2016聚焦中考英语(人教版)考点聚焦课件+考点跟踪突破:介词和数词

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名称 2016聚焦中考英语(人教版)考点聚焦课件+考点跟踪突破:介词和数词
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科目 英语
更新时间 2015-12-29 12:43:59

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课件33张PPT。人教版英语介 词第23讲 介词和数词中考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。
学习重点应放在以下三点:
1.表时间、地点、方式等介词的用法;
2.介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用;
3.同义或近义介词辨析。高频考向一 表时间的介词
①at,in与on
表示时间点用at。如:at six o'clock,at noon,at midnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。如:in May,in winter,in the morning,in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。如:on Monday,on July 1st,on Sunday morning等。②since与after
由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段为过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。如:
They have lived here since 1978.自从1978年,他们就住在这儿。
After five days the boy came back.五天后这个男孩回来了。③in与after
in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。对此提问用How soon。after与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。如:
He will be back in two months.他将在两个月后回来。
He returned after a month.他一个月后回来了。④for与since
for可以指过去、现在或将来,着重说明“多久”,后面接时间段。since意为“自从……起”,多与完成时连用,后面接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作,since引导从句时,主句的动作是持续性的。如:
He has lived here for 2 weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。
He has lived here since 2 weeks ago.他两周前就住这儿了。
It's five years since he left school.他毕业五年了。【例1】—Look!There are so many people in the park.
—Nobody likes to stay at home ________ Sunday morning.(2015,河池)
A.in     B.on     C.at     D.to
解析:在具体的某一天早上应用介词on。
答案:__B__【例2】 —How long have you lived in the new building?
—________ 2013.(2016,原创)
A.In B.After C.Since D.Before
解析:表示“自从……起”应用介词since,后常接时间点或从句。
答案:__C__【例3】________ the exam,we'll say good-bye to our dear teachers,classmates as well as our beautiful school.(2014,安徽)
A.In B.For
C.After D.Through
解析:由后半句“我们将和亲爱的老师、同学以及美丽的校园说再见”可推断应是考试后。
答案:__C__【例4】For many western people,they drink cold water even ________ winter.(2015,临沂)
A.on B.for C.at D.in
解析:季节前面应用介词in。
答案:__D__高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词
①at,in与on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.昨天他到达了上海。
They arrived at a small village before dark.天黑前,他们到达了一个小村子。
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。②over,above与on
over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一个的上面。如:
There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
We flew above the clouds.我们在云层上飞行。
They put some flowers on the teacher's desk.他们放了一些花在老师桌子上。③in,on与to
从下图可以看出in表示“在某一范围之内,在……中”;on表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤,即“毗邻;接壤”;to则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。如:
Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia.It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲东部(范围内),中国东面(不接壤),东临太平洋(接壤)。④in front of与in the front of
in front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。如:
There are some tall trees in front of the building.这栋大楼前有一些高树。
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面。⑤across与through
across表示从物体表面通过,与on有关。
through表示通过一个空间,与in有关。如:
The boy ran across the street.这个男孩跑过街道。
They walked through the forest.他们穿过了森林。
⑥below与under
below “在……下”,不一定在正下方。
under “在……正下方”。如:
There is a dog under the desk.书桌下有一只小狗。
Write your name below the line.在横线下方写下你的名字。⑦between与among
between指两者之间。
among指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如:
There is a map between the door and the window.门和窗户之间有一张地图。
He is sitting among the students.他坐在学生当中。【例5】 —Can a plane fly ________ the Atlantic Ocean?
—Yes,but it needs to go ________ the clouds for hours.(2015,烟台)
A.across;through B.through;across
C.across;across D.through;through
解析:across表示从物体表面通过;though表示从某物的内部“穿过”。
答案:__A__【例6】 Mr. Green's office is ________ the 26th floor.You can take the lift there.(2014,重庆)
A.at B.in C.on D.for
解析:“在几楼”应用介词on。
答案:__C__【例7】 —Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival (桃花节)?
—Yes.The flowers were beautiful.Bees were flying ________ them.(2016,原创)
A.in B.among C.between D.through
解析:由语境可知句意为“是的,那些花很漂亮。蜜蜂在它们中间飞来飞去。”。
答案:__B__高频考向三 表示方式的介词by,with,in,on
by表示“以……方式、方法或手段”;with表示“用……工具”;in表示“用……方式、语言、语调或颜色”等;on则一般指用网络,电脑,电视,电话等。如:
He studies English by reading aloud every day.他通过每天大声朗读学英语。
How amazing!The boy can write with his two hands at the same time.真神奇!这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。
Can you spell it in English?你会用英语把它拼出来吗?【例8】 ________ all his pocket money,Dan bought a present for his mother on Mother's Day.
A.With B.For C.By D.In
解析:句意为“丹用他所有的零花钱在母亲节的时候给他的母亲买了一件礼物”,只有with可以表达“用……工具”。
答案:__A__【例9】 When I got into the room,Sue was talking ________ the phone.
A.with B.on C.to D.in
解析:用电话在交谈,介词应用on。
答案:__B__高频考向四 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。
1.动词+介词
arrive in/at到达
ask for请求
do well in在……方面做得好
give up放弃
prefer...to... 宁愿选择……,更喜欢……
regard...as... 把……看做……thanks to幸亏,由于
think about考虑
laugh at嘲笑
learn from向……学习
leave for出发去某地
divide...into把……分开
believe in信任,信赖
depend on依靠
separate from分离,隔开
call in召来,叫来show up赶到,露面
stick to坚持,固守
worry about为……担心
think of考虑,关心2.介词+名词
in time 及时
on time 准时
in front of 在……前面
at home 在家
at night 在晚上
with a smile 带着微笑
without breakfast没吃早餐
at first 首先
in person亲身,亲自
in that case既然那样in a row连续几次地
by the end of在(某时间)以前
in line with(与……)成一排
on one's way to 在某人去……的路上
at once 立刻,马上
at the same time 同时
by hand 用手,手工,亲手
in trouble 处于困境
in fact 事实上
on the left/right 在左/右边
to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是3.be+形容词/过去分词、动词等与介词搭配
be born with... 天生具有
be good at... 擅长……
be made of... 由……制成
be angry with sb.跟某人生气
be angry at sth.为某事生气
be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意
be surprised at对……感到惊奇(诧异)
be used to... 习惯于……
be interested in对……感兴趣
be proud of... 以……自豪(骄傲)be full of... 充满……
be filled with充满……
take (catch) hold of抓住
be sure of... 确信……
take part in参加
be in control of掌管;管理
be harmful to对……有害
be known for以……闻名
be responsible for对……有责任,负责任
break into(in) 闯入
take care of照顾,关心,保管be busy with... 忙于……
be strict with sb.对某人严格要求
catch up with跟上,赶上
have nothing to do with... 与……无关
get out of离开;从……出来
look forward to盼望,期待
get in the way of妨碍,挡……的路【例10】 Ladies and gentlemen,welcome ________ China-South Asia EXPO.(2015,昆明)
A.on B.in C.at D.to
解析:“welcome to+地点名词等”为固定搭配,意为“欢迎到……”。
答案:__D__【例11】 Before you go to Canada,you need to learn more ________ it.(2015,陕西)
A.from B.in C.by D.about
解析:句意“在你去加拿大前,你需要了解更多关于加拿大的情况”。
答案:__D__【例12】 —What's your teacher like?
—She is always strict ________ us.(2016,原创)
A.in B.with C.to D.on
解析:be strict with为固定搭配,意为“对……严格要求”。
答案:__B__
【例13】At last,he came up ________ a good idea to solve the problem.(2016,原创)
A.in B.for C.with D.at
解析:come up with为固定搭配,意为“想出”。
答案:__C__课件19张PPT。人教版英语数 词第23讲 介词和数词中考对数词的考查主要有以下四点:
1.基数词和序数词的用法;
2.日期、时间、年龄、编号等的用法;
3.分数的表达;
4.hundred,thousand,million,billion的用法。高频考向一 基数词
1.基数词的构成
①1~12独立成词:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
②13~19的基数词以-teen结尾。要注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的拼写。
③表示整“十”的基数词:20~90的基数词都以-ty结尾。其中特别要注意twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,ninety的正确写法。
④21~99的写法是:十位数加个位数,中间用连字符号“-”连接。如:26 twenty-six;57 fifty-seven。⑤101~999的构成是:百位数与十位数之间用and连接。如:123 one hundred and twenty-three。
⑥hundred,thousand,million,billion等词在表示确定数目的时候,直接在前面加基数词;表示不确定数目时,要在它们后面加s,其后还要加of。如:
three hundred students三百名学生
thousands of students成千上万的学生2.基数词的用法
①表示数量的多少。
②表示年份。1988读作nineteen eighty-eight
③表示时刻。7:00读作seven o'clock
8:30读作half past eight/eight thirty
3:05读作five past three/three five
5:48读作twelve to six/five forty-eight
④表示顺序。单数名词+基数词,名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如:
Class Two;Room 12;No.3 Middle School注:“单数名词+基数词”可转换成“the+序数词+单数名词”,此时名词的第一个字母不大写。如:
Lesson Three=the third lesson。
⑤“数词+单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如:a three-year-old girl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语,后面必须跟所修饰的名词。
⑥与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词+单位名词+形容词”,表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。如:ten years old,3600 meters long。⑦“几十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或年代。如:
In his sixties,he rode a bike round the world.
The light was invented in the 1870s.
⑧与another,more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加—定数量。如:
another three hours,two more cakes。【例1】 A quarter to four is ________.(2015,张家界)
A.3:15   B.3:45   C.4:15   
解析:a quarter to four表示四点差一刻,即3:45。
答案:__B__【例2】 —Excuse me,sir.Here's a package for Lin Tao.Which room does he live in?(2016,原创)
—________.
A.308 Room B.Room 308
C.The Room 308 D.The 308 Room
解析:“几号房间”应用“Room+房间号”表示。
答案:__B__【例3】 Tony's mum looks young and beautiful.It's hard to imagine she is already in her ________.(2015,苏州)
A.fifties B.fifty C.fiftieths D.fiftieth
解析:表示某人约几十岁的时候,应用基数词的复数形式。
答案:__A__高频考向二 序数词
1.序数词的构成
①序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh等。
②以y结尾的整十的数词,先将y改为i,再加-eth。如:fifty→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。
③21以上的非整十的数词,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。如:
twenty-one→twenty-first,thirty-two→thirty-second,two hundred and ninety-eight→two hundred and ninety-eighth等。④少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。如:
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth。
注:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十)。2.序数词的用法
①表示顺序。序数词表顺序时,其前须用定冠词the,后接单数名词。
如:I'm the first one to arrive here.
注:如序数词前出现人称代词,则不加the。定语从句中先行词之前有序数词时,则关系代词只能用that。如:
Today is my thirtieth birthday.
②用于最高级前。如:
John is the second tallest boy in our class.③分数。分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子为1,分母用单数,分子大于1,分母用复数。如:
one fifth,three fifths。
—些习惯用法:1/4也可表示为a quarter,3/4也可表示为three quarters,1/2也可表示为a half。
④带分数的词组作句子的主语时,谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如:
Two fifths of the apple is eaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。
Two fifths of the apples are red.五分之二的苹果是红的。⑤表示数量上再增加“一”,用:a(an)+序数词+单数名词。如:
She had a second child.她有了第二个孩子。【例4】Please turn to Page ________ and read the ________ story.(2016,原创)
A.Ten;two B.Ten;second
C.Tenth;second D.Tenth;two
解析:“Page+基数词”,表示第几页,且基数词首字母要大写;“the+序数词+story”,表示第几个故事。
答案:__B__【例5】 Kate is a school girl.She got many presents on her ________ birthday.(2015,凉山)
A.nine B.the ninth
C.ninetieth D.ninth
解析:表示某人的第几个生日应用序数词,且前面已有代词修饰,故不能再用定冠词。
答案:__D__高频考向三 数词中的难点
①hundred,thousand,million,billion的运用。在构成具体的数字时,用单数形式。如:two hundred students,表达不具体的多数时用其复数。如:thousands of students(成千上万的学生)。
②与another,more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如:another three hours或three more hours。
③“一两天”可表达为:a day or two或one or two days;
有关“半”的表达:three years and a half或three and a half years三年半;half an hour半小时;one hour and a half/one and a half hours一个半小时。【例6】It's reported that people throw ________ plastic bags along this street every day.(2015,南充)
A.hundred B.hundreds
C.hundred of D.hundreds of
解析:hundreds of为固定结构,意为“许多的;大量的”。
答案:__D__考点跟踪突破23 介词和数词
介 词
1.A terrible earthquake happened in Nepal __A__ April 25th,2015.(2015,重庆)
A.on   B.in   C.at   D.from
2.—__C__ my surprise,Jin Ming was chosen into our school football team.
—Congratulations.He did well ________ playing football when he was very young.I hope he'll be the best player in our school.(2015,黄冈)
A.To;of B.At;at C.To;in D.In;about
3.—David,when do you get up every day?
—I usually get up __B__ half past six.I'm never late for school.(2015,扬州)
A.in B.at C.on D.during
4.—Would you please provide us __B__ some information about the school sports meeting?
—Sure.It's said that it will start ________ the morning of September 20th.(2015,鄂州)
A.for;on B.with;on C.for;in D.with;in
5.—I hear two high speed railways will be built in Xiangyang __C__ a few years.
—That sounds great.It'll be more convenient and faster for us to go out.(2015,襄阳)
A.after B.on C.in D.at
6.—Do you know the exact date of his death?
—No,but I remember he died __C__ a cold Friday night.(2015,宁夏)
A.in B.by C.on D.at
7.There are some apples __C__ the tree and some birds are singing ________ the tree.(2015,恩施)
A.on;on B.in;on C.on;in
8.In cold winter,the temperature in Harbin often remains __B__ zero all day.(2015,苏州)
A.above B.below C.over D.under
9.Robert Hunt sometimes advise the students __B__ common problems.(2015,青岛)
A.in B.about C.with D.for
10.Could you please give me a hand?I can't complete the task on time __A__ your help.(2015,广东)
A.without B.under C.with D.for
11.—Harry is absent __A__ school because of the fever.
—I hope he can get better soon.(2015,辽阳)
A.from B.to C.at D.in
12.The government has made a law to __C__ smoking in public.(2015,铁岭)
A.at B.for C.against D.towards
13.You must be careful when you swim __A__ the lake.(2015,潍坊)
A.across B.below C.over D.through
数 词
1.It's reported that people throw __D__ plastic bags along this street every day.(2015,南充)
A.hundred B.hundreds
C.hundred of D.hundreds of
2.Helen loves reading.She has read __A__ books this month.(2015,重庆)
A.five B.fifth C.five of D.fifth of
3.Yesterday was his __A__ birthday.He enjoyed himself.(2015,衡阳)
A.twelfth B.twelve C.the twelfth
4.—How many friends will come to your __D__ birthday party?
—About ________.(2015,黄冈)
A.fifteen;fifteen B.fifteenth;fifteenth
C.fifteen;fifteenth D.fifteenth;fifteen
5.It is reported that nearly __A__ foreign kids joined a British boarding school last year,and a third of them came from China.(2015,东营)
A.nine thousand B.nine thousands
C.nine thousand of D.nine thousands of
6.A __C__ woman was saved from the ship on June 2nd,2015.(2015,黔西南州)
A.65 year old B.65-year-olds
C.65-year-old D.65-years-old
7.It is said that __B__ of the water all over the world ________ polluted.
A.two three;is B.two thirds;is
C.two three;are D.two thirds;are