Module1 How to learn English 复习讲义2024-2025学年外研版英语八年级上册

MODULE 1 How to learn English
序号 英文 词性和释文 拓展
1 pair n.（相关的）两个人，一对 a pair of（作单数） two pair of（作复数）
2 correct v.改正，纠正 adj.正确的，对的
3 spelling n.拼写 v. spell 拼写
4 word n.词，单词，字
5 practise v.练习 n. practice practise doing sth.练习做某事 eg；I practise playing basketball every day.
6 match v.找到与……相配之物，使相配，使成对 n.比赛，火柴 win the match赢得比赛
7 meaning n.意思，意义 the meaning of ……的意义/意思
8 complete v.把……填完整，使完全 complete the sentence完成句子
9 sentence n.句子
10 dictionary n.字典，词典 复数：dictionaries
11 grammar n.语法
12 letter n.字母，信
13 look up 查找 拓展： look up向上看，查找 look down向下看，瞧不起 look at看 look for寻找 look after照顾 look out小心，向外看 look through浏览 look over检查 look forward to期待
14 mistake n.错误，过错
15 make a mistake 犯错误 make mistakes
16 understand v.理解，明白 过去时：understood
17 advice n.建议，意见 不可数名词 a piece of advice一则建议 v. advise advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
18 should v.aux.应该 情态动词+动词原形 Eg:I should exercise more.
19 possible adj.可能的 as…as possible / sb. can Eg:You should finish your homework as soon as possible / you can.
20 write down 写下，记下
21 notebook n.笔记本
22 forget v.忘，忘记 过去时：forgot forget / remember to do sth. 忘记/记住去做某事（未做） forget / remember doing sth. 忘记/记住做过某事（已做）
23 pronounce v.发……的音
24 aloud adv.大声地，出声地 read it aloud
25 radio n.电台，广播，收音机。录音机
26 pronunciation n.发音
27 key adj.关键性的，非常重要的 关键点，要点key points n.钥匙
28 main adj.主要的，最大的
29 excellent adj.极好的，优秀的
30 agree v.赞同 agree with sb.同意某人 agree on sth.同意某事 agree to do sth.同意去做某事
31 agree with sb. 同意某人
32 vocabulary n.词汇，词汇量
33 ask for 请求（给予） 寻求某人帮助 ask sb. for help
34 improve v.改善，改进，提高
35 basic adj.基础的，主要的
36 time n.次，回，时间 three times a week一周三次
37 advise v.建议，忠告，向……提出意见 n. advice
38 shy adj.害羞的，腼腆的 n. shyness
39 conversation n.谈话，交谈 have a conversation with sb. 与某人交谈 v. converse
40 quickly adv.快地，迅速地
41 natural adj.合理的，合乎情理的
42 suggest v.建议，提议
43 place v.放置 n.地方
Key points
1、welcome 欢迎，常用于对刚刚到达的人表示欢迎。
固定用法：welcome to + 地点名词 欢迎来到……
welcome + 地点副词（here、there、home、back）
eg：Welcome to our country!
Welcome home!
2、talk v.讨论，谈论 n.讨论
①talk with sb.与某人交谈
I am talking with my friends in the classroom.
②talk about sth.讨论某事
We are going to talk about good ways to learn English.
③have a talk with sb.
I am having a talk with my friends in the classroom.
3、Let’s try to speak English as much as possible.
①Let’s让我们，后跟动词原形，构成祈使句，其否定句在let’s和动词之间加not.
以Let’s开头的祈使句中，’s指us.
Let’s have some bread and milk for breakfast.
Let’s not play computer games any more.
②try to do sth.努力、尽力做某事，否定形式try not to do sth.
Mike tries to study hard.
Try not to be late for school again.
拓展：
try doing sth.尝试做某事、试着做某事
You can try doing it in another way.
try on试穿、try out试验、测试
You can try on the new coat.
Can I try it on
You had better try out the machine before buying it.
try one’s best to do sth. = do one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事
He tries his best to help us.
4、Why not + 动词原形？（why not do sth. ）为什么不做某事？，表建议。
Why not write down the mistakes in our notebooks
5、forget v.忘记 forget-forgot-forgotten
She forgot her mother’s telephone number.
I can’t forget what happened to me.
辨析：
forget to do sth. forget doing sth.
忘记去做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做）
remember to do sth. remember doing sth.
记得去做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做）
Someone forgot to turn off the light when he left the classroom.
I forgot borrowing money from him.
6、else adv.其他的，别的
常用于疑问代词（what、who…）疑问副词（when、where…）以及不定代词（something、somebody、nobody…）之后
Eg：Who else do you know here
Do you have anything else to say
辨析：else、other：
else 副词，意为“别的，其他的”，位于疑问代词、疑问副词、不定代词之后。
other 形容词，意为“另外的，其他的”，只用来修饰名词，并且要放在名词之前。
Where else did you go in London
What other things did you do
We study Chinese, math, English and some other subjects in school. What else do you learn in your school
7、agree v.同意，赞成 agreement n.协定，协议书，意见一致
①agree with sb. 同意某人，表示“同意、赞成某人的看法、观点”
Do you agree with me
She always agrees with her husband.
②agree on sth. 同意某事，表示“就……达成一致意见”，宾语只能是表示某件事、计划等名词。
We don’t agree on everything, of course.
③agree to do sth. 同意做某事
He agreed to let me go home early.
8、Many students ask for advice about how to improve their English.
①ask for 请求（给予），其后接名词或者代词作宾语。
ask for advice征询建议
ask sb. for advice向某人征询建议
eg: Jack is asking for a job in the big city.
ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物
ask sb. for help向某人寻求帮助
eg: He asks the teacher for help.
ask sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事
eg：He asks me to open the window.
②how to improve “特殊疑问词+动词不定式（to do）”
Eg: Here is some advice on how to ask for help.
I don’t know what to do.
③improve 动词，意为“改善、改进、提高、使更好”，相当于make…better，故improve后不能再与better连用。improve即可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词。
Eg：I’ll study hard to improve my English.
After two day’s rest, his health is improving.
improvement 名词
9、动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Eg：Learning a new language is very fun.
Watching films and listening to songs are great ways to learn English.
[拓展]动名词短语在句子中还可以作表语、宾语等。
Eg：The nurse’s job is looking after the patients.
Tony likes playing basketball a lot.
10、Each time you will learn something new.
①each time 意为“每次，每当”，也可换用为every time. 其中time在这里是可数名词，意为“回，次数”，相关短语：next time下次、several time几次、last time上次。
Eg：I tried my best three time, but each time I failed.
②something表示“某物、某动词”，因为意义不确定，所以英语中把这类代词叫作不定代词。不定代词包括something、somebody、someone、anything、anyone、nobody、no one、everything等。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和表语，但不能作定语。
不定代词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Everything is ready, isn’t it？
形容词作定语修饰不定代词时，要把形容词或其他作定语的词放在不定代词的后面。
There is nothing wrong with the radio.
I have something important to tell you.
11、I am shy and I am afraid to speak to her.
①afraid
be afraid to do sth. “害怕做某事”，表示按照以往的经验或常识觉得做某事有危险而不敢去。 The little girl was afraid to ask for help.
be afraid of sb./sth. “害怕某人或某物” She is afraid of snakes.
be afraid of doing sth. “担心某事发生”，指内心带有某种程度的恐惧感，非常不愿意某事发生。 He is afraid of waking up late.
②辨析：speak、say、talk、tell.
speak “说、讲话”，一般用作不及物动词，用作及物动词时，后接某种语言。 speak to sb.与某人说话/打电话给某人 speak at the meeting在会议上发言 speak+语言（speak English说英语） Can you speak Japanese She is speaking to her teacher. He spoke at the meeting yesterday.
say 强调说话的内容。 say to sb.对某人说（say hello to sb.） He can say his name. Please say it in English.
talk “说话、交谈”，强调两者之间互相连续不断地谈话。 talk to/with sb.和某人交谈 talk about sth.谈论某事 She is talking with Lucy in English. What are you talking about The teacher is talking to him.
tell “讲述、告诉”，tell a story讲故事 tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人某事 接双宾语：tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事 He is telling the children a story. Did you tell her the news =Did you tell the news to her
12、suggest 动词,“建议、提议”。
（1）suggestion名词（可数名词）
Can you give me any suggestions on this matter
（2）suggest doing sth.建议做某事、suggest sth.提议某事
注意：suggest后面不能接双宾语，故不能用suggest sb. sth.，没有suggest sb. to do sth.这种说法。
He suggests going out to have a lunch.
She wrote to me and suggested a meeting.
suggest后接宾语从句，省略了引导词that。从句中的谓语要用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。suggest+(that) sb. (should) do sth.
I suggest (that) you (should) phone before you go there.
13、辨析：sometimes、sometime、some time、some times
sometimes 频率副词，“有时、偶尔” Sometimes I watch TV with my parents. —How often do you write to your father —Sometimes.
sometime 副词，“在某时、在某一时候（过去或将来）” They built their house sometime in 1990. I hope to see you again sometime next year.
some time “一些时间、一段时间” She will stay in Beijing for some time. —How long will you be away from us —Some time, for about a month.
some times “几次、几倍” I went to Beijing some times. —How many times do you watch TV every week —Some times.
Grammar
提建议的句型及其常见答语
Why not + 动词原形？ 为什么不……呢？ Why not start early
Why don’t you + 动词原形？ 你（们）为什么不……呢？ Why don’t you watch the match on TV
How/What about + 动词-ing形式？ ……怎么样？ How/What about joining the swimming club
It’s a good idea to do sth. 做某事是个好主意。 It’s a good idea to start an English club in our school.
Try (not) to do sth. 尽量（不要）做某事。 Try not to translate every word when you are reading.
Let’s + 动词原形 咱们……吧 Let’s go out to take a walk.
You should/shouldn’t + 动词原形 你（们）应该/不应该…… You should look up the word in your dictionary.
Shall we + 动词原形 我们……好吗？ Shall we go to the zoo
You had better (not) + 动词原形 你（们）最好（不）要 You’d better ask Mr Zhang for advice.
一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时
时态 构成 用法 时间状语
一般现在时 be动词型： 肯定句：主语+am/is/are+其他 否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+其他 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+其他？ 实义动词型： 肯定句：主语+动词原形/动词三单+其他 否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他？ 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用； 描述现在的状态、能力、性格等； 表示客观真理、客观存在、科学事实和格言、警句。 表示按时间表拟定或安排好，到时间就发生的动作。 often、usually、always、never、sometimes、every day、once a week、seldom、in the morning、on Sundays……
一般过去时 be动词型： 肯定句：主语+was/were+其他 否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？ 实义动词型： 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 yesterday、once、last night、just now、a moment ago、in the past、two years ago、in 2008、last year……
一般将来时 肯定句：主语+will/be going to+动词原形+其他 否定句：主语+will not/be not going to+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+其他？ Am/Is/Are+主语+going to+动词原形+其他？ 表示在将来某个时间或某段时间里将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 tomorrow、the day after tomorrow、soon、next Sunday、next week/month/year、in 2044、in the future、in a week/month/year、some day……
现在进行时 肯定句：主语+am/is/are doing+其他 否定句：主语+am/is/are + not doing+其他 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+doing+其他？ 表示目前或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作； 现在进行时还可以表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态，常与this week/month、these days等时间状语连用； now、at the moment、these days、this week、look、listen……