2025届高三英语二轮复习导学案-英语阅读理解微技能：阅读长难句（含答案）
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高考英语阅读理解微技能：Reading Long and Difficult Sentences
Part 1 Core Parts of a Sentence
Every sentence has two core parts that express the essential thought or basic meaning of the
sentence:
1. the part that tells who or what the sentence is about.
2. the part that tells what is being said about the “who or what” of the sentence.
In order to understand a sentence you must be able to answer at least two basic questions:
1. Who or what is the sentence about This is the subject.
2. What is being said about the subject This is the predicate.
Part 2 Multiple Subjects and Verbs
Sometimes there may be more than one subject in a sentence. For example:
1. Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water.
2. Hardness and color are properties used to identify rocks.
3. Hardness, color, luster, weight, taste, and radioactivity are properties used to identify rocks.
There is no limit to the number of subjects a sentence can have. What is important for you as a reader is to find all of the subjects and all of the verbs in the essential thought.
4. Venus and Mars can be seen by telescope and thus have been carefully studied.
The essential thought of this sentence is: Venus and Mars can be seen and have been studied.
5. After the morning ball game and before the evening campfire, Jack and Jill went slowly up the hill and fetched a large pail of cool and clean water to be used in cooking the meal for the family reunion to be held that afternoon at the park by the lake where many people watched fireworks on the Fourth of July.
The essential thought is _______________________________________________________
The rest of the sentence tells more about when, where, why, and how they went and more about the pail they fetched. So you can see that in addition to the essential thought a sentence will have parts that might answer such questions as: When How Why Where
Part 3 Compound sentences & Complex sentences
Sentences that have two essential thoughts joined by a coordinating conjunction are called
compound sentences. A coordinating conjunction plus a comma signal the reader to look for two essential thoughts.
Coordinating conjunctions: for, nor, yet, and, or, so, but
Examples:
1. Parents know that commercials are sometimes exaggerated, but children often believe
everything they see.
In this sentence there are two essential thoughts: Parents know & children believe
2. The planet Mars is farther away from the sun, so it has a lower temperature than Earth.
In this sentence there are two essential thoughts: the planet Mars is farther away & it has a lower temperature
Sentences with an independent clauses and a dependent clauses are called complex sentences.
What is important for the reader is to recognize that tow thoughts are expressed and that one
thought is more important than the other. The other thought is not unimportant; it is just less
important.
The following words are often used to introduce less important thoughts:
after, before, until, as, when, whenever, once, although, though, even though / if, while, since, as, because, if, unless…
Exercise 1
In the following sentences draw a line under the more important thought.
1. Because it contains caffeine, a cup of coffee can raise your heart and breathing rates and your blood pressure.
2. Coffee can irritate the stomach lining if it is taken on an empty stomach.
3. Even though coffee can stimulate you mentally and physically, large does can make you restless and jittery.
4. Although questions have been raised concerning the effect of caffeine on the developing fetus, no association has been established between the pregnant woman’s intake of coffee and effects on the baby.
5. While some of the official programs report impressive success rates, many people break the
smoking habit on their own.
6. Once nicotine is withdrawn, the person may experience irritability, depression, and anxiety, as you know only too well if you’ve ever tried to stop smoking.
7. Since smoking is psychologically addictive, you must first have the desire to quit.
8. You should substitute a physical activity such as taking a short walk whenever you feel the urge to smoke.
9. Some people brush their teeth when they want a cigarette because brushing freshens the mouth so that the urge to smoke is decreased.
10. After you quit smoking, you will be surprised that you ever wanted to smoke.
Part 4 Long and difficult sentences
Although there is no easy formula that will help you to arrive at an understanding of a difficult sentence, you should keep the following in mind.
4.1.1 Try to determine what makes the sentence difficult.
4.1.2 Learn to recognize the important grammatical and punctuation clues which can change the meanings of a sentence.
1. Look for words and affixes which can change the entire meaning of a sentence.
Example: Summery weather is not uncommon.
2. Look for key words that tell you the relationship within a sentence.
Example 1: The school has grown from a small building holding 200 students to a large institute which educates 4,000 students a year.
Example 2: Many critics have proclaimed Doris Lessing as not only the best writer of the postwar generation, but also a penetrating analyst of human affairs.
Example 3: In order to graduate on time, you will need to take five courses each semester or
term.
Example 4: The West had sent armies to capture and hold Jerusalem, instead, they themselves fell victims to new ideas and subtle influence.
Exercise 2
1. What is the most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which makes Mrs.
Richards anything but common.
According to the statement, what kind of person is Mrs. Richards
A. She is very obvious. B. She is anything she wants to be.
C. She is an unusual person. D. She is quite ordinary
2. I have been trying to reason with Tom for over an hour; I might as well have been talking to a blank wall. According to this sentence, _______.
A. Tom listens quietly and attentively to my reasons
B. I am actually talking to a deaf-mute
C. Tom listens to me, but he does not respond
D. my words have no effect on him
3. Every man has a right to his opinion. However foolish an opinion may seem, we should allow it to be expressed, and should not take offence because others do not think as we do.
Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. You are supposed to express the opinion of others.
B. A man should not be angry when someone expresses an opinion contrary to his.
C. A foolish opinion has no right to be expressed.
D. One who easily becomes angry at the opinions others express has no right to his opinion.
4. If we wish to achieve a common goal, we should combine our strengths and efforts to bring
about the desired result.
Here we are talking about ______.
A. competition B. co-operation C. championship D. victory
5. Laws limit our freedom so that the freedom of each citizen is protected. As long as our actions do not hurt others, we are free to act, speak and worship as we please.
A. Laws are designed to protect our freedom.
B. When our actions hurt others, the laws will protect our freedom.
C. You may act as you please because laws limit your freedom.
D. Laws limit our freedom, so they are not beneficial to us.
6. The dread or fear of death is as strong among young adults as among the elderly, and it does not seem to be reduced by any thought of religious faith, including the belief that there is life after death. According to the author, the fear of death _______.
A. decreases as we get older
B. decreases as we get older
C. exists, irrespective of age or belief
D. becomes smaller as we know more about it
7. The parents have to practice what they preach. Children are influenced by what you are much more than by what you say. If they see you try to buy things without pay or hear you lie about their ages to get them into the movies at half price, they are going to discount all your talk about morality. According to this sentence, parents should_______.
A. do what they say
B. say what they see
C. often talk to their children about morality
D. often take their children to the movies
8. Some parents send their children to school for no other reason than because they would
otherwise have to look after them all day. This sentence implies _______.
A. some parents realize the importance of education
B. some parents do not love their children at all
C. some parents themselves are uneducated
D. some parents think that looking after children is a burden or troublesome thing
9. When one is young, he learns fast, he is sincere and tends to be daring. But he is also
unfortunate to succeed while young. He is likely to become arrogant, grow immodest, and
impatient. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. A young man should be reminded not to be daring.
B. Young people have both strong points and weak points.
C. Modesty and patience lead to a young man’s success.
D. When one succeeds while young, he is apt or likely to become angry.
10. There is no denying that the telephone is very necessary to modern life. But personally I can get along quite well without it. I don’t like to have my precious existence disturbed by a
telephone. In my opinion the telephone does not do so much good as harm.
According to the author’s viewpoint, _______.
A. the telephone is very necessary to his life
B. the telephone is a troublesome thing
C. the telephone is not much so harmful as beneficial
D. it is impossible for him to get along without a telephone
11.Tom should have known better when he asked her to go out with him, her parents being so very old-fashioned.
According to this sentence, ________.
Tom did not ask her to go out with him because he did not know her better than he actually did.
B. knowing that she should not go out with him anyway since her parents were old fashioned Tom did not ask her.
C. she refused to go out with Tom.
D. she went out with Tom in spite of her parents’ strong objection.
12.A general feature of modern society is the gap that separates the adult from the young, and it is most painfully felt between parents and children.
In the sentence above, we are talking about the gap between ________.
A.families B.society C.parents D.generations
13.Ending air pollution is not going to be cheap. However, since many scientists tell us that a normal, healthy person can live about five weeks without food, and five days without water, but only five minutes without air, it may be well worth the price. According to the sentences, ________.
A、we can lower the price of food by going without it for five weeks
B、a lot of money can be saved because man can live five weeks without food
C、ending air pollution is expensive, but it may be worth the money that we have to spend on it, because clean air is so important to us
D、that a person can live five weeks without food shows how healthy people are
14.No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses. According to the sentences, ________.
A、in spite of our good taste, we still may be forced by advertisements to buy what we do not want
B、our good taste will guide us to buy the things we want despite advertisements
C、advertisements have often neglected human nature
D、advertisers tend to overlook our little weaknesses
15.Dr. Drew has a younger brother and a couple of sisters, older than he is. Including Dr. Drew and his parents, how many members are there in his family
A、Three
B、Six
C、Four
D、Five
16.As there are so many laws, probably no one knows all of them. Consequently, it may happen that a man violates a law without knowing it. In such a case, his ignorance of the law does not excuse him from getting punished. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A、A man without the knowledge of laws can’t be excused from punishment if he violates them.
B、One who does not know laws should be punished.
C、If someone knows all of the laws, he can be excused from getting punished.
D、If one is ignorant of the laws, he won’t violate them.
17.The Tao Yuan International Airport, now being built, is one of our ten major construction projects. In view of our increasing tourist business, the importance of the new airport cannot be overemphasized. According to the sentences, ________.
A、the new international airport must be completed as soon as possible
B、the new international airport is extremely important to our increasing tourist business
C、building a new international airport is the most important of our ten major construction projects
D、we should not overemphasize the importance of the new international airport
18.However hard you may try, things will not always go your way. When you really fail in something important, you can often learn much from his failure. Perhaps you did not plan your time properly. Perhaps you expected too much of yourself. The sentences above imply that _________.
A、Failure is the mother of success
B、those who try hard will surely succeed
C、those who do not try hard will never succeed
D、the higher one climbs, the lower one falls
19.Some parents send their children to school for no other reason than because they would otherwise have to look after them all day. This sentence implies _________.
A、some parents realize the importance of education
B、some parents do not love their children at all
C、some parents themselves are uneducated
D、some parents think that looking after children is a burden or troublesome thing
Answers
Exercise 1
In the following sentences draw a line under the more important thought.
1. Because it contains caffeine, a cup of coffee can raise your heart and breathing rates and your blood pressure.
2. Coffee can irritate the stomach lining if it is taken on an empty stomach.
3. Even though coffee can stimulate you mentally and physically, large does can make you restless and jittery.
4. Although questions have been raised concerning the effect of caffeine on the developing fetus, no association has been established between the pregnant woman’s intake of coffee and effects on the baby.
5. While some of the official programs report impressive success rates, many people break the
smoking habit on their own.
6. Once nicotine is withdrawn, the person may experience irritability, depression, and anxiety, as you know only too well if you’ve ever tried to stop smoking.
7. Since smoking is psychologically addictive, you must first have the desire to quit.
8. You should substitute a physical activity such as taking a short walk whenever you feel the urge to smoke.
9. Some people brush their teeth when they want a cigarette because brushing freshens the mouth so that the urge to smoke is decreased.
10. After you quit smoking, you will be surprised that you ever wanted to smoke.
Exercise 2
1-5 CCBBA 6-10 CADBB 11-15 CDCAB 16-19 ABAD
Part 1 Core Parts of a Sentence
Every sentence has two core parts that express the essential thought or basic meaning of the
sentence:
1. the part that tells who or what the sentence is about.
2. the part that tells what is being said about the “who or what” of the sentence.
In order to understand a sentence you must be able to answer at least two basic questions:
1. Who or what is the sentence about This is the subject.
2. What is being said about the subject This is the predicate.
Part 2 Multiple Subjects and Verbs
Sometimes there may be more than one subject in a sentence. For example:
1. Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water.
2. Hardness and color are properties used to identify rocks.
3. Hardness, color, luster, weight, taste, and radioactivity are properties used to identify rocks.
There is no limit to the number of subjects a sentence can have. What is important for you as a reader is to find all of the subjects and all of the verbs in the essential thought.
4. Venus and Mars can be seen by telescope and thus have been carefully studied.
The essential thought of this sentence is: Venus and Mars can be seen and have been studied.
5. After the morning ball game and before the evening campfire, Jack and Jill went slowly up the hill and fetched a large pail of cool and clean water to be used in cooking the meal for the family reunion to be held that afternoon at the park by the lake where many people watched fireworks on the Fourth of July.
The essential thought is _______________________________________________________
The rest of the sentence tells more about when, where, why, and how they went and more about the pail they fetched. So you can see that in addition to the essential thought a sentence will have parts that might answer such questions as: When How Why Where
Part 3 Compound sentences & Complex sentences
Sentences that have two essential thoughts joined by a coordinating conjunction are called
compound sentences. A coordinating conjunction plus a comma signal the reader to look for two essential thoughts.
Coordinating conjunctions: for, nor, yet, and, or, so, but
Examples:
1. Parents know that commercials are sometimes exaggerated, but children often believe
everything they see.
In this sentence there are two essential thoughts: Parents know & children believe
2. The planet Mars is farther away from the sun, so it has a lower temperature than Earth.
In this sentence there are two essential thoughts: the planet Mars is farther away & it has a lower temperature
Sentences with an independent clauses and a dependent clauses are called complex sentences.
What is important for the reader is to recognize that tow thoughts are expressed and that one
thought is more important than the other. The other thought is not unimportant; it is just less
important.
The following words are often used to introduce less important thoughts:
after, before, until, as, when, whenever, once, although, though, even though / if, while, since, as, because, if, unless…
Exercise 1
In the following sentences draw a line under the more important thought.
1. Because it contains caffeine, a cup of coffee can raise your heart and breathing rates and your blood pressure.
2. Coffee can irritate the stomach lining if it is taken on an empty stomach.
3. Even though coffee can stimulate you mentally and physically, large does can make you restless and jittery.
4. Although questions have been raised concerning the effect of caffeine on the developing fetus, no association has been established between the pregnant woman’s intake of coffee and effects on the baby.
5. While some of the official programs report impressive success rates, many people break the
smoking habit on their own.
6. Once nicotine is withdrawn, the person may experience irritability, depression, and anxiety, as you know only too well if you’ve ever tried to stop smoking.
7. Since smoking is psychologically addictive, you must first have the desire to quit.
8. You should substitute a physical activity such as taking a short walk whenever you feel the urge to smoke.
9. Some people brush their teeth when they want a cigarette because brushing freshens the mouth so that the urge to smoke is decreased.
10. After you quit smoking, you will be surprised that you ever wanted to smoke.
Part 4 Long and difficult sentences
Although there is no easy formula that will help you to arrive at an understanding of a difficult sentence, you should keep the following in mind.
4.1.1 Try to determine what makes the sentence difficult.
4.1.2 Learn to recognize the important grammatical and punctuation clues which can change the meanings of a sentence.
1. Look for words and affixes which can change the entire meaning of a sentence.
Example: Summery weather is not uncommon.
2. Look for key words that tell you the relationship within a sentence.
Example 1: The school has grown from a small building holding 200 students to a large institute which educates 4,000 students a year.
Example 2: Many critics have proclaimed Doris Lessing as not only the best writer of the postwar generation, but also a penetrating analyst of human affairs.
Example 3: In order to graduate on time, you will need to take five courses each semester or
term.
Example 4: The West had sent armies to capture and hold Jerusalem, instead, they themselves fell victims to new ideas and subtle influence.
Exercise 2
1. What is the most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which makes Mrs.
Richards anything but common.
According to the statement, what kind of person is Mrs. Richards
A. She is very obvious. B. She is anything she wants to be.
C. She is an unusual person. D. She is quite ordinary
2. I have been trying to reason with Tom for over an hour; I might as well have been talking to a blank wall. According to this sentence, _______.
A. Tom listens quietly and attentively to my reasons
B. I am actually talking to a deaf-mute
C. Tom listens to me, but he does not respond
D. my words have no effect on him
3. Every man has a right to his opinion. However foolish an opinion may seem, we should allow it to be expressed, and should not take offence because others do not think as we do.
Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. You are supposed to express the opinion of others.
B. A man should not be angry when someone expresses an opinion contrary to his.
C. A foolish opinion has no right to be expressed.
D. One who easily becomes angry at the opinions others express has no right to his opinion.
4. If we wish to achieve a common goal, we should combine our strengths and efforts to bring
about the desired result.
Here we are talking about ______.
A. competition B. co-operation C. championship D. victory
5. Laws limit our freedom so that the freedom of each citizen is protected. As long as our actions do not hurt others, we are free to act, speak and worship as we please.
A. Laws are designed to protect our freedom.
B. When our actions hurt others, the laws will protect our freedom.
C. You may act as you please because laws limit your freedom.
D. Laws limit our freedom, so they are not beneficial to us.
6. The dread or fear of death is as strong among young adults as among the elderly, and it does not seem to be reduced by any thought of religious faith, including the belief that there is life after death. According to the author, the fear of death _______.
A. decreases as we get older
B. decreases as we get older
C. exists, irrespective of age or belief
D. becomes smaller as we know more about it
7. The parents have to practice what they preach. Children are influenced by what you are much more than by what you say. If they see you try to buy things without pay or hear you lie about their ages to get them into the movies at half price, they are going to discount all your talk about morality. According to this sentence, parents should_______.
A. do what they say
B. say what they see
C. often talk to their children about morality
D. often take their children to the movies
8. Some parents send their children to school for no other reason than because they would
otherwise have to look after them all day. This sentence implies _______.
A. some parents realize the importance of education
B. some parents do not love their children at all
C. some parents themselves are uneducated
D. some parents think that looking after children is a burden or troublesome thing
9. When one is young, he learns fast, he is sincere and tends to be daring. But he is also
unfortunate to succeed while young. He is likely to become arrogant, grow immodest, and
impatient. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A. A young man should be reminded not to be daring.
B. Young people have both strong points and weak points.
C. Modesty and patience lead to a young man’s success.
D. When one succeeds while young, he is apt or likely to become angry.
10. There is no denying that the telephone is very necessary to modern life. But personally I can get along quite well without it. I don’t like to have my precious existence disturbed by a
telephone. In my opinion the telephone does not do so much good as harm.
According to the author’s viewpoint, _______.
A. the telephone is very necessary to his life
B. the telephone is a troublesome thing
C. the telephone is not much so harmful as beneficial
D. it is impossible for him to get along without a telephone
11.Tom should have known better when he asked her to go out with him, her parents being so very old-fashioned.
According to this sentence, ________.
Tom did not ask her to go out with him because he did not know her better than he actually did.
B. knowing that she should not go out with him anyway since her parents were old fashioned Tom did not ask her.
C. she refused to go out with Tom.
D. she went out with Tom in spite of her parents’ strong objection.
12.A general feature of modern society is the gap that separates the adult from the young, and it is most painfully felt between parents and children.
In the sentence above, we are talking about the gap between ________.
A.families B.society C.parents D.generations
13.Ending air pollution is not going to be cheap. However, since many scientists tell us that a normal, healthy person can live about five weeks without food, and five days without water, but only five minutes without air, it may be well worth the price. According to the sentences, ________.
A、we can lower the price of food by going without it for five weeks
B、a lot of money can be saved because man can live five weeks without food
C、ending air pollution is expensive, but it may be worth the money that we have to spend on it, because clean air is so important to us
D、that a person can live five weeks without food shows how healthy people are
14.No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses. According to the sentences, ________.
A、in spite of our good taste, we still may be forced by advertisements to buy what we do not want
B、our good taste will guide us to buy the things we want despite advertisements
C、advertisements have often neglected human nature
D、advertisers tend to overlook our little weaknesses
15.Dr. Drew has a younger brother and a couple of sisters, older than he is. Including Dr. Drew and his parents, how many members are there in his family
A、Three
B、Six
C、Four
D、Five
16.As there are so many laws, probably no one knows all of them. Consequently, it may happen that a man violates a law without knowing it. In such a case, his ignorance of the law does not excuse him from getting punished. Which of the following statements is TRUE
A、A man without the knowledge of laws can’t be excused from punishment if he violates them.
B、One who does not know laws should be punished.
C、If someone knows all of the laws, he can be excused from getting punished.
D、If one is ignorant of the laws, he won’t violate them.
17.The Tao Yuan International Airport, now being built, is one of our ten major construction projects. In view of our increasing tourist business, the importance of the new airport cannot be overemphasized. According to the sentences, ________.
A、the new international airport must be completed as soon as possible
B、the new international airport is extremely important to our increasing tourist business
C、building a new international airport is the most important of our ten major construction projects
D、we should not overemphasize the importance of the new international airport
18.However hard you may try, things will not always go your way. When you really fail in something important, you can often learn much from his failure. Perhaps you did not plan your time properly. Perhaps you expected too much of yourself. The sentences above imply that _________.
A、Failure is the mother of success
B、those who try hard will surely succeed
C、those who do not try hard will never succeed
D、the higher one climbs, the lower one falls
19.Some parents send their children to school for no other reason than because they would otherwise have to look after them all day. This sentence implies _________.
A、some parents realize the importance of education
B、some parents do not love their children at all
C、some parents themselves are uneducated
D、some parents think that looking after children is a burden or troublesome thing
Answers
Exercise 1
In the following sentences draw a line under the more important thought.
1. Because it contains caffeine, a cup of coffee can raise your heart and breathing rates and your blood pressure.
2. Coffee can irritate the stomach lining if it is taken on an empty stomach.
3. Even though coffee can stimulate you mentally and physically, large does can make you restless and jittery.
4. Although questions have been raised concerning the effect of caffeine on the developing fetus, no association has been established between the pregnant woman’s intake of coffee and effects on the baby.
5. While some of the official programs report impressive success rates, many people break the
smoking habit on their own.
6. Once nicotine is withdrawn, the person may experience irritability, depression, and anxiety, as you know only too well if you’ve ever tried to stop smoking.
7. Since smoking is psychologically addictive, you must first have the desire to quit.
8. You should substitute a physical activity such as taking a short walk whenever you feel the urge to smoke.
9. Some people brush their teeth when they want a cigarette because brushing freshens the mouth so that the urge to smoke is decreased.
10. After you quit smoking, you will be surprised that you ever wanted to smoke.
Exercise 2
1-5 CCBBA 6-10 CADBB 11-15 CDCAB 16-19 ABAD