2025届高考英语二轮复习英语语法基本概念（十大词类；句子成分；基本句型；句子类型）课件(共27张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语二轮复习英语语法基本概念（十大词类；句子成分；基本句型；句子类型）课件(共27张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-07-14 13:38:09 | ||
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(共27张PPT)
英语语法基本概念
十大词类、句子成分、基本句型、句子类型
制作：吴明科
PART 01
十大词类
句子都是由单词组成的。英语单词根据词类或词性(Parts of Speech)可分为：
实词
Notionat Word
名词 Noun
代词 Pronoun
动词 Verb
形容词 Adjective
副词 Adverb
数词 Numeral
虚词
Form Word
冠词 Article
介词 Preposition
连词 Conjunction
感叹词 Interjection
PART 02
句子成分
必须有的句子成分：
主语(subject) 谓语(predicate)
可以有的句子成分：
宾语(object) 定语(attribute)
状语(adverbial) 补语(complement)
表语(predicative) 同位语(appositive)
No. 1 主语
1. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（ ）
2. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（ ）
3. The rich should help the poor.（ ）
4. What benefits most to their study is reading English books.
( )
5. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. （ ）
6.Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people.
（ ）
7. It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline（ ）
数词
不定式
名词化的形容词
主语从句
名词
动名词短语
it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式
round out 使变圆；使更完美；圆满结束
His face seemed to have rounded out.
His father insisted that he went to university to round out his education.
Chocolate cake rounded out the meal.
No. 2 谓语
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. （ ）
复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.
（ ）
（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：
Food became easier to chew at this point. ( )
实义动词
情态动词+实义动词
系动词
拓展：系动词(6大类别）
状态系动词：用来表示主语状态的只有be动词
感官系动词：主要有feel、smell、sound、taste......
表象系动词：表示外观的概念主要有seem、appear、look......
终止系动词：表示主语结束了动作，主要有prove、turn out...... 表示“证实”、“成为”的意思。
持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或维持某种情况或态度，主要有keep、remain、stay、lie、stand......
变化系动词：表示主语是怎样的，主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come、run......
1. Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to ...”（ ）
2. I’d appreciate it if you take my invitation into consideration.
（ ）
3. ...，drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. （ ）
4. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. （ ）
5. How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（ ）
6. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（ ）
7. He pretended not to see me.（ ）
No. 3 宾语
名词
代词it作形式宾语，if引导的条件状从为真正的宾语
动名词短语
宾语从句
数词
名词化的形容词
不定式短语
1. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance. （ ）
2. Food became easier to chew at this point. （ ）
3. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning....（ ）
4. Needless to say, they were deeply moved.（ ）
5. My dream is to become an English teacher.( )
6. His hobby is playing football.（ ）
7. The truth is that he has never been abroad.（ ）
No. 4 表语
介词短语
形容词
方位副词
过去分词
不定式
动名词
表语从句
No. 5 定语
1. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax.（ ）
2. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
（ ）
3. Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK.
（ ）
4. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.
（ ）
5. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
（ ）
名词，过去分词，形容词
定语从句
介词短语作后置定语
代词，介词
代词，不定式，代词，现在分词
动名词VS现在分词
虽然现在分词与动名词的格式完成相同，但它们在句子中的作用却是有明显的区别的。
1. 动名词相当于名词，所以在句子中可以充当的成分与名词类似，即主要充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。而现在分词的作用类似于副词和形容词，在句子主要充当状语、定语、补语、表语等。
Hearing the noise, they immediately stopped talking. 一听到有声音，他们立刻就停止谈话。(现在分词作状语)
He asked an embarrassing question. 他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(现在分词作定语)
Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。 (动名词作主语）
She like talking very much. 她很喜欢讲话。 (动名词作宾语）
1. Additionally from time to time I will assign group work to be completed ..（ ）
2. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.（ ）
No. 6 状语
副词
让步状语从句
No. 7 补语
1. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.（ ）
2. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.（ ）
3. Beijing will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. （ ）
形容词作宾补
名词短语作宾补
过去分词短语作宾补
No. 8 同位语
1.This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. （ ）
2. The news that Premier Li Keqiang passed away on Oct.27 made Chinese people deeply sad. （ ）
名词
同位语从句
PART 03
简单句的五种基本句型
动作（动词）
1. 可以独立完成的动作
Michael sleeps.
主语+不及物动词
2. 有1个动作的承受者
Michael likes you.
主语+ 及物动词+宾语
3. 有2个动作的承受者
I teach you English.
主语+双及物动词+间宾+直宾
4. 有1个动作的承受者（但需补充）
单
I consider you smart.
主语+复杂及物动词+宾语+宾补
5. 非“动作”
Michael is in the room.
连系动词
Michael is tall.
主语+系动词+表语
SV
SVO
SVOO
SVOC
SVP
Michael looks tall.
Five basic patterns of sentences
Subject + Verb(SV)
Michael sleeps.
Subject + Verb + Predicative(SVP)
Michael likes you.
Subject + Verb + Object (SVO)
I teach you English.
Subject + Verb + Indirect object+ Direct object(SVOO)
I consider you smart.
Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement (SVOC)
Michael is tall.
PART 04
句子类型
按句子的结构可分三种：
1. 简单句(Simple Sentence)
2. 并列句(Compound Sentence)
3. 复合句(Complex Sentence)
简单句(Simple Sentence)
一个主语+一个谓语
He often reads English in the morning.
He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School.
Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.
并列句(Compound Sentence)
≥2个简单句，由并列连词或分号连接
用分号：
We fished all day; we didn’t catch a thing.
用并列连词：
（but, or, yet, so, for, and, nor [记忆口诀：boy’s fan ]）
Fields have eyes, and woods have ears. 隔墙有耳。
复合句(Complex Sentence)
主句+从句（≥1）
主句：独立存在&完整意思
从句：依附主句&充当一个句子成分的分句，由连词、
关系代词或关系副词引导
用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等
Mary told me that she visited the Great Wall last year.
只有一个主谓结构
一个主句+
一个（以上）从句
两个或两个以上的简单句
英语语法作用：
造句
长句子
短句子
（简单句）
拆分
组合
简单句：
什么 + 怎么样
（主语）
（谓语）
人/物
动作/发生了什么事
动词
Verb
谓语动词
Sentence elements
按说话人说话的目的可分四种：
1.陈述句Decalarative Sentence（肯定、否定）
He is six years old. She didn’t hear of you before.
2.疑问句Interrogative Sentence（一般、特殊、选择、反意）
Do they like skating How old is he
Is he six or seven years old Mary can swim, can’t she
3.祈使句Imperative Sentence（用来表示建议、请求、命令等语气，由动词原形开头）
Don’t talk in class. Hurry up, or you will be late.
4.感叹句Exclamatory Sentence
How clever the boy is!
英语语法基本概念
十大词类、句子成分、基本句型、句子类型
制作：吴明科
PART 01
十大词类
句子都是由单词组成的。英语单词根据词类或词性(Parts of Speech)可分为：
实词
Notionat Word
名词 Noun
代词 Pronoun
动词 Verb
形容词 Adjective
副词 Adverb
数词 Numeral
虚词
Form Word
冠词 Article
介词 Preposition
连词 Conjunction
感叹词 Interjection
PART 02
句子成分
必须有的句子成分：
主语(subject) 谓语(predicate)
可以有的句子成分：
宾语(object) 定语(attribute)
状语(adverbial) 补语(complement)
表语(predicative) 同位语(appositive)
No. 1 主语
1. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（ ）
2. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（ ）
3. The rich should help the poor.（ ）
4. What benefits most to their study is reading English books.
( )
5. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. （ ）
6.Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people.
（ ）
7. It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline（ ）
数词
不定式
名词化的形容词
主语从句
名词
动名词短语
it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式
round out 使变圆；使更完美；圆满结束
His face seemed to have rounded out.
His father insisted that he went to university to round out his education.
Chocolate cake rounded out the meal.
No. 2 谓语
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. （ ）
复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.
（ ）
（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：
Food became easier to chew at this point. ( )
实义动词
情态动词+实义动词
系动词
拓展：系动词(6大类别）
状态系动词：用来表示主语状态的只有be动词
感官系动词：主要有feel、smell、sound、taste......
表象系动词：表示外观的概念主要有seem、appear、look......
终止系动词：表示主语结束了动作，主要有prove、turn out...... 表示“证实”、“成为”的意思。
持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或维持某种情况或态度，主要有keep、remain、stay、lie、stand......
变化系动词：表示主语是怎样的，主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come、run......
1. Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to ...”（ ）
2. I’d appreciate it if you take my invitation into consideration.
（ ）
3. ...，drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. （ ）
4. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. （ ）
5. How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（ ）
6. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（ ）
7. He pretended not to see me.（ ）
No. 3 宾语
名词
代词it作形式宾语，if引导的条件状从为真正的宾语
动名词短语
宾语从句
数词
名词化的形容词
不定式短语
1. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance. （ ）
2. Food became easier to chew at this point. （ ）
3. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning....（ ）
4. Needless to say, they were deeply moved.（ ）
5. My dream is to become an English teacher.( )
6. His hobby is playing football.（ ）
7. The truth is that he has never been abroad.（ ）
No. 4 表语
介词短语
形容词
方位副词
过去分词
不定式
动名词
表语从句
No. 5 定语
1. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax.（ ）
2. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
（ ）
3. Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK.
（ ）
4. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.
（ ）
5. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
（ ）
名词，过去分词，形容词
定语从句
介词短语作后置定语
代词，介词
代词，不定式，代词，现在分词
动名词VS现在分词
虽然现在分词与动名词的格式完成相同，但它们在句子中的作用却是有明显的区别的。
1. 动名词相当于名词，所以在句子中可以充当的成分与名词类似，即主要充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。而现在分词的作用类似于副词和形容词，在句子主要充当状语、定语、补语、表语等。
Hearing the noise, they immediately stopped talking. 一听到有声音，他们立刻就停止谈话。(现在分词作状语)
He asked an embarrassing question. 他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(现在分词作定语)
Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。 (动名词作主语）
She like talking very much. 她很喜欢讲话。 (动名词作宾语）
1. Additionally from time to time I will assign group work to be completed ..（ ）
2. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.（ ）
No. 6 状语
副词
让步状语从句
No. 7 补语
1. Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful.（ ）
2. We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.（ ）
3. Beijing will make the Chinese culture better known to British students. （ ）
形容词作宾补
名词短语作宾补
过去分词短语作宾补
No. 8 同位语
1.This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. （ ）
2. The news that Premier Li Keqiang passed away on Oct.27 made Chinese people deeply sad. （ ）
名词
同位语从句
PART 03
简单句的五种基本句型
动作（动词）
1. 可以独立完成的动作
Michael sleeps.
主语+不及物动词
2. 有1个动作的承受者
Michael likes you.
主语+ 及物动词+宾语
3. 有2个动作的承受者
I teach you English.
主语+双及物动词+间宾+直宾
4. 有1个动作的承受者（但需补充）
单
I consider you smart.
主语+复杂及物动词+宾语+宾补
5. 非“动作”
Michael is in the room.
连系动词
Michael is tall.
主语+系动词+表语
SV
SVO
SVOO
SVOC
SVP
Michael looks tall.
Five basic patterns of sentences
Subject + Verb(SV)
Michael sleeps.
Subject + Verb + Predicative(SVP)
Michael likes you.
Subject + Verb + Object (SVO)
I teach you English.
Subject + Verb + Indirect object+ Direct object(SVOO)
I consider you smart.
Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement (SVOC)
Michael is tall.
PART 04
句子类型
按句子的结构可分三种：
1. 简单句(Simple Sentence)
2. 并列句(Compound Sentence)
3. 复合句(Complex Sentence)
简单句(Simple Sentence)
一个主语+一个谓语
He often reads English in the morning.
He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School.
Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.
并列句(Compound Sentence)
≥2个简单句，由并列连词或分号连接
用分号：
We fished all day; we didn’t catch a thing.
用并列连词：
（but, or, yet, so, for, and, nor [记忆口诀：boy’s fan ]）
Fields have eyes, and woods have ears. 隔墙有耳。
复合句(Complex Sentence)
主句+从句（≥1）
主句：独立存在&完整意思
从句：依附主句&充当一个句子成分的分句，由连词、
关系代词或关系副词引导
用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等
Mary told me that she visited the Great Wall last year.
只有一个主谓结构
一个主句+
一个（以上）从句
两个或两个以上的简单句
英语语法作用：
造句
长句子
短句子
（简单句）
拆分
组合
简单句：
什么 + 怎么样
（主语）
（谓语）
人/物
动作/发生了什么事
动词
Verb
谓语动词
Sentence elements
按说话人说话的目的可分四种：
1.陈述句Decalarative Sentence（肯定、否定）
He is six years old. She didn’t hear of you before.
2.疑问句Interrogative Sentence（一般、特殊、选择、反意）
Do they like skating How old is he
Is he six or seven years old Mary can swim, can’t she
3.祈使句Imperative Sentence（用来表示建议、请求、命令等语气，由动词原形开头）
Don’t talk in class. Hurry up, or you will be late.
4.感叹句Exclamatory Sentence
How clever the boy is!