2025届高考英语语法专题复习：非谓语动词之动名词与现在分词课件(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
动名词与现在分词
名称 非谓语动词的语法功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语
不定 式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名 词 √ √ √ √
现在 分词 √ √ √ √
过去 分词 √ √ √ √
一般式 完成式
主动式 doing having done
被动式 being done having been done
现在分词和动名词的形式
现在分词和动名词同形。
作定语、状语、宾语补足语等时被叫做现在分词, 现在分词更接近于形容词、副词的功能;
作主语、宾语等时被叫做动名词, 动名词更接近于名词的功能。
现在分词和动名词均可以作表语、定语, 但有区别。
PART 1 动名词
① 动名词的一般式
一般式所表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，表示经常性、习惯性的动作(或状态)，也可能在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。
I in nature．
我享受在大自然中滑雪。
② 动名词的完成式
动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I remembered (meet) him before．
我记得之前见过他。
enjoy skiing
having met
一、动名词的形式
③ 动名词的被动式
动名词的被动式也有一般式与完成式两种。
by the owner happens to pets a lot．
有很多宠物被主人抛弃。
Helen forgot (take) to the zoo when she was
three years old．
海伦忘记自己3岁时曾被带去动物园玩。
Being abandoned
having been taken
④ 动名词的否定式
动名词的否定式由“not+动名词”构成。
You will regret not following my advice．
你会后悔没听我的劝告。
e.g:我写信的是就未能参加你的聚会向你道歉。
.
I’m writing to make an apology / apologize for
not attending your party.
二、动名词的用法
① 动名词作主语
____________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
在一些句子中，常用 it 作形式主语，将动名词放在句子后面。此类句型有：
1) It is + no use，no good，no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time等名
词+doing sth
2) It is + useless，nice，good，interesting，expensive等形容词+doing sth
.
与他争吵没有用。
Learning
It is no use / no good arguing with him.
② 动名词作表语
My idea is making a plan first．我的想法是先做一个计划出来。
动名词作表语时与现在进行时中的现在分词形式相同，但是两者
所属结构完全不一样，不能混淆。
试比较：
His job is calling the clients．
他的工作是给客户打电话。(calling是动名词，用作表语)
He is calling the clients．
他正在给客人打电话。(calling是现在分词，与is构成现在进行
时作谓语)
③ 动名词作宾语
动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语。
某些动词后只能加动名词，常见的此类动词有：admit，avoid，
consider，delay，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，include，
keep，miss，stop，suggest，give up 等
I can’t imagine ______ (在如
此短的时间内完成那项任务).
④动名词作定语
I would like to choose a house with .
我想选个带游泳池的房子。
a swimming pool
finishing the task in such a short time
注意：后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语的有：
1. forget to do sth 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做了某事
2. remember to do sth 记得要做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
3. regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事
regret doing sth 遗憾做过某事
当remember, forget, regret后面用动名词作宾语时, 表示动名词动作比这三个动词动作先发生; 用动词不定式作宾语时, 表示这三个动词动作先发生, 不定式动作后发生。
4. stop to do sth 停下来开始做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
5. go on to do sth 接着要做某事（另一事）
go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）
6. try to do sth 尽力做某事
try doing sth 尝试做某事
7. mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
8.sth need/want/require/deserve to be done
= sth need/want/require/deserve doing
某事需要/值得被做
动名词的复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构。
有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个形容词性物主代词或名词所有格即’s，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格。如：
It is no use your saying so. It is no use you saying so.
It is no use Tom’s saying so. It is no use Tom saying so.
注①：如果不是在句子的开头，这个结构常用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格，（换言之，如果放在句首，结构必须是物主代词或名词所有格。) 如：
I don’t like the idea of us / our not helping at all.
I don’t mind Jane buying another one.
注②：如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词，或不定代词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如：
The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door.
动名词的复合结构：物主代词/名词所有格+动名词
有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个形容词性物主代词或名词所有格即’s，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格。如：
It is no use your saying so. It is no use you saying so.
It is no use Tom’s saying so. It is no use Tom saying so.
PART 2 现在分词
1.作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前
分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系，这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法。
eg. a running boy
Do you know the girl .
你认识站在树底下那个小女孩吗？
【翻译】
住在这里的人 ;
带眼镜的那个男孩 .
Peter received a letter just now (say) his grandma would
come to see him soon.
standing under the tree？
the people living here
the boy wearing glasses
saying
注意：动名词作表语与现在分词作定语的区别：动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，它和名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系；而现在分词作定语，表示被修饰名词本身的动作、行为，它和名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。试比较：singing competition swimming poolthe people living here the boy wearing glasses 1)Toady there are more airplanes _________
more people than ever before in the skies.
A. carrying B. carry
C. carried D. to be carrying
2)The park was full of people ___________
themselves in the sunshine.
A.having enjoyed B. enjoyed
C. enjoying D.to enjoy
A
C
2.作表语
eg: The story is interesting.
The situation is really encouraging.
注意 ：表动作的现在分词不能作表语,例如
A boy is running.这不是主系表而是主谓（其中助动词is与现在分词running和起来作谓语），构成现在进行时
动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：
动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。
现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite, really等副词来修饰，如：
My job is looking after the children.
Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.
The situation is really encouraging.
This cake is very inviting.
The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.
3.作宾语补足语
只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补
1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find
listen to look at
2）使役动词：have get catch leave set
值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补，只能是用于这些词后，
但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面
可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）
Mary was heard (sing) the song when I passed
her home yesterday.
singing
4.作状语
作时间、 条件、 原因 、让步状语事要位于句首， 且与后面用逗号隔开， 能转换为一个相应的状语从句。
作结果、 方式、 伴随状语时要位于句尾 ，且与前面用逗号隔开， 有时也可以不用 。
注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）要与句中主语保持一致。
1）作时间状语
eg. Walking in the street, I saw him.当我在街上走时,我看到他了．
.
过马路时你再小心也不为过。
While crossing the road, you cannot be too careful.
4.作状语
注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）要与句子主语保持一致。
2）作条件状语
eg. Working hard, you will succeed.
3）作原因状语
eg. Being ill, she stayed at home.
注意 being是常用来作原因状语的
4）作让步状语
eg. Having failed many times, he didn't lost heart.
5）作结果状语
eg. His friend died, leaving him a lot of money,
6）作方式状语
eg. Please answer the question using another way.
7）作伴随状语
eg. He is standing there, singing.
The hospital has recently obtained new medical
equipment, (allow)more patients to be treated.
allowing
Exercise
1. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _______(look)
directly into his eyes.
2.We also have to consider the feeling of the person_______
(receive) the gift.
3. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use
__________(argue) with him.
4. It is difficult to imagine his __________(accept) the decision
without any consideration.
5. Don’t leave the water ________ (run) while you brush your teeth.
looking
receiving
arguing
accepting
running