中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【暑期核心素养培优】人教英语八上
Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.预习学案
单元知识结构
熟悉交际话题:Personal traits
牢记重点单词:outgoing,both,better,loudly,quietly,hard-working,competition,fantastic,which,clearly,win,though,talented,truly,care,laugh,serious,mirror,kid,necessary,grade,should,saying,reach,hand,touch,heart,fact,break,arm,share, loud,similar,primary,information
掌握重点短语:play the drums,as...as...,the same as,be different from,care about,as long as, bring out,in fact,make sb. laugh,be similar to,have fun,get good grades,enjoy doing sth.,be good with
熟记重点句型:1.—Is Tom smarter than Sam —No, he isn't. Sam is smarter than Tom.2. Are you as friendly as your sister 3.—Does Tara work as hard as Tina —Yes, she does.4. I think a good friend makes me laugh.5. For me, a good friend likes to do the same things as me.6. My best friend Larry is quite different from me.
理解核心语法:形容词和副词的比较级;both及as...as...的用法
Section A
知识点一 both的用法
【教材原文】Both Sam and Tom can play the drums. but Sam plays them better than Tom.
萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓,但萨姆比汤姆打得更好。
both既可以作限定词,又可以作代词使用。常见用法如下:
(1)both常放于系动词,助动词和情态动词之后,实义动词之前。
如:They both want to go to the movies.他们两个都想去看电影。
Linda and Lucy are both good at playing the piano.琳达和露西都擅长弹钢琴。
We should both go to visit our grandma.我们两个都应该去看望我们的奶奶。
(2)both作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式,在这个用法中,both常与介词of连用,构成"both of..."结构。
如:Both of us like watching the talent show.我们两个都喜欢看才艺表演。
(3)both...and...意为"两者都",连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:Both my father and my mother are English teachers.我爸爸与我妈妈都是英语老师。
例:—Mike,please turn down the music. Dabao Erbao are sleeping.
—Sorry, I'll do it right away.
A.Neither;nor B.Either;or C.Both;and D.Not only;but also
【解析】考查both的用法。句意:迈克,请把音乐调低点,大宝和二宝都在睡觉。抱歉,我立刻调低。根据谓语动词are可知,用both...and...,意为"两者都"。故选C。
知识点二反意疑问句的用法
【教材原文】That's Tara,isn’t it 那是塔拉,不是吗
这是一个反意疑问句。反意疑问句是由陈述部分+反意疑问部分构成的,希望证实所叙述的内容。反意疑问句有以下两种结构:
简记 结构 示例:
前肯后否 肯定的陈述部分+否定的反意疑问部分 The students enjoy playing football, don't they 这些学生很喜欢踢足球,是不是
前否后肯 否定的陈述部分+肯定的反意疑问部分 You didn't go, did you 你没去,是吗
例:He has few friends in his new school,
A.hasn't he B.does he C.is he D.doesn't he
【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意:他在他的新学校几乎没有朋友,对吗 反意疑问句的规则是:"前肯后否,前否后肯","few"本身表示否定意义,表示"几乎没有",而前面的谓语动词用的是动词has,此处用助动词does,所以选B。
知识点三 as...as...的用法
【教材原文】Tara works as hard as Tina.塔拉工作和蒂娜一样努力。
as...as...意为 "像...一样",该结构中第一个as 是副词,第二个as是介词或连词,用于表示同级之间的比较,其主要用法如下:
(1)"as+形容词/副词的原级+as..."表示两者在某一方面相同或相等。
如:Mary works as carefully as Linda.玛丽工作和琳达一样细心。
(2)"not as/so...as..."意为"不像...一样.
如:Spring isn't as/so cold as winter.春天不像冬天那么冷。
(3)"as much/many+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as..."可用于表示数量。
例:Daniel is his twin brother. They are both 1.75 meters tall,
A.taller than B.as taller as C.as tall as D.so tall as
【解析】考查形容词的同级比较。句意:丹尼尔和他的双胞胎兄弟一样高。他们都是1.75米高。由"They are both 1.75 meters tall."可知,他们是一样高的。as...as...表示"和...一样...",一般用于肯定句,两个as之间应用形容词或副词的原级;so...as...也表示"与...一样..."一般用于否定句。故选C。
知识点四 have fun 的用法
【教材原文】 But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.但最重要的事情是学习一些新东西并享受快乐。
(1)本句中的"to learn something new and have fun"是动词不定式短语,在句中作表语。
(2)本句中的 have fun 是固定搭配,意为"玩得高兴,过得快乐",其相关词组是 have fun(in)doing sth.,表示"做某事有乐趣"。have a good time 和 enjoy oneself 都可表示"过得愉快"。
如:We have a lot of fun in the park.我们在公园里玩得很快乐。
I have no fun in spending the evening doing nothing.我晚上没有事做很无聊。
例:—Did they have fun English yesterday —Yes, they did.
A.learning B.learn C.learns D.to learn
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:他们昨天学英语学得开心吗 是的,他们学得开心。have fun(in) doing sth.做某事有乐趣,是固定搭配。答案A
Section B & Self Check
知识点五 make作使役动词的用法
【教材原文】I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为一个好朋友能使我笑。
make sb.do sth.意为"让/使某人做某事"。make 后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。
如:His words made us feel so excited.他的话使我们感觉如此兴奋。
The boss made the workers work day and nigbt.老板让工人们整日整夜地工作。
拓展:see,watch,look at(即"三眼"),hear,listen to(即"两耳"),feel(即"感觉")以及let,have,make三个使役动词后跟省略to 的不定式作宾语补足语。
如:Did you hear him go out 你听到他出去了吗
I often see him play basketball in the playground.我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。
例:—How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up
—It makes me very proud.
A.felt B.to feel C.feel D.feeling
【解析】句意:当你看到国旗升起时你感觉如何 它使我感到非常骄傲。make sb.do sth.使某人做某事,为固定用法,故用动词原形feel。答案C
知识点六 as long as 的用法
【教材原文】 But I think friends are like books-you don't need a lot of them as long as they're good.但是我认为朋友就像书一样—(朋友)不在多而贵在好。
as long as意为"只要",表示条件,引导条件状语从句。
如:You may take this book away as long as you return it on time.
只要你按时归还,你就可以把这本书拿走。
例:—How much is the ticket for the Art Museum
—You don't need to pay for it you have the ID card.
A.because B.as long as C.before
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:艺术博物馆的票多少钱 只要你有身份证,就不需要付钱。because意为"因为";as long as意为"只要";before意为"在.....以前"。根据句意可知选B。
知识点七 care的用法
【教材原文】 I don't really care if my friends are the same as me or different.我并不很在意我的朋友是和我一样还是和我不同。
(1)care 在句中是一个及物动词,意思是"在意,在乎"。
care 的常见用法如下:
care 名词 take care 小心;当心 take care of 照料照顾=look after
动词 care about 关心;在意 care for非常喜欢;照料
You needn't care about his safety.你不必为他的安全担心。
(2)此句中if不是"如果"的意思,而是"是否"的意思。另外,if...是主句"I don’t really care"的谓语动词 care 的宾语,故称作"宾语从句"。
如:I wonder if they will come to our party,我想知道他们是否会来参加我们的聚会。
例:—How can I make more friends, Mrs. Smith
—Be friendly and others.
A.bring out B.care about C.look at D.feel like
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:史密斯夫人,我怎样才能交更多的朋友 待人友好,关心他人。care about意思是"关心,在意",故选B。
知识点八 the same as 的用法
【教材原文】 I don't really care if my friends are the same as me or different.我并不很在意我的朋友是和我一样还是和我不同。the same as...意思是"和...一样"。
如:Your opinion is the same as mine.你的观点和我的一样。
例:It's not necessary to find a friend who is the same you.
A.in B.as C.to D.from
【解析】考查介词辨析。本题中the same as...为固定搭配,意为"和...一样"。故选B。
知识点九 be similar to的用法
【教材原文】 My best friend is similar to Larry because she's less hard-working than me.我最好的朋友与拉里很相似,因为她不如我努力。
similar为形容词,意为"相像的;类似的",常用短语be similar to sb./sth.表示"与某/某物相似"。
如:My problems are very similar to yours.我的问题与你的很相似。
例:Nana is to her father in many ways.For example,they are both tall.
A.different B.kind C.friendly D.similar
【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据第二句"例:如,他们俩都很高"可知,他们俩在很多方面有相似之处。be similar to意为"和...相似"。答案D
知识点十 be different from 的用法
【教材原文】 My best friend Larry is quite different from me.我最好的朋友拉里和我很不一样。
be different from...意为"和...不同",反义短语为:the same as...
如:My work is different from his.我的工作不同于他的(工作)。
拓展 difference为different的名词形式,意为"差别,差异"。
如:The twins have many differences这对双胞胎有许多不同点。
例:My mother says my friend is similar me, but I think she is different me.
A.as;from B.to;from C.to;to
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:我妈妈说我的朋友和我很相似,但我认为她和我不同。be similar to sb.和某人相似;be different from... “和...不相同”。根据句意可知,第一个空用to;第二个空用from。
知识点十一 重点难点:形容词和副词比较级的基本用法
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级的变化,用来表示事物的等级差别。比较级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1.比较级的变化规则
规 则 例: 词
① 单音节词和多数以-e或-ow结尾的双音节词在词尾加-er或-est tall→taller→tallestnarrow→narrower→narrowest
②以不发音的-e结尾的单音节词在词尾加-r或-st large→larger→largesnice→nicer→nicest
③在重读闭音节的单词中,若末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写该辅音字母,再加-er或-est big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottestfat→fatter→fattest
④以"辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词 ,把y改为i , 再加-er或-es easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviestbusy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
⑤其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more或most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautifuldifferent→more different→most different
2.不规则变化
原 级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
much/many more most
little less least
old older(年纪较大的)elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的)eldest(最年长的)
far farther(更远的,表示距离)further(更进一步,表示程度) farthest(最远的,表示距离)furthest(最大程度)
不规则形容词记忆歌诀
合二为一共三对。"坏","病","两多"并"两好";
一分为二有两个,一是"远"来,二是"老";
还有一词含双义,只记"少"来不记"小"。
注:①ill/bad→worse→worst;many/much→more→most; good/well→better→best;
②far→farther/further→farthest/furthest; old→older/elder→oldest/eldest;
③little→less→least
3.形容词原级常用的句型结构:
句型结构 例:句
"A+be/行为动词+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B"表示"A和B一样 …… " I am as tall as Lily.我和莉莉一样高。
"A+be/行为动词+not as/so +形容词或副词原级+as+B"表示"A不如B那样 …… " He doesn't work as/so hard as his elder brother.他工作不如他哥哥努力。
" A + b e / 行 为 动 词 + 倍 数 +as+形容词或副词原级+as+B"表示"A是B的……倍 …… " Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。
4.常见用法
(1)形容词或副词的比较级+than。
如:You are taller than me.你比我高。
The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房间里的灯比我房间里的亮。
(2)可修饰比较级的词
①a bit,a little,rather,much,far,a lot,a great deal,still,even 等。
②表示倍数的词或度量名词。
(3)much/many,old和far
①much和many的比较级都是 more。后接名词时,much more+不可数名词,many more+可数名词复数。
②old有两种比较级形式:older 和 elder。elder只用于表示兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
如:My elder brother is an engineer.我哥哥是个工程师。
③far 有两种比较级形式:farther 和 further。farther 侧重表示距离更远,further 侧重表示程度更进一步。
如:I have nothing further to say.我没什么要说的了。
5.巧记比较级的用法:
比较级真好学,后加-er就构成了;两者比较使用它,后面跟than加对象;
要想比较的程度变,这点知识更简单;前加much,even,a little,程度由大变小了。
6.含有比较级的谚语
1.A friend is easier lost than found.朋友易失不易得。
2. A good name is better than riches. 声誉胜于财富。
3.Actions speak louder than words.行动胜于言辞。
4.An eye finds more truth than two ears.百闻不如一见。
5.Doing is better than saying.行动胜于言辞。
6.Easier said than done.说起来容易,做起来难。
7.Four eyes see more than two.集思广益。
8.Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。
知识点十二 易错易混词辨析
1.both 与all
单词 用法 反义词
both 指"两者都..."both与复数名词连用,但 both...and...可与单数名词连用 neither 两者都不
all 指三者或三者以上。all修饰或指代可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数;all修饰或指代不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数 none三者或三者以上都不
2.win与beat
win 及物动词 "赢得",宾语是比赛,战争,奖品,金钱等名词
不及物动词 为"获胜"
beat 及物动词 "击败",宾语是比赛或竞争的对手,即指人或团队的名词或代词
不及物动词 "(风雨等)拍打,(心脏)跳动"
We beat them and won the match.我们打败了他们,赢得了比赛。
3.aloud, loud,loudly
单词 用法 例:句
aloud "出声地,高声地",强调能让人听得见。 Read aloud so that we can all hear you.大点儿声读,以便我们都能听见你。
loud "大声地,高声地,响亮地",强调声音响亮,常与动词 speak,talk.say,laugh等连用。 Don't talk so loud.讲话声音不要这么大。
loudly "高声地",有时可与loud通用,但含有"喧闹"的意味。 Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人在大声敲门。
知识点十三 单元素养解读
本单元的话题是谈论个性特征,涉及的学生的核心素养是文化意识中的人文情怀。人文情怀指关切人的生存,发展和幸福等;重视人,尊重人,关爱人,爱护人;以人为本,尊重,维护人的尊严和价值。
本单元通过语法填空,补全对话,阅读理解和写作任务的设置,对学生的听,说,读,看,写等各方面进行了训练,促进了学生语言能力的发展。
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