2016年北师大版必修一Unit 1 lifestyles language points 学案

Unit 1 lifestyles language points 学案
1．As_long_as I get g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ood marks in my tests，it doesn't matter if I can speak English or not.(教材P4)只要我能在考试中取得好成绩，我是否能说好英语就无关紧要了。
(1)as long as 只要；长达
As/So long as you don ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t lose heart，you will succeed sooner or later.只要你不灰心，你早晚会成功的。
【提示】　as long as与so long as在表示“只要”之意时通用，没有肯定或否定句式的限制。
as long as 只要，相当于so long as
as far as 远达；直到
as much/many as多达
as...as possible尽可能……
Some villagers in Yun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nan have to go as far as 5 kilometres to fetch water now.
现在，云南一些村民必须到5公里外去运水。
The boss earns as much as 100,000 dollars a year.
这个老板每年能挣10万美元。
完成句子
①I shall love you ________________________(只要我有一丝呼吸)．
②He spent________________________(长达三小时来做家庭作业)every day.
【答案】　①as long as I have breath
②as long as three hours doing his homework
(2)matter vi.要紧；有重大关系(常用于否定句和疑问句中)
Does it matte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r a great deal to her whether they come or not？他们是否来，这与她有很大关系吗？
①It doesn't matter who/why/what/where/how/that...……没关系/无所谓
It doesn't matter.(口)没关系(表示你并不生气或介意)；无所谓(用于表示选哪个都可以)。
②matter n．事情，问题；物质
What's the matter？/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Something is the matter./Nothing is the matter./Is there anything the matter
(口)怎么了？/有点问题。/没什么问题。/有什么麻烦吗？
as a matter of fact(口)事实上，实际上，其实
no matter 无论；不管
It's a matter of...是……的问题
It doesn't matter what you wear，as long as you look neat and tidy.
你穿什么衣服都无所谓，只要看上去干净整洁就行。
—I've broken a cup by mistake.
—It doesn't matter.
——我不小心打碎了一个杯子。
——没关系。
What's the matter with Bill？His eyes look red.
比尔怎么了？他的眼睛看上去红红的。
As a matter of fact，we are in the same school.
实际上，我们是同一个学校的。
No matter how har ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d he studies，he can't catch up with his twin sister.无论他多么努力地学习，他还是赶不上他的双胞胎妹妹。
【提示】　在用what提问时，wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at在句中作主语，故在转化成宾语时，句子不用改变语序。例如：What's the matter with you
完成句子
③____________(事实上)，he is the tallest in our class.
④____________(怎么了)？You look as if you have been crying.
【答案】　③As a matter of fact　④What's the matter
2．relaxing adj.轻松的；放松的
I think a shepherd's l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ife is peaceful and relaxing—but maybe it's boring sometimes.(教材P7)
我认为牧羊人的生活是宁静的、轻松的——不过可能有的时候令人厌烦。
I found listening to music very relaxing.
我发现听音乐非常放松。
relax v．放松，使放松；轻松，使轻松
relaxed adj.轻松的；放松的
relaxation n．放松，松弛；消遣，娱乐
The music will help to relax you.
音乐会使你感到轻松。
Always try to play as relaxed as possible.
可能的话，经常试着去放松地去玩。
Fishing is his favorite relaxation.
他最喜爱的消遣是钓鱼。
【提示】　relaxed常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用来修饰人，指“(人)感到放松、轻松”；relaxing常用来修饰事物，指“(某事物或事情)令人感到放松、轻松”。
【教师备课资源】　
interesting 令人感兴趣的；interested 感兴趣的
disappointing 令人失望的；disappointed 感到失望的
surprising 令人吃惊的；surprised 感到吃惊的
用relax，relaxing和relaxed填空
①He appeared ________ and confident before the match.
②He had a ________ evening.
③Just ________ and enjoy the movie.
【答案】　①relaxed　②relaxing　③relax
3．until conj.& prep.直到……为止
I turn on th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e television and watch the children's programmes and old movies until about half past ten.(教材P8)我打开电视，看看儿童节目，看看老片子，一直看到大约十点半。
Sit here until she comes back.
坐在这里等她回来。
①until用在肯定句中时，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
②until引导的结构与否定句连用时， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构成not...until...结构，主句所表达的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生，译成“直到……才……”；主句谓语动词往往为非延续性动词。
③until的常用句型：It was not until...that...直到……才……，用在强调句型中。
④not until放在句首时，主句的语序需要用部分倒装。
You may stay here until the rain stops.
你可以留在这儿直到雨停。
He won't go to bed until (till) she returns.
直到她回来他才去睡觉。
It was not until yesterday that we knew about it.
直到昨天我们才知道那件事。
Not until I came back did she go away.
直到我回来她才离开。
【对接高考】
(2011 全国卷Ⅱ)This sho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p will be closed for repairs ________ further notice.
A．with　　　　　　　　　　　B．until
C．for D．at
【解析】　句意：这家店将停业装修，营业时间另行通知。until further notice 表示“在另行通知前”。　　
【答案】　B
句型转换
She didn't set foot in England until 2013.
①________________________________________________________________________(倒装句)
②________________________________________________________________________(强调句)
【答案】　①Not until 2013 did she set foot in England.
②It was not until 2013 that she set foot in England.
4．switch vt.转换；转变n.开关；转变
Then I get up，go d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ownstairs and switch on the TV in the living room.(教材P8)
接着我起床，下楼，打开客厅的电视。
His father switched on the light.
他爸爸打开了电灯。
You pressed the wrong switch.你按错了开关。
switch on(＝turn on)把开关打开；接通
switch off(＝turn off)把……关掉；关上
switch over转换频道；转变
switch...to...把……转换为……
How do you switch this thing on
这东西怎么打开？
Don't forget to swi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tch off all the lights before leaving the office.离开办公室前别忘记关掉所有的灯。
We've switched over to telephone banking.
我们已经改用电话银行服务了。
用适当的介/副词填空
①Switch the lights________when you leave.
②She switched from full time work________part time work.
③Switch________if you don't like the programme.
④It's time to watch news on TV. Please switch________the TV set.
【答案】　①off　②to　③over　④on
5．while当……的时候
I always take m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y portable TV and I sit on the stone wall while the dog walks round in a circle.(教材P8)
我总是随身携带着手提电视，坐在石墙上看，小狗则在我身旁绕圈。
Please don't talk so loudly while others are working.
当别人在工作时，请不要大声喧哗。
while/when/as
while 表示一段时间和某一过程，必须跟延续性动词。
when 既可以表示时间段，也可以表示时间点。从句动词可为终止性的，也可为持续性的。
as 则表示两个动作同时进行，有时有伴随意味。可译为“一边……一边”。
They arrived while we were having dinner.
我们在吃饭时他们来了。
I jumped up when she called.
她打来电话时我跳了出来。
As he talked on，he got more and more excited.
他继续谈着，越来越兴奋。
用when，while，as填空
①____________I was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the store.
②____________John arrived, I was cooking lunch.
③I was wandering thro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh the street____________I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
【答案】　①When/While/As　②When 　③when
6．work one's way through sth.自始至终忙于做某事；(通过努力)逐步达到
Thirty?six?yea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r?old Bob Black is sitting at his desk and working his way through his paperwork.(教材P9)36岁的鲍勃 布莱克正坐在写字台前忙着他的案头工作。
She worked her way through the pile of documents.
她从头到尾处理了那一堆文件。
work one's way through school/college...半读；勤工俭学
lose one's way 迷路
make one's way to...前往；到……地方去
feel one's way摸索前进
find one's way out找到办法
get in the way of挡住……的去路
He lost his way in the forest.
他在森林中迷路了。
We made our way down the hill towards the town.
我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进 。
At this early stage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the talk both sides were still feeling their way.
在这谈判的初始阶段，双方尚十分谨慎。
完成句子
①她须半工半读学习法律。
She had to ______________law school.
②午饭后，我就到教室去了。
After lunch I ______________ the classroom.
③他在黑暗中摸索着走到门口。
He ______________the door in the dark.
【答案】　①work her way through　②made my way to
③felt his way to
7．go off(爆竹、铃等)响；熄灭；变质；离开(尤指去做某事)；(机器等)停止运转；进展
I normally wake up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off.(教材P9)
我一般在闹钟响前5分钟就醒了。
The thieves ran away ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) when the burglar alarm went off.防盗自动警铃一响，盗贼立刻逃走了。
go after 追赶；追逐；追求　　　go ahead 干吧；做吧
go out 熄灭；过时 go away 走开；离去
We're both going after the same job.
我们俩都谋求得到这份工作。
Go ahead and do what you like.
去吧，喜欢干什么就干什么。
Don't let the fire go out；there's plenty of wood.
不要让火灭了，有的是木柴。
【教师备课资源】　
go in for喜欢； 参加　　　　go down吞下；(物价)下跌
go against 违背；不利于 go over 检查；复习
go for 想要得到；攻击 go through经历；遭受
写出下列句子中go off的汉语意思
①Suddenly all the ligh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts went off when we were studying in our classroom.________
②My birthday party went off very well last night.________
③The milk has gone off and you have to throw it away.________
④I decided to go o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ff to work as usual though it was raining heavily.________
【答案】　①灯/火等熄灭　②进行，进展　③食物等变质，变坏　④走，离开
8．take 花费
It takes me less th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an fifteen minutes to wash，get changed，have breakfast，leave home and get on a bus.(教材P9)我用不足15分钟的时间洗漱、穿衣、吃早饭、离开家并坐上公共汽车。
①“名词＋take＋时间”表示“某事需要花多长时间”。
②“名词＋take sb. ＋时间＋to do sth.”表示“做某事需要花某人多长时间”。
③“It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.”表示“做某事需要花某人多长时间”，这是最常见的句型。
④询问“做某事需要花多长时间”，可以用“How long does it take...？”这一句型。
The work will take two weeks.
这项工作需要两周时间。
The work will take us two weeks to finish.
这项工作需要花我们两周时间来完成。
It takes me half an hour to go to school.
我需要花半个小时到学校。
—How long does it take to do your homework
——你做家庭作业需要花多长时间？
—It takes about two hours.
——大约两个小时。
cost/take/spend/pay
cost，take，pay 和spend 都有“花费”之意，但其用法各不相同，区别如下：
易混词 主语 常见搭配
take 物或it It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.
It takes some time (for sb.)to do sth.
Sth.takes(sb.)some time
续表
pay 人 Sb.pays for sth.
Sb.pays some money for sth.
spend 人 Sb.spends some time/money on sth.
Sb.spends some time (in)doing sth.
cost 物 Sth.costs sb.some money
He drew out 2000 yuan to pay for the television set.
他为支付电视机款而取出二千元存款。
Don't spend too much time watching TV.
看电视不要看太长时间。
My new car cost me a cool thousand pounds.
我的新车整整花了我1000镑。
句型转换
①It took the expert 3 years to build the bridge.
→________________________________________________________________________(spend)
②I spend ￥100 on books on computer each month.
→________________________________________________________________________(cost)
→________________________________________________________________________(pay)
【答案】　①The expert sp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent 3 years (in) building the bridge.　②Books on computer cost me ￥100 each month./I pay ￥100 for books on computer each month.
9．take up占据；拔起；升起；开始从事……；继续；占用(时间、空间)；将(衣服)改短；一起唱，一齐说)；对某事产生兴趣
Meetings and p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hone calls take up a large part of the day.(教材P9)一天的大部分时间都在开会和打电话。
The little time I had outside school was taken up with homework.
我在课外的一点点时间都被家庭作业占用了。
take over 控制；管理；接任　　take down 记下；拿下
take for 误以为；当作 take back 收回(话)
Could you possibly take over the post
你能接任这个职位吗？
The reporters took down the speech.
记者们记下了这些话。
He speaks Ger ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )man so well，that he's often taken for a native.他德语说得很好，常被误以为是德国人。
I take back what I said.我收回我说的话。
【教师备课资源】　
take off 脱下；请假　　　　　　take away 拿走；使离开
take on呈现；承担；雇用 take in吸收；欺骗；理解
写出下列句子中take up的汉语意思
①I'll take up the story where I stopped yesterday.________
②She took up acting while she was at college.________
③A large working table takes up most space in his office.________
④I first took up teaching after graduation.________
⑤The skirt needs taking up.________
【答案】　①接着讲下去　②对……产生兴趣　③占据空间　④开始从事　⑤将衣服改短
10．Every minute of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e day is_filled_with_urgent matters.(教材P9)每一分钟都充斥着急待处理的事情。
(1)be filled with充满着
I am filled with admiration for your bravery.
我由衷钦佩你的勇敢。
fill vt.&vi.使充满；注入
fill...with...把……用……充满
fill(...)up with...充满
fill in填写；填入
be full of充满(表状态)
His little daughter got up to fill my glass with hot tea.
他的小女儿起身给我斟满了热茶。
Shall I fill your car up
要我把你的车加满油吗？
The bottle is full of fresh water.瓶子里装满清水。
【提示】　be full of和be fil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )led with一样，都强调“充满……”的状态，而主动形式fill...with...则强调动作。
fill用法图解
完成句子
①医生往瓶子里装入了一些药物。
The doctor ________ the bottle ________ some medicine.
句型转换
②Her eyes are filled with tears.
→Her eyes ________________________ tears.
【答案】　①filled；with　②are full of
(2)urgent adj.急迫的；紧急的；紧要的
This work is not urgent；we can do it tomorrow.
这份工作不急，我们可以明天再做。
Something urgent has come up.
发生了紧急的事情。
urgency n．迫切；紧急
urgently adv. 迫切地；紧急地
urge vt.催促；力劝
This is a matter of great urgency.
这是一件十分紧急的事情。
I don't like to be in deep.Don't urge me to do so.
我不想陷得很深，不要极力劝我去这样做。
【教师备课资源】　
urgent call紧急电话　　urgent telegram紧急电报
urgent mail急件 urgently adv.紧急地
用urgent的适当形式填空
③No delay！We ________ need these books.
④They __________ us to give our support.
⑤It is ________ that f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ood and clothing should be sent to the sufferers.
⑥Work should be done in order of importance and ________.
【答案】　③urgently　④urged/urge　⑤urgent
⑥urgency
11．When I get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )home at about ten, I look at some documents that I bring back from the office so_that I can be ready for the next day's work.(教材P9)大约晚上10点钟我才能回到家，到家后还要浏览从办公室带回的文件，为第二天的工作做准备。
so that意为“目的是，为了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”，相当于in order that。so that 既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结果是，以至于”。
Please speak clearly so that they may understand you.
请说清楚些以便他们能听清你的话。
The bus broke down，so that we had to walk.
公共汽车出了故障，因此我们不得不步行。
so/such...that...“如此……以致……”引导的结果状语从句：
George had so little money that he had to get a job.
乔治几乎没有钱，所以他不得不找工作。
It was such a bad acc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ident that several people got injured.事故很严重，好几个人受了伤。
They are such inter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esting books that we all want to read them.这些书很有趣，我们都想读一读。
in order that/so that/in order to/so as to
in order that相当于s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o that后面接句子；in order to与so as to后接动词原形；in order to在句中的位置比较灵活，句首句中都可以；so as to只位于句中，一般不置于句首。
单项填空
①I'd like to arr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive 20 minutes early ________ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A．as soon as　　　　　　　　　　B．as a result
C．in case D．so that
【解析】　句意：我喜欢早到20分钟，是为了有时间喝一杯茶。
【答案】　D
句型转换
②We got up early so that we could catch the first train.
→We got up early __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______________________ we could catch the first train.
→We got up early ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______________________________ catch the first train.
【答案】　in order that；in order to/so as to/to
12．complain about/of抱怨
My family complains about it.(教材P9)
我的家人对此总是抱怨。
She often complain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s about not feeling appreciated at work.她因为感到自己在工作上不受赏识而常发牢骚。
①complain (to sb.)about sth.(向某人)抱怨某事
complain that抱怨
②complaint n．抱怨；埋怨
make a complaint against对……提出投诉
make a complaint about/of sb./sth.对……抱怨
You are always complaining about having no chance of being promoted.
你总是抱怨自己没有得到升职的机会。
Almost immediately ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he began to complain(to us) that the pay he got was much too low.他几乎马上就开始(向我们)抱怨他得到的报酬太少了。
【提示】　complain后跟宾语从句时，只接that从句，不能跟sb.作宾语，若跟sb.，complain后须加to。
用介词填空
①She complained ________ me ________ his rudeness.
②A complaint has been made ________ him.
③Many people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are making complaints ________ the high price of vegetables.
【答案】　①to；about/of　②against　③about
13．besides adv.而且；此外
Besides，I get bored if there's nothing to do.(教材P9)而且，如果没事可做我会感到无聊。
It's too late to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go for a walk now；besides，it begins to rain.现在出去散步太晚了，何况又开始下雨了。
①besides作副词时相当于in addition。
②besides作介词时，意为“除……之外”，相当于in addition to。
I don't really want to go with you now.Besides，it's too cold outside.
我现在真的不想和你一起走。再说外面太冷了。
Besides Tom，I also have other friends in Beijing.
除了汤姆以外，我在北京还有其他的朋友。
besides/except/except for/apart from
besides 表示“除……之外(还)”，除去的部分包括在整体之内，常和other，more，else等词连用，后面接名词、代词和动名词。
except 和but意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )义相同，表示除去的部分不包括在整体之内。except常和表示全体概念的词连用，如everything，all，nothing等，其后常接名词、代词、不定式、从句或介词短语。
except for 强调整体与部分的关系，意为“除……以外”，主要用来肯定整体，否定部分。
apart from 为介词短语，意为“除……之外”，既可意为包括在内，也可意为不包括在内。后接名词或动名词。
His family is poo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r，so he has no choice except to study hard.他家境贫穷，因此除了努力学习以外，他别无选择。
Your composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes.
你的作文除了个别拼写错误外，整体上很好。
Apart from basketball，he also likes football.
除了篮球以外，他还喜欢足球。
【对接高考】
(2011 江西高考)The h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouse was too expensive and too big.________， I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
A．Besides　　　　　　　　　　B．Therefore
C．Somehow D．Otherwise
【解析】　句意：这个房子太贵太大。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )此外我已经对我的小的租用房越来越感兴趣了。根据前后句判断出为并列关系。Besides此外，表示并列；therefore因此，表示因果；somehow无论如何，表示转折；otherwise除此之外，表示转折。
【答案】　A
用besides，except，except for填空
①The movie was good ________ the ending.
②I can answer all the questions ________ the last.
③Who else is willing to go there ________ Tom
【答案】　①except for　②except　③besides
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会一般现在时和现在进行时的用法。
①For lunch，I have biscuits and a glass of milk.
②I like the main news at six o'clock.
③I am always the first person to get to the office.
④Brian Blakey ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is sitting on his sofa and telling me about his perfect day.
⑤Bob Black is s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itting at his desk and working his way through his paperwork.
[自我总结]　1.上述句子，①②③句时态为__________；④⑤句时态为__________。
2．一般现在时的形式是用动词原形或动词的第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人称单数形式，表示________的动作，常和often，every day等时间状语连用；现在进行时的形式是am/is/are doing，表示____________的动作，常和at the moment等时间状语连用。
【答案】　一般现在时　现在进行时　经常发生　现在正在进行
一般现在时与现在进行时
一、一般现在时的用法
1．表示习惯性、经常性的动作。
I like watching TV.我喜欢看电视。
2．表示此时此刻存在着的状态，这种状态有一定的持续性。
He studies hard.他学习很努力。
3．表示客观真理、科学事实、格言及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。
The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
4．用在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将要发生的动作。
I'll tell you when she comes.她来时，我会告诉你。
5．表示按时间表拟定的或安排好的事情，或要发生的动作。
常用于这种情况的动词有 come，g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o，run，start，begin，return，leave，take place 等，句中常有表示将来的时间状语。
The train leaves at three this afternoon.
火车今天下午3点开。
6．用在某些表达法中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
Here comes the bus！汽车来了！
【记忆口诀】
一般现在时态中，动词一般 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用原形。表述事实讲真理，习惯动作常发生。动词词尾加 s(es)，只表单数三人称。若变一般疑问句，得看句型是哪种。系表结构和there be，be放句首可完成；若遇实义动词句，do或does莫忘用！
二、现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
Now watch carefully and see what is happening.
现在仔细观察，看正在发生什么事。
2．表示现阶段一直进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。
I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation.
这个暑假我在农场帮爸爸。
3．有时表示即将发生的动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作(只限于go，come，stay，leave，start，begin，arrive，return，fly，drive，do，have等)，这时常有一个表示将来的时间状语。
Are you staying in Guangzhou for a week
你将在广州待一周吗？
4．在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来进行时。
If I am sleeping when he comes，wake me up，please.
他来时，如果我在睡觉，请叫醒我。
5．与副词always，usually，forever，constantly等连用，表达说话者的一种感彩。
She is always thinking of others instead of herself.
她总是想着别人而不是她自己。
【记忆口诀】
look，listen是标志，现在进 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行正发生；有now出现在句中，“be＋v. ing”时态成。若问be用何形式，须看主语数、人称。一般问句be提前，be加not否定成。
【提示】
下列动词不能用于进行时态：
感官类：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notice，look，seem，appear，etc.
感觉类：hate，love，fear，like，want，wish，prefer，refuse，forgive，etc.
存在类：be，exist，remain，stay，obtain，etc.
占有、从属类：have，possess，own，contain，belong，consist of，form，etc.
认识类：understand，know，believe，think，doubt，forget，remember，etc.
一般现在时与现在进行时
1．一般现在时用来说明客观事实或情况及强调动作的永恒性和反复性；而现在进行时表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，含有暂时性和未完成性。
2．常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ften，always，usually，never，seldom，now，etc.；常与现在进行时连用的时间状语有：now，right now，at present，at this moment，these days，etc.。
　He writes to his parents once a month.
他每月给父母写一封信。
He is writing to his parents right now.
他现在正在给父母写信。