国青岛举行的一场活动中，全球领先的轨道车辆制造商中国中车正式推出了城际智能列车家族的最新成员——Cinova 2.0。
21．考查冠词。句意：在中国青岛举行的一场活动中，全球领先的轨道车辆制造商中国中车正式推出了城际智能列车家族的最新成员——Cinova 2.0。此处event为泛指，且是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
22．考查名词。句意：这一重要的里程碑标志着城际铁路旅行新时代的开始，因为列车代表了技术和乘客舒适度方面的飞跃。作动词的宾语，应用名词beginning，此处为特指。故填beginning。
23．考查名词。句意：这些技术提供了智能解决方案，提高了列车的安全性、效率和有希望的乘客体验。作动词的宾语，应用名词efficiency，不可数。故填efficiency。
24．考查动词。句意：例如，ADAS利用一套传感器和摄像头，为驾驶员提供有关列车周围环境和运行状况的实时信息。作谓语，应用动词utilize，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为ADAS，谓语用三单形式。故填utilizes。
25．考查比较级。句意：即使在复杂的城市环境中，这也使得导航更安全、更顺畅。根据上文safer可知应用比较级。故填smoother。
26．考查定语从句。句意：与此同时，数字孪生技术创建了列车及其运行环境的虚拟复制品，可用于模拟各种场景并测试新的运营策略，而不会影响实际列车。定语从句修饰先行词replica，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
27．考查介词。句意：与此同时，数字孪生技术创建了列车及其运行环境的虚拟复制品，可用于模拟各种场景并测试新的运营策略，而不会影响实际列车。后跟动名词作宾语，表“不”应用介词without。故填without。
28．考查形容词。句意：新车型是Cinova 1.0城际列车的升级版，其特点是适合城际运营，如快速启动和停止时间，高效上车和大容量。修饰名词version应用形容词upgraded。故填upgraded。
29．考查名词的数。句意：Cinova 2.0具有相同的设计品质，同时还集成了5G、大数据和云计算等智能技术。根据后文like 5G, big data and cloud computing可知应用复数形式。故填technologies。
30．考查动词。句意：这种智能列车以其先进的技术和卓越的性能，准备彻底改变人们在城市之间旅行的方式，使其更安全、更高效、更可持续。表示“彻底改变”应用动词revolutionize，且上文为短语be ready to do sth.。故填revolutionize。
1.（2024年新高考I卷完形填空）I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievement s all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running _regularly_, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my __achievement___ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only __reason__ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I ____47____ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ____48____ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ____49____ her bike and went for a ride. ......That day, I got ____52____ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as _appealing__.
I’ve ____54____ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever __goals__ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with
48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved
49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked
52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped
54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried
【答案】41. C 43. D 44. C 47. C 48. B 49. B 52. A 54. B
【解析】41.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。
43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。
47.考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。
48.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。
49.考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted把……描绘成；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。
52.考查动词词义辨析。句意：。那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A. passed超过；B. convinced说服；C. admired欣赏；D. stopped阻止。根据前文“I’d never faced such .”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。
54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured (情感和认识)成熟；C. missed思念；D. worried担心。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。
2.（2024年浙江卷1月完形填空） A young Chinese man ____22____ me on the train. My __new___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the __chance__ to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had ____25____ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ____26____ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most _remarkable_, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ____28____ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American _writers__ as a whole. ”And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I ____30____ him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to ____31____ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ____self-educated
___ , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ____33____ me just how much one can gain from ____34____ with an open mind, and a willingness to ____35____ with locals from all walks of life.
22. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached
25. A. visited B. financed C. attended D. founded
26. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding
28. A. publish B. quote C. сорy D. download
30. A anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch
31. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with
33. A. asked B. warned C. showed D. promised
34. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching
35. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage
【答案】 22. D 25. C 26. A 28. B 30. C 31. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向我走来。A. treated对待；B. saved拯救；C. lectured演讲；D. approached靠近。根据后文“me on the train”以及后文两人交谈，可知一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向作者走来。故选D。
25.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. visited拜访；B. financed提供资金；C. attended参加，上(学)；D. founded成立。根据后文“a two-year professional school”可知，指这个年轻人去上了一个为期两年的专业学校。故选C。
26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in order to help support his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. quote引用；C. copy复制；D. download下载。根据后文“a translated Emerson passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。
30.考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at one point”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。
31.考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. look into调查；B. rely on依靠；C. go over复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知，年轻人从来没有离开过离家几百英里的地方，因此作者很容易依靠自己的假设对他进行判断。故选B。
33.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. asked询问；B. warned警告；C. showed展示；D. promised承诺。根据后文“me just how much one can gain from”指年轻人通过自己向作者展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。故选C。
34.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an open mind, and a willingness to”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。
35.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cooperate合作；B. side边；C. negotiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。
3.（2023年新高考I卷）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her __delay_ came because she was carrying a _ competitor_ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her _race__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get _medical_ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme __pain__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more _confused___ about why her act is considered a big __deal_. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
......
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
【答案】21. D 25. C 26. B 27. D 29. B 32. D 33. A
21.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get _____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
25.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
27.考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
29.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
33.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理
解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
4.（2023年新高考II卷）It just ___24___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___25___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___26___ Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very _nervous_. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __hard__ for him, having to leave his dog to a __stranger_ and trust that everything would _____30_____.
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me _____31_____ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and _____32_____ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was __uneventful__, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she _____34_____ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so ___thankful____ and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
24. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed
25. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed
26. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up
30. A. speed up B. work out C. come back D. take off
31. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load
32. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve
34. A. returned B. fought C. flew D. agreed
【答案】 24. C 25. B 26. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C
【解析】24.考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. appeared出现；B. proved证明；C. happened碰巧；D. showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C。
25.考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. waited等待；B. offered提供、主动提出；C. hurried匆忙；D. failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。
26.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off为……送行；B. look for寻找；C. hand over移交；D. pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。
30.考查动词短语辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. speed up加速；B. work out解决；C. come back回来；D. take off起飞。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was _____ for him,”可知，让狗的主人George相信一个陌生人一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。
31.考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A. feed喂养；B.
follow跟随；C. change改变；D. load装载。load into装入。根据“Tiffy into the plane.”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D。
32.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A. call打电话；B. join加入；C. leave离开；D. serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A。
34.考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚州的George那里。 A. returned返回；B. fought打仗；C. flew飞；D. agreed同意。根据“It just ______ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who _____ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen带狗Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。故选C。
5.（2023年全国甲卷）Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we ___21___ there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike ___22___ its way down the hill toward us. It was _neighbor_ called Mario, coming to ___24_ us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine....... These can’t be any _good__, we thought. But we were __ thankful for__ his kindness, so we ___30___ them.
...... Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ___34___ perfect but taste of water.It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can ___36___ them easily.......
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re ___38___, and as close as possible to where they were ___39___. What Mario had ___40___ us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
21. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed
22. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling
24. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show
30. A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed
34. A. smell B. look C. become D. work
36. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack
39. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown
40. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told
【答案】21. D 22. A 24.C 30. A 33. D 34. B 39. D 40. B
【解析】21.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. waited等待；B. met遇见；C. camped露营；D. stayed暂住。根据前文“Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第一次住在那里。故选D项。
22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. making使；让；B. searching搜索；C. squeezing挤压；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“coming to us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东西的，所以make one’s way复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。
24.考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. lend借出；B. send发送；C. bring带来；D. show展示。根据后文“It was a very nice for him to
make.”可知，马里奥很友好，所以是给作者一家带来一个盒子。故选C项。
30.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. tried尝试；B. sold出售；C. returned回来；D. mixed混合。根据后文“Those tomatoes had that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿，所以推知，他们是尝试了。故选A项。
34.考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在超市里的西红柿看起来很好，但味道像水。A. smell闻起来；B. look看起来；C. become变成；D. work工作。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket.”可知，超市的西红柿看起来很完美。故选B项。
36.考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们没有设法种植方形的，这样他们就可以方便地包装它们。A. clean打扫；B. check检查；C. count计数；D. pack包装。根据前文“It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones”结合实际，可知方形的易包装。故选D项。
39.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. finished完成；B. stored贮存；C. found找到；D. grown成长。根据前文“It’s good to eat things”以及“as close as possible to where”可知，此处在讲在合适的时间吃东西是好的，根据where推断涉及地点，结合实际，应是在靠近它们生长的地方，摘下来吃，能保持新鲜，是好的，符合题意。故选D项。
40.考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里奥给我们的是Garfagnana的味道。A. cooked烹饪；B. given给；C. bought买；D. told告诉。根据前文“It was called Mario, coming to us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，应该是马里奥给作者一家的。故选B项。
6.（2023年全国乙卷）To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she ____21____ best. She had to ___22___ her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say ____23.goodbye____ to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ____24____ waves on her board. But it was ____25.time____ to take the leap (飞跃), however ____26 heartbreaking ____ it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she ____27____ about 1,200 miles away from home, to ____28____ with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never ____29____ and everything was new to her.
As it turned out Douglas did ____30.exactly____ what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she ____31____two Russians. The Chinese coach ____32____ Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the ____33.world____, helping her skyrocket from an ____34.average____ member of the national team to the top of the sport. By ____35____ the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She ____36____ the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt ___confident___ all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karoly the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it ____38____ to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought ____39.more and more____ that she could make the London Games-and win.
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to ____40____.” And shine she did.
21. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew
22. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up
24. A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike
27. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off
28. A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train
29. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed
31. A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted
32. A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put
35. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding
36. A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led
38. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took
40. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score
【答案】21. D 22. B 24. C 27. D 28. D 29. A 31. A 32. B 35. C 36. D 38. D 40. A
【解析】21.考查动词词义辨析。句意： 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。A. tried尝试；B. thought思考；C. judged判断；D. knew知道；熟悉，了解。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“1,200 miles away from home”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas放弃她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方，故选D。
22.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A. take up从事；B. pack up整理；收拾行李；C. clean up清理；D. do up装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知，整理好她的卧室，准备离开这里，故选B。
24.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. cause引起；B. observe观察；C. ride骑；漂浮；D. strike打击。由下文“waves on her board.”可知，此处表示冲浪，ride the waves意为“冲浪”，故选C。
27.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。A. dropped out退出；B. moved on继续。C. pulled over靠边停车；D. went off离开。由下文“about 1,200 miles away from home,”可知，Gabby Douglas到了一个离家1200英里的地方，故选D.
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一位来自中国的教练一起训练。A. reason推理；B. talk谈话；C. compete竞争；D. train培训。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event”和下文“with a coach from China”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开家，由此可知，她来到这里是为了和一位来自中国的教练一起训练，故选D。
29.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。A. met遇到；见过；B. helped帮助；C. understood理解；D. needed需要。由下文“everything was new to her.”可知，一切对她来说都是全新的，所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，故选A。
31.考查动词词义辨析。句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所
需要做的一切。A. defeated打败；B. pleased使高兴；C. respected尊敬；D. assisted帮助。由上文“what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”和下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，成为了奥运冠军，故选A。
32.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. forced强迫；B. transformed转换；改造；彻底改变；C. persuaded劝说；D. put放。由下文“Douglas into one of the best gymnasts”可知，这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一，transform...into固定搭配，意为“使……变成……”，故选B。
35.考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。A. clarifying分类；B. defending打败；C. winning赢得；D. demanding要求。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.”可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，故选C。
36.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她自始至终领先于竞争对手。A. followed跟随；B. organized组织；C. watched观看；D. led带领；领先。由下文“the competition from beginning to end”可知，比赛过程中，Douglas一直领先于竞争对手，故选D。
38.考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在不久前，女子国家队联络人Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。A. viewed看待；B. appeared出现；C. mattered重要；D. took需要。由下文“to be an Olympian”可知，此处表示Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件，空处表示“需要”，故选D。
40.考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我准备好发光了”。A. shine照耀；发光；B. fly飞行；C. dance跳舞；D. score得分。由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和“And shine she did.”可知，Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人，故选A。
7.（2023年北京卷）I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even shyer , so it was surprising I’d 2 to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!
After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.
When I finally sat down to 3 , I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.
Talking kept me and my neighbours from 4 . One paragraph down; now what I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began 5 .
But when mum got home from work, I was still 6 , “Five pages! That’s impossible!”
“Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.”
......
The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could 9 they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.
2．A．nod B．point C．listen D．chat
3．A．weep B．rest C．write D．read
4．A．learning B．playing C．planning D．laughing
5．A．standing out B．flying by C．breaking up D．checking in
6．A．celebrating B．longing C．complaining D．warning
9．A．hope B．imagine C．tell D．predict
【答案】
2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 9．C
【导语】2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。A. nod点头；B. point指；C. listen听；D. chat闲聊。由下文“Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”.(现在我在付出代价——就“我为什么不应该在班里说话”写一篇五页的文章)”和“I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.”可知，布莱克老师想知道我为什么不在班里说话的原因，由此可知，当老师想让我和同学们说话时，我认为要我和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的，故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我首先说出了布莱克老师想听的理由。A. weep哭泣；B. rest休息；C. write写；D. read读。由上文“to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class””可知，此处write是同词复现，我开始写这篇五页的文章，故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈话使我和我的邻桌不能学习。A. learning学习；B. playing玩；C. planning计划；D. laughing笑。由上文“Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!”和“I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.”可知，现在我要写一篇五页的文章，那要花费我一晚上，所以说和邻桌谈话会阻止我和邻居学习，且以谈话会妨碍学习来解释，说明自己爱学习，这也是老师愿意听到的，故选A。
5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：书页开始飞逝。A. standing out突出；B. flying by飞越；飞逝；C. breaking up分手；D. checking in登记。由上文“Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.””可知，我开始写出很多内容，所以此处用fly by来说明我很快写出了很多页，故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当妈妈下班回家的时候，我仍然在抱怨，“五页！这不可能！”A. celebrating庆祝；B. longing渴望；C. complaining抱怨；D. warning警告。由下文““Five pages! That’s impossible!””可知，我认为我不可能写完这五页的内容，所以在抱怨，故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能判断出他们不是在取笑我：他们笑是因为我有能力讲一个有趣的故事。A. hope希望；B. imagine想象；C. tell告诉；看出，判断出；区分；D. predict预计。由下文“they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.”可知，我能判断出来，他们笑是因为我讲的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故选C。
8.（2023年浙江卷1月）The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 41 a unique honey harvest.
I 44 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47 . He stopped every few minutes to move the rope higher up the tree trunk.
49 .Finally , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 50 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 51 the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too early to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 53 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. ....
41．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness
44．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited
45．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked
46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
47．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing
50．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
51．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto
53．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading
【答案】
41．D 44．C 45．A 46．B 47．D 50．D 51．C 53．A
【解析】41.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我此行是见证一次独特的采蜜行动。A. share分享；B. collect收集；C. celebrate庆祝；D. witness见证；目睹。根据下文“I _______ beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.”可知，作者是跟随经验丰富的养蜂人Ziyad见证埃塞俄比亚传统的采蜜方式。故选D项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随着养蜂人走过一片广阔的草地，进入茂密的丛林。A. searched搜索；B. recognised认出；C. followed跟随；D. invited邀请。根据前文“I was on my way to _______ a unique honey harvest.”可知，作者此行是为了跟随经验丰富的养蜂人，近距离观察Ziyad如何采蜜。故选C项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用细绳把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. gathered聚集、采集；B. cleaned清除；C. dropped掉落；D. checked检查。根据下文“handfuls of damp tree leaves”可知，此处指Ziyad从丛林各处，收集一些潮湿的树叶。故选A项。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shook摇晃；B. lit点燃；点亮；C. measured测量；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“to create a torch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆扎的树叶当火把。故选B项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，将绳子的一头拴在腰间，另一头则缠绕在一棵大树的树干上。然后Ziyad开始向上攀爬。A. jumping跳；B. talking谈话；C. testing测试；D. climbing攀爬。根据“higher up the tree
trunk”可知，Ziyad要向上爬到树顶，才能采集到蜂蜜。故选D项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad坐在一节树枝上，小心翼翼地将火把靠近蜂巢，对准火把，将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小孔里。A. backed支持；B. dived跳水；C. shouted对……大声喊叫；D. inched缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often _______”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，这要求采蜜的人经验丰富，动作快慢节奏快慢结合，此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢，将烟吹入蜂巢中。故选D项。
51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几秒钟过后，他就从树干滑下，重新回到地面。A. cut off切除；B. gone up上升；C. slid down滑下；D. held onto抓牢。根据前文“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.”和后文“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad是从树顶滑下，回到地面。故选C项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：夏天凉爽的温度延误了幼虫孵化。A. hatching孵化；B. training培训；C. sowing播种；D. trading与……作交易；交换。根据“Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，此时蜜蜂宝宝较以往孵化时间更晚，尚未成年。故选A项。
9.（2022年新高考I卷）My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41 memories are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek.......So instead of tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 wind picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. ......
42．A．camped B．drove C．walked D．cycled
46．A．worked B．happened C．mattered D．changed
47．A．signed up B．calmed down C．checked out D．headed off
48．A．arranged B．interrupted C．completed D．recorded
50．A．find B．hide C．start D．fix
【答案】 42．A 46．A 47．D 48．B 50．C
【解析】42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，作者与家人在过去的十年来有着美妙的露营经历，而此处作者讲述的是其中的一次经历，他们一起在溪边露营。故选A项。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它起作用了，他最终没有掉进小溪里。A. worked起作用；B. happened发生；C. mattered事关紧要；D. changed改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek.”可知，孩子没有掉进小溪里是因为作者在密切关注着他，以防他掉下去，因此可知作者采取的这种关注小孩而不是用绳子把他绑起来的方式起作用了。故选A项。
47．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册，报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房，结账离开；D. headed off启程，出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可知，天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可知，因为风暴来临，所以作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. start启动；D. fix修理。根据下文“Nothing. He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可知，作者他们被困在湖中央，是因为马达坏了，发动不起来，因此可知作者的丈夫尝试将船启动。故选C项。
10.（2022年新高考II卷）It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully 27 their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to 28 . But house sitting also offers a level of comfort they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like 30 at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
The couple has a high 31 rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s 32 . For Jessica, that means 33 plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house 34 and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right 35 ,” she says.
27．A．plan B．explain C．compare D．complete
28．A．buy B．transport C．choose D．p动词
题型一 实义动词的考查
1.（广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Not only students but also their teacher (object) to the plan.
2.（广东省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试题） Eventually sixty-seven panda-specific protected areas _____ (represent) 70 percent of the species’ range were established.
3.（23-24高三·江苏南通·期末）Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination, impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness (involve) more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives.
4.（23-24高三·福建·期末）People (panic) and fled in all directions when they heard a deafening explosion in the street corner.
5.（23-24高三·福建·期末）The app keeps you (update) on all your favorite topics and current events.
6.（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三摸底考试）When she ___ (spot) such abandoned goods, she put a pair of eyeball-shaped stickers on them before publishing notes on her social media accounts, and guiding others to pick them up from the streets.
（23-24高三·福建·阶段练习）The secretary had no option but (resign) from the job after giving
away the secret of the company.
（23-24高三·福建·阶段练习）The (shade) areas showing us where the houses will be built can be distinguished from the surrounding areas on the map.
（2024·河北·一模）They broke my windows and (threat) me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）The Confucian Analects or The Analects (论语) is a collection of the sayings and teachings of Confucius and his disciples (门徒). It (compile) in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples took according to the answer to their questions.
题型二 系动词及情态动词的考查
1.（23-24高三·福建·开学考试）The medicine has proved somewhat effective, but further testing remains (conduct).
一Thank God! The accident was avoided after all．
一That was lucky, but ten inches nearer and the two cars ( destroy).
No sooner he arrived at the station than his friend left by train.
By the time I saw the angry expression on his face，I knew exactly what I was having to face.But not for a moment I think I should quit.
My brother took the pills for only three days before he fully recovered, so the medicine (prove) effective.
China’s deadliest earthquake in recent years (be)a 7.9 magnitude quake in 2008 that killed nearly 90, 000 people in Sichuan.
This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it （taste）delicious.
As the old saying goes,“A workman must (sharp) his tools if he is to do his work well.”
He must (pass) the exam, because he was so happy the whole day.
I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn’t (eat) so much fried chicken just now.
题型三 动词短语的考查
1．（2024·天津·二模）The US government’s immigration policy has ______ fierce debate.
A．taken off B．brought up C．built up D．set off
2．（2024·天津·模拟预测）Having separated from his family for a long time, a postcard from his parents __________ his homesickness.
A．set off B．lay aside C．provide for D．bring forward
3．（2024·天津·二模）On arriving in Athens from Marathon, the messenger whose legs collapsed on the spot, ________ the victory news and entirely exhausted himself.
A．left out B．gave out C．held out D．turned out
4．（2024·天津·模拟预测）At a recent seminar, many participants were worried about the fact that overpopulation may ______ many social security problems.
A．give ear to B．give rise to C．give place to D．give attention to
5．（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）Since Tom is good at ______ stories, I think he will be a good novelist in the future.
A．turning up B．taking up C．showing up D．making up
6．（2024·天津和平·三模）What will remain of us when artificial intelligence ______will be our creativity.
A．drops out B．takes over C．falls away D．breaks away
7．（2024·山东济南·二模）Spicy food tastes delicious, but it does not ______me
A．agree on B．agree to C．agree with D．agree at
8．（2024·山东济南·二模）— How about your life abroad
— A little hard, but I’ll try my best to ______it.
A．be busy with B．stay away from C．get used to D．look up to
9．（2024·天津·二模）Thanks to the policy of poverty alleviation, children in remote mountain areas can ______ basic education.
A．account for B．be aware of C．have access to D．be relevant to
10．（2024·山东济南·二模）A big fire ______last night. Luckily, no one was injured.
A．broke through B．broke out C．broke into D．broke away
11．（2024·天津·二模）The Smith family has been carefully __________ their adopted child since they welcomed him into their home.
A．bringing up B．telling off C．finding out D．taking in
12．（23-24高三·陕西西安·阶段练习）What disappointed him was that the opinion he had stuck ________ out impractical.
A．to turn B．to turning
C．to be turned D．to turned
13．（2024·天津北辰·三模）History has the potential to ______ those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.
A．set aside B．keep off C．break down D．take back
14．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）As the sun began to rise, a deep sense of well-being __________ me. I suddenly felt full of hope and energy again.
A．hung over B．fell over C．turned over D．washed over
15．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）If you don’t find a job soon, you may __________ begging on the streets.
A．wind up B．dry up C．pack up D．set up
16．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）I was pleased, of course —adoptions were always what __________ my soul
—but I chalked it up to a lucky break for one black kitten.
A．snuggled B．throbbed C．highlighted D．nourished
17．（23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习）He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of at a hotel for the night.
A．putting down B．putting up C．putting away D．putting out
18．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）What will remain of us when artificial intelligence will be our creativity.
A．takes over B．drops out C．falls away D．breaks away
19．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）Some of these non-native fish escaped into other waterways. They can bully ecosystems, quickly ________.
A．switching off B．taking over C．bouncing around D．turning up
20．（23-24·广东深圳·阶段练习）Jasper has________ “No Parking” signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.
A．put on B．put down C．put out D．put up
题型 语法填空
Passage 1（2024·浙江·高考真题）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 1 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 3 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 4 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 5 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 6 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 7 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 8 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 9 other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 10 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
Passage 2 （23-24高三·上海·阶段练习）
OpenAI publishes Elon Musk’s emails. ‘We’re sad that it’s come to this’
OpenAI fired back at Elon Musk, who sued the ChatGPT company last week for chasing profit and 11 (diverge) from its original, nonprofit mission. Tuesday night, OpenAI published several of Musk’s emails from the early days of the company that appear to show Musk acknowledging OpenAI needed to make a ton of money to fund the incredible computing resources needed to power 12 AI ambitions.
In the emails, parts of 13 have been redacted (修订), Musk argues that the company stood virtually no chance of building a successful generative AI platform by raising cash alone, and the company needed to find alternate sources of revenue to survive.
In a November 22, 2015, email to CEO Sam Altman, Musk, an OpenAI co-founder, said the company needed to raise much more than $100 million to “avoid sounding hopeless.” Musk suggested a $1 billion funding commitment and promised that he would cover 14 did not get raised.
OpenAI in a blog post Tuesday night said Musk never followed through on his promise, 15 (commit) $45 million in funding for OpenAI, 16 other donors raised $90 million. Lawyers for Musk declined to comment on OpenAI’s claims.
Musk, in a February 1, 2018, email, told company executives that the only path forward for OpenAI was for Tesla, his electric car company, to buy it. The company refused, and Musk left OpenAI later that year.
In December 2018, Musk emailed Altman and other executives that OpenAI would not be relevant “ 17 a dramatic change in execution and resources.”
“This needs billions per year immediately or forget it,” Musk emailed. “I really hope I’m wrong.”
OpenAI executives agreed. In 2019, they formed OpenAI LP, a for-profit entity that exists within the larger company’s structure. That for-profit company took OpenAI from effectively worthless to a valuation of $90 billion in just a few years — and Altman 18 (credit) as the mastermind of that plan and the key to the company’s success.
Microsoft has since committed $13 billion in a close partnership with OpenAI.
Musk’s complaint, 19 (file) last week in California state court, said that company and its partnership with Microsoft violated OpenAI’s founding charter, representing a breach of contract. Musk is asking for a jury trial and for the company 20 (pay) back the profit they received from the business.
Passage 3 （23-24高三·广东·阶段练习）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
CRRC, a leading manufacturer of railway vehicles globally, has officially unveiled its latest addition to the intercity smart train family — the Cinova 2.0, at 21 event held in Qingdao, China. This significant milestone marks the 22 (begin) of a new era in intercity rail travel, as the train represents a leap forward in terms of technology and passenger comfort.
The train was independently developed and manufactured by CRRC． What sets the Cinova 2.0 apart from its predecessors (前代产品) is the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) and digital twins. These technologies provide intelligent solutions that enhance the safety, 23 (efficient), and promising passenger experience of the train.
The ADAS, for instance, 24 (utility) a suite of sensors and cameras to provide the driver with real-time information about the train's surroundings and operating conditions. This allows for safer and 25 (smooth) navigation, even in complex urban environments. Meanwhile, the digital twins technology creates a virtual replica (复制品) of the train and its operating environment, 26 can be used to simulate various scenarios (情景) and test new operational strategies, 27 affecting the actual train.
The new model is an 28 (upgrade) version of the Cinova 1.0 intercity train, which featured characteristics suited for intercity operations such as fast start and stop times, efficient boarding and a large capacity. The Cinova 2.0 has these same design qualities while also integrating intelligent 29 (technology) like 5G, big data and cloud computing. This intelligent train, with its advanced technologies and exceptional performance, is ready to 30 (revolution) the way people travel between cities, making it safer, more efficient, and more sustainable.
1.（2024年新高考I卷完形填空）I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievement s all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running _regularly_, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my __achievement___ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only __reason__ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
So I ____47____ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ____48____ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ____49____ her bike and went for a ride. ......That day, I got ____52____ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as _appealing__.
I’ve ____54____ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever __goals__ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with
48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved
49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked
52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped
54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried
2.（2024年浙江卷1月完形填空） A young Chinese man ____22____ me on the train. My __new___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the __chance__ to practice my Chinese.
Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had ____25____ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ____26____ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most _remarkable_, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ____28____ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American _writers__ as a whole. ”And what do you all learn about Russian authors ” I ____30____ him asking at one point.
It would have been easy to ____31____ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ____self-educated
___ , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ____33____ me just how much one can gain from ____34____ with an open mind, and a willingness to ____35____ with locals from all walks of life.
22. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached
25. A. visited B. financed C. attended D. founded
26. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding
28. A. publish B. quote C. сорy D. download
30. A anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch
31. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with
33. A. asked B. warned C. showed D. promised
34. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching
35. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage
3.（2023年新高考I卷）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her __delay_ came because she was carrying a _ competitor_ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her _race__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get _medical_ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme __pain__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more _confused___ about why her act is considered a big __deal_. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
......
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
4.（2023年新高考II卷）It just ___24___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___25___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___26___ Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very _nervous_. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __hard__ for him, having to leave his dog to a __stranger_ and trust that everything would _____30_____.
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me _____31_____ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and _____32_____ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was __uneventful__, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she _____34_____ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so ___thankful____ and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
24. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed
25. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed
26. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up
30. A. speed up B. work out C. come back D. take off
31. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load
32. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve
34. A. returned B. fought C. flew D. agreed
5.（2023年全国甲卷）Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we ___21___ there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike ___22___ its way down the hill toward us. It was _neighbor_ called Mario, coming to ___24_ us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine....... These can’t be any _good__, we thought. But we were __ thankful for__ his kindness, so we ___30___ them.
...... Nowadays supermarket tomatoes ___34___ perfect but taste of water.It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can ___36___ them easily.......
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re ___38___, and as close as possible to where they were ___39___. What Mario had ___40___ us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
21. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed
22. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling
24. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show
30. A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed
34. A. smell B. look C. become D. work
36. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack
39. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown
40. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told
6.（2023年全国乙卷）To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she ____21____ best. She had to ___22___ her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say ____23.goodbye____ to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ____24____ waves on her board. But it was ____25.time____ to take the leap (飞跃), however ____26 heartbreaking ____ it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she ____27____ about 1,200 miles away from home, to ____28____ with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never ____29____ and everything was new to her.
As it turned out Douglas did ____30.exactly____ what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she ____31____two Russians. The Chinese coach ____32____ Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the ____33.world____, helping her skyrocket from an ____34.average____ member of the national team to the top of the sport. By ____35____ the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She ____36____ the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt ___confident___ all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karoly the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it ____38____ to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought ____39.more and more____ that she could make the London Games-and win.
“I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to ____40____.” And shine she did.
21. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew
22. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up
24. A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike
27. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off
28. A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train
29. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed
31. A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted
32. A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put
35. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding
36. A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led
38. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took
40. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score
7.（2023年北京卷）I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even shyer , so it was
surprising I’d 2 to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!
After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.
When I finally sat down to 3 , I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.
Talking kept me and my neighbours from 4 . One paragraph down; now what I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began 5 .
But when mum got home from work, I was still 6 , “Five pages! That’s impossible!”
“Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.”
......
The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could 9 they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story.
2．A．nod B．point C．listen D．chat
3．A．weep B．rest C．write D．read
4．A．learning B．playing C．planning D．laughing
5．A．standing out B．flying by C．breaking up D．checking in
6．A．celebrating B．longing C．complaining D．warning
9．A．hope B．imagine C．tell D．predict
8.（2023年浙江卷1月）The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 41 a unique honey harvest.
I 44 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He 45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47 . He stopped every few minutes to move the rope higher up the tree trunk.
49 .Finally , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 50 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d 51 the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too early to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 53 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. ....
41．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness
44．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited
45．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked
46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
47．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing
50．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
51．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto
53．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading
9.（2022年新高考I卷）My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41 memories are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek.......So instead of tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 wind picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. ......
42．A．camped B．drove C．walked D．cycled
46．A．worked B．happened C．mattered D．changed
47．A．signed up B．calmed down C．checked out D．headed off
48．A．arranged B．interrupted C．completed D．recorded
50．A．find B．hide C．start D．fix
10.（2022年新高考II卷）It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully 27 their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to 28 . But house sitting also offers a level of comfort they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like 30 at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
The couple has a high 31 rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s 32 . For Jessica, that means 33 plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house 34 and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right 35 ,” she says.
27．A．plan B．explain C．compare D．complete
28．A．buy B．transport C．choose D．please
30．A．cooking B．staying C．waiting D．studying
31．A．success B．survival C．growth D．unemployment
32．A．budget B．abilities C．expectations D．understanding
33．A．admiring B．donating C．sending D．borrowing
34．A．clean B．open C．simple D．empty
35．A．guess B．decision C．response D．impression
