Unit 1 The Changing World Topic 3 Section C课文讲解及句子成分分析讲义

Unit 1 Topic 3 Section C
课文讲解及课文句子成分分析
一 .课文及翻译 ：
One of the most basic human needs is a home .
家是人类最基本的需求之一。
A home is a safe place .
家是一个安全的地方。
While most people around the world value their homes , there are many people in every country who are homeless .
虽然世界上大多数人都珍视自己的家，但每个国家都有很多人无家可归。
Some people are homeless for a short period of time because they are moving from one place to another , and other people are not able to find a home .
有些人无家可归只是暂时的，因为他们正在从一个地方搬到另一个地方，而其他人则找不到家。
They must live on the streets or in a shelter .
他们必须住在街上或收容所里。
There are many causes of homelessness .
无家可归的原因有很多。
Sometimes people can not keep a home because they do not earn enough money , or because they do not have a job .
有时人们无法维持一个家，是因为他们赚的钱不够，或者因为他们没有工作。
Sometimes people are homeless because they have a problem with drugs or because they have a mental illness .
有时人们无家可归是因为他们吸毒成瘾，或者因为他们有精神疾病。
No one is ever homeless on purpose .
没有人是故意要无家可归的。
Whatever the cause of homelessness is , the effects are the same .
无论无家可归的原因是什么，其影响都是一样的。
Homeless people must work very hard to live .
无家可归的人必须非常努力地生活。
They can not raise their children .
他们无法抚养孩子。
Sometimes they must steal food just to eat .
有时他们甚至必须偷食物才能吃。
The government in every country has worked for many years to support the homeless but more heeds to be done .
每个国家的政府多年来都一直在努力支持无家可归者，但还需要做更多。
We must think of the homcless as people , not just as problems .
我们必须把无家可归者当作人来看待，而不仅仅是问题。
二 .课文句子成分分析及知识点 ：
One of the most basic human needs is a home.
句子成分分析：
主语：One of the most basic human needs
谓语：is
表语：a home
知识点：
"One of + 名词复数" 表示“...之一”。
"basic human needs" 表示“基本的人类需求”。
短语及拓展：
human needs：人类需求（可拓展为 economic needs, physical needs, emotional needs 等）
one of the most...：最...的之一（可替换为 any, several, many 等）
A home is a safe place.
句子成分分析：
主语：A home
谓语：is
表语：a safe place
知识点：
形容词短语 "a safe place" 修饰名词 "home"，表示“一个安全的地方”。
短语及拓展：
safe place：安全的地方（可拓展为 comfortable place, warm place, happy place 等）
While most people around the world value their homes, there are many people in every country who are homeless.
句子成分分析：
主句：there are many people in every country who are homeless
主语：there
谓语：are
表语：many people
定语从句：who are homeless（修饰 people）
从句：While most people around the world value their homes
主语：most people around the world
谓语：value
宾语：their homes
知识点：
"While" 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。
"there be" 句型表示“存在”。
定语从句 "who are homeless" 修饰先行词 "people"。
短语及拓展：
around the world：全世界（可拓展为 in the world, across the globe 等）
value sth.：重视/珍视某物（可拓展为 appreciate, cherish 等）
Some people are homeless for a short period of time because they are moving from one place to another, and other people are not able to find a home.
句子成分分析：
并列句，由并列连词 "and" 连接两个分句。
分句1：Some people are homeless for a short period of time because they are moving from one place to another
主语：Some people
谓语：are homeless
状语：for a short period of time
原因状语从句：because they are moving from one place to another
分句2：other people are not able to find a home
主语：other people
谓语：are not able to find
宾语：a home
知识点：
"for a short period of time" 表示“短时间”。
"from one place to another" 表示“从一个地方到另一个地方”。
"be able to do sth." 表示“能够做某事”。
短语及拓展：
a short period of time：短时间（可拓展为 a long time, a few days, a few hours 等）
move from...to...：从...移动到...（可替换为 travel, relocate 等）
They must live on the streets or in a shelter.
句子成分分析：
主语：They
谓语：must live
地点状语：on the streets or in a shelter
知识点：
"must" 表示“必须”。
"or" 连接两个并列的地点状语。
短语及拓展：
live on the streets：住在街上（可拓展为 live in a house, live in an apartment 等）
in a shelter：在收容所里（可拓展为 in a hotel, in a dormitory 等）
There are many causes of homelessness.
句子成分分析：
主语：There
谓语：are
表语：many causes of homelessness
知识点：
"There be" 句型表示“存在”。
"of homelessness" 是介词短语作定语，修饰 "causes"。
短语及拓展：
causes of sth.：...的原因（可拓展为 reasons for, factors contributing to 等）
Sometimes people can not keep a home because they do not earn enough money, or because they do not have a job.
句子成分分析：
主句：Sometimes people can not keep a home
主语：people
谓语：can not keep
宾语：a home
并列原因状语从句：because they do not earn enough money, or because they do not have a job
知识点：
"Sometimes" 表示“有时”。
"because" 引导原因状语从句。
"or" 连接两个并列的原因状语从句。
短语及拓展：
earn enough money：赚足够的钱（可拓展为 make a living, have a steady income 等）
have a job：有工作（可拓展为 be employed, be out of work 等）
Sometimes people are homeless because they have a problem with drugs or because they have a mental illness.
句子成分分析:
Subject (主语): people
Verb (谓语): are
Complement (表语): homeless
Adverbial Clause (状语从句): because they have a problem with drugs (原因状语从句1)
Coordinating Conjunction (并列连词): or (连接两个原因状语从句)
Adverbial Clause (状语从句): because they have a mental illness (原因状语从句2)
知识点:
有时...因为...: Sometimes...because...
对...有问题: have a problem with...
精神疾病: mental illness
短语及其拓展:
be homeless: 无家可归
have a problem with: 对某事有问题
mental illness: 精神疾病，还可以拓展为mental disorder, psychiatric disorder等
No one is ever homeless on purpose.
句子成分分析:
Subject (主语): No one
Verb (谓语): is
Adverb (副词): ever
Complement (表语): homeless
Adverbial Phrase (状语短语): on purpose
知识点:
故意地: on purpose
短语及其拓展:
on purpose: 故意地，还可以拓展为deliberately, intentionally等
Whatever the cause of homelessness is, the effects are the same.
句子成分分析:
Whatever Clause (让步状语从句): Whatever the cause of homelessness is
Subject (主语): the effects
Verb (谓语): are
Complement (表语): the same
知识点:
无论...: Whatever...
无家可归的原因: the cause of homelessness
效果/影响: the effects
短语及其拓展:
whatever: 无论什么，还可以拓展为no matter what
the cause of: ...的原因，还可以拓展为the reason for
the same: 同样的，还可以拓展为identical, equivalent等
Homeless people must work very hard to live.
句子成分分析:
Subject (主语): Homeless people
Verb (谓语): must work
Adverb (副词): very
Adverbial Phrase (状语短语): to live
知识点:
必须做某事: must do sth.
努力工作: work hard
短语及其拓展:
homeless people: 无家可归的人
work hard: 努力工作，还可以拓展为exert oneself, toil等
They can not raise their children.
句子成分分析:
Subject (主语): They
Verb (谓语): can not raise
Object (宾语): their children
知识点:
不能做某事: can not do sth.
抚养孩子: raise children
短语及其拓展:
raise children: 抚养孩子，还可以拓展为bring up children, nurture children等
Sometimes they must steal food just to eat.
句子成分分析:
Adverb (副词): Sometimes
Subject (主语): they
Verb (谓语): must steal
Object (宾语): food
Adverbial Phrase (状语短语): just to eat
知识点:
有时做某事: Sometimes do sth.
必须做某事: must do sth.
偷窃: steal
短语及其拓展:
steal food: 偷食物，还可以拓展为steal money, steal jewelry等
just to do sth.: 仅仅为了做某事，还可以拓展为merely to do sth., solely to do sth.等
The government in every country has worked for many years to support the homeless but more heeds to be done.
句子成分分析:
Subject (主语): The government in every country
Verb (谓语): has worked
Adverbial Phrase (状语短语): for many years
Infinitive Clause (不定式短语): to support the homeless
Coordinating Conjunction (并列连词): but
Subject (主语): more heeds
Verb (谓语): to be done (被动语态)
注意: "more heeds to be done" 可能是笔误，更常见的表达是 "more needs to be done"。
知识点:
多年来一直做某事: has worked for many years
支持某人: support sb.
更多的工作要做: more needs to be done
短语及其拓展:
in every country: 在每个国家
for many years: 多年来
support the homeless: 支持无家可归者
more needs to be done: 更多的工作要做（替换原句中的“more heeds to be done”）
We must think of the homeless as people, not just as problems.
句子成分分析:
Subject (主语): We
Verb (谓语): must think
Prepositional Phrase (介词短语): of the homeless
Complement (补语): as people, not just as problems
知识点:
必须把...视为...: must think of...as...
不仅仅作为...: not just as...
短语及其拓展:
think of...as...: 把...视为...
not just as...: 不仅仅作为...
the homeless: 无家可归者