【暑期核心素养培优】人教英语八上Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？预习学案

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【暑期核心素养培优】人教英语八上
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation 预习学案
单元学习（教学目标）
听:能听懂以谈论假期及过去发生的事情为主题的听力材料;
说:能描述过去发生的事情,讲述周末或假期的活动;
读:能够读懂以假期为主题的阅读材料并能进行信息归纳;
写:能写出周末或假期的活动情况,使用一般过去时描述过去发生的事情。
单元知识结构
熟悉交际话题:Holidays and vacations (假期)
了解语言功能:Talk about past events(谈论过去的事情)
牢记重点单词:wonderful,few,most,something,nothing,everyone,anyone,anywhere,myself,yourself,hen,pig,seem,bored,someone,diary,enjoyable,activity,decide,try,bird,bicycle,building,trade,wonder,difference,top,wait,umbrella,wet,below,enough,hungry; as,hill,duck,dislike
掌握重点短语:because of,decide to do sth.,take photos,quite a few,of course,feel like,go on vacation,get to,study for...,stay at home,take the train,go shopping; arrive in,keep a diary; ride bicycles,enjoy doing sth.,come up
熟记重点句型:1.—Where did you go on vacation —I went to New York City.2.—How did you like it —Well,it was my first time there,so everything was really interesting.3.—Did you buy anything special —Yes,I bought something for my father./No,I bought nothing.4.—How was the food —Everything tasted really good!
理解核心语法:复合不定代词;规则动词及不规则动词的过去式形式
Section A
知识点一 一般过去时的特殊疑问句及其回答
【教材原文】
—Where did you go on vacation 你去哪里度假了
—I went to the mountains.我去爬山了。
Where did you... 是一般过去时的特殊疑问句,其句式结构为;疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他成分 其中did是助动词,没有人称和数的变化,实义动词要用原形。
如:—What did you do yesterday afternoon 你昨天下午干什么了
—I played tennis with my friend.我和我的朋友一起打网球了。
on vacation 意为"在度假"。
如:My family went to Hainan on vacation last year. 我家人去年去海南度假了。
例:—What a beautiful car!When you it
—I it two years ago.
A.did;buy;have had B.did;buy;bought
C.have;bought;have bought D.have;bought;have had
【解析】:根据答语中的时间状语"two years ago"可知,答语动词须用过去式bought。故选B。
知识点二:anywhere的用法
【教材原文】Oh,did you go anywhere interesting 哦,你去什么有趣的地方了吗
anywhere 是副词,意思是"任何地方;无论何处",常用于否定句.疑问句或条件状语从句中。如:I cannot find it anywhere.我在什么地方都没找到它。
Are you going anywhere tonight 今晚你要去什么地方吗
If you go anywhere,take me with you.你要是去什么地方,带我一起去。
若是肯定句中说某个地方,应用somewhere。
如:I remember seeing him somewhere.我记得在哪儿见过他。
somewhere/anywhere有时与修饰语连用,这时候,其修饰语要置于somewhere/anywhere之后。
如:You can go anywhere interesting if you want.如果你想,你可以去任何一个有趣的地方。
例:—Lingling,did you go last summer vacation
—Yes. I went to Hangzhou.
A.wonderful anywhere B.anywhere wonderful C.nowhere wonderful
【解析】:考查anywhere的用法。句意:—玲玲,你去年署假去过什么好的地方吗 —是的,我去了杭州。nowhere常用于表示否定意义的句子中;anywhere常用于一般疑问句、否定句及条件状语从句中。修饰语修饰anywhere时,应置于其后。故选B。
知识点三 形容词修饰复合不定代词的用法
【教材原文】Did you buy anything special 你买什么特殊的东西了吗
anything 是复合不定代词,常用于否定句、疑问句及if或whether之后。
如:Do you have anything to say 你有什么要说的吗
形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要把形容词放在复合不定代词后面。
如:Last night I saw someone strange lying on the ground near my home.
昨晚在我家附近,我看见一个陌生人躺在地上。
If you have anything important to tell me,please call me.
如果你有什么重要的事要告诉我,请给我打电话。
例:—Helen,did you do last weekend
—Yes,I visited my grandparents in the countryside.
A.anything special B.something special C.special anything
【解析】:考查复合不定代词的用法。句意:—海伦,上周末你做了什么特别的事吗 —是的,我去看望了在农村的祖父母。special是形容词,修饰复合不定代词时要放在复合不定代词后面,故排除C项;anything常用于否定句或疑问句中,something常用于肯定句中,该句是一般疑问句,故选A。
知识点四:a few的用法
【教材原文】We took quite a few photos there. 我们在那里拍了相当多的照片。
take photos 意为"拍照、照相";take a photo of sb./sth.意为"给某人/某物拍照"。
如:We took many photos on the Great Wall.我们在长城上拍了很多照片。
few意思是"很少;几乎没有",而a few 表示"一些"quite a few表示"相当多的",都修饰可数名词复数。
如:He has few friends here,so he feels lonely.他在这里几乎没朋友,所以他感觉寂寞。
Quite a few students go to school by bike.相当多的学生骑自行车上学。
例:汤姆去购物并且买了不少东西。
Tom went shopping and bought things.
【解析】:quite a few意为"不少;相当多的",修饰可数名词复数,thing意为"东西",复数形式为things。
知识点五:How do you like... 的用法
【教材原文】How did you like it 你认为它怎么样
How do you like... 意为"你觉得...怎么样 ",用于询问对方的观点或看法,相当于 What do you think of... 或How do you feel about...
如:How do you like your new job =What do you think of your new job
你觉得你的新工作怎么样
例:— do you like the magic show —It's wonderful.
A.Where B.How C.What D.When
【解析】:考查 How do you like... 句型的用法。句意:你认为这个魔术表演怎么样 它很精彩。How do you like... = What do you think of... 你觉得......怎么样 故选B。
知识点六:bored的用法
【教材原文】Still no one seemed to be bored.好像仍然没有一个人感到无聊。
bored 表示"感到厌倦的",用来说明人的感受;boring表示"令人厌烦的,无趣的",通常用来说明事物的特征。
如:She is bored with her job.她对自己的工作不感兴趣。
The lecture was deadly boring.那讲座真是乏味极了。
拓展以-ed 结尾的形容词,通常用来修饰或者描述人;以-ing结尾的形容词,通常用来修饰或者描述物,类似的形容词还有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;surprised/surprising。
例:I am with the book because it is very .
A.bored;boring B.bored;bored C.boring;bored D.boring;boring
【解析】:考查同根词词义辨析。句意:我讨厌这本书,因为它很无聊。bored意为"讨厌的;感到厌倦的",主语常常是人;boring意为"无聊的",主语一般是物。根据句意可知选A。
Section B & Self Check
知识点七:arrive的用法
【教材原文】 I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my families.今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚槟城。
arrive 为不及物动词,意为"到达"。如果表示到达较大的地方,如国家、大城市等,用arrive in;如果表示到达较小的场所,如店铺、机场等,用 arrive at。若后接here、there、home 等地点副词时,则不用介词。
如:They arrived in Beijing three days ago.他们3天前到达了北京。
When did you arrive there 你们什么时候到那里的
拓展:get to和reach
get to 后面可直接跟地点名词;接here、there、home 等地点副词时,to省略
reach 后面直接跟地点名词
例:Many of the visitors Beijing two days ago.
A.reached in B.get to C.arrived at D.arrived in
【解析】:考查动词短语词义辨析。reach是及物动词,后面不跟介词;arrive in跟大地方,arrive at跟小地方;根据句子时间状语可知要用一般过去时,故排除B,这里Beijing是个大地方,故选D。
知识点八:decide的用法
【教材原文】It was sunny and hot.so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel.
天气晴朗且炎热,因此我们决定去我们宾馆附近的海滩。
decide意为"决定",既可作及物动词;又可作不及物动词。
(1)作及物动词时,后面常接名词、动词不定式、"特殊疑向词+动词不定式"或宾语从句。
如:I can't decide the date of the meeting.我决定不了这次会议的日期。
We decided to go there.我们决定去那里。
We decided that we would not go to the party tonight.我们决定今晚不去参加聚会。
(2)作不及物动词时,常与介词 on 或 upon 连用,后接名词。
如:She decided on the red shoes.她决定买这双红色的鞋了。
例:After two hours’drive,the driver decided and have a rest.
A.stop B.to stop C.stopped D.stopping
【解析】:考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:开了两个小时的车后,司机决定停下来休息一下。decide.to do sth.意为"决定做某事",动词不定式作宾语。答案B
知识点九:wonder的用法
【教材原文】I wonder what life was like here in the past.我想知道这里过去的生活是什么样子的。
wonder作及物动词,意为"想知道;对....感到好奇",后常接who、what、why、where 等引导的宾语从句。从句用陈述句语序。
如:I wonder why Ann is late.我想知道安为什么迟到了。
She wondered what the child was doing.她想知道孩子在做什么。
例:—Many people talk about"DiDi".I really wonder.
—Just call to order a taxi through it on your mobile phone.
A.how can I use it B.how I can use it
C.why people use it D.why do people use it
【解析】:考查wonder后接宾语从句的用法。句意:许多人谈论"滴滴出行"。我真的想知道如何使用它。就是在你的手机上通过它打电话叫出租车。宾语从句一般为陈述句语序,选项A、D是疑问句语序,所以排除;再根据"Just call to order a taxi through it on your mobile phone."可知,这里表示如何使用,用how引导。答案B
知识点十:enjoy+动名词的用法
【教材原文】 I really enjoyed walking around the town.我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。
(1)enjoy 为及物动词,意为"喜爱;欣赏;享受.....的乐趣",其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
如:Do you enjoy your job 你喜欢你的工作吗
I enjoy reading books.我喜欢读书。
拓展
含义 固定表达 示例
玩得开心 enjoy oneself It seemed that he didn't enjoy himself at the party.似乎他在聚会上玩得不开心。
have fun We have fun talking with him.我们和他一起聊天很高兴。玩得开心
have a good/nice/great /wonderful time They have a good time playing in the park.他们在公园玩得很开心。
(2)walk around...意为"在...四处走走"。
He's just walking around the village.他只是在村庄里随便走走。
例:Jim's parents enjoy in the countryside. But Jim wants in the city.
A.to live;living B.live;lives C.living;to live D.lives;living
【解析】:考查非谓语动词用法。enjoy doing sth.表示喜欢做某事,动名词作宾语;want后接动词不定式作宾语,故选C。
知识点十一:what引导的感叹句
【教材原文】What a difference a day makes!一天的变化有多大呀!
(1)difference意为"差别,差异";其形容词形式为different,意为"不同的;有差异的"。
如:What's the difference between skating and skiing 滑冰和滑雪有什么不同
(2)本句是What 引导的感叹句。常用句型有:
①What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+其他)!
②What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+其他)!
这里的a day makes就是感叹句的主谓成分。makes的逻辑宾语就是前面的 a difference。
例:—beautiful song it is! —Yes. It is Taylor Swift's new song.
A.How B.What C.What a
【解析】:考查感叹句的用法。句意:这是一首多么动听的歌曲啊!一是的。这是泰勒斯威夫特的新歌。song是可数名词单数,应用句型:What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!故选C
知识点十二:because of 的用法
【教材原文】 And because of the bad weather,we couldn't see anything below.并且由于这坏天气,我们看不见下面的任何东西。
本句中的because of 意为"因为...,由于...",后接名词或代词,相当于"because+从句",所以本句可替换为:And we couldn't see anything below because the weather was bad.
例:We couldn't go shopping the bad weather .
A.because of B.because C.and D.so
【解析】:不能去购物是恶劣天气造成的,因此前后是因果关系,后面是说明原因,because是连词,后边跟从句;because of后边加名词或者名词短语。这里weather是一个名词,用because of。
知识点十三 enough 的用法
【教材原文】 My father didn't bring enough money.so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish.我的爸爸没有带足够多的钱,因此我们只吃了一碗米饭和一些鱼肉。
enough既可作形容词,也可作副词,还可作代词,用法如下:
词性 用法 示例:
代词,"足够;充分" 可以代替可数名词或不可数名词,在句中作主语或宾语。 I have had enough. Thank you.谢谢你,我吃饱了。
形容词,"足够的" 修饰名词作定语,置于被修饰的名词前后均可 I have enough money to buy a dictionary.我有足够的钱买本词典。
副词,"足够地;充分地" 常置于被修饰的动词、形容词或副词之后,一般不跟that从句 He is not old enough to go to school.他年龄不够大,不能去上学。
例:The weather is for us to go swimming.
A.enough warm B.warm enough C.too warm D.very warm
【解析】:考查enough的用法。句意:天气很暖和,我们可以去游泳。enough常置于形容词和副词后面;形容词+enough for sb.to do sth.表示"对某人来说做某事是足够的"。答案B
复合不定代词是由some-、any-、every-、no-加上-one、-body、-thing等所组成的不定代词。包括:
thing(事) body(人) one(人)
some(某个) something(某事) somebody(某人) someone(某人)
any(任何) anything(任何事) anybody(任何人) anyone(任何人)
every(每一) everything(事事) everybody(人人) everyone(人人)
no(没有) nothing(没有事) nobody(没有人) no one(没有人)
知识点十四:复合不定代词的用法
(1)复合不定代词可作主语、宾语和表语。其作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Somebody will carry your bag for you.Don't worry.有人会为你拿包。不要担心。
Somebody is asking for you at the gate.有人在门口找你。
(2)当形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词必须放在复合不定代词之后。
I have something interesting to give you.Maria.我有些有趣的东西给你,玛丽亚
(3)在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分的主语是everybody、nobody、anyone等指人的复合不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语通常用代词they;当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,something,nothing等指物的复合不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。
Nobody came when I was out,did they 我在外面时,没人来过,是吗
Everything has gone wrong today,hasn't it 今天什么都出问题了,是不是
联想拓展
复合不定代词的常用句型:
(1)There is something wrong with…意为"…出问题了";
(2)…has something/nothing to do with…,意为"…与…有/无关";
(3)sb.can do nothing but…意为"某人什么都不能做 只能…"。
知识点十五:一般过去时
1.一般过去时的构成:
肯定句:主语+was/were/动词过去式+其他。
如:We were pupils two years ago.两年前我们是小学生。
They watched a movie yesterday:他们昨天看了一部电影。
否定句:主语+was/were+not+其他;主语+didn't+动词原形+其他。
如:They weren't here just now.刚才他们没有在这儿。
Jim didn't go to school last Friday.上星期五吉姆没有去上学。
一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+其他 Did+主语+动词原形+其他
如:Were you at home this morning 今天上午你在家吗
Did your brother play computer games last Sunday 你哥哥上周日玩电脑游戏了吗
2.一般过去时的用法:
(1)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
如:My uncle flew to London last week我叔叔上周坐飞机去了伦敦。
He was here just now他刚才在这里。
(2)一般过去时用来叙述没有具体过去时间的动作或存在的状态。
如:I used to go to school on foot.我过去常常步行去上学。
We often played together when we were children.当我们是小孩的时候,我们常常一起玩耍。
(3)通过上下文语境可判断出动作是发生在过去的,也使用一般过去时。
如:—Where did you go 你去哪里了
—I went to school.我去学校了。
巧学妙记
一般过去时并不难, 过去动作, 状态记心间。
动词要用过去式, 时间状语句末站。 否定句很简单,
didn't站在动原前, 其他部分不要变。 一般疑问也好变,
Did 放在句子前, 主语、动原、其他部分依次站。
特殊疑问句也简单, 疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
知识点十六:易错易混词辨析
1.few,a few与little,a little
注解 例:句
few后接可数名词,且要用复数形式,含否定意义 He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。
a few后接可数名词,且要用复数形式,不含否定意义 Please wait for a few minutes.请等几分钟。
little后接不可数名词,含否定意义。 He knows little English.他几乎不懂英语。
a little后接不可数名词,不含否定意义 There is a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里有少量的牛奶。
温馨提示:little还可以表示"小"
The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play.
这个小男孩很忙。他很少有时间玩。
It's a little animal. It eats only a little food.
它是一只小动物。它只吃一点点食物。
2.somewhere、anywhere、everywhere 与 nowhere
单词 用法
somewhere "某处在某处",强调在一个地方,用于肯定句
anywhere "在什么地方任何地方",用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句中,在肯定句中表示"随便什么地方’
everywhere "到处、处处".强调多个地方,用于肯定句
nowhere "不在任何地方任何地方都不"和anywhere是反义词,意思相反
一言辨异:
I looked for my pet dog everywhere,but I couldn't find it anywhere. I think it must be somewhere in the village. 我到处找我的宠物狗,但是哪里都找不到它。我认为它肯定在这个村子的某个地方。
3.because与because of
因为 用法 示例:
because 连词,用来引导原因状语从句 I didn't buy it because it was too expensive.我没有买它是因为它太贵了。
because of 介词短语,"因为(某人/某事物)"在句中作状语 They didn't go to the museum because of the rain.由于下雨他们没去博物馆。
单元素养
提到节假日,我们一定会想到购物、旅游。随着人们经济收入的不断提高,现在旅游已经成为很多人生活的一部分。
本单元的话题是节假日,Section A以去贵州黄果树瀑布旅游为话题进行了对话流;Section B以到马来西亚度假为话题编写了两篇日记。介绍了度假期间的所见、所闻及感受。
"节假日"是补全对话,语篇阅读以及书面表达中常见的话题。该话题考查的内容一般是活动的时间、地点、活动细节等。句子多用一般过去时。解题时要注意句子时态。
素养训练（含答案解析）
补全对话 根据对话内容,从方框中选出恰当的选项补全对话,其中有两项多余。
A:Where did you go on vacation
B:I went to Berlin and Bavaria in Germany for sightseeing.
A:Wow,great!1.
B:Well,in Bavaria there is a small town called Dietfurt.
A:2.
B:People there are all Europeans,but they see themselves as Chinese,and the town is known as Bavarian China.
A:Sounds interesting. Why do they see themselves as Chinese
B:3.
A:Wow,unbelievable!
B:4.
A:A Chinese Carnival 5.
B:They dress up in traditional Chinese clothing and perform dragon dances on the street.
A:What an unusual town! Perhaps I will go there some day.
A.They even hold a Chinese Carnival every year.B. What's the history of the town C.Because they love Chinese culture and they speak Chinese,use chopsticks and eat rice.D.What impressed(使留下深刻印象)you most E.Anything special in the town F.People in the town are all from China.G.What's it like
【答案解析】:
1.D 根据下文"in Bavaria there is a small town called Dietfurt"可知,问句应该是:什么让你印象最深刻 故选D。
2.E根据下文"People there are all Europeans,but they see themselves as Chinese(那里的人都是欧洲人,但是他们把他们自己看作是中国人)"可知,问句应该是:镇上有没有什么特别的地方 故选E。
3.C根据上文"Why do they see themselves as Chinese "可知,此处要选他们把自己看成中国人的原因。C符合语境。故选C。
4.A根据下文"A Chinese Carnival "可知,此处应选与"Chinese Carnival"有关的句子,故选A。
5.G 下文"They dress up in traditional Chinese clothing and perform dragon dances on the street(他们身穿中国传统的衣服,并且在大街上表演舞龙)"具体描述了人们是怎么庆祝"Chinese Carnival"的。故选G。
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