(共94张PPT)
UNIT 8 LITERATURE
语篇填空·一文练透
核心考点·精讲精练
梯级训练·循序渐进
主题集训·提能增效
语篇填空·一文练透
核心考点·精讲精练
梯级训练·循序渐进
主题集训·提能增效
语篇填空·一文练透
James， a young fellow who likes literary works， enjoys reading fiction，
poetry， fables and folk stories，especially those filled with adventures and
fantasy.His shelf is not vacant at all, but is filled with books 1._________
（publish） in different eras. In his spare time, he also recites some poetry with
special structures in a dramatic and 2.__________ （emotion） tone and submits
his own works to some media. Besides， he likes watching historical dramas
because the plots of them are always absorbing and stimulating.
published
emotional
Once he got a chance to act as an extra．He 3.______________（wander）
backwards and forwards on 4.___ frozen lake with his body wrapped in a dirty
blanket, his mind going blank when he slipped aside suddenly. A janitor went by
after sweeping some fallen leaves and stared at him in 5._________（belief）,
suspecting him of committing a crime. In fact, he was acting a pensive poet,
evidently living in solitude.
was wandering
a
disbelief
At one time, he got a job and worked as a seaman 6._______ （sail） in the
icy bay. His clothing fluttered in the cold wind and flakes of snow
7.____________ （continuous） struck him in the face. The waves were so
violent that he was tossed into the water and nearly drowned.He began to sink.In
8.___________（desperate），he grabbed a solid board. After a short rest, he
comforted himself 9._____ the thought that some being aboard would come across
him and offer him preservation. Nevertheless, he was unconscious 10.______ he
was saved at daybreak.
sailing
continuously
desperation
with
when
核心考点·精讲精练
1.submit vt. & vi.提交；呈递；屈服 〈变〉submission n.屈服；呈送；
提交 submissive adj.顺从的
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date
through Blackboard， our online learning and course management system.
所有作业将在指定日期前通过我们的在线学习和课程管理系统Blackboard提交。
①（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）Across the 320 ____________（submit）， a pattern of
categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.
②（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）Besides， I even submitted my own fiction ___ Youth.
submissions
to
③Those who are interested in this summer camp must
_________________________________________ by May 15.
对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。（通知）
submit their applications and related materials
④（2022·新高考卷）David wiped his tears and held his head high， remarking
determinedly， “_________________________________________.”
David擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈服于其他人的看法。”
（读后续写·语言描写）
I will never submit myself to others' opinions
2.strike vt.& vi.（struck， struck/stricken） 击打；侵袭；罢工；袭击；
忽然想起；划（火柴）；报时n.罢工；罢课；袭击
（2021·全国乙卷）His comment struck me as strange. After all， coworking
spaces also typically use an open office layout.
他的话让我感到奇怪。毕竟，公用办公区域通常也使用开放式的办公室布局。
①（2021·浙江1月卷）It suddenly struck me _____I could win the first place by
forcing my head inside the pumpkin.
②A big earthquake_______（strike） the city last year， killing hundreds of people.
that
struck
③（2023·浙江1月卷）Throughout the event， ________________________________
______________that exist in our world.
在整个活动过程中，我被这个世界上存在的各种各样的植物所震撼。（报道）
I was struck by the incredible variety of plants
④Because I was struck with what he had done for me，I couldn't contain myself，
tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.（读后续写·心理描写）
→___________________________________，I couldn't contain myself，tears of
gratitude flowing down my cheeks.（过去分词短语作状语）
Struck with what he had done for me
3.comfort n.舒适；安慰；令人感到安慰的人或物 vt.安慰 〈变〉
comfortable adj.安慰的；舒适的 comfortably adv.舒适地 〈反〉
discomfort n.不适；不安 vt.使不舒服；使不安 uncomfortable adj.不舒适
的；不舒服的
（2023·全国甲卷）So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the
only state we will tolerate， and when we experience something outside of our
comfort zone， we get impatient about the circumstances.
我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历了舒适区之外的
事情时，我们就会对这种状况感到不耐烦。
①（2022·全国甲卷）The more time you spend in any given country， the more
___________（comfort） you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
②Although I'm burdened with great pressure，encouragementfrom my parents is a
great comfort ___ me.
③His parents comforted him____his failure in the driving test.
comfortable
to
for
④__________________________， my father rose to his feet， came up to me
and gathered me into his arms _________________________________.看到我不舒服，
爸爸站起来，走到我跟前，把我揽入怀中并用鼓舞人心的话语安慰我。
（读后续写·动作描写）
Seeing I was uncomfortable
to comfort me with inspiring words
4.desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 〈变〉desperately adv.
拼命地；绝望地 desperation n.绝望；拼命；铤而走险
（2022·浙江卷）As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded
of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English.
当我扮演着重要的沟通纽带的角色时，我想起了我在学习英语之前不顾一切地与人
交谈的经历。
①Judging from what he said and did， we can conclude that he is desperate ____
fame.
②After ten years of hard study， he is desperate________（pass） the National
College Entrance Examination.
for
to pass
③我渴望有机会成为一名志愿者。我的确希望您能给我这个宝贵的机会。（申请信）
→____________________________________________.I do hope you can offer me
the precious opportunity.
→_______________________________________， I do hope you can offer me the
precious opportunity.（形容词短语作状语）
I am desperate for the chance to be a volunteer
Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer
5.ease n.容易；舒适；自在 vi.& vt.使容易；减轻；缓和
（牛津词典）We laughed and that helped ease the tension.
我们笑了，因而使紧张的情绪缓和下来。
①At first，he didn't feel___ease in the strange surroundings.
②I eased him ___ his difficulty by telling him what to do.
at
of
③（2021·全国乙卷）Through the Internet， we can ___________________________
________________________.
我们可以通过互联网轻易地获得大量学习资料。（发言稿）
obtain a large quantity of learning materials with ease
④A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，
_____________________________________.
她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。（读后续写·神态描写）
making us feel at ease/putting us at ease
6.aboard adv. & prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等） 〈变〉board v.寄宿；
上船（或飞机、火车、公共汽车等） n.木板；董事会；膳食；伙食
Welcome aboard our city tour bus. First， let me tell you about the tour.
欢迎乘坐我们的城市观光巴士。首先，让我告诉你这趟旅程的情况。
①（2023·浙江1月卷）If you have individuals who are not ____ board， your
words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
②（2022·全国甲卷）In March 2008， Ginni ________（board） a ship with 48
passengers she'd never met before， to begin the journey towards Antarctica.
on
boarded
③The instant the young couple ___________________________________， they
were talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.
这对年轻夫妇一上船就大声地说笑，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。（读后续写·动
作描写）
went aboard the ship/boarded the ship
7.absorbed adj.专心致志的；精神集中的 〈变〉absorb vt.吸收；吸引；
使专心；使并入；理解 absorbing adj.十分吸引人的；引人入胜的
（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）My classmates will always find me absorbed in those stories
carried by Youth.
我的同学们总是发现我在全神贯注地阅读《青年》上刊登的故事。
①When he came back，his parents were still sitting on the sofa， __________
（absorb） themselves in conversation.
②Plants absorb carbon dioxide______the air and moisture from the soil.
③In recent years， many little shops __________________（absorb） into big
businesses due to the global financial crisis.
absorbing
from
have been absorbed
④I only __________________________________________________， which makes
me very upset.
我对老师教的知识一知半解，这让我很沮丧。（求助信）
absorb a smattering of knowledge taught by the teacher
8.depend on/upon 依靠；取决于
（2022·浙江1月卷）Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on
mass electrification, which he showed in New York City.
最重要的是，爱迪生意识到成功取决于大规模的电气化，他在纽约市展示了这一点。
①（2023·浙江1月卷）Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7
__________（depend） on the age group.
②You may depend on ___ that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.
③He depends on his parents ________（take） care of his children.
depending
it
to take
④We should seek solutions to the problems by ourselves
_________________________________________.
我们应该自己寻求问题的解决方案，而不是依赖别人的帮助。（建议信）
instead of depending on/upon others for help
9.take...for granted 认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视
We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.
我们想当然地以为他们会接受这个建议。
①I took it for granted ________（look） after him as a brother.
②（五育·智育）When your teachers ask you to do something， you should take it
_________（serious）.
to look
seriously
③The more you learn and the more you try，________________________________
_________ your food and your schedule.
你学得越多，尝试得越多，就越能控制你的饮食和日程安排。（建议信）
the more you will be able to take control of
④_________________________________， you may not have friends for long.
你如果认为朋友的帮助是理所当然的，那么也许不会有长久的友情。（读后续写·主
旨升华）
If you take friends' help for granted
10.drop off掉落；中途卸客；中途卸货；打盹儿；小睡；减退；减少
（China Daily）In-home nursery care facilities create convenience for parents to
drop off and pick up their kids.
家庭托儿所为父母接送孩子提供了便利。
①Teenagers who drop ____ of high school usually have trouble finding jobs.
②The Smiths dropped in ____ some old friends on their vacation trip to New
York.
③Jimmy was thinking of his birthday party as he dropped ____ to sleep.
out
on
off
④Would you ____________________this afternoon if it is convenient to you
如果方便的话,你今天下午可以顺便去趟我家吗
drop in at my house
11.hold onto紧紧抓住；坚持；保持；保存
Hold onto your passion of doing anything, and you will make it!
保持你们做事的热情，你们一定会成功的！
①They managed to hold ____until help arrived.
②They were ready to hold ____ a friendly hand.
③It was so windy that I had to hold _____ my hat all the way along the street.
on
out
onto
④She felt seized by a burst of sadness and __________________________.
她突然感到很悲伤,忍不住流下眼泪。（读后续写·心理描写）
couldn't hold back her tears
⑤A strong hand reached out and ______________________.
一只有力的手伸了出来并抓住了她的手臂。（读后续写·动作描写）
caught hold of her arm
12.nor/neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语
（China Daily）I didn't grow up in Shanghai, nor did I go to university here, so
I don't know anyone except my colleagues at work.
我不是在上海长大的，也不是在这里上的大学，所以除了工作上的同事，我谁也不认识。
①To be frank, never _______________________ with the help of my teachers
through this trying time.
坦白地说，在老师们的帮助下度过这段艰难的时期，我从未感到如此充实过。
have I felt more fulfilled
②（五育·德育） Not only _________________________________________________
________, but also it can brighten our lives.
帮助残疾人不仅能让我们感到自己很重要，而且还能照亮我们的生活。
can helping disabled people make us feel we are important
③Only when you come to China _____________________________________．
你只有来中国,才能体验中国的饮食文化。
can you experience Chinese food culture
13.动词-ing形式作定语
（RJ·B3U3）Many of the people living here are from Mexico or Central America.
住在这里的许多人来自墨西哥或中美洲。
①（2023·全国甲卷）It is not an explanation， but an invitation ________（think）
and experience philosophy.
②（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）First， he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks
__________（connect） to each other.
③The railway ___________（build） now in our province will be completed next
year.
④I'd like to borrow a book __________（contain） helpful information for my
career.
to think
connected
being built
containing
⑤The temple has a long history _____________________________of the Tang
Dynasty.
这座寺庙的悠久历史可以追溯到唐朝早期。（话题写作·事物描写）
dating back to the early period
梯级训练·循序渐进
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.Winter weather blanketed the stadium with snow this week.______________
2.Hermione and Ron shook their heads, looking blank._____________________
3.Water becomes solid when it freezes. _______
vt.以厚层覆盖
adj.茫然的；不理解的
n.固体
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.wander
A.v.走神；开小差 B.v.（道路或河流） 蜿蜒；迂回曲折 C.v.（人的眼睛） 慢慢地
移开 D.v.徘徊
①（2022·浙江1月卷）One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog
wandering on the road, clearly lost.___
②His eyes wandered towards the photographs on the wall.___
③People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20
percent of a speaker's message.___
④The road wanders along through the hills.___
D
C
A
B
2.sweep
A.vi.突然袭来 B.vi.扫视 C.vt.清除
D.vi.大获全胜 E.vi.猛烈吹过；席卷
F.n.广泛性；广博的范围；广度
①Her book covers the long sweep of the country's history. ___
②Rain swept in through the broken windows.___
F
E
③A wave of tiredness swept over her.___
④He was the only man to sweep the diving gold medals in two consecutive
Olympics. ___
⑤His eyes swept around the room.___
⑥We need to sweep away all obstacles on our roads to success.___
A
D
B
C
1.（2021·新高考Ⅱ卷）“As long as I get close enough, no ________ （crime） can
escape from me，” he said.
2.（2021·全国甲卷）It was an extremely cold winter's evening and ________
（freeze） fog hung in the air.
criminal
freezing
3.（2021·天津第一次）I'm sure the visitors will be amazed by the beautiful scenery
in Jiuzhaigou as well as the ____________ （construct） Dujiangyan Irrigation
Project.
construction
4.（2021·天津第一次）Two hours before my husband came back home from
another job interview, my daughter climbed up________ （grab） a glass vase from
a high shelf.
to grab
5.It was on a freezing cold morning that the man dived into the lake and rescued
a _________（drown） child.
6._______ （gaze） up into his eyes, she seemed to take in all he said.
7.High _________his salary was，he was quite thrifty and only spent money on
necessities.
8.He listened with an absent air and kept glancing ___ the door.
9.We will make __________ （continue） efforts to do our best.
drowning
Gazing
though/as
at
continuous
通知·举办中文诗歌大赛（2023·辽宁朝阳模拟）
1.为了激发学生对中国文化的热爱，我们学校将举办中文诗歌大赛。（poetry； 动
词不定式短语作目的状语）
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________
To arouse students' love for Chinese culture, our school is going to hold a Chinese Poetry Contest.
2.参与者可以朗诵一些诗歌，也可以生动地描述诗歌的文学背景。（recite； setting；
either...or...）
_________________________________________________________________________
______________
3.要想表现出色，你需要提前做好充分的准备。（in advance； if引导条件状语从句）
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Participants can either recite some poems or give a vivid description of their literary setting.
If you want to give an outstanding performance, you need to make full preparations in advance.
4.此外，还需要考虑很多细节，比如自我介绍。（in addition）
______________________________________________________________________
5.想参加活动的人请在截止日期之前将申请表格提交给学生会。（submit；
application； 动词-ing形式作后置定语）
_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
In addition, plenty of details should be considered, such as a self-introduction.
Those wanting to take part in this activity should submit the application form to the Students' Union before the deadline.
动作描写·哭
Ⅰ.素材积累
单词 watery；choke/choked； teary/tearful；heartbroken/heartbreaking；misty
（泪眼模糊的）
短语 hold/fight back tears 忍住泪水
with tears in one's eyes 眼含泪水
with tears welling up in one's eyes 眼泪夺眶而出
burst into tears/burst out crying 突然大哭起来
be filled with/full of tears 热泪盈眶
be wet with tears 泪流满面
cry one's eyes/heart out 痛哭不止
cry oneself to sleep 哭到睡着
续表
句子 ①She watched her son disappear in the distance， with tears in her
eyes. 她看着儿子消失在远方，她的双眸满是泪水。
②His eyes were filled with tears as his hard work paid off.当他的努力
得到回报时，他热泪盈眶。
③He received our gifts and thanked us with watery/tearful eyes.他拿着礼
物，两眼泪汪汪地感谢我们。
④Scarcely had she heard the sad news when she burst out crying/burst
into tears. 她一听到这悲伤的消息，就突然大哭起来。
续表
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①听到这个令人心碎的消息——她最好的朋友已经离开了，她强忍着泪水。
（struggle；动词-ing形式作状语）
_____________________________ that her best friend had left， she
______________________________.
Hearing the heartbreaking news
struggled to hold/fight back tears
②她热泪盈眶，再也无法控制自己的情绪了。（with的复合结构）
_______________________________， she could no longer control her emotions.
With tears welling up in her eyes
③幸福的回忆充斥着她的脑海，她突然大哭起来。（burst into；独立主格结构）
___________________________ her mind， she _______________.
The happy memories flooding
burst into tears
④她的眼里充满了泪水，每一滴都反映出她深深的悲伤。（be filled with）
_____________________________， each drop ________________________.
Her eyes were filled with tears
reflecting her deep sorrow
⑤两个小时后，母亲走进来，发现她的女儿已经哭得睡着了。（过去完成时）
Two hours later， Mother came in and found that her daughter
________________________.
had cried herself to sleep
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
__________________
答案 Hearing the heartbreaking news that her best friend had left, she struggled to
hold/fight back tears. With tears welling up in her eyes, she could no longer
control her emotions. The happy memories flooding her mind, she burst into tears.
Her eyes were filled with tears, each drop reflecting her deep sorrow. Two hours
later, when Mother came in, she found that her daughter had cried herself to sleep.
主题集训·提能增效
（建议用时：40分钟）
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Passage 1
A master of words, a literary genius and a philosopher, Russian author Leo
Tolstoy （1828-1910） is known by many as the greatest writer of all time. Even
in 2020, 110 years after his death, his two greatest masterpieces, War and Peace
and Anna Karenina, continue to be widely read, appreciated and highly influential.
“If the world could write by itself, it would write like Tolstoy,” the Russian
author Isaak Babel once said. Tolstoy's realistic fiction is famous for its powers of
observation and ability to mine the depths of human consciousness, such as the
psychological exploration of a married woman in Anna Karenina. In War and
Peace, Tolstoy also describes Russia's national soul and expresses public unity
through his many characters. His characters feel alive. They grow, change, and stick
in the minds of readers long after the final page is turned.
Tolstoy's influence on literature is without comparison. Authors regularly
mention his novels as their highest ambition—works that they could only dream of
writing themselves. American writer Francis Scott called Tolstoy the “greatest of all
novelists” in his essay. He wrote, “From his first words, we can be sure of one
thing at any rate—here is a man who sees what we see, who proceeds, too, as we
are accustomed to proceeding, not from the outside inwards, but from the inside
outwards.”
“He defends fundamental values such as love, friendship and family relations.
He gives positive answers to the questions mankind is asking. In this sense he
gives more hope,” Tolstoy's grandson, Vladimir Ilyich Tolstoy, said.
Tolstoy's message of peace has even had an effect on the real world. He
inspired the leader of India's independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi, and his
philosophy of non-violence over the course of a year in which they wrote letters to
each other.
语篇解读 文章主要通过引用一些人对托尔斯泰的评论，来表明托尔斯泰的成就
和巨大影响力。
1.What does Paragraph 2 intend to tell us ( )
A
A.The writing style of Tolstoy.
B.Tolstoy's influence on other authors.
C.The characters in Tolstoy's works.
D.The introduction to the greatest works of Tolstoy.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，本段提到了托尔斯泰的写作风格：现实主
义和民族精神。
2.Which words can best describe Tolstoy ( )
C
A.Humorous and caring. B.Determined and optimistic.
C.Insightful and peace-loving. D.Productive and hard-working.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，托尔斯泰是一个极具洞察力的人；根据最
后一段可知，托尔斯泰是一个有和平信念的人。
3.How does the author introduce Tolstoy in this text ( )
B
A.By describing his deeds in life.
B.By quoting comments and opinions.
C.By analyzing characteristics of his works.
D.By contrasting with other great authors.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段到第四段内容可知，本文通过引用一些人对托尔斯泰
的评论来说明他的影响力。
4.Which can be the best title for the text ( )
D
A.Tolstoy and His Works B.Tolstoy's Life and Achievements
C.War and Peace: a Great Masterpiece D.Tolstoy: a Writer Beyond Comparison
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，“语言大师”“文学天才”和“哲学家”这些称号都是
对托尔斯泰的成就及影响力的肯定，所以D选项最适合作为本文的标题。
Passage 2
（2023·广东联考模拟）Indeed, loneliness is now widely recognized as a major
public health problem. What is perhaps less obvious is one answer to the problem:
the healing power of poetry to make us feel more connected to others.
Here things get personal. I first got involved in how poetry can support our
emotional well-being after I wrote a memoir, Black Rainbow: How Words Healed
Me—My Journey Through Depression, in 2014 about how poetry helped me
through two serious periods of depression. Since then, I've been running Healing
Words poetry sessions for mental health charities and prisons, and have discovered
first-hand the lovely feeling of companionship which poetry can bring.
Poetry lets us connect with other people who have experienced similar
emotions. We're not alone in our despair or delight. When we have a poem by our
side, whether tucked in a bag or on a bedside table, it feels like we're being
accompanied by a friend: an authorial arm is wrapped around our shoulders.
I remember one woman starting to cry as she read Derek Walcott's poem Love
After Love during a workshop held at my local hospital in West London. Fighting
through tears, she eventually said, “I feel understood.” Everyone in the room knew
exactly what she meant.
She had, in Walcott's phrase, struggled to “love again the stranger who was
yourself”. The poet's invitation to “Sit. Feast on your life” was the comfort she
needed, in a language which spoke to her, to imagine loving herself in a way she
had always found hard. Poetry had worked its magic, unlocking a feeling of inner
connection, and in turn a connection to all of us sitting in the workshop.
Given my own experience, I think having a poem to keep us company can
help us all feel a greater sense of belonging.
语篇解读 作者通过讲述自己的经历，阐述了诗歌可以治愈孤独，改善人的情感
健康。
5.What does the author suggest doing to fight against loneliness ( )
B
A.Researching the problem. B.Appreciating poetry.
C.Strengthening dignity. D.Connecting with others.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“the healing power of poetry to make us feel
more connected to others”可知，作者认为诗歌使人们感觉与他人的联系更密切，是
治愈孤独的一个办法。
6.How does having a poem at hand make you feel according to the author ( )
D
A.Socially accepted. B.Literarily knowledgeable.
C.Financially admired. D.Emotionally accompanied.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Since then, I've been running Healing Words
poetry sessions for mental health charities and prisons, and have discovered first-
hand the lovely feeling of companionship which poetry can bring.”和第三段内容可
知，手头有诗歌就像是有一个朋友陪伴着自己。
7.Why did the woman start to cry in the workshop ( )
A
A.The poem touched her heart. B.She was forced to read the poem.
C.She struggled to understand others. D.She failed to work out the poem's magic.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，这位女士在读诗歌的时候哭了起来是因为
她感觉被别人理解了。由此可知，这首诗触动了她的心，让她感动。
8.What does the author mainly want to tell us ( )
C
A.The healing power of poems cures illnesses.
B.Reading can make us feel independent of others.
C.Poetry can improve our emotional well-being.
D.Connection leads to a great sense of belonging.
解析 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，作者通过讲述自己的经历阐述了诗歌如何治愈孤
独，改善人的情感健康。
Ⅱ.完形填空
（2023·广东名校联考）The world is full of opportunities. Ignoring them or
seizing one depends on one's attitude. Mike seized the chance and did what he
wanted to do.
Mike used to be a janitor （看门人） at an elementary school. He collected
and cleared away the . .1. . for the school. This school has a . .2. . place in Mike's
heart. He went to this school as a young boy and was a teacher there for 19 years.
However, before his career in teaching, he . .3. . at the same school as a janitor. He
has always been good at . .4. . with students.
Seeing this, the teachers . .5. . him to pursue a teaching career. After years of
hard work and fierce . .6. ., Mike finished his degree in 2003 and . .7. . a teaching
job at the elementary school. Since then, he has become a constant . .8. . at the
school.
Mike found teaching a very rewarding job. For him, it was important that the
students grow up not just remembering the . .9. . but also how a teacher made them
feel. Mike was excited to teach the children at the school and was . .10. . to teach
the fifth grade. He was shocked when the directors offered him the . .11. . of
principal a week before the school year started.
“I am . .12. . grateful. I don't do anything special. I just . .13. .and try my best,”
said Mike. He was also very excited to take on the challenges of being the
new . .14. . of the school, assume new responsibilities and help . .15. . the school.
语篇解读 文章主要讲述的是Mike抓住机会，做了他想做的事。这个世界充满了
机遇，是否能抓住它们取决于一个人的态度。
1.( ) A.bag B.mouse C.refuse D.beggar
C
解析 Mike曾是学校的看门人，收集并清理学校的垃圾。refuse作名词时意为
“垃圾；废弃物”。
2.( ) A.special B.formal C.mobile D.confusing
A
解析 根据下文内容可知，Mike在这里当了19年的老师，这所学校对Mike来说是很
特殊的存在。
3.( ) A.lived B.worked C.studied D.arrived
B
解析 根据下文中的“at the same school as a janitor”可知，这里是指Mike从事教学
工作之前的工作。
4.( ) A.quarrelling B.debating C.fighting D.communicating
D
解析 这里指Mike善于与学生交流。
5.( ) A.commanded B.encouraged C.preferred D.allowed
B
解析 根据下文中的“him to pursue a teaching career”可知，这里是指这所学校的老
师鼓励Mike去从事教学工作。
6.( ) A.determination B.appreciation C.resistance D.impression
A
解析 Mike应该需要很多努力和坚定的决心才能拿到学位，并获得在学校教学的工作。
7.( ) A.rejected B.obtained C.offered D.reformed
B
解析 见上题解析。
8.( ) A.candidate B.reporter C.figure D.cyclist
C
解析 根据上文内容可知，Mike获得了在学校教学的工作，所以他应该是学校的固定
人物了。
9.( ) A.sufferings B.classmates C.pleasures D.lessons
D
解析 根据空处所在句子的内容可知，学生上学不仅仅要记住课程内容。
10.( ) A.prepared B.guided C.pressed D.depressed
A
解析 根据下文中的“to teach the fifth grade”可知，这里指Mike接下来准备要做的事
情。
11.( ) A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior
A
解析 根据下文中的“of principal”可知，这里指校长这个角色。
12.( ) A.despairingly B.truly C.nearly D.exactly
B
解析 Mike说：“我真的很感激。我没有做任何特别的事情。我只是出现在学校并且
尽力做了我应该做的事情。”
13.( ) A.let in B.get out C.set aside D.show up
D
解析 见上题解析。
14.( ) A.operator B.visitor C.leader D.performer
C
解析 这里指他成为校长，即学校的领导者。
15.( ) A.rebuild B.search C.attain D.improve
D
解析 Mike作为新校长，他要承担新的责任，并且帮助改善学校状况。
Ⅲ.语法填空
（2023·浙江强基班联盟考试）Being shy is something that affects lots of
people, and it typically starts in childhood. As 1.____ expert for the Baby
Annabell's Ask the Experts campaign, I was often asked if 2._______（have） a
shy personality is something we are born with or if it's something we develop
3.______（base） on our experiences.
Actually, it can be either or a bit of both. I had pretty outgoing, confident
parents, and there are some 4._______（study） that suggest the more confident or
outspoken a parent is in childhood, the shyer a child could 5.__________（potential）
become.
an
having
based
studies
potentially
Some research has shown that the more sensitive parents are 6.___ their child's
needs, and respond appropriately to them, the lower the risk of their shyness will
be. In my case this is 7.______ happened—my parents turned to me and my needs
and the shyness all but 8.___________（disappear） completely over time.
On the other hand, a person's personality has a 9.__________（biology） basis,
and has long been thought to be recognizable from babies only a few months old.
It's important to realize that a child's personality can change, and gradually as he
10.___________（expose） to more and more people, objects and situations, signs
of shyness can fade away.
to
what
disappeared
biological
is exposed
语篇解读 一些研究表明，如果父母在孩子的童年时期越自信，孩子就可能变得
越害羞。还有研究表明，父母对孩子的需求越敏感，并对其做出适当的反应，孩子
形成害羞性格的风险就会越低。
1.____
an
解析 expert为可数名词，此处意为“一名专家”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且expert
的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
2._______
having
解析 分析句子结构可知，此空在从句中作非谓语，且在if连接的宾语从句中作主语，
应用动词-ing形式。故填having。
3.______
based
解析 分析句子结构可知，此空应用过去分词形式作方式状语。故填based。
4._______
studies
解析 根据空前的some可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填studies。
5.__________
potentially
解析 此空修饰动词become，应用副词作状语。故填potentially。
6.___
to
解析 be sensitive to为固定短语，意为“对……敏感”。故填to。
7.______
what
解析 分析句子结构可知，此空引导表语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“什么”。故
填what。
8.___________
disappeared
解析 分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作谓语。此空与turned为并列关系，应用一般
过去时。故填disappeared。
9.__________
biological
解析 此空应用形容词作定语，修饰名词basis。故填biological。
10.___________
is exposed
解析 分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作谓语。动词expose与主语he之间构成被动关
系，应用被动语态；结合上下文内容可知，此处表达的是一种客观情况，应用一般
现在时的被动语态。故填is exposed。UNIT 8 LITERATURE
【语篇填空】
James, a young fellow who likes literary works, enjoys reading fiction, poetry, fables and folk stories,especially those filled with adventures and fantasy.His shelf is not vacant at all, but is filled with books 1. (publish) in different eras. In his spare time, he also recites some poetry with special structures in a dramatic and 2. (emotion) tone and submits his own works to some media. Besides, he likes watching historical dramas because the plots of them are always absorbing and stimulating.
Once he got a chance to act as an extra.He 3. (wander) backwards and forwards on 4. frozen lake with his body wrapped in a dirty blanket, his mind going blank when he slipped aside suddenly.A janitor went by after sweeping some fallen leaves and stared at him in 5. (belief), suspecting him of committing a crime. In fact, he was acting a pensive poet, evidently living in solitude.
At one time, he got a job and worked as a seaman 6. (sail) in the icy bay. His clothing fluttered in the cold wind and flakes of snow 7. (continuous) struck him in the face.The waves were so violent that he was tossed into the water and nearly drowned.He began to sink.In 8. (desperate),he grabbed a solid board. After a short rest, he comforted himself 9. the thought that some being aboard would come across him and offer him preservation. Nevertheless, he was unconscious 10. he was saved at daybreak.
【答案】1.published 2.emotional 3.was wandering 4.a 5.disbelief 6.sailing 7.continuously 8.desperation 9.with 10.when
【核心考点】
重点单词
1.submit vt. & vi.提交;呈递;屈服 <变>submission n.屈服;呈送;提交 submissive adj.顺从的
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
所有作业将在指定日期前通过我们的在线学习和课程管理系统Blackboard提交。
①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Across the 320 (submit), a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Besides, I even submitted my own fiction Youth.
③Those who are interested in this summer camp must by May 15.
对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。(通知)
④(2022·新高考卷)David wiped his tears and held his head high, remarking determinedly, “ .”
David擦掉眼泪,昂起头,坚定地说道:“我不会屈服于其他人的看法。”(读后续写·语言描写)
【答案】①submissions ②to ③submit their applications and related materials ④I will never submit myself to others' opinions
2.strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck/stricken) 击打;侵袭;罢工;袭击;忽然想起;划(火柴);报时n.罢工;罢课;袭击
(2021·全国乙卷)His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout.
他的话让我感到奇怪。毕竟,公用办公区域通常也使用开放式的办公室布局。
①(2021·浙江1月卷)It suddenly struck me I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.
②A big earthquake (strike) the city last year, killing hundreds of people.
③(2023·浙江1月卷)Throughout the event, that exist in our world.
在整个活动过程中,我被这个世界上存在的各种各样的植物所震撼。(报道)
④Because I was struck with what he had done for me,I couldn't contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(读后续写·心理描写)
→ ,I couldn't contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(过去分词短语作状语)
【答案】①that ②struck ③I was struck by the incredible variety of plants ④Struck with what he had done for me
3.comfort n.舒适;安慰;令人感到安慰的人或物 vt.安慰 <变>comfortable adj.安慰的;舒适的 comfortably adv.舒适地 <反>discomfort n.不适;不安 vt.使不舒服;使不安 uncomfortable adj.不舒适的;不舒服的
(2023·全国甲卷)So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.
我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态,当我们经历了舒适区之外的事情时,我们就会对这种状况感到不耐烦。
①(2022·全国甲卷)The more time you spend in any given country, the more (comfort) you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
②Although I'm burdened with great pressure,encouragement from my parents is a great comfort me.
③His parents comforted him his failure in the driving test.
④ , my father rose to his feet, came up to me and gathered me into his arms .看到我不舒服,爸爸站起来,走到我跟前,把我揽入怀中并用鼓舞人心的话语安慰我。(读后续写·动作描写)
【答案】①comfortable ②to ③for ④Seeing I was uncomfortable; to comfort me with inspiring words
4.desperate adj.绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的 <变>desperately adv.拼命地;绝望地 desperation n.绝望;拼命;铤而走险
(2022·浙江卷)As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English.
当我扮演着重要的沟通纽带的角色时,我想起了我在学习英语之前不顾一切地与人交谈的经历。
①Judging from what he said and did, we can conclude that he is desperate fame.
②After ten years of hard study, he is desperate (pass) the National College Entrance Examination.
③我渴望有机会成为一名志愿者。我的确希望您能给我这个宝贵的机会。(申请信)
→ .I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.
→ , I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(形容词短语作状语)
【答案】①for ②to pass ③I am desperate for the chance to be a volunteer;Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer
5.ease n.容易;舒适;自在 vi.& vt.使容易;减轻;缓和
(牛津词典)We laughed and that helped ease the tension.
我们笑了,因而使紧张的情绪缓和下来。
①At first,he didn't feel ease in the strange surroundings.
②I eased him his difficulty by telling him what to do.
③(2021·全国乙卷)Through the Internet, we can .
我们可以通过互联网轻易地获得大量学习资料。(发言稿)
④A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth, .
她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意,使我们放松下来。(读后续写·神态描写)
【答案】①at ②of ③obtain a large quantity of learning materials with ease ④making us feel at ease/putting us at ease
6.aboard adv. & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) <变>board v.寄宿;上船(或飞机、火车、公共汽车等) n.木板;董事会;膳食;伙食
Welcome aboard our city tour bus. First, let me tell you about the tour.
欢迎乘坐我们的城市观光巴士。首先,让我告诉你这趟旅程的情况。
①(2023·浙江1月卷)If you have individuals who are not board, your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
②(2022·全国甲卷)In March 2008, Ginni (board) a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.
③The instant the young couple , they were talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.
这对年轻夫妇一上船就大声地说笑,好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。(读后续写·动作描写)
【答案】①on ②boarded ③went aboard the ship/boarded the ship
7.absorbed adj.专心致志的;精神集中的 <变>absorb vt.吸收;吸引;使专心;使并入;理解 absorbing adj.十分吸引人的;引人入胜的
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)My classmates will always find me absorbed in those stories carried by Youth.
我的同学们总是发现我在全神贯注地阅读《青年》上刊登的故事。
①When he came back,his parents were still sitting on the sofa, (absorb) themselves in conversation.
②Plants absorb carbon dioxide the air and moisture from the soil.
③In recent years, many little shops (absorb) into big businesses due to the global financial crisis.
④I only , which makes me very upset.
我对老师教的知识一知半解,这让我很沮丧。(求助信)
【答案】①absorbing ②from ③have been absorbed ④absorb a smattering of knowledge taught by the teacher
短语句式
8.depend on/upon 依靠;取决于
(2022·浙江1月卷)Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City.
最重要的是,爱迪生意识到成功取决于大规模的电气化,他在纽约市展示了这一点。
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Campers enjoy a staff-to-child ratio ranging from 1:4 to 1:7 (depend) on the age group.
②You may depend on that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.
③He depends on his parents (take) care of his children.
④We should seek solutions to the problems by ourselves .
我们应该自己寻求问题的解决方案,而不是依赖别人的帮助。(建议信)
【答案】①depending ②it ③to take ④instead of depending on/upon others for help
9.take...for granted 认为……是理所当然;对……不予重视
We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.
我们想当然地以为他们会接受这个建议。
①I took it for granted (look) after him as a brother.
②(五育·智育)When your teachers ask you to do something, you should take it (serious).
③The more you learn and the more you try, your food and your schedule.
你学得越多,尝试得越多,就越能控制你的饮食和日程安排。(建议信)
④ , you may not have friends for long.
你如果认为朋友的帮助是理所当然的,那么也许不会有长久的友情。(读后续写·主旨升华)
【答案】①to look ②seriously ③the more you will be able to take control of ④If you take friends' help for granted
10.drop off掉落;中途卸客;中途卸货;打盹儿;小睡;减退;减少
(China Daily)In-home nursery care facilities create convenience for parents to drop off and pick up their kids.
家庭托儿所为父母接送孩子提供了便利。
①Teenagers who drop of high school usually have trouble finding jobs.
②The Smiths dropped in some old friends on their vacation trip to New York.
③Jimmy was thinking of his birthday party as he dropped to sleep.
④Would you this afternoon if it is convenient to you
如果方便的话,你今天下午可以顺便去趟我家吗
【答案】①out ②on ③off ④drop in at my house
11.hold onto紧紧抓住;坚持;保持;保存
Hold onto your passion of doing anything, and you will make it!
保持你们做事的热情,你们一定会成功的!
①They managed to hold until help arrived.
②They were ready to hold a friendly hand.
③It was so windy that I had to hold my hat all the way along the street.
④She felt seized by a burst of sadness and .
她突然感到很悲伤,忍不住流下眼泪。(读后续写·心理描写)
⑤A strong hand reached out and .
一只有力的手伸了出来并抓住了她的手臂。(读后续写·动作描写)
【答案】①on ②out ③onto ④couldn't hold back her tears ⑤caught hold of her arm
12.nor/neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语
(China Daily)I didn't grow up in Shanghai, nor did I go to university here, so I don't know anyone except my colleagues at work.
我不是在上海长大的,也不是在这里上的大学,所以除了工作上的同事,我谁也不认识。
①To be frank, never with the help of my teachers through this trying time.
坦白地说,在老师们的帮助下度过这段艰难的时期,我从未感到如此充实过。
②(五育·德育) Not only , but also it can brighten our lives.
帮助残疾人不仅能让我们感到自己很重要,而且还能照亮我们的生活。
③Only when you come to China .
你只有来中国,才能体验中国的饮食文化。
【答案】①have I felt more fulfilled ②can helping disabled people make us feel we are important ③can you experience Chinese food culture
13.动词-ing形式作定语
(RJ·B3U3)Many of the people living here are from Mexico or Central America.
住在这里的许多人来自墨西哥或中美洲。
①(2023·全国甲卷)It is not an explanation, but an invitation (think) and experience philosophy.
②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks (connect) to each other.
③The railway (build) now in our province will be completed next year.
④I'd like to borrow a book (contain) helpful information for my career.
⑤The temple has a long history of the Tang Dynasty.
这座寺庙的悠久历史可以追溯到唐朝早期。(话题写作·事物描写)
【答案】①to think ②connected ③being built ④containing ⑤dating back to the early period
【梯级训练】
基础达标练
语境辨义练
Ⅰ.熟词生义
1.Winter weather blanketed the stadium with snow this week.
2.Hermione and Ron shook their heads, looking blank.
3.Water becomes solid when it freezes.
【答案】1.vt.以厚层覆盖 2.adj.茫然的;不理解的
3.n.固体
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.wander
A.v.走神;开小差 B.v.(道路或河流) 蜿蜒;迂回曲折 C.v.(人的眼睛) 慢慢地移开 D.v.徘徊①(2022·浙江1月卷)One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost.
②His eyes wandered towards the photographs on the wall.
③People's attention wanders constantly.In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message.
④The road wanders along through the hills.
【答案】①D ②C ③A ④B
2.sweep
A.vi.突然袭来 B.vi.扫视 C.vt.清除
D.vi.大获全胜 E.vi.猛烈吹过;席卷
F.n.广泛性;广博的范围;广度
①Her book covers the long sweep of the country's history.
②Rain swept in through the broken windows.
③A wave of tiredness swept over her.
④He was the only man to sweep the diving gold medals in two consecutive Olympics.
⑤His eyes swept around the room.
⑥We need to sweep away all obstacles on our roads to success.
【答案】①F ②E ③A ④D ⑤B ⑥C
考点强化练
1.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)“As long as I get close enough, no (crime) can escape from me,” he said.
2.(2021·全国甲卷) It was an extremely cold winter's evening and (freeze) fog hung in the air.
3.(2021·天津第一次) I'm sure the visitors will be amazed by the beautiful scenery in Jiuzhaigou as well as the (construct) Dujiangyan Irrigation Project.
4.(2021·天津第一次) Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up (grab) a glass vase from a high shelf.
5.It was on a freezing cold morning that the man dived into the lake and rescued a (drown) child.
6. (gaze) up into his eyes, she seemed to take in all he said.
7.High his salary was,he was quite thrifty and only spent money on necessities.
8.He listened with an absent air and kept glancing the door.
9.We will make (continue) efforts to do our best.
【答案】1.criminal 2.freezing 3.construction 4.to grab 5.drowning 6.Gazing 7.though/as 8.at 9.continuous
写作衔接练
通知·举办中文诗歌大赛(2023·辽宁朝阳模拟)
1.为了激发学生对中国文化的热爱,我们学校将举办中文诗歌大赛。(poetry; 动词不定式短语作目的状语)
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2.参与者可以朗诵一些诗歌,也可以生动地描述诗歌的文学背景。(recite; setting; either...or...)
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3.要想表现出色,你需要提前做好充分的准备。(in advance; if引导条件状语从句)
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4.此外,还需要考虑很多细节,比如自我介绍。(in addition)
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5.想参加活动的人请在截止日期之前将申请表格提交给学生会。(submit; application; 动词-ing形式作后置定语)
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【答案】
1.To arouse students' love for Chinese culture, our school is going to hold a Chinese Poetry Contest.
2.Participants can either recite some poems or give a vivid description of their literary setting.
3.If you want to give an outstanding performance, you need to make full preparations in advance.
4.In addition, plenty of details should be considered, such as a self-introduction.
5.Those wanting to take part in this activity should submit the application form to the Students' Union before the deadline.
动作描写·哭
Ⅰ.素材积累
单词 watery;choke/choked; teary/tearful;heartbroken/heartbreaking;misty(泪眼模糊的)
短语 hold/fight back tears 忍住泪水 with tears in one's eyes 眼含泪水 with tears welling up in one's eyes 眼泪夺眶而出 burst into tears/burst out crying 突然大哭起来 be filled with/full of tears 热泪盈眶 be wet with tears 泪流满面 cry one's eyes/heart out 痛哭不止 cry oneself to sleep 哭到睡着
句子 ①She watched her son disappear in the distance, with tears in her eyes. 她看着儿子消失在远方,她的双眸满是泪水。 ②His eyes were filled with tears as his hard work paid off.当他的努力得到回报时,他热泪盈眶。 ③He received our gifts and thanked us with watery/tearful eyes.他拿着礼物,两眼泪汪汪地感谢我们。 ④Scarcely had she heard the sad news when she burst out crying/burst into tears. 她一听到这悲伤的消息,就突然大哭起来。
Ⅱ.刻意训练
1.根据提示完成句子
①听到这个令人心碎的消息——她最好的朋友已经离开了,她强忍着泪水。(struggle;动词-ing形式作状语)
that her best friend had left, she .
②她热泪盈眶,再也无法控制自己的情绪了。(with的复合结构)
, she could no longer control her emotions.
③幸福的回忆充斥着她的脑海,她突然大哭起来。(burst into;独立主格结构)
her mind, she .
④她的眼里充满了泪水,每一滴都反映出她深深的悲伤。(be filled with)
, each drop .
⑤两个小时后,母亲走进来,发现她的女儿已经哭得睡着了。(过去完成时)
Two hours later, Mother came in and found that her daughter .
【答案】①Hearing the heartbreaking news;struggled to hold/fight back tears ②With tears welling up in her eyes ③The happy memories flooding;burst into tears ④Her eyes were filled with tears; reflecting her deep sorrow ⑤had cried herself to sleep
2.连句成篇并背诵成文
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【答案】Hearing the heartbreaking news that her best friend had left, she struggled to hold/fight back tears. With tears welling up in her eyes, she could no longer control her emotions. The happy memories flooding her mind, she burst into tears. Her eyes were filled with tears, each drop reflecting her deep sorrow. Two hours later, when Mother came in, she found that her daughter had cried herself to sleep.
