人教八下Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains知识点讲义

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains .讲义
一、
Section A
·shoot
/ v.（shot）射击；发射
The police is shooting at that man.(警察正在向那个人开枪)。
· stone
/ n. 石头
The crowd began throwing stones.(人群正开始扔石块)。
·weak
/adj. 虚弱的；无力的
He is a little weak in spelling.(他在拼写方面较差。)
·god
/ n. 神；上帝（God）
He believes in God.(他信奉上帝)。
·remind
/ v. 提醒；使想起
The story reminded him of his childhood.(这个故事让他想起了他的童年。)
·bit
/ n. 一点；小块
It is a bit of work.(这事儿只需稍费工夫就可以了。)
·a little bit
/ 有点儿；稍微
I am a little bit tired.(我觉得有点累。)
·silly
/ adj. 愚蠢的；不明事理的
That' s a silly question.(那是个愚蠢的问题。)
·instead of
/ 代替；反而
I always take a walk after dinner instead of watching TV.(我总是饭后散步，而不是看电视。)
·turn ... into
/ 变成
Water can turn into ice (水能变成冰。)
·object
/ n. 物体；物品
He is studying an object.(他正在研究一个物体。)
·hide
/ v.（hid）隐藏；隐蔽
We must hide away.(我们得躲藏。)
·tail
/ n. 尾巴
This is a black dog with a long tail.
(这是一条长尾巴的黑狗。)
·magic
/ adj. 有魔力的；有神奇力量的
They believe in magic. 他们相信巫术。
·stick
/ n. 棍；条
I forgot to stick a stamp on the letter.(我忘了在信上粘贴邮票。)
·excite
/ v. 使激动；使兴奋
I only take on work that excites me.(（我只做那些令我感兴趣的工作。)
·Western
/ adj. 西方国家的；（尤指）欧美的；西方的（w可以小写）
They are from Western country.(他们来自西方国家。)
·once upon a time
/ 从前
Once upon a time, There was a old kingdom .(从前，有一个古老的王国。)
·stepsister
/ n. 继姐（妹）
As soon as her father died, the stepsisters made her do all the chores.(父亲一死，继姐妹们就让她做所有的家务。)
·prince
/ n. 王子
He was a prince.(他是一个王子。)
·fall in love
/ 爱上；喜欢上
When the prince saw her, he fell in love with her.(当王子看到她时，他爱上了她。)
·fit
/v. 适合；合身
This coat fits you.(这件外套适合你。)
·couple
/ n.（尤指）夫妻；两人；两件事物
The couple have no children.(这对夫妻没有孩子。)
·smile
[sma l] / v. & n. 笑；微笑
She had a big smile on her face.(她笑容满面。)
·marry
[ m ri] / v. 结婚
She married a German.(她嫁给了一个德国人。)
·get married
/ 结婚
The new couple were so happy that they couldn''t stop smiling when they got married.(这对新夫妇很高兴，他们结婚时无法停止微笑。)
Section B
·gold
/ n. 金子；金币 adj. 金色的
This is a white cup with a gold band.(这是镶有金色条纹的白杯子。)
·emperor
/ n. 皇帝
This Emperor is very tall.(这个皇帝很高。)
·silk
/ n. 丝绸；丝织物
Silk is a kind of smooth and soft material.(丝绸是一种光滑柔软的材料。)
·underwear
/ n. 内衣
They are swimming in their underwear.(他们穿着内衣游泳)
·nobody
/pron. 没有人 n. 小人物
Nobody knew what to say.(谁也不知道该说什么。)
·stupid
/adj. 愚蠢的
Do I look that stupid (我看起来有那么蠢吗？)
·cheat
/ v. 欺骗；蒙骗 n. 骗子
Students want to cheat in order to get into top schools.(为了能进入一流学校，学生们想作弊。)
·stepmother
/ n. 继母
They lived near a forest with their stepmother.(他们和他们的继母住在森林附近。)
·wife
/ n. 妻子；太太
His wife gave birth to twin girls.(她妻子生了一对双胞胎女孩。)
·husband
/ n. 丈夫
This is my husband, Steve.(这位是我的丈夫，史蒂夫。)
·whole
/ adj. 全部的；整体的
This is my whole life.(这里是我全部的生活。)
·scene
/ n.（戏剧或歌剧的）场；场景
They are shooting the last scene now.(他们现在拍摄最后一场。)
·moonlight
/ n. 月光
Why does he do this in the moonlight (他为什么在月光下这样做？)
·shine
/ v.（shone）发光；照耀
Shine your flashlight over here.(把手电筒往这儿照一照。)
·bright
/ adv. 光亮地；明亮地 adj. 明亮的；光线充足的
Our classroom is clean and bright now.(现在我们的教室既干净又明亮。)
·ground
/ n. 地；地面
The ground is wet.(地面湿了。)
·lead
/ v.（led）带路； 领路
He took Dickon by the hand to lead him into the house...(他牵着迪康的手把他领进屋。)
·voice
/ n. 声音
'The police are here,' she said in a low voice.(“警察在这里，”她低声说。)
·brave
/ adj. 勇敢的；无畏的
You are a brave man.(你是个勇敢的男人！)
二、
Section A
a little bit 有点儿；稍微
turn ... into 变成
instead of 代替；反而
get married 结婚
once upon a time 从前
fall in love with 爱上……；喜欢上……
work on 从事(某工作)；致力于
as soon as 一……就……
continue to move the mountains 继续移山
take away 拿走
try to do sth. 设法做某事
a good way to solve his problem
解决他的问题的一个好办法
agree with 同意；赞同
for example 例如
build a road 修一条路
give up 放弃
be able to do sth. 能够做某事
for the first time 首次；第一次
main character 主要角色
in fact确切地说；事实上；实际上
look like 看起来像
think of 认为；想起
fight bad people 与坏人作斗争
come out 出来；出版
become interested in ... 对……变得感兴趣
help the weak 帮助弱者
one of the most popular stories
最受欢迎的故事之一
all over the world 全世界
be new to ... 初见的；不熟悉的
Section B
live near a forest 住在森林附近
the whole family 全家
wake up 醒来
make a plan 制订计划
in the moonlight 在月光下
along the way 沿着这条路
go out 外出(娱乐) get lost 迷路
look at the moon 赏月
on the ground 在地上
find out 查明；弄清
never mind (用于安慰)没关系
lead sb. to ... 带领某人去……
made of由……制成的
change his plan 改变他的计划
三、
Section A
1.So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong 你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？
2. It doesn't seem very possible to move a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。
5..He cannot turn himself into a person unless he can hide his tail.
除非他可以把他的尾巴藏起来,他不能把自己变成人.
The Monkey King has excited the children of China for many years.
猴王已经感动了中国的孩子许多年了
Section B
7.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.
这些（山）太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。
8.Don't eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。
9.The prince knew that unless the girl’s foot could fit the shoe, it was not the right girl.
王子知道,除非女孩子的脚与鞋相符,它就不是他想要的女孩.
10.The children surprised the parents.孩子使他们的父母感到惊讶。
四、
Section A
1. finish doing
finish意为“完成，结束”，作及物动词时，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。即：finish sth.或finish doing sth.。例如：
I finished my homework this morning.
我今天上午做完了作业。
When did you finish drawing the picture
你什么时候画完那副画的？
Can you finish reading this book tomorrow
明天你能读完这本书吗？
2. finally
finally是副词，多修饰动态动词，位置较灵活，可位于句中、句首或句尾，位于句中时，要放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前。例如：
They finally found the lost child. 他们终于找到了丢失的孩子。
He worked out the math problem finally. 他终于解出了那道数学题。
3. remind
(1) remind是及物动词，意思是“提醒、使某人想起”，经常和介词of连用，构成动词短语remind sb. of sb. / sth.＝remind sb. that＋从句，意思是“使某人想起某事或者某人”。　例如：
Does that song remind you of your mother
那首歌使你想起你的妈妈吗？
(2) 动词短语remind sb. to do sth. 的意思是“提醒某人做某事”。例如：
Please remind me to return the books to the library.
请提醒我把这些书还给图书馆。
4. sound stupid
sound在此是系动词，意为“听起来”，后面接形容词作表语。例如：
The song sounds wonderful! 那首歌听起来太精彩了！
The music sounds beautiful. 这首音乐听起来很美。
【拓展】类似sound这种用法的词还有：feel(摸起来，感觉)；smell(闻起来)；look(看起来)；taste(品尝)等。例如：
The food tastes delicious. 食物尝起来很美味。
I feel so happy today. Mum will buy me a new bike.
我今天很高兴，妈妈要为我买辆新自行车。
The old man looks very happy. 那个老人看起来很幸福。
These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。
5. get married
(1) get married意为“结婚”。若问某人是否结婚，而不涉及结婚的对象，可用be / get married的形式，相当于系表结构。例如：
你结婚了吗？
【误】 Do you marry / Have you married
【正】 Are you married / Have you got married
(2) be / get married to sb. 意为“与某人结婚”。例如：
Alice was married to a doctor last month.
上个月爱丽丝和一位医生结婚了。
【拓展】marry既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“结婚；嫁；娶；与……结婚等”。常见用法如下：
(1) marry sb.意为“与……结婚”。例如：
John married Mary last week. 上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。
(2) marry sb. to sb.意为“把某人嫁给某人”。例如：
She married her daughter to a businessman.
她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。
(3) marry 一般不与介词with 连用。
她和一位英国人结了婚。
【误】She married with an Englishman.
【正】She married an Englishman.
【正】She was / got married to an Englishman.
Section B
6. along
along作介词，意为“沿着”，课本中的along the way意为“沿路”。例如：
There are trees all along the road.
沿着这条路从头到尾都有树。
7. maybe
maybe作副词，意为“也许；大概”。例如：
Maybe he is a teacher. 也许他是个老师。
【拓展】辨析：maybe与may be
(1) maybe是副词，主要用于非正式场合，口语中常用。意为“也许，大概”。它通常放在句子的开头，在句子中作状语。例如：
Maybe they won’t come here tonight.
他们大概今晚不会来这儿。
Maybe she is happy. 也许她是幸福的。
(2) may be是“情态动词may+动词原形be”构成的，在句中做谓语，意为“可能是、大概是”。例如：
She may be at home. 她可能在家。（也可以说：Maybe she is at home.）
You may be right. 你可能是对的。（也可以说：Maybe you are right.）
8. be made of
be made of 意为“由……制成”，强调从制成品中仍可以看出原材料。
The desk is made of woods. 桌子是由木头制成的。
【拓展】be made 后接不同的介词，具有不同的意义。
(1) be made from意为“用……制成”，强调从制成品中看不出原材料。
Books are made from woods.
书是由木头制成的。
(2) be made in 意为“由……制造（生产）”，强调生产地点，in后只接地点的名词。
The kind of watch is made in Shanghai.
这种手表是在上海制造的。
(3) be made up of 意为“由……组成”或“由……构成”， 强调由多种成分、团体、成员或单位等组成或构成。
Our class is made up of twenty-eight girls and sixteen boys.
我们班由二十八个女孩和十六个男孩组成。
(4) be made into意为“把……制成……”，注意表示原材料的词作句子的主语，表示制成品的词作介词into的宾语。
Glass can be made into all kinds of beautiful things.
玻璃可以制成各种各样漂亮的物品。
五、
Section A
1. As soon as the man finish talking, Yu Gong said that his family…
as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。例如：
Please call back as soon as you arrive home.
请你一到家，就给我回电。
I’ll write to you as soon as I get there.
我一到那儿就给你写信。
As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.
我一进门，Katherine 就高兴的叫起来。
【拓展】as soon as 引导的时间状语从句前后时态搭配：
(1) 主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。例如：
He will come to my home as soon as he gets to Beijing.
他一到北京就来我家。
(2) 主句为一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。例如：
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down.
他一坐下，就拿出他的英语书。
2. Finally, a god was so moved by Yu Gong that he sent two gods to take the mountains away.
so…that…引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，此句型中，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。常用句型为：主语+谓语+ so+ adj./adv. + that从句。例如：
Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him.
我们的老师是如此好心以至于我们都喜欢他。
He runs so fast that nobody in my class can catch up with him.
他跑得那么快，我们班没有人能追上他。
【拓展】“如此……以至于……”归纳：
(1) so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句 = such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词+ that从句。例如：
It was so fine a day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic. = It was such a fine day yesterday that we all went out for a picnic.
昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。
(2) such + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词 + that从句。例如：
They are such good students that the teacher likes them.
他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。
It was such fine weather yesterday that we went swimming.
昨天天气很好，我们去游泳了。
(3)当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many, much, few, little等修饰时，只能用so，不能用such。例如：
There was so much noise outside that we couldn’t hear the teacher.
外面嘈杂声很大，以致我们不能听到老师的话。
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.
他跌了这么多的跤，以致全身青一块、紫一块的。
3. It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain.
seem此处作连系动词，意为“似乎；好像”，后跟形容词作表语。可以和seem to be相互转换。例如：
He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry.
他好像非常生气。
4. ...what’s possible unless you try to make it happen.
unless是连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“除非……；如果不……；除了……”，常引导一个否定意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件句。unless引导的条件状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。主要用于下列情况：
(1) 主句为肯定句：
You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.
你要不快点就会错过班车。
You’ll fail in chemistry again unless you work harder.
如果你不再加把劲，你化学考试还会不及格。
(2) 主句为否定句：
One can’t learn a foreign language unless he studies hard.
不下苦功夫是学不好外语的。
I will not go unless I hear from him.
如果我不收到他的来信，我就不去。
【拓展】unless与if…not的辨析：
unless与if…not都表否定，连接条件状语从句时，通常可互换。
I’ll go there unless it rains. = I’ll go there if it doesn’t rain. 我会去那儿，除非下雨。（如果不下雨，我就去。）
只能用if…not的情况
表示“由于未发生B而发生A”时
（1）I’d be glad if she doesn’t come this evening. 如果今天晚上她不来，我将很高兴。
引导虚拟条件句时
（2）If she weren’t so silly, she would understand. 如果她不那么傻，她就会明白了。
Section B
5. Did you hear our stepmother planning to kill us 你听到继母正在计划着杀死我们吗？
hear sb. doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事（正在进行）”。例如：
I heard him singing when I walked past the shop.
昨天我路过商店时，听见他正在唱歌。
【拓展】
(1) hear sb. do sth.表示“听到某人经常做某事或做某事的全过程（已完成）”。例如：
I usually hear someone sing in her room.
我经常听到有人在她房间里唱歌。
(2) hear of意为“听说”，后面接名词，代词或动名词。例如：
I have never heard of him.
我从来没有听说过他。
(3) hear from sb.意为“收到某人的来信”，与receive a letter from sb.意思相同。例如：
I heard from my mother yesterday.= I received a letter from my mother yesterday.
昨天我收到了妈妈的来信。
六、
1. unless引导条件状语从句
unless = if … not ―除非，若不
They will go tomorrow unless it rains. 除非下雨，否则他们明天会出发。
= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.
2. as soon as引导时间状语从句。 ―……就
He will come and see you as soon as he can.
他会尽快来看你的。
3. so.......that引导结果状语从句
句型1：so+形容词/副词+that从句
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
风太大了，我们几乎无法前进。
句型2：so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句
It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
天气太热了，他们都去游泳了。
句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
他朋友太少，常常感到孤独。
句型4：so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.
我的钱太少了，连支笔都买不起。
七、
Section A
[考点1 ] instead & instead of
instead作副词, 意为“代替;反而;却”，可置于句首或句末。置于句首时后面需加逗号与主句隔开。instead of意为“代替;反而”,后面常跟名词、代词或V-ing形式。
【典型例题】
选用instead或instead of完成句子。
1. Mike, let's play chess____ watching TV.
2. There's no coffee. Would you like some tea____？
【答案】 1.instead of 2.instead
【解析】本题考查instead和instead of的区别。1.句意：麦克，我们玩棋吧，别看电视了。2.没有咖啡了，你要喝点茶吗？instead作副词,意为“代替;反而;却”，可置于句首或句末。置于句首时后面需加逗号与主句隔instead of意为“代替;反而”,后面常跟名词、代词或V-ing形式。故填 1.instead of 2.instead 。
[考点2 ] marry
marry作动词，意为“(和某人)结婚;嫁;娶"; marry sb.意为“与……结婚”;嫁给某人;娶某人；be /get married (to sb.)意为“(和某人)结婚”；marry sb.和get married强调动作,是短暂性的;be married是延续性的，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
【典型例题】
根据汉语意思完成句子,每空词数不限。
去年本和玛丽结婚了。
1.Last year Ben____ Mary.
2.布朗夫妇结婚十年了。
Mr. and Mrs. Browns have been____for ten years.
【答案】 1.married 2.married
【解析】本题考查 marry的用法。1.句意：去年本和玛丽结婚了。2.布朗夫妇结婚十年了。marry作动词，意为“(和某人)结婚;嫁;娶"; marry sb.意为“与……结婚”;嫁给某人;娶某人；be /get married (to sb.)意为“(和某人)结婚”；marry sb.和get married强调动作,是短暂性的;be married是延续性的，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。故填 1.married 2.married。
Section B
[考点3]whole&all
whole作形容词时,意为“全部的;整体的”，与all意思相近,但二者用法不同:whole仅用于名词前，且whole常置于the, his, her等词之后;all通常修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数,且常置于冠词、指示代词、物主代词之前。
【典型例题】
选词填空。
Whole all
1.Andy passed____the exams with good grades.
2.They spent the____summer practicing playing soccer.
【答案】 1. all 2.whole
【解析】本题考查 whole&all的的区别。1.句意：Andy 以优异的成绩通过了所有的考试。2.他们整个夏天都在练习踢足球。whole作形容词时,意为“全部的;整体的”，与all意思相近,但二者用法不同:whole仅用于名词前，且whole常置于the, his, her等词之后;all通常修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数,且常置于冠词、指示代词、物主代词之前。故填 1. all 2.whole。
【考点4 ] voice, noise & sound
voice作 名词,意为“声音;嗓音”,一般指人的声音,如说话、唱歌的声音。sound作名词,意为“声音”，泛指自然界的各种声音。noise作名词,意为“嘈杂声;噪音”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的声音。
【典型例题】
选用voice, noise或sound完成句子
1. My sister has a beautiful ____and she sings well.
2.Our teacher said light travels faster than____.
3.You' re making too much ____. Be quiet!
【答案】 1.voice 2.sound 3.noise
【解析】本题考查 voice, noise和sound的的区别。1.句意：我姐姐嗓音很好，唱歌也很好听。2.我们老师说光比声音传播得快。3.你们太吵了，安静！voice作名词,意为“声音;嗓音”,一般指人的声音,如说话、唱歌的声音。sound作名词,意为“声音”，泛指自然界的各种声音。noise作名词,意为“嘈杂声;噪音”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的声音。故填 1.voice 2.sound 3.noise。
八、
1.finally; at last和in the end的辨析：
(1) finally强调在列举论点时，引出最后一个内容，有表示盼望已久的事情终于实现了的含义。侧重最后的结果。例如：
They talked about it for hours, finally they decided not to go.
他们为此讨论了几个小时，最后决定不去了。
(2) at last强调经过曲折后才达到目的。表示期待的感情更为强烈。侧重指先后顺序，并且在句中的位置较为灵活。例如：
When they found him at last, he was almost dead.
当他们最终找到他时，他几乎死过去了。
(3) in the end在强调经过许多变化、困难之后才达到目的时，与at last的用法一样，且位置较为灵活。但在表示对将来的结局表示预测时，只能用in the end。例如：
He tried many different jobs, and in the end he became a postman.
他做过许多工作，最后当了一名邮递员。
2.along；across与through的辨析：
(1) along意为“沿着”，指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。例如：
I saw him running along the road. 我看见他正沿着这条路跑。
(2) across意为“横过，穿过”，主要表示从某物的表面横过。例如：
He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地走过马路。
(3) through意为“横过，穿过”，表示从某个空间或内部穿过。例如：
He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人走过森林。
九、
请你以The story of YuGong为题，把“愚公移山”的故事用英语简要叙述一下，并谈一谈你从故事中学到了什么。
要求：语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范，80词左右。
【范文】
The story of YuGong
Once upon a time, there was an old man called YuGong. Although he was almost 90, he decided to move the mountains.
A clever man called Zhisou said,“you are too old to move the mountains.”Yugong said,“If I die, my sons still do this, and if my sons die, my grandsons continue doing this.”then a god was moved by Yugong, so he sent two gods to help him.
From this story, I learn that anything is possible if we work hard.