(共91张PPT)
UNIT 5 EDUCATION
语篇填空·一文练透
核心考点·精讲精练
梯级训练·循序渐进
主题集训·提能增效
语篇填空·一文练透
核心考点·精讲精练
梯级训练·循序渐进
主题集训·提能增效
语篇填空·一文练透
One objective of education is to help us gain knowledge. However, the road
to 1._________（pursue） knowledge is not always smooth. Take Helen Keller for
example. She was an exceptionally special girl. In her childhood, she lost her
eyesight and hearing. With these severe 2.___________（restrict） to her
communication, her behaviour was often troublesome and stubborn, and she had a
tendency to show anger. Anne Sullivan, the first teacher 3.____________
（enlighten） Helen, was a superb teacher, whose teaching technique was simple
and straightforward. She put an object into Helen's hand gently and spelt out the
word on her other hand. With this method, from “doll” to “water”,
pursuing
restrictions
to enlighten
Helen grasped the key to learning precious knowledge. 4._________ trying to learn
words was a gradual and painful process, Helen was always enthusiastic and
excited about learning. As Helen's vocabulary expanded, it was apparent that
more complex or abstract words sometimes puzzled her.
Although
Education can expose us 5.___ a variety of ideas and give us insight into
how others think. Moreover, education goes beyond the acquisition of knowledge.
It provides learners with the tools to develop skills, think for themselves and learn
throughout their lives. For example, it can help us form our own judgement, take
a 6._______（criticize） look at surrounding circumstances and stimulate our
initiative respectively so that we can successfully analyse information.
to
critical
As we know, we acquire and understand knowledge with this type of analysis.
In the 17th century, Bacon, who held an important rank in the royal court of
England, 7.______（urge） people to use this type of thinking to solve the
problems of the universe. But they didn't want to abandon what they'd always
thought as true. They made the assumption that if someone
8.___________________（respect） said that something was right, then it must be
so. Galileo, for example, 9._____________（punish） by the church and was put
in prison because he didn't approve of the primitive ideas of Aristotle. Today, we
owe so much to Bacon and Galileo, 10._____ were brave enough to step out from
the shadows of conventional thought to find the kingdom of knowledge that
today's civilization is built on.
urged
respected/respectable
was punished
who
核心考点·精讲精练
1.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的 〈变〉disappointing adj.令人失望的；
扫兴的 disappointment n.失望；灰心；扫兴；令人失望的事或人
disappoint vt.使失望
（2022·北京卷）If researchers can't keep their promises， excitement might give
way to doubt， disappointment and anger， Johnson warns. Johnson
警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒。
①Though it was a little unexpected， I didn't feel ____________（disappoint） at
all when hearing this.
②On the contrary， disappointed ____________ his behaviour， I told all this to
my best friend.
disappointed
by/at/in/with
③（2021·新高考卷）To their disappointment，they failed to cook a Mother's Day
breakfast at the first attempt.（读后续写·心理描写）
→_________________________________________________was that they failed to
cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.（主语从句）
→They failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt，
__________________________________________________.（定语从句）
What made them disappointed/What disappointed them
which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
2.worthy adj.值得……的；有价值的 〈变〉worth adj.值得的 n.价值
worthwhile adj.重要的；值得花时间（或花钱、努力等）
（China Daily）His behavior is definitely not worthy of being advocated.
他的行为绝对不值得提倡。
①You may not succeed， but it is worthy ___ a try.
②（五育·智育）He notes down everything in the class that's worth ____________
（remember）.
③The West Lake is worthy to ________（pay） a visit to.
of
remembering
be paid
④Furthermore， _____________________________________， because you can
appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods.
此外，我们的课程值得参加，因为你可以领会到中西方教学方法的差异。（邀请信）
our classes are worthy of being attended
⑤（2021·新高考卷）Seeing Mother's smiling face， the twins both
_________________________________.
看到妈妈的笑脸，双胞胎发现他们的辛苦是值得的。（读后续写·心理描写）
found their hard work was worth it
3.circumstance n.[usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况 〈近〉condition
（2023·全国甲卷）...when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，
we get impatient about the circumstances.……当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我
们会对周围的环境感到不耐烦。
①Due to some_____________（circumstance） beyond our control the lecture was
put off.
②Under____circumstance should youngsters follow negative information on mass
media blindly.
circumstances
no
③______________________， you should make sure that they understand that you
have very special skills.
如果情况允许的话，你应该确保他们都了解你有很专业的技能。
If circumstances permit
④（2022·浙江1月卷）My partner was ill._____________________________，he still
spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected data with me，and a feeling
of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.
我的搭档生病了。即使在这种情况下，他仍然不遗余力地和我一起分析并评估我们
收集的数据，我内心深处的敬佩之情油然而生。（读后续写·心理描写）
Even under/in the circumstances
4.conclusion n.结论；推论 〈变〉conclude vt.& vi.推断出；断定；结束
（Global Times）August 8， 2023 marked the successful conclusion of the
Chengdu FISU Games， a prestigious sporting event that showcased the highest
level of sports excellence among university students worldwide.
2023年8月8日标志着成都大运会的圆满结束，这是一项享有盛誉的体育赛事，展示
了全球大学生的最高体育水平。
①（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Each chapter concludes _____ a collection of practices，
which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
②（2022·北京卷）Crystal knew that visions alone don't produce results， but
__________（conclude） that “we'll never produce results that we can't envision”.
with
concluded
③I _________________________________ that it is important to work with our
own hands.
我从我自己的经历中得出结论:用自己的双手劳动很重要。（日记）
concluded from my own experiences
④_____________， it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting wild
animals.
总之，现在是我们致力于保护野生动物的时候了。（话题写作·保护野生动物）
In conclusion
5.responsible adj.负责的；有责任的 〈反〉irresponsible adj.不负责任的；
无责任感的〈变〉responsibility n.责任；职责；义务
（People's Daily Online）The two countries should act with a sense of
responsibility for history， for the people and for the world，and handle China-US
relations properly.
两国应该本着对历史、对人民、对世界负责的态度，处理好中美关系。
①（2022·全国乙卷）China has a _____________（responsible） to work with
other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
②（China Daily）It is every Chinese's responsibility________（keep） China a
unified country at any time.
responsibility
to keep
③（2022·全国甲卷）We are supposed to ____________________________________
_________________and spare no effort to protect oceans from being polluted.
我们应该对我们的行为负责，尽全力去保护海洋不受污染。（话题写作·海洋保护）
be responsible for/take responsibility for our own behaviour
6.owe vt.欠（账、债、人情等）；归功于……；应感谢
（China Daily）We owe it to ourselves and to future generations to ensure that our
entertainment industry operates ethically and to the highest standards.
确保我们的娱乐行业以道德和最高标准运营，这是我们自己和子孙后代的责任。
①Mary will take care of the baby—she ______（owe） me a favour.
②He owes his good health ___ his healthy lifestyle.
owes
to
③（2021·北京）I ______________________ for failing to go outing with you this
Sunday.
本周日我不能和你去郊游， 我得向你道歉。（道歉信）
owe an apology to you
④（2022·新高考卷）David was out of breath at the finishing line， saying，
“____________________________________I can overcome my internal panic to
challenge myself in the cross-country run.”
David在终点线气喘吁吁地说道：“正是因为您的鼓励，我才能够克服内心的恐惧，
在越野跑中挑战自我。”（读后续写·对话描写）
It is owing to your encouragement that
7.puzzled adj.困惑的；无法理解的 〈变〉puzzle v.迷惑；使困惑 n.智力
游戏；不解之谜；疑问 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 puzzlement n.困惑
（China Daily）The black hole holds many mysteries that have puzzled scientists
for decades, such as its birth and growth.
这个黑洞有许多困扰了科学家们几十年的谜团，比如它的诞生和发展。
①After hearing the news， the inspector had a ________ （puzzle） look on his
face.
②Much to the ___________ （puzzle） of his mother, he left home without saying
a word.
puzzled
puzzlement
③This morning I was walking on the street when I saw that two travelers were
reading a map, _______________.今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我看见两个游
客正在困惑地看着地图。（周记）
looking puzzled
8.insist on坚持；一定要
（China Daily）We will continue to insist on green development， grab business
opportunities and combine our advantages in capital， technology and management.
我们会继续坚持绿色发展，抓住商机并结合资本、技术、管理三方面的优势。
①He insisted that parents________________（leave） enough space for children，
which is good for their all-rounded development.
②He insisted that he _____（be） right， which made us doubt our previous
judgement.
③My mother insisted ____ sending me to the hospital, where I received good
medical treatment.
（should） leave
was
on
④The Students' Union _____________________________________________________
______.
学生会坚决要求每个参与者按时到达大厅。（通知）
insists that every participant （should） arrive at the hall on time
9.regardless of 不管；不顾
（2022·北京卷）For instance， we must exercise daily regardless of our age and
working style.
例如，无论我们的年龄和工作方式如何，我们必须每天都锻炼。
①You will hurt others if you say what you think，regardless___other people's
feelings.
②___ spite of the fact that it rains， we can still take part in physical activities in
the stadium.
of
In
③（2021·新高考卷）______________________________________________________
_________， the twins still prepared an exceptional breakfast for their mother with
great expectations.
不顾他们缺乏烹饪经验的事实，双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为他们的妈妈准备了一顿特
别的早餐。（读后续写·心理描写）
Regardless of/In spite of the fact that they lacked cooking experience
10.It is the first time+从句
（WY·X2U4）It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF.
这不是作者第一次与无国界医生合作。
①The teacher criticized him, because it was the second time that he __________
（make） the same mistake.
②I'll never forget hearing this piece of music ____ the first time.
had made
for
③But this is the first time that ______________ an application and the personal
resume, so I don't know if there is something to pay attention to.但这是我第一次
写申请和个人履历，因此我不知道是否有什么需要注意的。（求助信）
I have written
④（2022·全国甲卷）All in all, it is high time __________________________
protecting the ocean. To protect the ocean is to protect ourselves.
总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。保护海洋就是保护我们自己。
（话题写作·海洋保护）
that we devoted ourselves to
11.动词-ing形式作主语
（P31）Trying to learn the word “love” was an experience that she remembered
well.
努力学习“爱”这个词是她记忆犹新的一次经历。
①_________ （work） in these conditions is not a pleasure.
②Their ________ （come） to help was a great encouragement to us.
③Unfortunately,________ （burn） coal causes serious air pollution and increases
global warming.
Working
coming
burning
④__________________ makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
Listening to music
⑤_________________________ the exam made him even more depressed.
没通过考试使他变得更加沮丧了。
His not being able to pass
梯级训练·循序渐进
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.（2023·全国甲卷）It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of
the world's 50 best restaurants list. _____________
2.Your humour must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that
you are in sympathy with their point of view._____________
3.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience._______
4.The plan to abstract water from the river has proved to be practical._______
v.排名；排位
n.同意；赞同
n.目标
v.抽取
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.promote
A.vt.推广；宣传 B.vt.发起；主办 C.vt.促进；推动 D.vt.晋升；升级
①（2023·全国乙卷）Not only do they look beautiful, but studies have shown that
they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood （心情）, reducing
stress and helping their memory. ___
C
②The company is promoting its new products on television.___
③He worked hard and was soon promoted.___
④He promoted a campaign to remind the public of protecting the wildlife.___
A
D
B
2.stream
A.vi.流出；流动 B.n.（人）流 C.n.水流
D.n.小河；溪
①（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Then he went around to local ponds and streams and
brought back some plants and animals. ___
②（2021·全国甲卷）The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see
streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.___
③Tears streamed down his checks as he recounted his unhappy experience. ___
④She stopped rowing and let the boat float with the stream.___
D
B
A
C
3.shadow
A.n.暗处；阴影处 B.n.阴影；影子 C.n.少许；一丁点 D.n.（坏）影响
①The sun shone through the leaves, casting shadows on the lawn.___
②Someone jumped out of the shadows and grabbed my handbag.___
③These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear.___
④A shadow of a smile touched his mouth.___
B
A
D
C
1.（2023·全国甲卷）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and
she teaches that people must take _____________（responsible） for saving their
environment.
responsibility
2.（2023·全国乙卷）According to a new study from market ________（analyze），
1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them
to try different food.
analysts
3.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Now， every year when my husband pulls our camper out of
the garage， we are filled with a sense of __________（excite）.
excitement
4.（2022·浙江1月卷）Her pet transport job was born of the _________（finance）
crisis（危机） in the late 2000s.
5.（2021·全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the
traveler to become _________（educate） about the areas.
6.To our delight, the result of the experiment is entirely consistent _____ what we
evaluated.
financial
educated
with
7.When the door of our car opened, Mom stormed out instantly and urged us
_______ （put） up the tent.
8.When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel ____________ （disappoint） and
troublesome.
9.The company has shown___________（exception） breakthroughs over the past
two years.
to put
disappointed
exceptional
10.The government placed a__________（restrict） on the number of foreign cars
that could be imported.
11.As a Senior 3 student, it is apparent that you have a_________（tend） to get
anxious with time going by.
12.Be sure to gain knowledge of the_______（relate） information before you apply
for the precious position.
restriction
tendency
related
现象评论·正确看待学习成绩
1.如今，一些父母对孩子的学习成绩要求过高，因为他们坚持认为孩子有责任高度
重视自己的学习。（pursue； significance； responsibility； insist后接宾语从句；
now that引导原因状语从句）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Nowadays, now that some parents insist that it is their children's responsibility
to attach great significance to their academic study, they pursue too much on their
children's academic performance.
2.在这种情况下，孩子们被限制在教室里解数学题或记英语单词，随之，他们的视
力越来越差。（restrict； eyesight； with的复合结构）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______
Under this circumstance, the children are restricted to the classrooms to solve math problems or remember English words with their eyesight becoming worse and worse.
3.更重要的是，他们放弃了很多兴趣爱好,全身心地投入学业中。（abandon）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________
What's more, they give up their interest, and abandon themselves to their academic subjects.
4.在我看来，我们不应该把成功仅仅归因于学业成绩。相反，全面发展更重要。
（owe； 动词-ing形式作主语）
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
5.总之，在专心学习的同时，我们也要抓住每次机会拓宽自己的视野和知识面。
（expand； as引导时间状语从句）
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
In my opinion, we should not owe success only to the academic performance. Instead, developing all round is more important.
All in all, as we focus on learning, we should also seize every opportunity to expand our horizons and knowledge.
动作描写·“肩膀、胳膊”动作
Ⅰ.素材积累
短语 with arms crossed 双臂交叉
arm in arm 臂挽臂
hug/hold/embrace sb in one's arms 拥抱某人
catch/grab/hold one's arm 抓住某人的胳膊
put/throw one's arms around sb 抱住某人
pull sb into one's arms 拉某人入怀
短语 hold out/open one's arms 张开双臂
take one's arm 挽住某人的胳膊
tap/pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀
shrug one's shoulders 耸耸肩
sb's shoulders shake 某人肩膀颤抖
look/glance over one's shoulder 回头看
shoulder out 挤出去
stand shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩站着
续表
句子 ①He stood there with arms crossed， looking angry. 他交叉双臂站在
那，看起来很生气。
②She folded her arms and stared at him. 她双臂交叉，凝视着他。
③He held out/opened his arms with a broad smile.他张开双臂，露出灿
烂的笑容。
④My shoulders dropped with relief. 我肩膀一垂，松了口气。
⑤She shouldered her way through the crowd. 她用肩膀挤过人群。
续表
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①他是一个个子中等，肩膀宽阔的男人。他正漫无目的地乱逛，突然感觉有点不对
劲。（with； be doing... when...）
He was a man of medium height，___________________.He
____________________________he sensed something strange.
with broad shoulders
was wandering aimlessly when
②他回头看了看，结果竟然发现一个年轻人正紧跟着他。（动词不定式短语作结果
状语）
__________________________，____________a young man following him closely.
He looked over his shoulder
only to find
③当他问他为什么这么做时，年轻人只是耸耸肩，什么也没说。
When he asked him why he did it， the young man just _____________________
and said nothing.
shrugged his shoulders
④他拍拍年轻人的肩膀，警告他不要再跟着他。
_______________________________________， warning him not to follow him
again.
He tapped the young man on the shoulder
⑤年轻人耸耸肩，走上前和他肩并肩站着，笑着说：“你的钱包丢了。”（动作链描写）
____________________________________， went up to him，
_________________________________and said with a smile， “Your wallet is lost.”
The young man shrugged his shoulders
stood shoulder to shoulder with him
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
___________
答案 He was a man of medium height, with broad shoulders. One day, he was
wandering aimlessly when he sensed something strange. Then, he looked over his
shoulder, only to find a young man following him closely. When he asked him
why he did it, the young man just shrugged his shoulders and said nothing. So, he
tapped the young man on the shoulder,warning him not to follow him again. The
young man shrugged his shoulders, went up to him， stood shoulder to shoulder
with him and said with a smile, “Your wallet is lost.”
主题集训·提能增效
（建议用时：30分钟）
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Passage 1
（2023·广东广州统考模拟）The best ideas are often so smart, so simple and
so clearly needed; it's strange to discover they don't already exist. So it is with
Farm My School, a program that's turning underused land at secondary schools into
commercially achievable, regenerative market gardens farmed by and for local
communities.
Co-founded by permaculturist Ben Shaw and regenerative educator James
McLennan, Farm My School connects local people and organizations through
volunteering that helps establish a school's market garden. Students learn about
community networks, healthy eating, ecological responsibility, waste reduction and
climate relief while helping with food production. Schools integrate all these into
their courses while producing vegetable boxes every week that feed local families,
supply the school's food needs and ultimately pay the farmer's salary.
Farm My School has gained the extraordinary enthusiasm of the locals, who
answered an online shout-out to buy tickets to the program's launch event at Bell
Secondary School last October. Called Build A Farm in a Day Festival, the event
featured workshops by Ben and James to share the skills required to build what
they say is the world's largest no-dig garden. “It was such a powerful event, and I
think that comes down to people wanting to act now,” says James. “We charged
for the experience and 600 guys turned up! They didn't even need free drinks to
get excited. We were gardening till midnight. It was amazing. We've got true
community buy-in.”
Volunteers have since begun beneficial planting throughout the school. Next
steps include further discussions with local communities, employing a farmer, and
bringing in a teacher to develop courses. “We've seen this huge push towards
seeing schools as regenerative spaces, not just for planting but for kids to be more
connected to the outside world, and really seeing the school in a whole new light,”
James says. “For us, the big excitement is that by allowing a professional farmer to
take the responsibility of growing food, it's not only on the school to look after
that farm anymore, which eventually makes it much more sustainable,” adds Ben.
语篇解读 “我的学校农场”项目将中学未充分利用的土地转化为商业上可实现的
可再生市场菜园，菜园由当地社区耕种并为当地社区服务。
1.Why was Farm My School founded ( )
D
A.To raise the income of the local people.
B.To advocate a commercial farming plan.
C.To provide free food for local communities.
D.To turn underused campus land into market gardens.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“turning underused land at secondary schools
into commercially achievable, regenerative market gardens”可知，该项目的成立是为
了将未充分利用的校园土地变成市场菜园。
2.How do schools involve students into the program ( )
A
A.By developing program-based courses.
B.By organizing voluntary work in communities.
C.By offering them part-time jobs in the market gardens.
D.By encouraging them to produce daily vegetable boxes.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Schools integrate all these into their courses
while producing vegetable boxes every week that feed local families, supply the
school's food needs and ultimately pay the farmer's salary.”可知，学校通过开发基于
项目的课程让学生参与这个项目。
3.What does the underlined word “buy-in” mean in Paragraph 3 ( )
C
A.Competition. B.Investment. C.Support. D.Protection.
解析 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“We charged for the experience and 600 guys
turned up! They didn't even need free drinks to get excited. We were gardening till
midnight.”可知，社区的人都来支持他们的活动。由此可猜测，画线词意为“支持”。
4.What is the highlight of the program according to Ben ( )
B
A.It brings in money to support the school.
B.The school farm will be able to last long.
C.The local people will take care of the farm.
D.Students connect more with the outside world.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it's not only on the school to look after that
farm anymore, which eventually makes it much more sustainable”可知，Ben认为这
个项目的亮点是学校农场具有可持续性，能持续发展很长时间。
Passage 2
（2023·陕西宝鸡模拟）A new study released in the journal Plant and Cell
Physiology suggests that ethanol—or alcohol—can help plants survive in times of
drought, even for as long as two weeks without water.
To come up with their finding, the researchers grew wheat and rice plants,
regularly watering them, and then added ethanol to the soil in one group of plants
over three days. They then kept both groups deprived of （中断） water for two
weeks and found that drunk plants grew better than untreated ones. Around 75% of
the drunk wheat and rice plants survived after rewatering, while less than 5% of
the untreated plants did.
The study also looked at how ethanol protected a plant. Using arabidopsis
（拟南芥）, a small plant commonly used in experiments, the researchers
discovered that when ethanol-treated specimens （样品） were deprived of water,
tiny openings on the leaves' surface closed up to preserve water and heat.
The team studied arabidopsis' gene （基因） expression and found that the
ethanol-treated plants started behaving if they were experiencing drought, even
before they were actually deprived of water. This gene expression gave the plants
an advantage in preparing for a drought.
The researchers said, “The finding is not just useful for the world's gardens,
but also for farms growing vital crops like rice and wheat. Drought-resistant crops
could help achieve sustainable food security, which is an issue affecting many parts
of the world right now.” They added that ethanol was a useful and simple way to
increase food production all over the world in times of drought. “The application of
ethanol to plants would be a potent agricultural method to enhance drought
resistance in various plants,” said Motoaki Seki, the study's lead author. But, he
warned that the ethanol needed to be used reasonably as higher concentration of
ethanol prevented plants growing. Seki added, “We will soon begin testing ethanol
on plants in real fields.”
语篇解读 最新研究表明，在土壤中加入乙醇（酒精）可以帮助植物在干旱时期
存活更长时间。
5.What did the researchers find in their study ( )
B
A.Plants produce ethanol in times of drought.
B.Drunk plants could live longer without water.
C.There is no need to water house plants every day.
D.It requires more water to grow wheat in the field.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“can help plants survive in times of drought,
even for as long as two weeks without water”以及第二段中的“They then kept both
groups deprived of water for two weeks and found that drunk plants grew better
than untreated ones.”可知，研究人员发现乙醇（酒精）可以帮助植物在缺水的条件
下存活更长时间。
6.What do the researchers expect of the finding ( )
C
A.It will cut the cost of food production.
B.It will bring about the change of diet.
C.It will help maintain global food security.
D.It will generate increases in food price.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They added that ethanol was a useful and
simple way to increase food production all over the world in times of drought.”可
知，研究人员希望他们的发现可以在干旱时期提高全世界的粮食产量，从而有助于
维护全球粮食安全。
7.What does the underlined word “potent” in the last paragraph mean ( )
B
A.Difficult. B.Effective. C.Similar. D.Primary.
解析 词句猜测题。画线词上文提到，在干旱时期，乙醇（的使用）是增加世界各地
粮食产量的一种有用且简单的方法，所以将乙醇应用于植物将会是一种有效的农业
方法，可以增强各种植物的抗旱性。故画线词意为“有效的”。
8.What does Seki want to stress about ethanol in the text ( )
C
A.It would fit all kinds of plants. B.It has been applied to real fields.
C.It should be used in proper amount. D.It enables wheat plants to grow fast.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But, he warned that the ethanol needed to
be used reasonably as higher concentration of ethanol prevented plants growing.”可
推断，Seki想强调的是人们在土壤中加入的乙醇要适量。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Passage 1
（原创）According to a latest conclusion in the Journal of Neuroscience,
young kids' brains are especially tuned to their mothers' voices.
1. . As kids grow up and expand their social connections beyond their family,
their brains need to be adapted to that growing world. “Just as a baby is tuned
into a mom, adolescents（青少年） have this whole other class of sounds and
voices that they need to tune into,” neuroscientist Daniel Abrams of Stanford
University School of Medicine says.
D
He and his colleagues scanned the brains of 7 to 16 years old as they heard
the voices of either their mothers or unfamiliar women. To simplify the experiment
down to just the sound of a voice, the words were disordered. 2. .
The experiments by Abrams and his colleagues have shown that certain regions
of the brains of kids ages 7 to 12—respond more strongly to mom's voice than to
a voice of an unknown woman. 3. . In these same brain regions in teens,
unfamiliar voices bring greater responses than the voices of their own dear mothers.
The shift from mother to others seems to happen between ages 13 and 14.
G
E
“It's not that these adolescent brain areas stop responding to mom,” Abrams
says. Rather, the unfamiliar voices become more rewarding and worthy of attention.
4. . Exploring new people and situations is a feature of adolescence.
Voices can carry powerful signals. When stressed-out girls heard their moms'
voices on the phone, the girls' stress dropped, Abrams and his colleagues found.
5. .
B
C
A.The current results support the idea.
B.“And that's exactly how it should be,” Abrams says.
C.The same was not true for texts from their mothers.
D.But the finding may reflect something much deeper.
E.“In adolescence, we show the exact opposite of that,” Abrams says.
F.The finding might change across various mother-child relationships.
G.As the children and teenagers listened, certain parts of their brains became active.
语篇解读 根据《神经科学杂志》的最新结论可知，孩子们的大脑特别适应他们
母亲的声音。但是随着研究的深入，这种情况在青春期发生了一些变化。
1.___
D
解析 根据上文内容可知，《神经科学杂志》提出最新结论：孩子们的大脑特别适应
他们母亲的声音。根据下文内容可知，在青少年的大脑中，陌生的声音比他们母亲
的声音更能引起他们的反应，上下文存在转折关系，故D项符合语境，选项中的
“finding”呼应上文中的“conclusion”。
2.___
G
解析 根据上文内容可知，为了将实验简化到只有声音，单词是无序的。G项与上文
衔接，符合语境，且选项中的“listened”和上文中的“sound of a voice”相呼应，brains
在本段首句中也出现了，为词汇复现。
3.___
E
解析 根据上文内容可知，Abrams和他的同事们做的实验表明，7到12岁的孩子大脑
的某些区域对妈妈的声音比对陌生女人的声音反应更强烈；再根据下文内容可知，
在青少年的大脑中，陌生的声音比他们母亲的声音更能引起他们的反应。这种转变
似乎发生在13到14岁之间。故E项承上启下，符合语境。
4.___
B
解析 根据上文内容可知，并不是说青少年的大脑区域不再对母亲做出反应，而是陌
生的声音变得更值得关注。根据下文内容可知，探索新事物是青春期的一个特点。
故B项承上启下，符合语境。
5.___
C
解析 根据上文内容可知，声音可以携带强有力的信号，当压力过大的女孩在电话里
听到妈妈的声音时，她们的压力就会减轻。故C项承接上文，突出母亲的声音的重要
性，符合语境。
Passage 2
（2023·山东济南模拟）It seems a bit strange to imagine ancient Egyptians
celebrating their birthdays with layered cakes topped with lighted candles.1. .
The first birthday cakes were nothing of what they are today and weren't even
called birthday cakes.2. . At that time only they could afford to celebrate with
something sweet. That is how cakes became associated with special occasions.
G
B
Ancient Egyptians are credited with “inventing” the birthday celebration. And
ancient Greeks borrowed the tradition but rightfully realized that a dessert would
make the celebration all the more meaningful. So they baked moon-shaped cakes to
offer up to the moon.3. .
It wasn't just the ancient Egyptians and Greeks who celebrated with sweet
cakes.4. .And it's believed that the original birthday cake came from them. Rather
than just celebrating birthdays, though,ancient Rome was known for celebrating all
things with a cake including wedding,but there was an exception—the birthdays
celebrated were only for men who were citizens, and they had to be famous.
E
A
Modern birthday parties are said to get their roots from the 18th-century
German celebration. On the morning of a child's birthday, he or she would receive
a cake with lighted candles that added up to the child's age plus one.5. .The
birthday child would make a wish, try to blow out all the candles in one breath,
and dig in.
F
A.Ancient Romans also had their traditions.
B.Rather, they were symbolic of the noble class.
C.Ancient Greeks made the first birthday cakes.
D.On birthday, children would eat cakes made by their mums.
E.They also decorated the cakes to make them shine like the moon.
F.This extra candle was called the light of hope for another new year.
G.However, they're the ones who first came up with the idea to do so.
语篇解读 文章主要介绍了蛋糕的起源以及它的发展史。
1.___
G
解析 上文提到想象古埃及人用蛋糕庆祝生日似乎有点奇怪，G项和上文存在转折关
系，说明了他们是最先提出这个想法的人，选项中的they指代ancient Egyptians。故
G项符合语境。
2.___
B
解析 上文提到最初的生日蛋糕与今天的生日蛋糕完全不同，下文说明了古埃及的生
日蛋糕的特殊性。由此可推断，此处应解释古埃及的生日蛋糕和现在的蛋糕为什么
不一样。故B项符合语境。
3.___
E
解析 上文提到古希腊人对蛋糕的设计及其用意，E项承接上文，符合语境。
4.___
A
解析 上文提到不仅仅是古埃及人和古希腊人用蛋糕来庆祝生日，下文指出人们认为
最初的生日蛋糕就是来自他们。由此可推断，此处应说明还有其他国家或者地方有
这样的传统习俗。故A项符合语境。下文中的“ancient Rome”也是提示。
5.___
F
解析 上文提到蛋糕上的蜡烛数量是孩子的年龄加一，此处应说明超出数量的那只蜡
烛的寓意。故F项符合语境。UNIT 5 EDUCATION
【语篇填空】
One objective of education is to help us gain knowledge. However, the road to 1. (pursue) knowledge is not always smooth. Take Helen Keller for example. She was an exceptionally special girl. In her childhood, she lost her eyesight and hearing. With these severe 2. (restrict) to her communication, her behaviour was often troublesome and stubborn, and she had a tendency to show anger. Anne Sullivan, the first teacher 3. (enlighten) Helen, was a superb teacher, whose teaching technique was simple and straightforward. She put an object into Helen's hand gently and spelt out the word on her other hand. With this method, from “doll” to “water”, Helen grasped the key to learning precious knowledge. 4. trying to learn words was a gradual and painful process, Helen was always enthusiastic and excited about learning. As Helen's vocabulary expanded, it was apparent that more complex or abstract words sometimes puzzled her.
Education can expose us 5. a variety of ideas and give us insight into how others think. Moreover, education goes beyond the acquisition of knowledge. It provides learners with the tools to develop skills, think for themselves and learn throughout their lives. For example, it can help us form our own judgement, take a 6. (criticize) look at surrounding circumstances and stimulate our initiative respectively so that we can successfully analyse information.
As we know, we acquire and understand knowledge with this type of analysis. In the 17th century, Bacon, who held an important rank in the royal court of England, 7. (urge) people to use this type of thinking to solve the problems of the universe. But they didn't want to abandon what they'd always thought as true. They made the assumption that if someone 8. (respect) said that something was right, then it must be so. Galileo, for example, 9. (punish) by the church and was put in prison because he didn't approve of the primitive ideas of Aristotle. Today, we owe so much to Bacon and Galileo, 10. were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's civilization is built on.
【核心考点】
重点单词
1.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的 <变>disappointing adj.令人失望的;扫兴的 disappointment n.失望;灰心;扫兴;令人失望的事或人 disappoint vt.使失望
(2022·北京卷)If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Johnson
警告说,如果研究人员不能兑现承诺,兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒。
①Though it was a little unexpected, I didn't feel (disappoint) at all when hearing this.
②On the contrary, disappointed his behaviour, I told all this to my best friend.
③(2021·新高考卷)To their disappointment,they failed to cook
a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(读后续写·心理描写)
→ was that they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(主语从句)
→They failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt, .(定语从句)
2.worthy adj.值得……的;有价值的 <变>worth adj.值得的 n.价值 worthwhile adj.重要的;值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
(China Daily)His behavior is definitely not worthy of being advocated.
他的行为绝对不值得提倡。
①You may not succeed, but it is worthy a try.
②(五育·智育)He notes down everything in the class that's worth (remember).
③The West Lake is worthy to (pay) a visit to.
④Furthermore, , because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods.
此外,我们的课程值得参加,因为你可以领会到中西方教学方法的差异。(邀请信)
⑤(2021·新高考卷)Seeing Mother's smiling face, the twins both .
看到妈妈的笑脸,双胞胎发现他们的辛苦是值得的。(读后续写·心理描写)
3.circumstance n.[usually pl.] 条件;环境;状况 <近>condition
(2023·全国甲卷)...when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.……当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时,我们会对周围的环境感到不耐烦。
①Due to some (circumstance) beyond our control the lecture was put off.
②Under circumstance should youngsters follow negative information on mass media blindly.
③ , you should make sure that they understand that you have very special skills.
如果情况允许的话,你应该确保他们都了解你有很专业的技能。
④(2022·浙江1月卷)My partner was ill. ,he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected data with me,and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.
我的搭档生病了。即使在这种情况下,他仍然不遗余力地和我一起分析并评估我们收集的数据,我内心深处的敬佩之情油然而生。(读后续写·心理描写)
4.conclusion n.结论;推论 <变>conclude vt.& vi.推断出;断定;结束
(Global Times)August 8, 2023 marked the successful conclusion of the Chengdu FISU Games, a prestigious sporting event that showcased the highest level of sports excellence among university students worldwide.
2023年8月8日标志着成都大运会的圆满结束,这是一项享有盛誉的体育赛事,展示了全球大学生的最高体育水平。
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Each chapter concludes a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
②(2022·北京卷)Crystal knew that visions alone don't produce results, but (conclude) that “we'll never produce results that we can't envision”.
③I that it is important to work with our own hands.
我从我自己的经历中得出结论:用自己的双手劳动很重要。(日记)
④ , it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting wild animals.
总之,现在是我们致力于保护野生动物的时候了。(话题写作·保护野生动物)
5.responsible adj.负责的;有责任的 <反>irresponsible adj.不负责任的;无责任感的 <变>responsibility n.责任;职责;义务
(People's Daily Online)The two countries should act with a sense of responsibility for history, for the people and for the world,and handle China-US relations properly.
两国应该本着对历史、对人民、对世界负责的态度,处理好中美关系。
①(2022·全国乙卷)China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to
promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
②(China Daily)It is every Chinese's responsibility (keep) China a unified country at any time.
③(2022·全国甲卷)We are supposed to and spare no effort to protect oceans from being polluted.
我们应该对我们的行为负责,尽全力去保护海洋不受污染。(话题写作·海洋保护)
6.owe vt.欠(账、债、人情等);归功于……;应感谢
(China Daily)We owe it to ourselves and to future generations to ensure that our entertainment industry operates ethically and to the highest standards.
确保我们的娱乐行业以道德和最高标准运营,这是我们自己和子孙后代的责任。
①Mary will take care of the baby—she (owe) me a favour.
②He owes his good health his healthy lifestyle.
③(2021·北京)I for failing to go outing with you this Sunday.
本周日我不能和你去郊游, 我得向你道歉。(道歉信)
④(2022·新高考卷)David was out of breath at the finishing line, saying,“ I can overcome my internal panic to challenge myself in the cross-country run.”
David在终点线气喘吁吁地说道:“正是因为您的鼓励,我才能够克服内心的恐惧,在越野跑中挑战自我。”(读后续写·对话描写)
7.puzzled adj.困惑的;无法理解的 <变>puzzle v.迷惑;使困惑 n.智力游戏;不解之谜;疑问 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 puzzlement n.困惑
(China Daily)The black hole holds many mysteries that have puzzled scientists for decades, such as its birth and growth.
这个黑洞有许多困扰了科学家们几十年的谜团,比如它的诞生和发展。
①After hearing the news, the inspector had a (puzzle) look on his face.
②Much to the (puzzle) of his mother, he left home without saying a word.
③This morning I was walking on the street when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, .今天早晨我正在大街上走,就在这时我看见两个游客正在困惑地看着地图。(周记)
8.insist on坚持;一定要
(China Daily)We will continue to insist on green development, grab business opportunities and combine our advantages in capital, technology and management.
我们会继续坚持绿色发展,抓住商机并结合资本、技术、管理三方面的优势。
①He insisted that parents (leave) enough space for children,which is good for their all-rounded development.
②He insisted that he (be) right, which made us doubt our previous judgement.
③My mother insisted sending me to the hospital, where I received good medical treatment.
④The Students' Union
______________________________________________________________________________
学生会坚决要求每个参与者按时到达大厅。(通知)
9.regardless of 不管;不顾
(2022·北京卷)For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.
例如,无论我们的年龄和工作方式如何,我们必须每天都锻炼。
①You will hurt others if you say what you think,regardless other people's feelings.
② spite of the fact that it rains, we can still take part in physical activities in the stadium.
③(2021·新高考卷) , the twins still prepared an exceptional breakfast for their mother with great expectations.
不顾他们缺乏烹饪经验的事实,双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为他们的妈妈准备了一顿特别的早餐。(读后续写·心理描写)
10.It is the first time+从句
(WY·X2U4)It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF.
这不是作者第一次与无国界医生合作。
①The teacher criticized him, because it was the second time that he (make) the same mistake.
②I'll never forget hearing this piece of music the first time.
③But this is the first time that an application and the personal resume, so I don't know if there is something to pay attention to.但这是我第一次写申请和个人履历,因此我不知道是否有什么需要注意的。(求助信)
④(2022·全国甲卷)All in all, it is high time protecting the ocean. To protect the ocean is to protect ourselves.
总之,现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。保护海洋就是保护我们自己。(话题写作·海洋保护)
11.动词-ing形式作主语
(P31)Trying to learn the word “love” was an experience that she remembered well.
努力学习“爱”这个词是她记忆犹新的一次经历。
① (work) in these conditions is not a pleasure.
②Their (come) to help was a great encouragement to us.
③Unfortunately, (burn) coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming.
④ makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
⑤ the exam made him even more depressed.
没通过考试使他变得更加沮丧了。
【梯级训练】
基础达标练
语境辨义练
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.(2023·全国甲卷)It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list.
2.Your humour must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are in sympathy with their point of view.
3.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
4.The plan to abstract water from the river has proved to be practical.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.promote
A.vt.推广;宣传 B.vt.发起;主办 C.vt.促进;推动 D.vt.晋升;升级
①(2023·全国乙卷)Not only do they look beautiful, but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.
②The company is promoting its new products on television.
③He worked hard and was soon promoted.
④He promoted a campaign to remind the public of protecting the wildlife.
2.stream
A.vi.流出;流动 B.n.(人)流 C.n.水流
D.n.小河;溪
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.
②(2021·全国甲卷)The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
③Tears streamed down his checks as he recounted his unhappy experience.
④She stopped rowing and let the boat float with the stream.
3.shadow
A.n.暗处;阴影处 B.n.阴影;影子 C.n.少许;一丁点 D.n.(坏)影响
①The sun shone through the leaves, casting shadows on the lawn.
②Someone jumped out of the shadows and grabbed my handbag.
③These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear.
④A shadow of a smile touched his mouth.
考点强化练
1.(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take (responsible) for saving their environment.
2.(2023·全国乙卷)According to a new study from market (analyze), 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of (excite).
4.(2022·浙江1月卷)Her pet transport job was born of the (finance) crisis(危机) in the late 2000s.
5.(2021·全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become (educate) about the areas.
6.To our delight, the result of the experiment is entirely consistent what we evaluated.
7.When the door of our car opened, Mom stormed out instantly and urged us (put) up the tent.
8.When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel (disappoint) and troublesome.
9.The company has shown (exception) breakthroughs over the past two years.
10.The government placed a (restrict) on the number of foreign cars that could be imported.
11.As a Senior 3 student, it is apparent that you have a (tend) to get anxious with time going by.
12.Be sure to gain knowledge of the (relate) information before you apply for the precious position.
写作衔接练
现象评论·正确看待学习成绩
1.如今,一些父母对孩子的学习成绩要求过高,因为他们坚持认为孩子有责任高度重视自己的学习。(pursue; significance; responsibility; insist后接宾语从句; now that引导原因状语从句)
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2.在这种情况下,孩子们被限制在教室里解数学题或记英语单词,随之,他们的视力越来越差。(restrict; eyesight; with的复合结构)
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3.更重要的是,他们放弃了很多兴趣爱好,全身心地投入学业中。(abandon)
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4.在我看来,我们不应该把成功仅仅归因于学业成绩。相反,全面发展更重要。(owe; 动词-ing形式作主语)
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5.总之,在专心学习的同时,我们也要抓住每次机会拓宽自己的视野和知识面。(expand; as引导时间状语从句)
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动作描写·“肩膀、胳膊”动作
Ⅰ.素材积累
短语 with arms crossed 双臂交叉 arm in arm 臂挽臂 hug/hold/embrace sb in one's arms 拥抱某人 catch/grab/hold one's arm 抓住某人的胳膊 put/throw one's arms around sb 抱住某人 pull sb into one's arms 拉某人入怀 hold out/open one's arms 张开双臂 take one's arm 挽住某人的胳膊 tap/pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀 shrug one's shoulders 耸耸肩 sb's shoulders shake 某人肩膀颤抖 look/glance over one's shoulder 回头看 shoulder out 挤出去 stand shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩站着
句子 ①He stood there with arms crossed, looking angry. 他交叉双臂站在那,看起来很生气。 ②She folded her arms and stared at him. 她双臂交叉,凝视着他。 ③He held out/opened his arms with a broad smile.他张开双臂,露出灿烂的笑容。 ④My shoulders dropped with relief. 我肩膀一垂,松了口气。 ⑤She shouldered her way through the crowd. 她用肩膀挤过人群。
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①他是一个个子中等,肩膀宽阔的男人。他正漫无目的地乱逛,突然感觉有点不对劲。(with; be doing... when...)
He was a man of medium height, .He he sensed something strange.
②他回头看了看,结果竟然发现一个年轻人正紧跟着他。(动词不定式短语作结果状语)
, a young man following him closely.
③当他问他为什么这么做时,年轻人只是耸耸肩,什么也没说。
When he asked him why he did it, the young man just and said nothing.
④他拍拍年轻人的肩膀,警告他不要再跟着他。
, warning him not to follow him again.
⑤年轻人耸耸肩,走上前和他肩并肩站着,笑着说:“你的钱包丢了。”(动作链描写)
, went up to him, and said with a smile, “Your wallet is lost.”
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
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______________________________________________________________________________UNIT 5 EDUCATION
【语篇填空】
One objective of education is to help us gain knowledge. However, the road to 1. (pursue) knowledge is not always smooth. Take Helen Keller for example. She was an exceptionally special girl. In her childhood, she lost her eyesight and hearing. With these severe 2. (restrict) to her communication, her behaviour was often troublesome and stubborn, and she had a tendency to show anger. Anne Sullivan, the first teacher 3. (enlighten) Helen, was a superb teacher, whose teaching technique was simple and straightforward. She put an object into Helen's hand gently and spelt out the word on her other hand. With this method, from “doll” to “water”, Helen grasped the key to learning precious knowledge. 4. trying to learn words was a gradual and painful process, Helen was always enthusiastic and excited about learning. As Helen's vocabulary expanded, it was apparent that more complex or abstract words sometimes puzzled her.
Education can expose us 5. a variety of ideas and give us insight into how others think. Moreover, education goes beyond the acquisition of knowledge. It provides learners with the tools to develop skills, think for themselves and learn throughout their lives. For example, it can help us form our own judgement, take a 6. (criticize) look at surrounding circumstances and stimulate our initiative respectively so that we can successfully analyse information.
As we know, we acquire and understand knowledge with this type of analysis. In the 17th century, Bacon, who held an important rank in the royal court of England, 7. (urge) people to use this type of thinking to solve the problems of the universe. But they didn't want to abandon what they'd always thought as true. They made the assumption that if someone 8. (respect) said that something was right, then it must be so. Galileo, for example, 9. (punish) by the church and was put in prison because he didn't approve of the primitive ideas of Aristotle. Today, we owe so much to Bacon and Galileo, 10. were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought to find the kingdom of knowledge that today's civilization is built on.
【答案】1.pursuing 2.restrictions 3.to enlighten 4.Although 5.to 6.critical 7.urged 8.respected/respectable 9.was punished 10.who
【核心考点】
重点单词
1.disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的 <变>disappointing adj.令人失望的;扫兴的 disappointment n.失望;灰心;扫兴;令人失望的事或人 disappoint vt.使失望
(2022·北京卷)If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Johnson
警告说,如果研究人员不能兑现承诺,兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒。
①Though it was a little unexpected, I didn't feel (disappoint) at all when hearing this.
②On the contrary, disappointed his behaviour, I told all this to my best friend.
③(2021·新高考卷)To their disappointment,they failed to cook
a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(读后续写·心理描写)
→ was that they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(主语从句)
→They failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt, .(定语从句)
【答案】①disappointed ②by/at/in/with ③What made them disappointed/What disappointed them; which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
2.worthy adj.值得……的;有价值的 <变>worth adj.值得的 n.价值 worthwhile adj.重要的;值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
(China Daily)His behavior is definitely not worthy of being advocated.
他的行为绝对不值得提倡。
①You may not succeed, but it is worthy a try.
②(五育·智育)He notes down everything in the class that's worth (remember).
③The West Lake is worthy to (pay) a visit to.
④Furthermore, , because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods.
此外,我们的课程值得参加,因为你可以领会到中西方教学方法的差异。(邀请信)
⑤(2021·新高考卷)Seeing Mother's smiling face, the twins both .
看到妈妈的笑脸,双胞胎发现他们的辛苦是值得的。(读后续写·心理描写)
【答案】①of ②remembering ③be paid ④our classes are worthy of being attended ⑤found their hard work was worth it
3.circumstance n.[usually pl.] 条件;环境;状况 <近>condition
(2023·全国甲卷)...when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.……当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时,我们会对周围的环境感到不耐烦。
①Due to some (circumstance) beyond our control the lecture was put off.
②Under circumstance should youngsters follow negative information on mass media blindly.
③ , you should make sure that they understand that you have very special skills.
如果情况允许的话,你应该确保他们都了解你有很专业的技能。
④(2022·浙江1月卷)My partner was ill. ,he still spared no effort to analyse and evaluate our collected data with me,and a feeling of admiration began to rise in my deep heart.
我的搭档生病了。即使在这种情况下,他仍然不遗余力地和我一起分析并评估我们收集的数据,我内心深处的敬佩之情油然而生。(读后续写·心理描写)
【答案】①circumstances ②no ③If circumstances permit ④Even under/in the circumstances
4.conclusion n.结论;推论 <变>conclude vt.& vi.推断出;断定;结束
(Global Times)August 8, 2023 marked the successful conclusion of the Chengdu FISU Games, a prestigious sporting event that showcased the highest level of sports excellence among university students worldwide.
2023年8月8日标志着成都大运会的圆满结束,这是一项享有盛誉的体育赛事,展示了全球大学生的最高体育水平。
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Each chapter concludes a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
②(2022·北京卷)Crystal knew that visions alone don't produce results, but (conclude) that “we'll never produce results that we can't envision”.
③I that it is important to work with our own hands.
我从我自己的经历中得出结论:用自己的双手劳动很重要。(日记)
④ , it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting wild animals.
总之,现在是我们致力于保护野生动物的时候了。(话题写作·保护野生动物)
【答案】①with ②concluded ③concluded from my own experiences ④In conclusion
5.responsible adj.负责的;有责任的 <反>irresponsible adj.不负责任的;无责任感的 <变>responsibility n.责任;职责;义务
(People's Daily Online)The two countries should act with a sense of responsibility for history, for the people and for the world,and handle China-US relations properly.
两国应该本着对历史、对人民、对世界负责的态度,处理好中美关系。
①(2022·全国乙卷)China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to
promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
②(China Daily)It is every Chinese's responsibility (keep) China a unified country at any time.
③(2022·全国甲卷)We are supposed to and spare no effort to protect oceans from being polluted.
我们应该对我们的行为负责,尽全力去保护海洋不受污染。(话题写作·海洋保护)
【答案】①responsibility ②to keep ③be responsible for/take responsibility for our own behaviour
6.owe vt.欠(账、债、人情等);归功于……;应感谢
(China Daily)We owe it to ourselves and to future generations to ensure that our entertainment industry operates ethically and to the highest standards.
确保我们的娱乐行业以道德和最高标准运营,这是我们自己和子孙后代的责任。
①Mary will take care of the baby—she (owe) me a favour.
②He owes his good health his healthy lifestyle.
③(2021·北京)I for failing to go outing with you this Sunday.
本周日我不能和你去郊游, 我得向你道歉。(道歉信)
④(2022·新高考卷)David was out of breath at the finishing line, saying,“ I can overcome my internal panic to challenge myself in the cross-country run.”
David在终点线气喘吁吁地说道:“正是因为您的鼓励,我才能够克服内心的恐惧,在越野跑中挑战自我。”(读后续写·对话描写)
【答案】①owes ②to ③owe an apology to you ④It is owing to your encouragement that
7.puzzled adj.困惑的;无法理解的 <变>puzzle v.迷惑;使困惑 n.智力游戏;不解之谜;疑问 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 puzzlement n.困惑
(China Daily)The black hole holds many mysteries that have puzzled scientists for decades, such as its birth and growth.
这个黑洞有许多困扰了科学家们几十年的谜团,比如它的诞生和发展。
①After hearing the news, the inspector had a (puzzle) look on his face.
②Much to the (puzzle) of his mother, he left home without saying a word.
③This morning I was walking on the street when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, .今天早晨我正在大街上走,就在这时我看见两个游客正在困惑地看着地图。(周记)
【答案】①puzzled ②puzzlement ③looking puzzled
8.insist on坚持;一定要
(China Daily)We will continue to insist on green development, grab business opportunities and combine our advantages in capital, technology and management.
我们会继续坚持绿色发展,抓住商机并结合资本、技术、管理三方面的优势。
①He insisted that parents (leave) enough space for children,which is good for their all-rounded development.
②He insisted that he (be) right, which made us doubt our previous judgement.
③My mother insisted sending me to the hospital, where I received good medical treatment.
④The Students' Union
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学生会坚决要求每个参与者按时到达大厅。(通知)
【答案】①(should) leave ②was ③on ④insists that every participant (should) arrive at the hall on time
9.regardless of 不管;不顾
(2022·北京卷)For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.
例如,无论我们的年龄和工作方式如何,我们必须每天都锻炼。
①You will hurt others if you say what you think,regardless other people's feelings.
② spite of the fact that it rains, we can still take part in physical activities in the stadium.
③(2021·新高考卷) , the twins still prepared an exceptional breakfast for their mother with great expectations.
不顾他们缺乏烹饪经验的事实,双胞胎仍然满怀期待地为他们的妈妈准备了一顿特别的早餐。(读后续写·心理描写)
【答案】①of ②In ③Regardless of/In spite of the fact that they lacked cooking experience
10.It is the first time+从句
(WY·X2U4)It is not the first time the author has worked with MSF.
这不是作者第一次与无国界医生合作。
①The teacher criticized him, because it was the second time that he (make) the same mistake.
②I'll never forget hearing this piece of music the first time.
③But this is the first time that an application and the personal resume, so I don't know if there is something to pay attention to.但这是我第一次写申请和个人履历,因此我不知道是否有什么需要注意的。(求助信)
④(2022·全国甲卷)All in all, it is high time protecting the ocean. To protect the ocean is to protect ourselves.
总之,现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。保护海洋就是保护我们自己。(话题写作·海洋保护)
【答案】①had made ②for ③I have written ④that we devoted ourselves to
11.动词-ing形式作主语
(P31)Trying to learn the word “love” was an experience that she remembered well.
努力学习“爱”这个词是她记忆犹新的一次经历。
① (work) in these conditions is not a pleasure.
②Their (come) to help was a great encouragement to us.
③Unfortunately, (burn) coal causes serious air pollution and increases global warming.
④ makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
⑤ the exam made him even more depressed.
没通过考试使他变得更加沮丧了。
【答案】①Working ②coming ③burning ④Listening to music⑤His not being able to pass
【梯级训练】
基础达标练
语境辨义练
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.(2023·全国甲卷)It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list.
2.Your humour must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are in sympathy with their point of view.
3.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
4.The plan to abstract water from the river has proved to be practical.
【答案】1.v.排名;排位 2.n.同意;赞同 3.n.目标 4.v.抽取
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.promote
A.vt.推广;宣传 B.vt.发起;主办 C.vt.促进;推动 D.vt.晋升;升级
①(2023·全国乙卷)Not only do they look beautiful, but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.
②The company is promoting its new products on television.
③He worked hard and was soon promoted.
④He promoted a campaign to remind the public of protecting the wildlife.
【答案】①C ②A ③D ④B
2.stream
A.vi.流出;流动 B.n.(人)流 C.n.水流
D.n.小河;溪
①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.
②(2021·全国甲卷)The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
③Tears streamed down his checks as he recounted his unhappy experience.
④She stopped rowing and let the boat float with the stream.
【答案】①D ②B ③A ④C
3.shadow
A.n.暗处;阴影处 B.n.阴影;影子 C.n.少许;一丁点 D.n.(坏)影响
①The sun shone through the leaves, casting shadows on the lawn.
②Someone jumped out of the shadows and grabbed my handbag.
③These people have been living for years under the shadow of fear.
④A shadow of a smile touched his mouth.
【答案】①B ②A ③D ④C
考点强化练
1.(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take (responsible) for saving their environment.
2.(2023·全国乙卷)According to a new study from market (analyze), 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food.
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of (excite).
4.(2022·浙江1月卷)Her pet transport job was born of the (finance) crisis(危机) in the late 2000s.
5.(2021·全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become (educate) about the areas.
6.To our delight, the result of the experiment is entirely consistent what we evaluated.
7.When the door of our car opened, Mom stormed out instantly and urged us (put) up the tent.
8.When things go wrong, all of us naturally feel (disappoint) and troublesome.
9.The company has shown (exception) breakthroughs over the past two years.
10.The government placed a (restrict) on the number of foreign cars that could be imported.
11.As a Senior 3 student, it is apparent that you have a (tend) to get anxious with time going by.
12.Be sure to gain knowledge of the (relate) information before you apply for the precious position.
【答案】1.responsibility 2.analysts 3.excitement 4.financial 5.educated 6.with 7.to put
8.disappointed 9.exceptional 10.restriction 11.tendency 12.related
写作衔接练
现象评论·正确看待学习成绩
1.如今,一些父母对孩子的学习成绩要求过高,因为他们坚持认为孩子有责任高度重视自己的学习。(pursue; significance; responsibility; insist后接宾语从句; now that引导原因状语从句)
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2.在这种情况下,孩子们被限制在教室里解数学题或记英语单词,随之,他们的视力越来越差。(restrict; eyesight; with的复合结构)
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3.更重要的是,他们放弃了很多兴趣爱好,全身心地投入学业中。(abandon)
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4.在我看来,我们不应该把成功仅仅归因于学业成绩。相反,全面发展更重要。(owe; 动词-ing形式作主语)
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5.总之,在专心学习的同时,我们也要抓住每次机会拓宽自己的视野和知识面。(expand; as引导时间状语从句)
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【答案】
1.Nowadays, now that some parents insist that it is their children's responsibility to attach great significance to their academic study, they pursue too much on their children's academic performance.
2.Under this circumstance, the children are restricted to the classrooms to solve math problems or remember English words with their eyesight becoming worse and worse.
3.What's more, they give up their interest, and abandon themselves to their academic subjects.
4.In my opinion, we should not owe the success only to the academic performance.Instead, developing all round is more important.
5.All in all, as we focus on learning, we should also seize every opportunity to expand our horizons and knowledge.
动作描写·“肩膀、胳膊”动作
Ⅰ.素材积累
短语 with arms crossed 双臂交叉 arm in arm 臂挽臂 hug/hold/embrace sb in one's arms 拥抱某人 catch/grab/hold one's arm 抓住某人的胳膊 put/throw one's arms around sb 抱住某人 pull sb into one's arms 拉某人入怀 hold out/open one's arms 张开双臂 take one's arm 挽住某人的胳膊 tap/pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀 shrug one's shoulders 耸耸肩 sb's shoulders shake 某人肩膀颤抖 look/glance over one's shoulder 回头看 shoulder out 挤出去 stand shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩站着
句子 ①He stood there with arms crossed, looking angry. 他交叉双臂站在那,看起来很生气。 ②She folded her arms and stared at him. 她双臂交叉,凝视着他。 ③He held out/opened his arms with a broad smile.他张开双臂,露出灿烂的笑容。 ④My shoulders dropped with relief. 我肩膀一垂,松了口气。 ⑤She shouldered her way through the crowd. 她用肩膀挤过人群。
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①他是一个个子中等,肩膀宽阔的男人。他正漫无目的地乱逛,突然感觉有点不对劲。(with; be doing... when...)
He was a man of medium height, .He he sensed something strange.
②他回头看了看,结果竟然发现一个年轻人正紧跟着他。(动词不定式短语作结果状语)
, a young man following him closely.
③当他问他为什么这么做时,年轻人只是耸耸肩,什么也没说。
When he asked him why he did it, the young man just and said nothing.
④他拍拍年轻人的肩膀,警告他不要再跟着他。
, warning him not to follow him again.
⑤年轻人耸耸肩,走上前和他肩并肩站着,笑着说:“你的钱包丢了。”(动作链描写)
, went up to him, and said with a smile, “Your wallet is lost.”
【答案】①with broad shoulders;was wandering aimlessly when ②He looked over his shoulder;only to find ③shrugged his shoulders ④He tapped the young man on the shoulder ⑤The young man shrugged his shoulders; stood shoulder to shoulder with him
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
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【答案】He was a man of medium height, with broad shoulders. One day, he was wandering aimlessly when he sensed something strange. Then, he looked over his shoulder, only to find a young man following him closely. When he asked him why he did it, the young man just shrugged his shoulders and said nothing. So, he tapped the young man on the shoulder,warning him not to follow him again.The young man shrugged his shoulders, went up to him, stood shoulder to shoulder with him and said with a smile, “Your wallet is lost.”
