牛津译林版八年级英语下册 语法汇总课件(共48张PPT)

(共48张PPT)
Unit1 Grammar
一. 现在完成时概念
（1）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，
常和副词already, yet, ever, never, just, before, recently
Eg: Li Lei has already finished his homework
I can’t find my book, who has taken it.
（2）表示从过去发生一直延续到现在的动作
(since, for，how long 引导的时间状语连用。)
I have lived in Beijing for three years.
We have been here since two years ago.
二. 现在完成时基本结构
1、基本构成：have / has + 动词的过去分词
2、基本句式为：肯定句：主语+have / has +过去分词+其他成分；
否定句：主语+haven’t / hasn’t+过去分词+其他成分
简略回答：Yes, 主语+have / has. No, 主语+haven’t / hasn’t.
三. 背诵过去分词表
P122-P123
现在完成时常用时间状语
just 肯定句 — “刚刚”
already 肯定句 — “已经”
yet 一般问句 — “已经”
否定句 — “还” （Not yet 还没有）
ever 一般问句 — “曾经”
never 否定句 — “从不”
recently 表示 “最近，近来”
since 表示 “自……以来”
before 泛指“以前”
次数 twice / many times
all one’s life/lives 某人一生（仍旧活着）
over/in/during the past/last…years在过去的…年中
so far / up to now/ till now 截止目前，到目前为止
动词填空
1. She __________(realize) the importance of English up to now.
2. Elsa ___________ (write) five letters since he ___________ (come) here.
3. She _________(teach) in our school for two years, but now she is an office worker.
4.__________he _________(study)at this school since two years ago
5. John________ (be)to the USA a few times.
6.We _______________ (not see)that film yet.
7.They __________(learn)1000 words so far.
8. How long _____you ______(stay) at home already
has realized
has written
came
Has
studied
has been
haven’t seen
have learnt
taught
have
stayed
Unit 2 Grammar
辨析have been to/ have been in/ have gone to
have/has been to: 指“曾经去过某地”强调已回；
have/has gone to: 指“去了某地”强调未回 ；
have/has been in: 指“在某地呆了多少时间”,
常与段时间连用。(+地点副词时, 不+介词)
现在完成时态 （1）
用have been to, have been in, have gone to 填空
(1). ---I haven’t seen Mike for ten days.
----He____________Tokyo.
(2). ---_____you ever_______London
---No, never.
(3). –How long ______you _________China —Over ten years.
(4). ---How many times______they________Tibet
---Twice,maybe.
(5). Where______you just________
(6) Professor Li___________this city since 11 years ago.
has gone to
Have been to
have been in
have been to
have been
has been in
(二）、现在完成时用法
1. 表达一个开始在过去(未知时间)一直持续到现在的有了一段时间的长动作或者存在的状态。
for+ 一段时间, since + 年/月/日/时刻, since + 一段时间 + ago, since + 过去时从句 , how long
for后面通常接________；
since后面可以接______________________
现在完成时态 （2）
段时间
过去的点时间；段时间+ago；
一般过去时的句子；
1. We have lived here ____ 1992.
2. How long have you studied here ___ 5 years .
3. The boy has had a bad cold _____ last night .
4. Mr. Huang has kept the books ______ a week ago .
5.I have taught in the school _____ I came here .
6.We have been friends _____ a long time .
Fill in the blanks with “for or since”
since
For
since
since
since
for
(三）“主句(现在完成时) + since + 从句(一般过去时)”
可以改写为下面的句型
1. It’s + “一段时间” + since + 从句(一般过去时)”
2. “一段时间” + has passed + since + 从句(一般过去时)”
eg:他去上海两个月了。
He has been in Shanghai for two months.。
=It is two months since he went to Shanghai.
(It has been two months since he went to Shanghai.)
=Two months has passed since he went to Shanghai.
现在完成时态 （3）
[现在完成时中] [现在完成时中]
短动作动词原形 (已经做过) (做了之后已有多久)
begin/start ——
leave —————
marry ————
finish/stop ——
die ——————
borrow ————
come/go/arrive —
join ————— ①
②
buy —————
have begun/started
have been on
have left
have been away
have married
have been married
have finished/stopped
have been over
have died
have been dead
have borrowed
have kept
have come/gone/arrived
have been (in/at)
have joined
have been a …member
have been in…
have bought
have had
记忆
三、瞬间动作转换成延续性动作
become ————
put on ————
catch a cold ——
open ————
go out ————
get to know ——
close ————
get up ————
fall asleep ———
get married ——
have become ———
have been
have put on ———
have worn
have caught a cold —
have had a cold
have opened ———
have been open
have gone out ———
have been out
have got to know —
have known
have closed ———
have been closed
have got up ———
have been up
have fallen asleep —
have been asleep
have got married —
have been married
[现在完成时中] [现在完成时中]
短动作动词原形 (已经做过) (做了之后已有多久)
记忆
( ) 1. —Have you ______ thought of helping the sick people at the health centre
—Yes. I joined the Helping Hands Club last month. I've ______ felt happier.
A. ever; just B. just; ever C. ever; never D. just; never
( ) 2. My mother______ the Yellow Mountain many times.
A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to D. went to
( ) 3. —He______ his hometown in the year 2000.
—You mean he ______ his hometown for 20 years
A. leaves; has left B. left; has come to
C. left; has left D. left; has been away from
C
A
D
( ) 7. —Li Hong, is your mother at home
—No. She ______ Yangzhou for a meeting for two days.
A. has been in B. has gone to
C. has been to D. has reached
( ) 8. —The great man comes back to the small village to look for an old lady who once helped him.
—Sadly, she ______ for years.
A. have died B. has been dead
C. have been dead D. has died
A
B
Unit3
Grammar
现在完成时（二）：一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
§侧重点不同：
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成(不一定结束)的动作或状态，强调造成的结果对现在产生的影响。
*Kevin was a doctor 2 years ago.(两年前是医生，和现在无关)
*Kevin has been a doctor for 2 years. (从两年前到现在一直是医生)
(1)He _______me his name, but I can’t remember it now.
A. tells B. told C. will tell D. is telling
(2)I __________an invitation to the concert. I can’t wait to go.
A. receive B. will receive C. was receiving D. have received
(3)---The new shirt looks good on you. When did you buy it
---On July 7th. I _________it for a week.
A. bought B. have bought C. have had D. buy
B
D
C
§连用的时间状语不同：
一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never, recently等副词和many times, so far, since…for…表示一段时间的状语或非具体时间的时间状语连用。
(1)Our school life _______a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.
changes B. changed C. will change D. have changed
(2)The debate on whether to keep pets _______ forty minutes yesterday afternoon.
A. last B. lasted C. will last D. have lasted
D
B
【练一练】
( )1.---Are you going anywhere
---I ______ about visiting my sister, but I have changed my mind.
A. think B. have thought C. will think D. thought
( )2---Have you finished using my dictionary
---Yes, I put it back on your desk just now. Who ___ it away
A. will take B. is taking C. took D. has taken
( )3.---Mr. Lee is really good at playing computer games.
---Yes. He___ for a computer company until he got a new job here.
A. has worked B. worked C. is working D. will work
( )4.---You don’t look well, Dick! You’d better see your doctor.
---I______, but he said there was nothing wrong.
A. will B. would C. have D. had
( )5.---My father lived in the countryside when he was a child.
---How long ______ he ______there
Has; lived B. does; live C. had; lived D. did; live
D
D
B
C
D
Unit4 Grammar
1、疑问词+动词不定式
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以①在句中作主语，宾语，表语等；疑问词②包括疑问代词what, which, who和疑问副词how, when, where等。“疑问词+动词不定式”③常放在tell, show, teach, learn, know, wonder, discuss, remember, forget, find out等动词或动词短语之后作宾语。
I’m going on a trip, but I haven’t decided ___________（去哪里）. Could you please tell me _____________________(买哪一个相机）
---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me ________________(如何解答它吗)
---Sure.
Grammar
where to go
which camera to buy
how to work it out
句子翻译
The young woman doesn’t know what to do.
那位年轻女子不知道怎么办。
I don’t know what to say.
我不知道说什么。
We must understand how to start the website.
我们必须理解如何开始这个网站。
We want to learn how to write plays.
我们想要学习如何写剧本。
Fill in the blanks.
1. Some dogs just don’t know how ________ (have) fun.
2. I’m thinking about what ________ (wear).
3. I was just wondering how _________ (spend) the morning .
4. I did not know what _______ (say) either.
5. “I must run away from them,” I
thought, but I did not know how _______
(get) away.
to have
to wear
to spend
to say
to get
2. must / have to的用法
*must 表示______的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思是“必须，得，要”。mustn’t 表示______，意思“不能，不许”。
You must finish your homework today.
You must not smoke here.
主观
禁止
*have to表示一种______的需要，意思是“不得不”。have to有人称和数的变化。
It is getting dark. He _____(不得不) go home now. Mum is out, so I______(不得不) look after the shop.
它的否定形式：do not have to.
They________________ (不必)a computer at the moment.
注意：must还可以表示肯定猜测，意思是“一定” 。
You must be hungry after all the walking.
客观
do not have to buy
has to
have to
练一练
( )1. We ___ pay to get into the concert. It’s free.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. might not D. don’t have to
( )2. ---Whose is the dictionary
---It _______ be Alice’s. Look at her name on the cover.
A. must B. can C. may D. could
D
A
3. — Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green
— Yes, I'm afraid we ______. That's the traffic rule.
A. can B. may
C. have to D. need
4. Students in our school ______ know shouting is not allowed in the library.
A. can B. may
C. must D. need
( )5. ---The manager says that there’s no hot water after 8:00 tonight.
---You mean we _______ go to bed without a shower. How terrible!
A. can B. have to
C. may D. could
( )6. --Some people don't show their talents at the very beginning.
--I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven.
A. can't B. mustn't
C. couldn't D. needn't
B
C
7. With their new lock, you ____________ search for keys in your bag any more. Isn't it cool
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
8. --Didn’t you see the zebra crossing You __________ slow down, son!
--Sorry, sir. Am I going to fail the test
A. can’t B. can C. mustn’t D. must
9. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance,you ________ keep moving.
A. can B. must C. can’t D. mustn’t
10. --We’ve got everything ready for the picnic.
--Do you mean I _____________ bring anything with me
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’tD. needn’t
A
D
B
D
11.--I think we need to sit down and have a talk.
--I________agree more. Let's take the bench over there.
A. could B. couldn't C. should D. shouldn't
12 . He_____like coffee. I see him drink a cup at times.
A. must B. may C. can't D. mustn't
13. -- _______I keep the book for a week
--Sorry, I'm afraid you __________.
A. Need；couldn’t B. Need；can’t
C. May；couldn’t D. May；can’t
B
B
D
…enough (for sb.) to do
V.S.
too… (for sb.) to do
Unit5 Grammar
( )1. My cousin Bob is ________ to plan the charity show well.
carefully enough B. enough careful
C. enough carefully D. careful enough
( )2. My cousin Bob plans the charity show ________ in order not to make mistakes.
carefully enough B. enough careful
C. enough carefully D. careful enough
( )3. I am________ busy ________ go shopping with you.
so; that　 B. too; to　C. enough; to　D. very; to
( )4. I am____ busy ______my homework to go shopping with you.
too; to do　 B. too; doing　C. enough; to do　
综合篇
D
A
B
B
( )5. The Maths problem is ________ difficult ________ few students can work it out.
too; for B. enough; that　C. too; to　D. so; that
( )6. The Maths problem is ________ difficult for most students ________ work out.
too; for B. enough; that　C. too; to　D. so; that
( )7.— Would you like to go shopping with me
— I’m afraid I’m ________tired _________go.
A.too; to B. so; that C.very; that D .enough; to
( )8. The tent is _____ for a family of three .
A. big enough; to live
B. enough big; to live in it
C. big enough; to live in
D. enough big; live in
D
C
A
C
Unit6 Grammar
It is + adj (for… / of…) + to do 句型
句型 含义 举例 说明
It is + adj. + to do something 做某事是……的 It is interesting to go fishing. 钓鱼真有趣。 该句型中的形容词表示不定式所具备的特征或客观情况。如：cheap, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, exciting, expensive, important, interesting, necessary, wonderful.
It is + adj. + for somebody + to do something 对某人来说做某事是……的 It is necessary for me to help him.对我来说帮助他是必须的。 基本同“It is + adj. + to do something”句型，for引出逻辑主语。
It is + adj. + of somebody + to do something 某人做某事真是/太……了 It is clever of him to solve the problem. 他真聪明，解决了这个难道。 该句型中的形容词描述的是人的特征、品质、对错等。如：brave, careless, clever, foolish, generous, good, helpful, honest, kind, nice, polite, silly, stupid, wrong, right.
(1) It’s impossible ______ him to finish the work in such a short time.
(2) It’s selfish ______ her to eat up the whole cake.
(3) It’s brave _______ the little boy to rush into the fire.
(4) It’s important _______ us to learn English well.
(5) It’s kind ______ you to bring me the newspaper.
for
of
of
for
of
单项选择
( ) 1. He met her_______ and greeted her politely.
A. by chance B. on chance C. for chance D. in chance
( ) 2. As a new student, he didn’t know ______ in his new school.
A. how to expect B. when to expect
C. what to expect D. where to expect
( ) 3. The colour of the shoes is similar to ____ of mine. Why not________
A. it; try it on B. one ; try them on
C. that; try them on D. this; try on it
( ) 4. --It’s really a waste of time to play phone games.
--Exactly! As a teenager, we have more _________ things to do.
A. careful B. successful C. meaningful D. peaceful
( )5. It’s silly ____ you _______ others’ homework.
A. of; copy B. for; copy C. of; to copy D. for; to copy
A
C
C
C
C
Unit 7 Grammar
被动语态基本用法：
一般现在时的被动语态
基本结构: be(am, is, are) + P.P.
一般过去时的被动语态
基本结构: be(was, were) + P.P.
有情态动词时 can/may/must/should…+be +P.P.
使用注意点：
1.动词短语中的不及物动词后的介词（或副词）不能省略。如:laugh at, take care of, speak to, operate on, look down on… She takes good care of her baby. 改被动：___________________________________________We must speak to elderly people politely. 改被动：___________________________________________
2.不及物动词或动词组没有被动语态。如:
die, happen, take place, come out, break out, break down, run out, appear, last, succeed, die,come true
3. 感官系动词feel/look/sound/smell/taste+adj. 无被动语态。
裙子摸起来很柔软 The dress__________________________.
这道菜藏起来美味 The dish ___________________________.
Her baby is taken good care of by her.
Elderly people must be spoken to politely by us.
feels soft
tastes delicious
4. 实义动词+副词, 表食物属性, 主动表示被动。
如：sell well, grow well, write smoothly, wash well
5.可接双宾语的动词如buy, give, show等有两种被动语态变化形式 (注意to/for不同搭配)。 Some books were given _______Jason.
On Jim’s birthday, a new football was bought ______ him.
6.主动语态中不定式作宾补省略to的,在被动语态中必须加上to.
如：make, hear, watch, see, notice, find
In old days, people were made _________(work) for a very long time.
7. It is said/is reported/is believed/is known that….
据说/报道/据信/众所周知...
to
for
to work
[试一试]
1. He was often seen __________(stand) in the balcony, looking out at the sea.
2. Many reserves ______________ (build) in China last year.
3. My homework needs _____________/_____________ (check) every day.
4. ______ the windows of their classroom __________ (clean) twice a month
5. Wenchuan __________(hit) by a terrible earthquake on May 12,2008.
to stand
were built
checking to be checked
Are
cleaned
was hit
II. 单项选择
( ) 1. The basketball match was fantastic, _______when Jeremy Lin scored in the last second.
A. probably B. especially C. exactly D. specially
( ) 2. --Tom, I looked for you everywhere at the party last night.
--Oh, I _____ to the party.
A. am invited B. was invited C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited
( ) 3. The students in this school are made _______ school uniforms on Monday.
A. to wear B. wearing C. wear D. worn
( ) 4. The way _______ very strange, but it ________ well.
A. sounds; works B. is sounded; works
C. sounds; is worked D. is sounded; is worked
B
D
A
A
( ) 5. Tom ___ by his classmates because he made a careless mistake.
A. laughed at B. was laughed at
C. laughed D. was laughed
( ) 6. The Olympic _____________ every four years.
A. are taken place B. are happened C. hold D. are held
( ) 7. It is true that knowledge __________ rather than being taught.
A. learns B. learned C. is learned D. was learned
( ) 8. I am sorry the coats __________ yesterday. They _________.
A. sold out, sold well B. sold out; were sold well
C. were sold out, were sold well D. were sold out; sold well
B
D
C
D
Unit 8 Grammar
一般将来时的被动语态:
My mum will give me a new watch.(改成被动语态)
I will_______________________________.
I am________________________________.
A new watch______________________________.
A new watch______________________________.
be given a new watch by my mum
going to be given a new watch by my mum.
will be given to me by my mum.
is going to be given to me by my mum.
1. A Disneyland Park (迪斯尼乐园) ___ in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future. (上海市)
A. builds B. has built
C. will build D. will be built
2. Neijiang gonermment is building new factory. I hope it _____ at the end of this year.
(四川省内江市)
A. will be finished B. finishes
C. will finish D. is finished
实战中考
3. —It’s said that an airport _____ in Yangzhou.
—It’s true. That’s what we are getting excited about these days.
(江苏省扬州市)
A. builds B. will build
C. is building D. will be built
4. Tomorrow there’s a programme about
our school on TV. Then it _________ by
millions of people. 　　 (辽宁沈阳)
A. will see B. saw
C. will be seen D. was seen
5. A cat ________ (keep) in my grandmother’s house.
6. The concert ____________ (hold) last Friday evening.
7. Jane was made ___________ (work) ten hours a day.
8. A new hospital ____________________(build) in our city next year.
9. More than 50 trees ________________ (plant) since last month.
根据句意及括号内所给动词的提示填空。
is kept
was held
to work
will/is going to be built
have been planted