2025高考英语二轮复习 易混易错专项复习（4）语法填空 导学案（含解析）

（4）语法填空—2025高考英语一轮复习易混易错专项复习
1. 考查词“性”的变化
（1）分析句子结构，确定句子成分
① 形容词与副词的转化
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子作状语：使用副词
② 名词与形容词的转化
作表语表示事物的性质或状态：使用形容词
作定语：使用形容词
③ 动词与名词的转化
在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后：使用名词
做主语或宾语：使用名词
（2）根据构词法和逻辑关系确定答案
2. 考查词“格”的变化
（1）作定语：使用形容词性物主代词
（2）作主语：使用主格或名词性物主代词
（3）作宾语：使用宾格、名词性物主代词或反身代词
3. 考查词“数”的变化
（1）根据many、several、one of等信号词确定复数名词。
（2）根据句意确定名词的数。
4. 考查词“级”的变化
（1）根据信号词than、most等确定比较级或最高级。
（2）根据语境或句意确定比较级或最高级。
5. 考查谓语动词的屈折变化
（1）看结构
根据句子结构判断考察谓语动词
（2）定语态
根据语境和动词的用法确定使用主动语态还是被动语态
（3）定时态
根据时间状语或上下文时态的运用确定具体时态
注意：
① 时态的替代：一般现在时替代一般将来时
② 固定句型中的时态运用
（4）看主谓一致
根据主语确定谓语动词的适当形式
（5）注意特殊句式
祈使句使用动词原形
6. 考查非谓语动词的屈折变化
（1）判断使用非谓语动词
句中已有谓语，且设空处不作并列谓语
（2）确定非谓语动词形式
① 根据句子成分判断
a. 作目的状语：不定式
b. 作主语或宾语：使用v.-ing形式或不定式
c. 作原因、伴随、时间等状语
与句子主语构成主动关系：现在分词
与句子主语构成被动关系：过去分词
d. 作定语
与被修饰词构成主动关系：使用现在分词或不定式
与被修饰词构成被动关系：过去分词
e. 作宾语补足语
与宾语构成主动关系：使用现在分词或不定式
与宾语构成被动关系：过去分词
② 根据动词特点判断
a. enjoy、finish等动词的宾语常用v.-ing形式
b. decide、refuse等动词的宾语常用不定式
c. remember、forget、stop、try等动词的宾语使用v.-ing形式和不定式时含义不同
（3）注意固定搭配
1.During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ①_________ arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term "hutong", originally ②_________ (mean) "water well" in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty .
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ③_________ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social status ④_________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ⑤_________ (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars. The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ⑥_________ (space) homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing's long history ⑦_________ capital for six dynasties, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ⑧_________ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture, ⑨_________ are represented by the Forbidden City, Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect ⑩_________ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
2. A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ①_____ (journey)the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot.
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ②_____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ③ _____ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬)to the ancient Silk Road. ④_____ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ⑤_____(protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ⑥_____(meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years, Cao ⑦_____(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's ⑧_____(high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700 kilometers ⑨_____ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ⑩_____(plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
3. For Greek photographer George Doupas, Beijing is home now. During the past decade, he has been photographing the city, capturing its beauty ①_____ sharing these photos online and in exhibitions.
"This ②_____(true) represents Beijing—the old and the new, nicely mixing together," Doupas said while showing his photograph of the Zhihua Temple, a delicate Ming Dynasty building. It ③_____(locate) in front of a modern office building, Galaxy SOHO, which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways.
With rich historical heritage, Beijing ④_____(be)an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. Doupas often gets ⑤_____(lose) in the city's splendid ancient architecture. Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city ⑥_____(combine) high-end businesses and various industries. "It is fascinating to see a rapidly-developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past, which is ⑦_____ I decided to pursue my career here," he said.
Doupas is determined to continue with his career in China, hoping to serve as ⑧_____ bridge between China and the West. The ⑨_____(display) that show his photos about Beijing have attracted a large audience in Greece and the Czech Republic.
"I call Beijing my home now," he said, "I'll keep sharing photos of China ⑩_____ the rest of the world."
4. According to a study published in the UK recently, those ①_______ like jogging and do this kind of exercise ②_______ (regular) for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life. The study's Danish researchers ③_______ (convince) that choosing this kind of physical activity can reward us ④_______ 5 to 6 more years of life! Moreover, to achieve better results, the researchers suggest ⑤_______ (limit) yourself to gentle jogging rather than fast-pace and tiring distance running. They found that the ⑥_______ (benefit) of jogging are maximized when done at ⑦_______ average or even slow pace, and just one or two hours of jogging a week can be enough for you to gain success, regardless of your age or ⑧_______ (healthy) condition.
The scientists analyzed the data on about 20,000 people aged between 20 and 93, ⑨_______ (collect) for over 35 years by the Copenhagen City Heart Study. According to Dr. Peter Schnohr, the leader researcher, jogging is associated with as much as a 44 percent ⑩_______ (low) risk of death. The life expectancy increase in men is as much as 6.2 years, and for women it is as much as 5.6 years.
5. In Fujian province，over 3，000 Tulou scatter (散落)，more than any other province in China. Some of them are circular，while others are rectangular (方形的)①size and height.
A Tulou usually has 3 to 5 floors，covering② area of around 5，000 square meters. A Tulou can accommodate hundreds of people，who live and work together③ (share) the public areas，as well as the public④(facility) such as the well and the stairs. So，a Tulou⑤(function) as a village unit. It brings unity to all the villagers，passing down the traditional culture.
The⑥(early) Tulou was built in the 13th century，when the Hakka people moved to Fujian during the war. ⑦(settle) here permanently，the Hakka people built the Tulou based on the local geographical environment⑧are over one meter thick，a specially﹣designed entrance，high windows and secret tunnels (地道)
In 2008，the Fujian Tulou were on the UNESCO's World Heritage List. Nowadays，the Tulou are no longer defensive buildings⑨ they still reflect the ideas of harmony and cooperation while living together.
When you get a chance，why not visit Fujian Tulou and take a look at these⑩(impress) earthen buildings
6. Primary schools now attach great importance to labor education, advocating students to do activities such as cooking, making handicrafts ①_____ decorating houses.
Xue Youmei, a Grade 3 student, spent the winter holiday in Guangxi. Everything about village life was novel to Xue who was used ②_____ urban life. Xue joined her family to work at a farm field planted with Chinese water chestnuts. Xue, ③_____(wear) a pair of gloves, helped her father pick up water chestnuts at the field.
For Yang Liqiao, a Grade 6 student, the past winter holiday gave her ④_____ new identity—garbage sorting guide. Yang wore a volunteer's vest and recorded the situation of the garbage sorting work at her residential community. ⑤_____(additional), Yang also invited her classmates to walk around the park nearby to pick up garbage on the ground. Yang's father observed labor activities offered students a chance ⑥_____(acquire) knowledge, which was not taught at class.
At the same time, some schools in China also assigned specialized homework during the winter vacation to let students enjoy play-based learning. Some students ⑦_____(ask) to cooperate with parents to decorate their homes with New Year ⑧_____(painting). The task aimed to develop students' ⑨_____(innovation) thinking. And some were required to collect physics-related Chinese poems, make an ⑩_____(analyse) and draw a conclusion.
7.Waterfalls are one of nature's most demonstrative wonders, sometimes rushing to vertical (垂直的) depths that create amazingly ①_______(violence) sprays (浪花). But ②_______ happens when there isn't enough water to fuel the fall
Several world-renowned waterfalls around the globe either ③_______ (dry) up entirely so far or are functioning at a part of their previous power. This can negatively impact everything from local tourist trade ④_______ important ecological functions that benefit an area's plant and animal communities.
"While some waterfalls are spring-born or spring-fed, the majority depend on rainfall," says Adam Sawyer, an outdoor photographer and guide based in the Pacific Northwest ⑤_______ published guidebooks include Hiking Waterfalls Oregon, Hiking Waterfalls in Washington and the forthcoming Hiking Waterfalls Idaho.
Climate change is often fingered as a key factor, ⑥_______ (cause) both damaging floods and extended droughts. It can take years ⑦_______ (realize) the harmful effects of insufficient rainfall.
"⑧_______ (hope), we will find a way to correct the course sooner rather than later. In ⑨_______ meantime, there may never be a better time to get out and observe these natural wonders, in order to gain a deeper understanding and ⑩_______ (appreciate) for them," Sawyer says.
8.The more water people splash on you, the ①_____ (lucky)your life will be. That's the positive message from the water sprinkling festival in Xishuangbanna, in Southwest China's Yunnan province. The festival is one of the most important festivals for the Dai people —an ethnic group mostly ②_____ (live)in Xishuangbanna Dai, who recognize the festival ③______ the new year and organize activities like splashing water and dragon boat races.
"Water" is ④_____ unique way of sending blessings to the Dai people on New Year's Day. The more you ⑤______ (soak), the more blessings you get. This is ⑥_______ people express their feelings and wishes for the future. A visitor from the United States said two elderly women ⑦_______ (dress)in Dai ethnic clothes splashed water on him and he splashed back. Laughter and water twisted to make them feel like they were best friends, as if they ⑧_______(meet)before.
Xishuangbanna is home to 12 ethnic ⑨______ (minority)and boasts a border extending over 966. 3 kilometers. Neighboring countries such as Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos also celebrate the festival, taking place in the mid-sixth month of the Dai calendar, ⑩_______ (rough) ten days before or after China's Qingming Festival.
答案以及解析
1.答案：①and②meaning③surrounded④were permitted⑤featured⑥spacious⑦as⑧events⑨which⑩the
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了"胡同"的历史以及作用。
①考查连词。句意：在中国的王朝时期，皇帝们规划了北京的城市，并根据社会阶层安排了居民区。此处动词plan与arrange为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
②考查非谓语动词。句意："胡同"一词最初在蒙语中是"水井"的意思，最早出现在元代。分析句子结构可知mean与逻辑主语hutong构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填meaning。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，中心是紫禁城，内城和外城以同心圆环绕。分析句子结构可知surround与逻辑主语the Forbidden City构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填surrounded。
④考查时态语态。句意：社会地位较高的公民被允许住在离圈子中心更近的地方。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文In the Ming Dynasty可知描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Citizens of higher social status，谓语用复数。故填were permitted。
⑤考查时态。句意：这些高级官员和富商的大型四合院经常以精美的屋顶梁和柱子为特色。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填featured。
⑥考查形容词。句意：它们形成的胡同井然有序，两旁是宽敞的住宅和围墙花园。修饰后文名词homes应用形容词spacious，作定语。故填spacious。
⑦考查介词。句意：由于北京作为六朝都城的悠久历史，几乎每一条胡同都有它的故事，有些甚至与历史事件有关。后跟名词作宾语，表示"作为"应用介词as。故填as。
⑧考查名词的数。句意：由于北京作为六朝都城的悠久历史，几乎每一条胡同都有它的故事，有些甚至与历史事件有关。event为可数名词，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填events。
⑨考查定语从句。句意：与以紫禁城、颐和园、天坛为代表的宫廷生活和上层文化相比，胡同反映了草根北京人的文化。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the court life and upper-class culture，从句缺少主语，指物。故填which。
⑩考查冠词。句意：与以紫禁城、颐和园、天坛为代表的宫廷生活和上层文化相比，胡同反映了草根北京人的文化。此处特指"草根北京人"的文化，应用定冠词the。故填the。
2.答案：to journey; who; held; A; protection; meaningful; has walked; highest; from; planning
解析：①考查固定搭配。a first step to do sth 为固定搭配,意为"做某事的第一步"。所给词journey在句中作动词,意为"旅行"。故填to journey。
②考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处所在句为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Cao Shengkang。该定语从句缺少主语,且先行词指人,需用who来引导该定语从句。故填who。
③考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句已有谓语,故空处应填所给动词的非谓语动词形式。所给词hold与其逻辑主语"the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation"之间是动宾关系。故填held。
④考查冠词。句意:他的一个叫吴凡的朋友,自愿在旅行期间成为他的旅伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指"他的一个朋友",且空后的名词friend的发音以辅音音素开头,所以空处应填不定冠词a;空处位于句首,所填词的首字母要大写。故填A。
⑤考查名词。空前是形容词environmental, environmental 应修饰名词。故填所给词 protect的名词形式。故填protection。
⑥考查形容词。此处为"make +宾语+宾补"的固定结构,此处为形容词作宾补,空处应填所给词的形容词形式。故填 meaningful。
⑦考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处应填该句的谓语。根据空前的时间状语"In the last five years"可知,句子应用现在完成时,且主语Cao表示单数意义。故填has walked。
⑧考查形容词的最高级。此处指乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山。根据句意可知,此空应用high的最高级形式。故填highest。
⑨考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从西安乘飞机飞了4700千米到达喀什噶尔,计划在5个月内徒步返回西安。"from…to…"为固定搭配,意为"从……到……"。故填from。
⑩考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句已有谓语动词flew,故空处应填所给动词的非谓语动词形式,且主语He和所给动词plan之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填planning。
解析：
3.答案：①and②truly③is located④has been⑤lost⑥combining⑦why⑧a⑨displays⑩with
解析：①考查连词。句意:在过去的十年里,他一直在拍摄这座城市,捕捉它的美丽,并在网上和展览中分享这些照片。根据句意和空格后的sharing分析句子可知,sharing和上文的photographing以及capturing是并列关系,所以空格处应该填入并列连词and。故填and。
②考查副词。句意:"这真正代表了北京—旧与新,完美地融合在一起,"杜帕斯在展示他拍摄的智化寺的照片时说,智化寺是一座精致的明代建筑。根据句意和所给形容词true分析句子可知,空格处应该填入形容词true的副词形式truly作状语,修饰后面的动词represent。故填truly。
③考查时态、固定搭配和主谓一致。句意:它位于现代办公大楼银河SOHO的前面,以编织的桥梁和环环相扣的通道为特色。根据句意和所给动词locate分析句子可知,此处是考查动词locate的用法be located in+地点(坐落于……);根据句意和后面从句的时态是一般现在时可知,主句也应该用一般现在时;再由主语it可知,谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填is located。
④考查时态和主谓一致。句意:北京拥有丰富的历史遗产,自明朝以来一直是中国传统文化的重要中心。根据句意分析句子可知,空格处是该句子的谓语部分,由时间状语since the Ming Dynasty可知,句子应该用现在完成时;再由主语Beijing可知,谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has been。
⑤考查形容词。句意:杜帕斯经常在这座城市辉煌的古建筑中迷路。根据句意和所给动词lose以及空格前的get分析句子可知,空格处应该填入形容词lost作表语。故填lost。
⑥考查现在分词。句意:同时,他也惊叹于这座融合了高端商业和各行业的现代化城市。根据句意和所给动词combine分析句子可知,空格处应该填入combine的非谓语形式作定语,修饰前面的名词city,因为名词city和动词combine之间是主动关系,所以应该用现在分词combining作定语。故填combining。
⑦考查连接副词。句意:他说:"看到一座快速发展的城市投入如此大的精力来保护它的过去,这是令人着迷的,这就是我决定在这里追求事业的原因。"根据句意分析句子可知,空格后的部分是一个表语从句,空格处应该填入一个连接词引导表语从句,且意义为"为什么",所以应该用连接副词why。故填why。
⑧考查冠词。句意:杜帕斯决心在中国继续他的职业生涯,希望成为中国和西方之间的桥梁。根据句意和空格后的单数可数名词bridge分析句子可知,空格处应该填入一个不定冠词,表泛指,因为bridge的发音是辅音音素开头,所以应该用不定冠词a。故填a。
⑨考查可数名词单复数。句意:展览展示了他关于北京的照片,吸引了希腊和捷克共和国的大量观众。根据句意和所给可数名词display分析句子可知,空格处是该句子的主语,由句中的助动词have可知,句子的主语应该是复数形式displays。故填displays。
⑩考查介词。句意:"我现在把北京当成我的家,"他说,"我会继续把中国的照片分享给世界其他地方。"根据句意和句中的动词share分析句子,此处是考查动词share和介词with的搭配:share something with somebody(和某人分享某物)。故填with。
4.答案：1. who2. regularly3. are convinced4. with5. limiting6. benefits7. an8. health9. collected10. lower
解析： ①考查定语从句。句意：那些喜欢慢跑并且经常做这种运动每周至少一小时的人有很高的长寿机率，先行词为those，指人，在定语从句中作主语。故填who。
②考查副词。句意：那些喜欢慢跑并且经常做这种运动每周至少一小时的人有很高的长寿机率，do是动词，要用副词修饰，修饰动词，所以用副词。故填regularly。
③考查语态。句意：这项研究的丹麦研究人员确信选择这种体育活动可以给我们带来无价的回报。be convinced that..确信，承认，是一个固定句型，主语为复数名词。故填are convinced.
④考查固定搭配。句意：这项研究的丹麦研究人员确信选择这种体育活动可以给我们带来无价的回报。reward sb. with sth.用某物回报某人。故填with。
⑤考查动名词。句意：研究人员建议限制自己慢跑，而不是快节奏和疲劳的长跑。suggest后接动词时用动名词形式，suggest doing sth.建议做某事，为固定搭配。故填limiting。
⑥考查名词的数。句意：科学家们发现当以平均速度甚至慢节奏运动时，慢跑的好处达到最大化。benefit是可数名词，根据谓语动词are maximized，要用复数形式。故填benefits.
⑦考查冠词。句意：科学家们发现当以平均速度甚至慢节奏运动时，慢跑的好处达到最大化。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，average是以元音音素开头的。故填an。
⑧考查名词。句意：他们发现，慢跑的好处是最大限度地在平均甚至缓慢的速度完成，只要一个或两个小时的慢跑一周足以让你获得成功无论你的年龄或健康状况。作定语修饰名词，表示类别，所以用名词。故填health。
⑨考查过去分词。句意：科学家们分析了哥本哈根城市心脏研究中心35年来收集的大约20000名年龄在20岁到93岁之间的人的数据。collect和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填collected。
⑩考查比较级。句意：按照首席研究员彼得·施诺赫博士，发现慢跑可以降低44%的死亡风险。暗含与不慢跑的人相比，要用形容词比较级。故填lower。
5.答案：①in②an③sharing④facilities⑤functions⑥earliest⑦To settle⑧that/which⑨and⑩impressive
解析：①考查介词。句意：它们的大小和高度也各不相同。vary in为固定搭配，表示"在……方面不同"。故填in。
②考查冠词。句意：土楼一般有3到5层，占地面积约5000平方米。area"面积"是可数名词单数，此处表泛指，空处需填不定冠词。area的发音以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。cover an area of表示"占地面积为"。故填an。
③考查现在分词。句意：一个土楼可以容纳数百人，他们一起生活和工作，共享公共区域，以及井和楼梯等公共设施。分析句子结构可知，本句中已有谓语动词can accommodate，且前后无连词，空处应填非谓语，所给词share与被修饰词people构成主动关系，所以需要用现在分词形式作状语。故填sharing。
④考查可数名词复数。句意：一个土楼可以容纳数百人，他们一起生活和工作，共享公共区域，以及井和楼梯等公共设施。根据句意可知，public"公共的"是形容词，应修饰名词，facility"设施"是可数名词，前面没有限定词，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填facilities。
⑤考查动词时态。句意：因此，土楼起着村庄单元的作用。根据句意可知，空处作谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语a Tulou为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填functions。
⑥考查形容词的最高级。句意：最早的土楼建于13世纪，当时客家人在战争期间迁往福建。根据句意及空前定冠词the可知，此处需用所给词early的最高级形式earliest修饰名词Tulou，指"最早的土楼"。故填earliest。
⑦考查动词不定式。句意：为了在这里永久定居，客家人根据当地的地理环境建造了土楼，既有居住的目的，也有防御的目的。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词built，空处表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To settle。
⑧考查定语从句。句意：土楼有一米多厚的泥墙，特殊设计的入口，高高的窗户和秘密隧道，可以有效地防御敌人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面名词walls，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
⑨考查连词。句意：如今，成群结队的游客涌入土楼，欣赏土楼令人难以置信的设计和技术，欣赏那里和谐的生活方式。根据句意可知，设空前后为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
⑩考查形容词。句意：当你有机会时，为什么不去福建土楼看看这些令人印象深刻的土楼呢？分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词impressive修饰名词buildings，表示"令人印象深刻的"。故填impressive。
解析：
6.答案：①and②to③wearing④a⑤Additionally⑥to acquire⑦were asked⑧paintings⑨innovative⑩analysis
解析：①考查连词。句意:小学现在非常重视劳动教育,提倡学生进行烹饪、制作手工艺品和装饰房屋等活动。分析句子可知,空格处应填入并列连词。根据句意,此处指"和;以及",故用and。故填and。
②考查介词。句意:对于习惯了城市生活的薛来说,关于乡村生活的一切都很新奇。be used to sth./doing sth.是固定短语,意为"习惯……"。故填to。
③考查现在分词。句意:薛同学戴着一副手套,帮助父亲在田里捡水栗子。分析句子可知,空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。主语Xue与动词wear是主动关系,故用现在分词。故填wearing。
④考查冠词。句意:对于六年级学生杨丽巧来说,刚刚过去的寒假给了她一个新的身份—垃圾分类向导。根据句意,此处指"一个",表泛指,故用不定冠词。new读音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。故填a。
⑤考查副词。句意:此外,杨还邀请她的同学在附近的公园里散步,捡地上的垃圾。分析句子可知,空格处作状语,应用副词。additional的副词形式为additionally,意为"此外",置于句首首字母应大写。故填Additionally。
⑥考查动词不定式。句意:杨的父亲观察到,劳动活动为学生提供了一个学习知识的机会,而这些知识是课堂上没有教授的。修饰名词chance应用动词不定式作后置定语,表示"……的机会"。故填to acquire。
⑦考查动词的时态和语态。句意:一些学生被要求与家长合作,用新年绘画装饰他们的家。分析句子可知,空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文assigned可知,此处应用一般过去时态。主语Some students与动词ask是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。故填were asked。
⑧考查名词的数。句意:同上。根据句中their homes可知,空格处应填入名词复数形式。故填paintings。
⑨考查形容词。句意:该任务旨在培养学生的创新思维。分析句子可知,空格处应填入形容词作定语。innovation的名词形式为innovative。故填innovative。
⑩考查名词。句意:一些人被要求收集与物理相关的中国诗歌,进行分析并得出结论。根据句中make an可知,此处应填名词作宾语,analyse的名词形式为analysis。故填analysis。
7.答案：①violent②what③have dried④to⑤whose⑥causing⑦to realize⑧Hopefully⑨the⑩appreciation
解析：本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了在没有足够的雨水的时候瀑布是如何形成的。
①考查形容词。句意:瀑布是大自然最具代表性的奇观之一，有时会冲向垂直深度，产生惊人的猛烈喷雾。该空作定语修饰名词sprays，所以需要填入形容词;violence的名词为violent，意为"猛烈的"。故填violent。
②考查特殊疑问词。句意:但如果没有足够的水来为瀑布提供燃料会发生什么呢 本句为特殊疑问句，句子缺少主语，且缺少"什么"的意思，用特殊疑问词what。故填what。
③考查时态与主谓一致。句意:到目前为止，世界上几个著名的瀑布要么已经完全干涸，要么只是在部分发挥它们以前的作用。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入谓语动词;句子的时间状语为"so far"，所以用现在完成时;主语为"waterfalls"为复数，所以助动词用have。故填have dried。
④考查介词。句意:这可能会对从当地旅游贸易到有利于该地区动植物群落的重要生态功能等各个方面产生负面影响。from ... to ...从……到……，此处指的是从当地旅游贸易到有利于该地区植物群落的重要生态功能。故填to。
⑤考查定语从句。句意:Adam Sawyer说:"虽然一些瀑布是由泉水产生的或由泉水喂养的，但大多数取决于降雨量，"Adam Sawyer是太平洋西北地区的户外摄影师和导游，他出版的指南包括俄勒冈州的徒步瀑布，华盛顿的徒步瀑布和即将出版的爱达荷州的徒步瀑布。分析句子结构可知，空格处为限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词是Adam Sawyer，关系词替代先行词在从句中作published guidebooks的定语，用关系代词whose。故填whose。
⑥考查现在分词。句意:气候变化经常被认为是造成破坏性洪水和持续干旱的关键因素。分析句子结构可知，句子中有谓语动词，所以空格处需要填入非谓语动词;逻辑主语Climate change与动词cause之间为主谓关系，cause用现在分词形式作状语。故填causing。
⑦考查动词不定式。句意:人们可能需要数年时间才能认识到降雨不足的有害影响。It takes time to do sth.花费时间做某事，realize用不定式形式。故填to realize。
⑧考查副词。句意:希望我们能尽快找到一种方法来纠正这一进程。空格处位于句子的开头，修饰整个句子，所以需要填入副词，作状语;hope的副词为hopefully，意为"有希望地"。故填Hopefully。
⑨考查冠词。句意:与此同时，为了对它们有更深的了解和欣赏，也许再也没有比现在更好的时间走出去观察这些自然奇观了。in the meantime意为:与此同时。故填the。
⑩考查名词。句意:与此同时，为了对它们有更深的了解和欣赏，也许再也没有比现在更好的时间走出去观察这些自然奇观了。空格处位于不定冠词之后，所以需要填入可数名词单数，appreciate的单数为appreciation。故填appreciation。
8.答案：①luckier②living③as④a⑤are soaked⑥how⑦dressed⑧had met⑨minorities⑩roughly
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了泼水节的习俗。
①考查比较级。句意:人们在你身上泼的水越多，你的生活就会越幸运。此处为the+比较级，the+比较级句型。故填luckier。
②考查非谓语动词。句意:这个节日是傣族最重要的节日之一，傣族主要生活在西双版纳傣族，他们把这个节日当作新的一年，组织像泼水和龙舟比赛这样的活动。此处group与live构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填living。
③考查介词。句意:这个节日是傣族最重要的节日之一，傣族主要生活在西双版纳傣族，他们把这个节日当作新的一年，组织像泼水和龙舟比赛这样的活动。短语recognize sth. as...表示"把……当作"。故填as。
④考查冠词。句意:"水"是傣族人在元旦送祝福的一种独特方式。此处way为泛指"一种"，且unique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
⑤考查时态语态。句意:你被淋湿的越多，得到的祝福就越多。主语you与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文get可知为一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are soaked。
⑥考查表语从句。句意:这是人们表达对未来的感受和愿望的方式。引导表语从句，表示"如何"应用how。故填how。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意:一位来自美国的游客说，两个穿着傣族服装的老妇人往他身上泼水，他也泼了回去。短语be dressed in表示"穿着"，此处过去分词作定语。故填dressed。
⑧考查虚拟语气。句意:笑声和水交织在一起，让他们觉得他们是最好的朋友，好像他们以前见过面一样。此处表示对过去的虚拟，从句应用过去完成时。故填had met。
⑨考查名词的数。句意:西双版纳是12个少数民族的家园，边境线长达966.3公里。根据上文12可知应用复数形式。故填minorities。
⑩考查副词。句意:柬埔寨、泰国、缅甸和老挝等邻国也庆祝这个节日，时间是在傣族历的六月中旬，大约在中国清明节的前后十天。修饰后文短语应用副词roughly。故填roughly。