2025高考英语二轮复习 易混易错专项复习（1）阅读理解 导学案（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2025高考英语二轮复习 易混易错专项复习（1）阅读理解 导学案（含解析） |  | |
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（1）阅读理解—2025高考英语一轮复习易混易错专项复习
一、细节理解题
细节理解题通常针对文章中叙述的人物、事物、现象或理论等进行提问，题目难度不大，题干中一般会出现表述较为具体的关键词，考生在审题后可快速锁定关键词并在文章中寻找相应的细节描述。
有时候，虽然题干中提供了关键词，但通过题目的提问方式我们会发现，简单地回文搜索关键词已不能满足做题需求。这时，通过审题来帮助我们提前决定解题方式就很有必要了。
1. 直接细节题
此类试题是对原文直接信息的考查，考生理解字面意思答题。在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问。此类试题选项多采用原文中的信息直接进行考查，不需要考生进行推断。做题时，考生可以在文章中找到与答案有关的直接信息。此类试题一般不会涉及全文的主旨，考生只要把选项内容与原文内容认真对比即可确定答案。广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等类别的文章，常涉及直接细节题。
2. 间接细节题
需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理才能得出答案此类试题介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间。四个选项不出现原文中的直接信息，考生需借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行变换，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别。
二、推理判断题
推理判断题是历年高考英语的命题集中点，包括判断和推理两个方面，属于深层理解题，一般难度较高，得分率较低，其比例占30%~40%。从历年的高考阅读理解题来看，推理判断题一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图题、观点态度题和篇章结构题。预计高考阅读理解题中的推理判断题仍将是考查的重点，应引起考生的重视。
1. 细节推断题
细节推断题考查的内容虽属于原文的细节，但要求考生在原文基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于已知推断未知。解题原则是“忠于原文，只推一步”。考生解答细节推断题时，首先要定位信息，通过寻读，找到相关信息点；然后进行字面理解，弄懂相关信息点的字面意思；再进行信息整合，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由具体推抽象，由抽象推具体。然后做出符逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但是考生可在文章中寻找并确定推断的依据，推断出隐藏的深层含义，要做到判断有据、推断有理。
2. 观点态度推断题
文章中作者对某人或某事的观点态度、文章中涉及的人或组织机构的观点态度是常考内容。在记叙文中，作者往往不直接提出观点，考生在阅读文章时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语，从而推断出作者或文中人物的言外之意。
3. 意图目的推断题
意图目的推理判断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章陈述的事实，使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意，同时要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。当然，有时候也会考查考生推断开展某项活动的目的意图，要通过对事件的起因和事件发起人的愿望推断出目的和意图来。
4. 文章出处或读者对象推断题
推断文章出处和读者对象的题目，首先要从文章的体裁和内容着手，弄清文章的中心话题，然后根据话题，确定文章来源和读者对象。如：新闻、广告应出现在报纸、网络上；科普类文章应出现在科学杂志上或报纸的科学版块上；对子女的教育话题的读者对象应该是父母。
5. 下文内容或事件发展结果推断题
此类题目要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局和下段可能涉及的内容进行预测。解这类题目时，考生应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构，根据文章最后一段的描述做出合情合理的预测。
三、主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查考生对全文的内容或某一段的内容加以合理地归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括能力。该类题目是高考中的难点之一，也是区分度较大的题目。主要考查：选择最佳标题；概括文章的中心思想；理解段落大意等。
此类题正确选项的特点：通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词；能概括文章（或段落）的全部内容。干扰项的特点：以偏概全；选项过于笼统；选项内容是命题者杜撰的；选项与主题无关。因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题时，考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什么位置都永远把主旨大意题作为最后一道题来做。在做完另外几道题后，无疑会有助于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。
四、词义猜测题
1. 依据定义推测词义
在许多情况下，文章的作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉，则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分，读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有that，which，is等。
2. 依据同位语推测词义
通常引出该词同位语的词或短语有or，that is，in other words等，还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
3. 依据文章中的举例推测词义
在阅读理解中，考生可以根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，推断出该生词的意思。
4. 依据对比关系或比较关系的词语推测词义
当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时，往往会运用对比的手法，即运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，也可以暗示出生词的含义。能体现对比关系或比较关系的词汇很多，主要有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead，like，similarly，on the contrary，In contrast to等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
5. 依据构词法推测词义
分析复合词：如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的复合词，可以从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上下文推测出该词的意思。考生同时要了解构词法知识。
6. 依据上下文语境，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词推测词义
7. 依据因果关系推测词义
因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表示因果关系的词汇有 since，as，because，for，so，thus，consequently，therefore，hence，due to，result in，result from，as a result，for this reason，accordingly，so that，so...that，such…that等。
8. 利用上下文来推测词义
Family-Friendly Events in January
ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19
The Phoenix Zoo's yearly holiday light show is on until Jan. 19, allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the city's zoo, with millions of lights giving an added dimension to the festivities.
Glow Wild, 455 N. Galvin Pkwy., Phoenix, phoenixzoo.org, $11.95 members, $13.95 general admission.
Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4-18
The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists, including those who create woodwork, metal crafts, food items, art, photography and gifts.
On Macdonald, off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa, , free admission.
Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4
OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in. This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides, games, snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers, with food and other offerings for sale at the event.
9500 E. Via de Ventura, Scottsdale, , free.
Youth Fine Arts Course Jan. 18-Mar. 7
Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all.
Mesa Art Center, 1 E. Main St., Mesa, , $93.
1.How can you get a discounted ticket to the ZooLights show
A. Bring a friend. B. Get a membership.
C. Join a tour group. D. Book a ticket online.
2.What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest
A. Have free food. B. Enjoy real snow.
C. Take art classes. D. Meet local artists.
3.Which event lasts the longest
A. ZooLights: Glow Wild. B. Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts.
C. Family Fun Winterfest. D. Youth Fine Arts Courses.
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
4.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John's research plans. B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare John's different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John's invention.
7.What is the basis for John's work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
A British woman who won a $1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution(变革). "We are going to make a change," she said. "I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort—whether an up and coming local musician or a major movie star into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. "I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up," she said. "We need artists more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: "Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. "It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries."
8.What will Zafirakou do with her prize money
A.Make a movie. B.Build new schools.
C.Run a project. D.Help local musicians.
9.What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
A.It is particularly difficult. B.It increases artists' income.
C.It opens children's mind. D.It deserves greater attention.
10.What should be stressed in school education according to Schama
A.Moral principles. B.Interpersonal skills.
C.Creative abilities. D.Positive worldviews.
11.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Bring Artists to Schools B.When Historians Meet Artists
C.Arts Education in Britain D.The World's Best Arts Teacher
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
12.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A.By teaming up with other photographers.
B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C.By studying the geographical conditions.
D.By creating settings in the corn fields.
13.What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A.Proper time management. B.Good shooting techniques.
C.Adventurous spirit. D.Distinctive styles.
14.What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
15.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake
A.Amusing. B.Satisfying. C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.
You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse", a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic", Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
16.What are Von Wong's artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
17.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
18.What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers in paragraph 4
A. Calming. B. Shocking C. Refreshing D. Challenging.
19.What does the text mainly talk about
A. Artists' opinions on Plastic safety.
B. Media Interest in contemporary art.
C. Responsibility demanded of big companies.
D. Ocean plastics transformed into sculptures.
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别) are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world."
20.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
21.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
22.Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions.
23.What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush(灌木丛) in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层) of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain—your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity(湿气) of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
24.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph
A.They produce oxygen. B.They cover a vast area.
C.They are well managed. D.They are rich in wildlife.
25.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests
A.Heavy rains B.Big trees. C.Small plants. D.Forest animals.
26.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other
A.For more sunlight. B.For more growing space.
C.For self-protection. D.For the detection of insects.
27.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Life-Giving Rainforests B.The Law of the Jungle
C.Animals in the Amazon D.Weather in Rainforests
U.S. teens spend more than eight hours a day on screen, and there's growing concern over how social media may affect their mental health. Now, a new study has found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens feel better about their body image and their appearance.
The study arose from the personal experience of Helen Thai, a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University. "What I noticed when I was engaging in social media was that I couldn't help but compare myself," Thai says. She was well aware that social media posts often feature polished, airbrushed or filtered images that can alter appearances in an unrealistic way, but it still affected her negatively.
So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether cutting time on social media platforms including Instagram, TikTok and Snapchat would improve the body image. They recruited a few hundred volunteers, all of whom had experienced symptoms of anxiety or depression, which could make them vulnerable to the effects of social media. Half of the participants were asked to reduce their screen time to 60 minutes a day for three weeks while the other half continued to use social media with no restrictions, which averaged about three hours per day.
The researchers gave the participants surveys at the beginning and end of the study, which included statements such as "I'm pretty happy about the way I look." and "I am satisfied with my weight." Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5 -point scale. This may seem like a small change, but any shift in such a short period of time is striking, the authors say.
"The study is encouraging, but it only included people who had symptoms of anxiety or depression. It's worth evaluating this approach with other groups, such as people with or at risk of eating disorders. It's also possible that the benefits of cutting back could extend more broadly to anyone in this age group," says Psychologist Andrea Graham, co-director of the Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies at Northwestern University.
28.What problem may social media bring to teenagers according to Thai
A. They may become addicted to the Internet.
B. They tend to become sensitive to others' comments.
C. They may have unrealistic expectations of their image.
D. They tend to compare themselves with the images posted online.
29.What can we learn about the participants during the study
A. They scored their appearance twice.
B. Half of them stopped using social media.
C. They hoped to improve their body image.
D. Most of them showed dissatisfaction with their weight.
30.What did Graham think of the study
A. It was a good try but had limitations.
B. It was well designed but poorly conducted.
C. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
D. It was encouraging but the evidence was unreliable.
31.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Social Media Changes Teenagers
B. How to Help Teenagers Limit Screen time
C. Shorter Screen Time, Better Feelings on Look
D. Less Anxiety, Better Image
答案以及解析
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据小标题ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19下的段落$11.95 members, $13.95 general admission.(会员价11.95美元,普通门票价13.95美元)可知,要买到ZooLights show的折扣票,需成为会员。故选B。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据小标题Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4下的段落OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in.(位于沙漠的OdySea Aquarium正在其Desert Courtyard举办第三届年度家庭趣味冬季活动,以真正的雪为特色,供孩子们玩耍)可知,在Family Fun Winterfest可以享受真正的雪。故选B。
3.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据每段的小标题"ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19(ZooLights: Glow Wild,1月1日到19日) , Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4-18 (Downtown Mesa Festival of theArts,1月4日到18日),Family Fun WinterfestJan.4(Family Fun Winterfest,1月4日)和Youth Fine Arts Course Jan.18–Mar.7 (Youth Fine Arts Course,1月18日到3月7日)可知,四个活动中,持续最长的是Youth Fine Arts Course。故选D。
4.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的explore、started to wonder 和第二段中的studying、went back to observing、asking questions 可以推断出, 约翰·托德自孩童时代就喜欢探究和质疑。故选C。inquiring 意为"爱探索的,好奇的"。故选C。
5.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。本题问的是John 把污泥放进水箱的目的。根据第二段最后一句可知, John 决定建造一个生态箱(eco-machine)。第三段主要讲述了John 的实验过程(把污泥放进水箱里并观察)。第四段描述实验结果—这个生态箱里的动植物把污泥当成食物吃了。由此可推断出, John 把污泥放进水箱的目的是测试他研制的生态箱。故选D。
6.答案：B
解析：推理判断题,考查写作目的。根据题干关键词Fuzhou 可定位到第五段。根据"John has taken on many big jobs" 可知, John 已经承担了很多大型工作。紧接着通过他的发明应用于南伯灵顿和福州的例子来说明他的想法在实践中的应用(application)。故选B。
7.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair"可知John 的研究依据是自然可以进行自我修复。故选A。
8.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. "We are going to make a change," she said. "I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."(伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou表示,她想掀起场课堂革命。我们将做出改变,她说。"我已经启动了一个项目,以促进我们学校的艺术教学。")可知, Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
9.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段"The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort—whether an up and coming local musician or a major movie star into schools to work with and inspire children.(许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星—进入学校,与孩子们一起工作并激励他们,因此才有了这个项目。)"可知, Craig Martin认为,英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
10.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.(这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力,而创造力取决于年轻人。)"可知, Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
11.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第二段"Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher," said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. "We are going to make a change she said." I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."(伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚扎菲拉库Andria Zafirakou表示,她想掀起一场课堂革命。我们将做出改变,她说。"我已经启动了一个项目,以促进我们学校的艺术教学。")可知,文章讲述了 Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目,将艺术家带进学校,促进艺术教学。故选A。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。本题问的是作者是如何应对中西部地区风景摄影师所面临的挑战的。the challenge指的是第一段中的"the corn state lacks geographical variation(艾奥瓦州缺少地理差异)"。再结合题干关键词in the Midwest可定位到第二段。根据"I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way."可知,作者通过去州立公园或乡村拍摄照片来应对这一挑战。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。题干中的the key与第三段第一句中的decisive同义。根据"Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography."可知,在合适的时间到达合适的地点是至关重要的。再结合最后一段作者去魔鬼湖(Devil's Lake)拍摄照片留下遗憾的经历可知,风景摄影成功的关键是恰当的时间管理。故选A。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据题干关键词the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake可定位到最后一段。根据"We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time."可知,作者认为时间宽裕,就离开既定的拍摄地点往更高的地方爬了,结果忘记了返回的正确路线,差点错过了要拍摄的落日。由此可推知,他们到达拍摄地点的时间要比预计的晚。故选C。
15.答案：B
解析：推理判断题,考查作者的观点态度。根据最后一段最后一句"Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely."可知,作者认为,尽管他可以把照片拍得更好,但现在这些照片仍然是自己拍得最好的。由此可推知,这些照片是令作者满意的(satisfying)。故选B。
16.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话"He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products."(他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。)可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑，是想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C。
17.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话"Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled."(塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但最近它们受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要它们来喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量重，无法回收。)可知，塑料吸管体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。由此推知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管是为了展示它们回收的难度。故选A。
18.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled 'Truckload of Plastic,' Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once."(在2018年的一篇文章中,Von Wong想展示一个具体的统计数据:每60秒,一卡车的塑料进入海洋。在这项名为"一卡车塑料"的工作中,Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了1万多块塑料,然后将它们绑在一起,看起来就像是从卡车上一下子卸下来的一样。)可推知,这样的景象很有震撼性。故选B。
19.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段"He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products."(他用塑料垃圾建造了大量的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)可知，本文主要讲述海洋里的塑料牢记被环保主义者做成一个巨型雕塑，及其震撼，引发了人们对塑料污染的反思。所以D项"海洋塑料变成了雕像。"可以概括文章的主旨。故选D。
20.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句"When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women , or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others."(当俱乐部之外的天才—女性、不同肤色或信仰的人—做出贡献时，他们得不到承认，也会被其他人拒绝。)可知，这些标准对女性和不同肤色的人是不公平的，所以A项"它们是不公平的"，符合题意。故选A。
21.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句"Even worse ,the study found that girls act on that belief : Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are 'really，really smart'."(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们会按照这种信念行事：在六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是"非常非常聪明"的孩子才会做的活动。)可知，女孩受到这种信念的影响，在六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是"非常非常聪明"的孩子才会参加的活动，由此可知，她们可能会受到社会信念的影响，D项符合题意。故选D。
22.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句"In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear."(在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现。)可知，越来越多的天才被公众了解的原因是更好的全球通讯，A项符合题意。故选A。
23.答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。文章描述了在科学和艺术领域，更多白人会被成为天才，这一领域存在性别和种族歧视的现象。结合文章最后一段第二句"And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius."(我们看得越多，就越会发现像性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能决定天才的外貌。)可知，作者认为性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能决定天才的外貌，所以B项"天才有多种形式"，符合文意。故选B。
24.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.(热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。)可知,热带雨林有丰富的野生动物。故选D。
25.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层) of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.(热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系,高大的树木有枝干,树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。)可知,大树有助于热带雨林生存。故选B。
26.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.(科学家们认为这是植物阻止任何树木疾病扩散和让比如毛毛虫这种食用树叶的昆虫难以生存。)可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护。故选C。
27.答案：A
解析：标题判断题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。其次,热带雨林就是地球之肺—它吸纳了大量的二氧化碳,并制造了全球氧气的很大部分。然后,雨林可以自我形成所需降雨的75%,而庞大的热带雨林湿气则可以形成雨云,这些雨云则可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。可以判断出本文最佳标题是"给予生命的热带雨林"。故选A。
28.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据题干关键词 Thai 可定位到第二段。根据"What I noticed when I was engaging in social media was that I couldn't help but compare myself"和 "social media posts often feature polished, airbrushed or filtered images that can alter appearances in an unrealistic way, but it still affected her negatively"可知, Thai 认为社交媒体上经过处理的图片会以不切实际的方式改变外表, 这会对青少年产生负面影响,让青少年将自己与社交媒体上发布的照片进行比较。故选 D。
29.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的"The researchers gave the participants surveys at the beginning and end of the study, which included statements such as... "可知,研究人员共对参与者进行了两次调查, 分别是在研究开始时和研究结束时; 调研内容包括是否对自己的长相和体重满意 (即对自己的外表进行评价)。故选 A。
30.答案： A
解析：推理判断题,考查文中人物 Graham 的观点态度。根据题干关键词 Graham 可定位到最后一段。根据 "The study is encouraging, but it only included people who had symptoms of anxiety or depression." 可知, Graham 认为这项研究是令人鼓舞的, 但因研究样本仅涉及有焦虑或抑郁症状的人, 所以有局限性。故选 A。
31.答案： C
解析：主旨要义题, 考查最佳标题。首段尾句"... limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens feel better about their body image and their appearance." 是文章主题句。本文主要介绍了一项研究,研究发现,将每天的屏幕时间控制在一小时左右, 可以帮助焦虑的青少年对自己的体形和外表感觉更好。C 项最能概括文章主旨, 适合做文章标题。故选 C。
一、细节理解题
细节理解题通常针对文章中叙述的人物、事物、现象或理论等进行提问，题目难度不大，题干中一般会出现表述较为具体的关键词，考生在审题后可快速锁定关键词并在文章中寻找相应的细节描述。
有时候，虽然题干中提供了关键词，但通过题目的提问方式我们会发现，简单地回文搜索关键词已不能满足做题需求。这时，通过审题来帮助我们提前决定解题方式就很有必要了。
1. 直接细节题
此类试题是对原文直接信息的考查，考生理解字面意思答题。在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问。此类试题选项多采用原文中的信息直接进行考查，不需要考生进行推断。做题时，考生可以在文章中找到与答案有关的直接信息。此类试题一般不会涉及全文的主旨，考生只要把选项内容与原文内容认真对比即可确定答案。广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等类别的文章，常涉及直接细节题。
2. 间接细节题
需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理才能得出答案此类试题介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间。四个选项不出现原文中的直接信息，考生需借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行变换，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别。
二、推理判断题
推理判断题是历年高考英语的命题集中点，包括判断和推理两个方面，属于深层理解题，一般难度较高，得分率较低，其比例占30%~40%。从历年的高考阅读理解题来看，推理判断题一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图题、观点态度题和篇章结构题。预计高考阅读理解题中的推理判断题仍将是考查的重点，应引起考生的重视。
1. 细节推断题
细节推断题考查的内容虽属于原文的细节，但要求考生在原文基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于已知推断未知。解题原则是“忠于原文，只推一步”。考生解答细节推断题时，首先要定位信息，通过寻读，找到相关信息点；然后进行字面理解，弄懂相关信息点的字面意思；再进行信息整合，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由具体推抽象，由抽象推具体。然后做出符逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但是考生可在文章中寻找并确定推断的依据，推断出隐藏的深层含义，要做到判断有据、推断有理。
2. 观点态度推断题
文章中作者对某人或某事的观点态度、文章中涉及的人或组织机构的观点态度是常考内容。在记叙文中，作者往往不直接提出观点，考生在阅读文章时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语，从而推断出作者或文中人物的言外之意。
3. 意图目的推断题
意图目的推理判断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章陈述的事实，使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意，同时要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。当然，有时候也会考查考生推断开展某项活动的目的意图，要通过对事件的起因和事件发起人的愿望推断出目的和意图来。
4. 文章出处或读者对象推断题
推断文章出处和读者对象的题目，首先要从文章的体裁和内容着手，弄清文章的中心话题，然后根据话题，确定文章来源和读者对象。如：新闻、广告应出现在报纸、网络上；科普类文章应出现在科学杂志上或报纸的科学版块上；对子女的教育话题的读者对象应该是父母。
5. 下文内容或事件发展结果推断题
此类题目要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局和下段可能涉及的内容进行预测。解这类题目时，考生应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构，根据文章最后一段的描述做出合情合理的预测。
三、主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查考生对全文的内容或某一段的内容加以合理地归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括能力。该类题目是高考中的难点之一，也是区分度较大的题目。主要考查：选择最佳标题；概括文章的中心思想；理解段落大意等。
此类题正确选项的特点：通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词；能概括文章（或段落）的全部内容。干扰项的特点：以偏概全；选项过于笼统；选项内容是命题者杜撰的；选项与主题无关。因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题时，考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什么位置都永远把主旨大意题作为最后一道题来做。在做完另外几道题后，无疑会有助于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。
四、词义猜测题
1. 依据定义推测词义
在许多情况下，文章的作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉，则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分，读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有that，which，is等。
2. 依据同位语推测词义
通常引出该词同位语的词或短语有or，that is，in other words等，还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
3. 依据文章中的举例推测词义
在阅读理解中，考生可以根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，推断出该生词的意思。
4. 依据对比关系或比较关系的词语推测词义
当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时，往往会运用对比的手法，即运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，也可以暗示出生词的含义。能体现对比关系或比较关系的词汇很多，主要有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead，like，similarly，on the contrary，In contrast to等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
5. 依据构词法推测词义
分析复合词：如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的复合词，可以从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上下文推测出该词的意思。考生同时要了解构词法知识。
6. 依据上下文语境，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词推测词义
7. 依据因果关系推测词义
因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表示因果关系的词汇有 since，as，because，for，so，thus，consequently，therefore，hence，due to，result in，result from，as a result，for this reason，accordingly，so that，so...that，such…that等。
8. 利用上下文来推测词义
Family-Friendly Events in January
ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19
The Phoenix Zoo's yearly holiday light show is on until Jan. 19, allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the city's zoo, with millions of lights giving an added dimension to the festivities.
Glow Wild, 455 N. Galvin Pkwy., Phoenix, phoenixzoo.org, $11.95 members, $13.95 general admission.
Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4-18
The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists, including those who create woodwork, metal crafts, food items, art, photography and gifts.
On Macdonald, off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa, , free admission.
Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4
OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in. This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides, games, snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers, with food and other offerings for sale at the event.
9500 E. Via de Ventura, Scottsdale, , free.
Youth Fine Arts Course Jan. 18-Mar. 7
Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials, including painting, drawing, mixed media and sculpture, ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all.
Mesa Art Center, 1 E. Main St., Mesa, , $93.
1.How can you get a discounted ticket to the ZooLights show
A. Bring a friend. B. Get a membership.
C. Join a tour group. D. Book a ticket online.
2.What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest
A. Have free food. B. Enjoy real snow.
C. Take art classes. D. Meet local artists.
3.Which event lasts the longest
A. ZooLights: Glow Wild. B. Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts.
C. Family Fun Winterfest. D. Youth Fine Arts Courses.
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
4.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John's research plans. B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare John's different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John's invention.
7.What is the basis for John's work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
A British woman who won a $1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution(变革). "We are going to make a change," she said. "I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort—whether an up and coming local musician or a major movie star into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. "I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up," she said. "We need artists more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: "Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. "It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries."
8.What will Zafirakou do with her prize money
A.Make a movie. B.Build new schools.
C.Run a project. D.Help local musicians.
9.What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
A.It is particularly difficult. B.It increases artists' income.
C.It opens children's mind. D.It deserves greater attention.
10.What should be stressed in school education according to Schama
A.Moral principles. B.Interpersonal skills.
C.Creative abilities. D.Positive worldviews.
11.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Bring Artists to Schools B.When Historians Meet Artists
C.Arts Education in Britain D.The World's Best Arts Teacher
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
12.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A.By teaming up with other photographers.
B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C.By studying the geographical conditions.
D.By creating settings in the corn fields.
13.What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A.Proper time management. B.Good shooting techniques.
C.Adventurous spirit. D.Distinctive styles.
14.What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
15.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake
A.Amusing. B.Satisfying. C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.
You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse", a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic", Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
16.What are Von Wong's artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
17.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
18.What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers in paragraph 4
A. Calming. B. Shocking C. Refreshing D. Challenging.
19.What does the text mainly talk about
A. Artists' opinions on Plastic safety.
B. Media Interest in contemporary art.
C. Responsibility demanded of big companies.
D. Ocean plastics transformed into sculptures.
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别) are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are "really, really smart." Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world."
20.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
21.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
22.Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. D. Changes in people's social positions.
23.What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush(灌木丛) in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层) of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain—your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity(湿气) of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
24.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph
A.They produce oxygen. B.They cover a vast area.
C.They are well managed. D.They are rich in wildlife.
25.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests
A.Heavy rains B.Big trees. C.Small plants. D.Forest animals.
26.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other
A.For more sunlight. B.For more growing space.
C.For self-protection. D.For the detection of insects.
27.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Life-Giving Rainforests B.The Law of the Jungle
C.Animals in the Amazon D.Weather in Rainforests
U.S. teens spend more than eight hours a day on screen, and there's growing concern over how social media may affect their mental health. Now, a new study has found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens feel better about their body image and their appearance.
The study arose from the personal experience of Helen Thai, a doctoral student in psychology at McGill University. "What I noticed when I was engaging in social media was that I couldn't help but compare myself," Thai says. She was well aware that social media posts often feature polished, airbrushed or filtered images that can alter appearances in an unrealistic way, but it still affected her negatively.
So, Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether cutting time on social media platforms including Instagram, TikTok and Snapchat would improve the body image. They recruited a few hundred volunteers, all of whom had experienced symptoms of anxiety or depression, which could make them vulnerable to the effects of social media. Half of the participants were asked to reduce their screen time to 60 minutes a day for three weeks while the other half continued to use social media with no restrictions, which averaged about three hours per day.
The researchers gave the participants surveys at the beginning and end of the study, which included statements such as "I'm pretty happy about the way I look." and "I am satisfied with my weight." Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5 -point scale. This may seem like a small change, but any shift in such a short period of time is striking, the authors say.
"The study is encouraging, but it only included people who had symptoms of anxiety or depression. It's worth evaluating this approach with other groups, such as people with or at risk of eating disorders. It's also possible that the benefits of cutting back could extend more broadly to anyone in this age group," says Psychologist Andrea Graham, co-director of the Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies at Northwestern University.
28.What problem may social media bring to teenagers according to Thai
A. They may become addicted to the Internet.
B. They tend to become sensitive to others' comments.
C. They may have unrealistic expectations of their image.
D. They tend to compare themselves with the images posted online.
29.What can we learn about the participants during the study
A. They scored their appearance twice.
B. Half of them stopped using social media.
C. They hoped to improve their body image.
D. Most of them showed dissatisfaction with their weight.
30.What did Graham think of the study
A. It was a good try but had limitations.
B. It was well designed but poorly conducted.
C. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
D. It was encouraging but the evidence was unreliable.
31.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. How Social Media Changes Teenagers
B. How to Help Teenagers Limit Screen time
C. Shorter Screen Time, Better Feelings on Look
D. Less Anxiety, Better Image
答案以及解析
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据小标题ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19下的段落$11.95 members, $13.95 general admission.(会员价11.95美元,普通门票价13.95美元)可知,要买到ZooLights show的折扣票,需成为会员。故选B。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据小标题Family Fun Winterfest Jan. 4下的段落OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard, featuring real snow for the kids to play in.(位于沙漠的OdySea Aquarium正在其Desert Courtyard举办第三届年度家庭趣味冬季活动,以真正的雪为特色,供孩子们玩耍)可知,在Family Fun Winterfest可以享受真正的雪。故选B。
3.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据每段的小标题"ZooLights: Glow Wild Jan. 1-19(ZooLights: Glow Wild,1月1日到19日) , Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts Jan. 4-18 (Downtown Mesa Festival of theArts,1月4日到18日),Family Fun WinterfestJan.4(Family Fun Winterfest,1月4日)和Youth Fine Arts Course Jan.18–Mar.7 (Youth Fine Arts Course,1月18日到3月7日)可知,四个活动中,持续最长的是Youth Fine Arts Course。故选D。
4.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的explore、started to wonder 和第二段中的studying、went back to observing、asking questions 可以推断出, 约翰·托德自孩童时代就喜欢探究和质疑。故选C。inquiring 意为"爱探索的,好奇的"。故选C。
5.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。本题问的是John 把污泥放进水箱的目的。根据第二段最后一句可知, John 决定建造一个生态箱(eco-machine)。第三段主要讲述了John 的实验过程(把污泥放进水箱里并观察)。第四段描述实验结果—这个生态箱里的动植物把污泥当成食物吃了。由此可推断出, John 把污泥放进水箱的目的是测试他研制的生态箱。故选D。
6.答案：B
解析：推理判断题,考查写作目的。根据题干关键词Fuzhou 可定位到第五段。根据"John has taken on many big jobs" 可知, John 已经承担了很多大型工作。紧接着通过他的发明应用于南伯灵顿和福州的例子来说明他的想法在实践中的应用(application)。故选B。
7.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair"可知John 的研究依据是自然可以进行自我修复。故选A。
8.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. "We are going to make a change," she said. "I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."(伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou表示,她想掀起场课堂革命。我们将做出改变,她说。"我已经启动了一个项目,以促进我们学校的艺术教学。")可知, Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
9.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段"The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort—whether an up and coming local musician or a major movie star into schools to work with and inspire children.(许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星—进入学校,与孩子们一起工作并激励他们,因此才有了这个项目。)"可知, Craig Martin认为,英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
10.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.(这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力,而创造力取决于年轻人。)"可知, Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
11.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第二段"Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher," said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. "We are going to make a change she said." I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."(伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚扎菲拉库Andria Zafirakou表示,她想掀起一场课堂革命。我们将做出改变,她说。"我已经启动了一个项目,以促进我们学校的艺术教学。")可知,文章讲述了 Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目,将艺术家带进学校,促进艺术教学。故选A。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。本题问的是作者是如何应对中西部地区风景摄影师所面临的挑战的。the challenge指的是第一段中的"the corn state lacks geographical variation(艾奥瓦州缺少地理差异)"。再结合题干关键词in the Midwest可定位到第二段。根据"I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way."可知,作者通过去州立公园或乡村拍摄照片来应对这一挑战。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。题干中的the key与第三段第一句中的decisive同义。根据"Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography."可知,在合适的时间到达合适的地点是至关重要的。再结合最后一段作者去魔鬼湖(Devil's Lake)拍摄照片留下遗憾的经历可知,风景摄影成功的关键是恰当的时间管理。故选A。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据题干关键词the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake可定位到最后一段。根据"We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time."可知,作者认为时间宽裕,就离开既定的拍摄地点往更高的地方爬了,结果忘记了返回的正确路线,差点错过了要拍摄的落日。由此可推知,他们到达拍摄地点的时间要比预计的晚。故选C。
15.答案：B
解析：推理判断题,考查作者的观点态度。根据最后一段最后一句"Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely."可知,作者认为,尽管他可以把照片拍得更好,但现在这些照片仍然是自己拍得最好的。由此可推知,这些照片是令作者满意的(satisfying)。故选B。
16.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话"He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products."(他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系。)可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑，是想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C。
17.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话"Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled."(塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大来源，但最近它们受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要它们来喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量重，无法回收。)可知，塑料吸管体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。由此推知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管是为了展示它们回收的难度。故选A。
18.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled 'Truckload of Plastic,' Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once."(在2018年的一篇文章中,Von Wong想展示一个具体的统计数据:每60秒,一卡车的塑料进入海洋。在这项名为"一卡车塑料"的工作中,Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了1万多块塑料,然后将它们绑在一起,看起来就像是从卡车上一下子卸下来的一样。)可推知,这样的景象很有震撼性。故选B。
19.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段"He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products."(他用塑料垃圾建造了大量的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)可知，本文主要讲述海洋里的塑料牢记被环保主义者做成一个巨型雕塑，及其震撼，引发了人们对塑料污染的反思。所以D项"海洋塑料变成了雕像。"可以概括文章的主旨。故选D。
20.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句"When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women , or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others."(当俱乐部之外的天才—女性、不同肤色或信仰的人—做出贡献时，他们得不到承认，也会被其他人拒绝。)可知，这些标准对女性和不同肤色的人是不公平的，所以A项"它们是不公平的"，符合题意。故选A。
21.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句"Even worse ,the study found that girls act on that belief : Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are 'really，really smart'."(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们会按照这种信念行事：在六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是"非常非常聪明"的孩子才会做的活动。)可知，女孩受到这种信念的影响，在六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是"非常非常聪明"的孩子才会参加的活动，由此可知，她们可能会受到社会信念的影响，D项符合题意。故选D。
22.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句"In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear."(在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现。)可知，越来越多的天才被公众了解的原因是更好的全球通讯，A项符合题意。故选A。
23.答案：B
解析：标题归纳题。文章描述了在科学和艺术领域，更多白人会被成为天才，这一领域存在性别和种族歧视的现象。结合文章最后一段第二句"And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius."(我们看得越多，就越会发现像性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能决定天才的外貌。)可知，作者认为性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能决定天才的外貌，所以B项"天才有多种形式"，符合文意。故选B。
24.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.(热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。)可知,热带雨林有丰富的野生动物。故选D。
25.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层) of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.(热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系,高大的树木有枝干,树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。)可知,大树有助于热带雨林生存。故选B。
26.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.(科学家们认为这是植物阻止任何树木疾病扩散和让比如毛毛虫这种食用树叶的昆虫难以生存。)可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护。故选C。
27.答案：A
解析：标题判断题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。其次,热带雨林就是地球之肺—它吸纳了大量的二氧化碳,并制造了全球氧气的很大部分。然后,雨林可以自我形成所需降雨的75%,而庞大的热带雨林湿气则可以形成雨云,这些雨云则可以飘往那些缺雨水的国家。可以判断出本文最佳标题是"给予生命的热带雨林"。故选A。
28.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据题干关键词 Thai 可定位到第二段。根据"What I noticed when I was engaging in social media was that I couldn't help but compare myself"和 "social media posts often feature polished, airbrushed or filtered images that can alter appearances in an unrealistic way, but it still affected her negatively"可知, Thai 认为社交媒体上经过处理的图片会以不切实际的方式改变外表, 这会对青少年产生负面影响,让青少年将自己与社交媒体上发布的照片进行比较。故选 D。
29.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的"The researchers gave the participants surveys at the beginning and end of the study, which included statements such as... "可知,研究人员共对参与者进行了两次调查, 分别是在研究开始时和研究结束时; 调研内容包括是否对自己的长相和体重满意 (即对自己的外表进行评价)。故选 A。
30.答案： A
解析：推理判断题,考查文中人物 Graham 的观点态度。根据题干关键词 Graham 可定位到最后一段。根据 "The study is encouraging, but it only included people who had symptoms of anxiety or depression." 可知, Graham 认为这项研究是令人鼓舞的, 但因研究样本仅涉及有焦虑或抑郁症状的人, 所以有局限性。故选 A。
31.答案： C
解析：主旨要义题, 考查最佳标题。首段尾句"... limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens feel better about their body image and their appearance." 是文章主题句。本文主要介绍了一项研究,研究发现,将每天的屏幕时间控制在一小时左右, 可以帮助焦虑的青少年对自己的体形和外表感觉更好。C 项最能概括文章主旨, 适合做文章标题。故选 C。