Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson 3 Running and Fitness—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.His back injury may prevent him from ________(play) in tomorrow's game.
2.Finishing a beautiful painting always gives one ________(satisfy).
3.A lot of money was spent on the ________(equip) of the new hospital.
4.The diagram has provided the readers with much ______(detail) information related to the topic.
5.Cycling is good exercise, _____(strengthen) all the muscles of the body.
6.There is a growing awareness that the ______(prevent) of environmental pollution is extremely important.
7.No one was hurt, and we all breathed a sigh of _______(relieve).
8.The host introduced the proper way ________(wear) a mask to the audience at the end of the programme.
9.I have been trained as a doctor, so I am capable of _______(give) first aid in an emergency.
10.The government of Xi'an will ________(strength) the protection of the Qinling Mountains.
二、阅读理解
For people suffering from depression(抑郁症), there's an all-natural treatment they should use-getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows.
For the study, researchers analysed data from nearly 8,000 people and found that those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study's start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activities helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression.
Both high-intensity (高强度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode (一段时期) of depression by 17%, according to the study. "Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky," said lead author Karmel Choi. "On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activities each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes."
Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. "Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible," Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there's something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression.
11.How did the researchers reach their conclusion
A. By researching information.
B. By conducting genetic research.
C. By comparing various levels of activities.
D. By tracking the subjects for many years.
12.What does the study show about depression
A.Physical activities better medical treatment.
B. Exercise may decrease and prevent it.
C. Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same.
D. Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment.
13.What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Simple. B. Complex. C. Unusual. D.Common.
14.What is the purpose of the text
A. To discuss a disease. B. To introduce a scientific study.
C. To analyse a genetic risk. D. To explain a phenomenon.
三、七选五
If a sport is something that interests you, obviously you would want to be good at it. Succeeding in a sport takes skill, and skill takes patience and determination. ①_____ Skill alone may take you far, but you'll never go all the way unless you have the right attitude and team spirit to back it up.
Begin from basics first.
It's common that young athletes want to jump into the advanced skills quickly. This isn't an effective way to spend training time. If you are new to a sport, take as much time as you need to get the basic movements done properly. ②_____
Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet.
Everyone should make a point of eating a diet that benefits their body. This is especially true if you want to be great at sports. ③_____ Base your diet on vegetables, leafy greens, lean proteins, and whole grains.
Set great goals for yourself.
This does not mean being unrealistic, or saying you're going to go professional within a year. ④_____ Give yourself a suitable amount of time to achieve your goal, and break it down into smaller parts if the goal is especially big.
⑤_____
Being good at sports means more than physical strength and speed. In order to be truly great, you need to apply positive attitude to the way you treat other players, even if they're on the other team. If you lose a match, accept the loss and show respect to other players for their victory.
A. Let yourself have fun.
B. Show good sportsmanship.
C. However, there are other things you need to think about.
D. It will make advanced skills a lot easier to grasp in the long run.
E. Eating junk food will work against whatever efforts you make in the gym.
F. If you stop practising, chances are that someone more determined will beat you.
G. Instead, you should take a look at what you are, and figure out where you'd like to be.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：playing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:他的背部受伤可能使他不能参加明天的比赛。分析句子结构可知,介词from后应用动词-ing形式作宾语,故此处填playing。 prevent sb. from doing sth.意为"阻止某人做某事",为固定搭配。故填playing。
2.答案：satisfaction
解析：考查名词。句意:完成一幅美丽的画总是给人满足感。空处作宾语,故填名词satisfaction。故填satisfaction。
3.答案：equipment
解析：考查词形转换。句意:这家新医院的设备花费了很多钱。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处作介词on的宾语,故应填名词。故填equipment。
4.答案： detailed
解析：句意为:该图表为读者提供了很多与这一话题相关的详细信息。设空处修饰名词information,作定语,结合句意可知,此处表示“详细的”,应用形容词。故填detailed。
5.答案：strengthening
解析：句意为:骑自行车是有益处的运动,它能增强全身的肌肉。逗号后的内容作伴随状语,Cycling与strengthen之间是逻辑上的主动关系,设空处应用现在分词形式。故填strengthening。
6.答案：prevention
解析：句意为:人们越来越认识到防止环境污染极其重要。分析句子可知,设空处在that引导的同位语从句中作主语,且被定冠词 the修饰,应用名词。prevent的名词形式为prevention,意为“预防;防止”,为不可数名词。故填prevention。
7.答案：relief
解析：考查名词。句意:没有人受伤,我们都松了一口气。分析句子结构可知,此处应用名词作介词of的宾语,故填relief"宽慰,轻松"。故填relief。
8.答案：to wear
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:主持人在节目最后向观众介绍了正确佩戴口罩的方法。the way to do sth.意为"做某事的方法",相当于the way of doing sth.。故填to wear。
9.答案：giving
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名医生,我接受过训练,因此我有能力在紧急情况下(给他人)进行急救。由空前的介词of可知,空处应填动词-ing形式。be capable of doing sth.意为"有能力做某事"。故填giving。
10.答案：strengthen
解析：考查词形转换。句意:西安市政府将加强对秦岭山脉的保护。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语,故应填动词strengthen。故填strengthen。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的For the study, researchers analysed data from nearly 8,000 people and found...可知,研究人员分析了近8,000人的资料,由此可推知,他们是通过研究资料得出结论的。故选A。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中卡梅尔 崔说的话可知,研究结果表明,就抑郁症而言,积极锻炼身体可能会消除基因导致患抑郁症的风险,平均每天额外进行约35分钟的体育活动可以帮助人们降低风险并预防抑郁症。故选B。
13.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文Depression is a common mental illness globally和下文effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible可知,此处强调抑郁症的普遍性,由此可猜测,ubiquitous意为“十分普遍的”,与common意义相近。故选D。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。综观全文,尤其是第一段可知,本文主要介绍了一项关于锻炼有助于减少和预防抑郁症的研究,由此可推知,本文的写作目的是介绍一项科学研究。故选B。
三、七选五
答案：CDEGB
解析：①设空处前一句指出,在体育运动方面获得成功需要技巧,而技巧需要耐心和决心;再根据下文中的you'll never go all the way unless you have the right attitude and team spirit to back it up可知,要想成功,除技巧之外你还需要考虑其他方面, C项(然而,还有其他方面需要你思考)符合语境。故选C。
②根据上文的 This isn't an effective way 及 take as much time as you need to get the basic movements done properly可知,急于求成不是有效的方式,应该尽可能多花时间正确地完成基本动作,熟悉了基本动作,才容易掌握高级的动作,D项(从长远来看,这将使高级技能更容易掌握)符合语境。故选D。
③本段的主题是健康、均衡的饮食,设空处前提到每个人都务必要吃对身体有益的食物,并介绍了健康饮食对运动的影响,E项(吃垃圾食品会使你在健身房所作的努力付之东流)呼应本段标题,符合语境。故选E。
④根据本段小标题Set great goals for yourself.和设空处前一句This does not mean being unrealistic, or saying you're going to go professional within a year.可知,为自己设立宏伟目标并不意味着不切实际,或者说你将在一年内成为专业人士。因此,本段主要介绍了要基于自己的客观情况清楚地知道自己想达到什么样的目标,G项(相反,你应该审视自己,弄清楚你想达到什么目标)符合语境。故选G。
⑤根据本部分中的you need to apply positive attitude to the way you treat other players及本部分最后一句可知,本段主要介绍了运动员要具备良好的体育精神,B项(展示出良好的体育精神)符合语境。故选B。Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson 1 The Underdog—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.One Friday, we _______(pack) to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.
2.When the plane _______(crash), there were more than 80 passengers on board and no one survived.
3.Each of us has the ability to put our unique human potential into action and to acquire a _______(desire) result.
4.Make way for the Lord Mayor, for the traffic is too _______(crowd).
5.I must admit that I have a preference for the novels _______(write) by Dickens.
6.What bothers me most is that he seems _______(show) no interest in his work.
7.Stop fooling around; somebody might get _______(hurt).
8.My neighbor is as _______(energy) as a young man and dislikes sitting around doing nothing all day.
9.Meanwhile, the number of people, who have access to their own cars，has increased _______(sharp) in recent years.
10.It is important for you to eat a healthy, _____(balance) diet during exam times to focus and do your best.
二、阅读理解
Years ago, I could not stick to exercising until I bought a CD called I Enjoy Exercise. I listened to it every day. I bought the CD because I wanted to run in a race and hopefully win!
I had promised my 10-year-old son Todd that I would run in a race with him. Unfortunately, however, when that race came about, his left leg was hurt in a car accident. Without him running with me, although I took part in that race, yet I didn’t do quite well in it.
While Todd couldn’t run together with me because of his injury, he never forgot the promise I made for him. He was always asking me whether I would keep my promise when he recovered in the future. So I decided I was going to train and go all out to win the next race. What I needed was motivation (动力). It happened that one of my friends mentioned the CD which he liked very much, saying that he got a lot from the music in it when feeling down. So I bought it and listened to it while exercising every day.
It was amazing what happened to my thinking as I listened to it daily. I started to think about the repeated words on the CD—“I enjoy exercise”. Instead of dreading exercise, I was thinking, “I enjoy exercise.”
I found out how important words are that we play in our minds every day. I went from a person who seldom exercised to someone who started to exercise daily. Just think how our lives will improve if we reflect on the uplifting and motivating words of the famous works. I have found the positive messages have greatly improved my thinking and then changed my life.
How did I do in that race, you might be thinking I actually won the gold medal in my age group.
11.Why did the author take part in the race by herself
A. She would like to win the race. B. She had a good talent for running.
C. Her son got injured in a car accident. D. Her son was unwilling to run with her.
12.How did the author get the motivation for training
A. By recalling some inspiring stories.
B. By listening to the CD while running.
C. By getting timely help from his friend.
D. By forcing herself into keeping running.
13.What does the underlined word “dreading” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Fearing. B. Improving. C. Preferring. D. Taking.
14.What message does the author intend to deliver to us
A. It’s important to avoid injury while running.
B. The motivating words make a difference to us.
C. Parents should get along well with children.
D. We can build up our bodies by regular exercise.
三、七选五
Sports day! These two words can inspire both joy and fear in the hearts of students everywhere. ①_____ And it's also the chance to bag a prize or two. For others, it might feel like having to take part in something they aren't good at.
Today, more and more schools have recognised the importance of exercise. Many of them have non-competitive sports days. They hope that by making sports days less competitive, children of all abilities will be encouraged to take part without fear of losing. Exercise and fitness are important for everyone, no matter how good at sport you are. ②_____
However, some people feel that it's important that sport should have winners and that learning to lose is just as important as learning how to win. ③_____ Particularly, on a sports day when this is your chance to really prove yourself!
④_____ According to a 2017 survey by Families Online, 82% of parents say they prefer “traditional” competitive sports days. Many adults feel that children can learn valuable lessons in both winning and losing. It's also an opportunity for some children to show off their physical and sporting skills.
People have different ideas about whether it is the winning or the taking part that counts when it comes to school sports days. ⑤_____ We want to know your ideas.
A. What's the point if no one wins
B. Should sport just be about winning
C. For many, the sports day can be a great day of fun.
D. So, should School Sports Day be competitive or not
E. Everyone should be celebrated for trying and playing their part.
F. There are lots of people who agree with the idea--parents in particular!
G. Many parents are worried that their kids can get injured when doing sports.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：were packing
解析： 考查时态。句意:一个星期五,我们正在收拾行李,准备动身去度周末,这时我的女儿突然听到求救声。be doing... when...示“正在做……,这时(突然)……”,是常用结构;根据句意可知,该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,用过去进行时。故填were packing。
2.答案：crashed
解析：考查时态。句意:飞机失事时,机上有八十多位乘客,无一幸免。根据该句中的were可知,该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。故填crashed。
3.答案：desired
解析：考查形容词。句意:我们每个人都有能力把我们独特的个人潜能付诸行动,并取得想要的结果。形容词修饰名词,设空处修饰名词result,故用形容词形式。故填desired。
4.答案：crowded
解析：考查形容词。句意:给市长大人让路,因为交通太拥挤了。根据设空处前的is可知,设空处作表语,故用形容词形式。故填crowded。
5.答案：written
解析：考查过去分词。句意:我必须承认我更喜欢狄更斯写的小说。novels和动词write之间为被动关系,故用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填written。
6.答案：to show
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:最让我厌烦的是他似乎对他的工作不感兴趣。seem to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“似乎做某事”。故填to show。
7.答案：hurt
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:别干蠢事了,会有人受伤的。get hurt为固定搭配,意为“受伤”。故填hurt。
8.答案：energetic
解析：考查形容词。句意:我的邻居和年轻人一样精力充沛,不喜欢整天闲坐着什么也不做。根据句子的后半部分"dislikes sitting around doing nothing all day"可知,此处表示“精力充沛的”;"as+adj.+as"为固定结构。故填energetic。
9.答案：sharply
解析：考查副词。句意:与此同时,拥有私家车的人数近几年快速增长。设空处修饰动词increased,故用副词形式。故填sharply。
10.答案： balanced
解析：句意为:考试期间饮食健康、均衡对你来说很重要,这能让你集中注意力并全力以赴。设空处与healthy并列,表示“均衡的”,应用形容词balanced修饰名词diet。故填balanced。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Unfortunately, however, when that race came about, his left leg was hurt in a car accident."(然而，不幸的是，当比赛开始时，他的左腿在一次车祸中受伤了。)可知作者的儿子在车祸中伤了左腿，不能参加跑步比赛了。故选C。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段It happened that one of my friends mentioned the CD which he liked very much, saying that he got a lot from the music in it when feeling down. So I bought it and listened to it while exercising every day.(碰巧我的一个朋友提到了他非常喜欢的CD,他说当他情绪低落的时候，从里面的音乐中得到了很多。所以我买了它，每天锻炼的时候听。)，以及第四段I started to think about the repeated words on the CD—"I enjoy exercise". Instead of dreading exercise, I was thinking, "I enjoy exercise."(我开始思考CD上重复的话—我喜欢锻炼。我不再害怕运动,而是想着我喜欢运动。),可知作者从这张朋友介绍的CD里获得了运动的动力。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据文章第四段Instead of dreading exercise, I was thinking. "I enjoy exercise."(我不再害怕运动，而是想着，我喜欢运动。),该句中有表示替代关系的介词短语instead of,其表示和后面的句子I was thinking, "I enjoy exercise."之间有替代关系，也就是和enjoy(享受)表达相反的意思。所以此处dread理解成害怕最合适。故选A。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段I found out how important words are that we play in our minds every day.(我发现我们每天都在脑海中回响的文字是多么重要。)以及Just think how our lives will improve if we reflect on the uplifting and motivating words of the famous works.(大胆想想,如果我们反思这些著名作品中振奋人心的话语，我们的生活将会改善成何种模样。)可知作者通过这件事想要告诉我们振奋人心的话语能产生很大的影响。故选B。
三、七选五
答案：CEAFD
解析：①前文These two words can inspire both joy and fear in the hearts of students everywhere.提到了学生喜欢运动会和恐惧运动会这两种情况;后文For others, it might feel like having to take part in something they aren’t good at.讲述了学生恐惧运动会的情况,所以设空处应提到学生喜欢运动会的情况。C项(对许多学生来说,运动会那天是充满乐趣的一天)中的For many与空后的 For others 相呼应,故C项符合语境。故选C。
②由上文They hope that by making sports days less competitive, children of all abilities will be encouraged to take part without fear of losing. Exercise and fitness are important for everyone, no matter how good at sport you are.可知,上文讲述竞争性不太强的运动会让所有孩子不必担心失败,尽情地参与,这是它的益处,E项(每个人都应该因作出努力和发挥自己的作用而受到费扬)承接上文,讲述竞争性不太强的运动会给孩子带来的益处。故选E。
③设空处上下文讲述了赢的重要性,A项(如果没有人贏,那又有什么意义 )体现了支持运动会有必要设置输赢规则的人对赢的看重。故选A。
④由设空处位置可知,设空处起到引领全段的作用,是对本段的高度概括。根据后文可知,本段是在讲述大部分人都同意上文提到的观点,即设置输赢的重要性,特别是父母。故选F。
⑤根据后文We want to know your ideas.可推断,设空处应是提了一个问题,此处才会说想知道你的想法;再根据空前一句可知,本段主要是在讨论在学校运动会中是赢重要还是参与重要,所以应该是对此进行提问。故选D。Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson 2 Rules of the Game—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.The traffic police prohibit cyclists from _________(ride) on the sidewalk.
2.We were ________ (disappoint) to find the museum closed.
3.It's the duty for every soldier ________(defend) our country against enemies.
4.If you have any problems downloading the _____(apply) form, please contact us.
5.Defaulters (违约者) are prohibited from ______(take) the airplane.
6._____(occupy) with housework, she has no time to deal with the piles of documents.
7.The secret to his success is dealing with ______(disappoint) and failure bravely.
8.It was ________(announce) that new speed restrictions would be introduced.
9.If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of ________(amaze) depth and variety.
10.Consumers generally place more weight on negative information than on the positive when ________(decide) what to buy.
二、阅读理解
At the FIFA World Cup in Qatar, you might notice this scene at the beginning of each game: As the soccer players lined up ready to walk onto the field, they took the hand of a smiling and excited child next to them and walked out with them hand in hand.
The practice of sending children out with the players first took place from time to time throughout the 1990s. One child, also called a player escort, would accompany a team out at the beginning of an important game. From the year 2000 onwards, this custom started happening much more regularly. The Euro 2000 Championships was one of the first major soccer tournaments (锦标赛) where children were seen walking out with the players. But it was the 2002 FIFA World Cup where it really became popular. At this tournament, children were intentionally promoted at games. One of the most prominent ways this happened was by pairing up each player with a child as they walked out onto the soccer field. From then on, it has become commonplace around the world for children to walk out with the players.
Ultimately soccer players walk out with a child because their club requires them to. It is in the interest of the soccer club to do this as it has potential benefits for both the child and the honour of the club. Soccer is a game that is loved by children throughout the world. Many would jump at the chance to have a taste of a real game in person. It's also a chance for soccer clubs to make money. Most clubs have some sort of programme where it's possible to buy the experience of being a player escort. In England, it can be extremely expensive. A few years ago it was reported that some clubs were charging almost $800 per child to be a player escort!
11.Why does the author mention the scene in the FIFA World Cup in Qatar
A. To introduce a pregame tradition.
B. To appreciate the children.
C. To show the charm of football players.
D. To stress the importance of the FIFA World Cup.
12.What does the second paragraph mainly deal with about the practice
A. Its popularity. B. Its success. C. Its hardships. D. Its development.
13.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word "prominent" in paragraph 2
A. Effective. B. Noticeable. C. Proper. D. Difficult.
14.What benefit can the player escorts gain from the practice
A. They can make much money.
B. They can gain a great potential chance to be famous.
C. They are more likely to be chosen by their favourite clubs.
D. They are lucky enough to experience a real game by themselves.
三、七选五
Benefits of Sports
Doing sports is a physical, mental and social adventure. It's a great way for children to take a break from studies and release extra energy. It also helps them lead fuller and happier lives as regular sports have been proven beneficial to overall well-being.
The physical benefits of doing sports are probably the most obvious. Regardless of your fitness level when you start playing sports, you'll notice an increase in your overall fitness once you're involved. ①_________ Basketball players focus on strength training; football players work on speed while track athletes train through longer runs. The training process helps promote physical fitness and performances in competitions.
②_________ Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth. A pat on the back, a high five (举手击掌) from a teammate, or a handshake after a match really boosts a child's confidence. Words of praise and encouragement from the coach, parents and other players raise the self-worth. ③_________ So after a game, it's a better idea to ask "Did you enjoy the game " rather than "Did you win "
Children who participate in sports might also benefit from the social aspect, feeling part of a group, building up responsibility and leadership. ④_________ Teamwork involves both being dependable as a teammate and learning to rely on your teammates to achieve a positive outcome. Teamwork breeds responsibility and challenges you to be responsible for your actions. Being part of a team gives you an opportunity to be a leader.
Discipline is another social advantage. Most organized sports require a strict training and practice schedule. As a student-athlete, you need to balance studies and athletics. ⑤_________
There is no shortage of reasons to find a sport to get involved in. Are you ready to go Pick one and get moving!
A. It's not just your body that benefits from sports.
B. Therefore, playing sports is going to make you more fit.
C. But remember, a child's self-worth should not be distinguished by victory or loss.
D. If you play group sports, you'll be part of a team that takes direction from a coach.
E. Nearly every sport requires physical activities and the competitive skills.
F. Among these, learning how to function as part of a team is the most important advantage.
G. Only with strict discipline can you be successful both in the classroom and in the sports field.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：riding
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:交警禁止骑自行车的人在人行道上骑行。prohibit sb. from doing sth.是固定搭配,意思是"禁止某人做某事"。故填riding。
2.答案：disappointed
解析：考查词性转换。句意:发现博物馆已经关门了,我们感到很沮丧。根据be动词were可知,设空处作表语,故用形容词形式。故填disappointed。
3.答案：to defend
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:保卫祖国抵御敌人是每个土兵的职责。It is the duty for sb. to do sth.为固定搭配。故填to defend。
4.答案：application
解析：句意为:如果下载申请表有任何困难,请和我们联系。application form意为“申请表”。故填application。
5.答案：taking
解析：句意为:违约者被禁止乘坐飞机。prohibit sb from doing sth为固定短语,意为“禁止某人做某事”,此处为其被动形式。故填taking。
6.答案：Occupied
解析：句意为:因为忙于家务,她没有时间处理成堆的文件。be occupied with sth意为“忙于某事”,此处作状语,表状态。故填Occupied。
7.答案：disappointment
解析：句意为:他成功的秘诀是勇敢地面对失望和失败。设空处与failure并列,作dealing with的宾语,应用名词。此处作抽象名词。故填disappointment。
8.答案：announced
解析：考查固定句型。句意:据宣布,将有新的限速规定出台。It is/was announced that...为固定句型,意为“据宣布……”。故填announced。
9.答案：amazing
解析：考查形容词。句意:如果你来访问中国,你会体验到一种具有惊人的深度和广度的文化。形容词修饰名词,设空处修饰名词depth和variety,故用形容词形式。故填amazing。
10.答案：deciding
解析： 考查状语从句的省略。句意：消费者在决定购买东西的时候，一般更看重负面信息而不是正面信息。此处为状语从句的省略，decide与Consumers之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式，该从句补全为when they are deciding what to buy。故填deciding。
二、阅读理解
11.答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,第一段提到卡塔尔世界杯上的一个场景:每场比赛前,足球运动员会拉着一个面带微笑、心情激动的孩子的手走上球场;且下文具体介绍了这一惯例的起源及发展过程。由此推知,作者提到卡塔尔世界杯上的这一场景是为了介绍一项赛前传统。故选A。
12.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段中的The practice of sending children out with the players first took place from time to time throughout the 1990s.、From the year 2000 onwards. But it was the 2002 FIFA World Cup以及From then on可知,第二段主要按照时间顺序介绍了这个惯例的发展过程。故选D。
13.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的At this tournament, children were intentionally promoted at games.可知,在2002年的国际足联世界杯上,孩子们的出场被有意推动,之后才真正流行起来。由此可知,当每个球员走上足球场时,将他们与一个孩子组对是其中一个最显著的方式。noticeable意为“显著的”,与画线单词同义。故选B。
14.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的It is in the interest of the soccer club to do this as it has potential benefits for both the child and the honour of the club. Soccer is a game that is loved by children throughout the world. Many would jump at the chance to have a taste of a real game in person.可知,,这一惯例对孩子有潜在的好处,它可以给孩子一个亲自体验一场真正的足球比赛的机会。由此可知,这一惯例对球童的好处是他们很幸运,能够亲身体验一场真正的比赛。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：EACFG
解析： ①根据后一句Basketball players focus on strength training; football players work on speed while track athletes train through longer runs.可知,篮球运动员注重力量训练,足球运动员注重速度训练,而田径运动员则通过长跑训练,所以可推知几乎每一项运动都需要体力活动和具有竞争力的技能。故选E。
②这里为段落主题句。根据后一句Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth.可知,运动有助于心理健康,有助于增强自信和自我价值,故从运动中受益的不仅仅是你的身体。故选A。
③C项中的self-worth是前一句中的原词复现,且victory or loss与后一句中的"Did you win "呼应,因此C项符合语境。故选C。
④根据前一句Children who participate in sports might also benefit from the social aspect, feeling part of a group, building up responsibility and leadership.(参加体育运动的孩子也可能从社交方面受益,感觉自己是群体的一部分,建立责任感和领导力。)和后一句Teamwork involves both being dependable as a teammate and learning to rely on your teammates to achieve a positive outcome.(团队合作既包括当一个可靠的队友,又包括学会依靠你的队友来取得一个积极的结果。)可知,设空处应承上启下,F项"其中,学习作为团队的一员如何发挥作用是最重要的好处"符合语境。故选F。
⑤根据前文Discipline is another social advantage. Most organized sports require a strict training and practice schedule.可知本段主要介绍与纪律相关的内容,这里对本段进行总结,只有遵守严格的纪律,你才能在课堂上和运动场上都取得成功。故选G。Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Writing Workshop—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.I stopped walking because I heard a song I used _______ (hear), a long time ago.
2.His company offers a _______(flexibility) packaging service for the food industry.
3.I don't know who invented the iPhone, but I think it is a _______ (use)invention.
4.Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade, _____(be) not able to solve the problem now.
5.Thousands of _____(cycle) have taken part in this international competition.
6.The host introduced the proper way ________(wear) a mask to the audience at the end of the programme.
7.No one was hurt, and we all breathed a sigh of _______(relieve).
8.Finishing a beautiful painting always gives one ________(satisfy).
9.I have been trained as a doctor, so I am capable of _______(give) first aid in an emergency.
10.The government of Xi'an will ________(strength) the protection of the Qinling Mountains.
二、阅读理解
Children are often exposed to diet culture from a young age and its negative impacts can be long-lasting, according to Virginia Sole-Smith, author of a new book titled Fat Talk: Parenting in the Age of Diet Culture.
"Kids, at a very young age, start to become aware of body shaming," Sole-Smith said. "The main factors of children's future eating disorder (饮食失调) are kids' being ashamed of their weight and their history of dieting in childhood."
In Fat Talk, Sole-Smith argues that one way parents can fight back against this is to take a fresh look at the word "fat". "We can understand 'fat' as just a neutral body descriptor, just like saying tall or short or brown hair, black hair..." Sole-Smith said. "If your child in a bigger body comes to you, and he says, 'Am I fat ' you should be honest with him and say, 'You're fat.' And there's definitely nothing wrong with that. We love your body just the way it is."
Another suggestion from Sole-Smith is for parents to change conversations with and in front of children at home. "We can say I'm not going to feel ashamed of my body in front of my kids and I'm going to celebrate bodies in all shapes and sizes," Sole-Smith recommended. Simmons, a parenting expert, added, "So if you have a child who's in a bigger body, talk about their strengths," Simmons continued. "Helping our children concentrate on how our bodies work, how they allow us to achieve our goals... these are things we can remind our kids about every single day."
Often, diet conversations about size can be unavoidable for children, but Simmons said parents can act as a shield between children and some of the most harmful messages behind diet culture. But as children grow older, Simmons encourages parents to be honest with kids about their own struggles and not to pretend they know everything and that kids know nothing about diet culture.
11.What might contribute to children's future eating disorder
A. Body shape and peer pressure. B. Body image and parenting style.
C. Body change and food preference. D. Body shaming and dieting experience.
12.What can be learnt from paragraph 3
A. Parents should teach their kids honesty.
B. Kids should take pride in being overweight.
C. Parents should give "fat" a positive definition.
D. Kids should make peace with their body image.
13.What should kids focus on according to Simmons
A. Their body functions. B. Their individual characters.
C. Their physical appearance. D. Their career achievements.
14.What does the underlined word "shield" in the last paragraph mean
A. Tutor. B. Supporter. C. Protector. D. Connector.
三、七选五
Guidelines for Family Meetings
One good way to build cooperation among everyone in a family is to have a regular family meeting. Getting into the habit of family meetings takes time. Making the meetings work takes effort. ①_____
Meet at a regular time. A regular time might be once a week. Plan to have the meeting last from twenty minutes to an hour.
Make a list of topics. Some people call this list of topics an agenda. Post it on the refrigerator. Then people can add to it during the days before the meeting. ②_____
③_____ The leader reads the meeting list and keeps things on track. Still, letting each person in the family have a chance to lead is important. Younger children will need help to do this.
Take notes. Write down the agreements and plans made in the meeting. These written notes are the minutes. Take turns doing the job of note-taking. ④_____ Some families put them on the refrigerator near the next meeting's agenda. Ask teens and older children to read the notes to younger children who don't read yet.
Take time for fun. Meetings are a good way to solve problems. ⑤_____ To add fun to meetings, talk about good things. Thank each person for some help given during the week. Ask each person to do the same. Ask people to talk about what is good for them right now. This sets a positive tone. It also teaches your children to encourage other people—and themselves.
A. Take turns being the leader.
B. But that's not all they are for.
C. Here are some ideas to help you.
D. Some people wonder if a family meeting is worth the effort.
E. Find a place to post the notes so that everyone can read them.
F. This rule applies to parents as well as teens and younger children.
G. This helps you deal with the things that are important to each person in the family.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：to hear
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:我停止了走路,因为我听到了一首很久以前经常听的歌。used to do sth.为固定用法,意为“过去常常做某事”。故填to hear。
2.答案：flexible
解析：考查形容词。句意:他的公司为食品工业提供灵活的包装服务。设空处修饰名词短语packaging service,故用形容词形式。故填flexible。
3.答案：useful
解析：考查形容词。句意:我不知道是谁发明了iPhone,但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。形容词修饰名词,空处修饰invention,故用形容词形式。故填useful。
4.答案：is
解析：句意为:不只是我和你,还有我们年级最优秀的学生彼得现在都不能解出这道题。not only...but also...连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数与邻近的主语保持一致,所以此处谓语动词的数应和Peter保持一致,故应用单数形式。根据now可知,应用一般现在时。故填is。
5.答案：cyclists
解析：句意为:成千上万的自行车选手参加了这项国际比赛。设空处在句中作主语,其前有Thousands of,应用名词复数。故填cyclists。
6.答案：to wear
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:主持人在节目最后向观众介绍了正确佩戴口罩的方法。the way to do sth.意为"做某事的方法",相当于the way of doing sth.。故填to wear。
7.答案：relief
解析：考查名词。句意:没有人受伤,我们都松了一口气。分析句子结构可知,此处应用名词作介词of的宾语,故填relief"宽慰,轻松"。故填relief。
8.答案：satisfaction
解析：考查名词。句意:完成一幅美丽的画总是给人满足感。空处作宾语,故填名词。故填satisfaction。
9.答案：giving
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名医生,我接受过训练,因此我有能力在紧急情况下(给他人)进行急救。由空前的介词of可知,空处应填动词-ing形式。be capable of doing sth.意为"有能力做某事"。故填giving。
10.答案：strengthen
解析：考查词形转换。句意:西安市政府将加强对秦岭山脉的保护。分析句子结构可知,空处作谓语,故应填动词。故填strengthen。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The main factors of children's future eating disorder are kids’ being ashamed of their weight and their history of dieting in childhood.可知,身体羞耻和节食经历可能导致孩子未来的饮食失调。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 Sole-Smith argues that one way parents can fight back against this is to take a fresh look at the word "fat", We can understand 'fat' as just a neutral body descriptor及We love your body just the way it is.可知,父母应该重新审视“肥胖”这个词,给它一个正面的定义。故选C。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Helping our children concentrate on how our bodies work, how they allow us to achieve our goals...these are things we can remind our kids about every single day."可知,西蒙斯认为,孩子们应该关注身体如何工作,让自己实现目标,即孩子们应该关注的是身体功能。故选A。
14.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段内容可知,关于体型的对话不可避免,但是父母可以让孩子尽量远离饮食文化背后的有害信息,当孩子们长大了,再对孩子们坦诚相待,由此可知父母起到屏障的作用。由此可猜测,画线词的意思是“屏障”,与 protector意义相近。故选C。
三、七选五
答案：CGAEB
解析：①上文提到养成开家庭会议的习惯需要时间,让会议发挥作用也要付出努力。下文主要介绍了几个如何举行家庭会议的建议,由此可知设空处应起到承上启下的作用。C项(以下是一些可以帮助你的想法)符合语境。故选C。
②根据空前内容可知,本段主要介绍要列出一份议题清单,并把它贴在冰箱上,这样人们就可以在会议前几天对其进行补充。分析各选项可知,G项(这有助于你处理对家庭中每个人都很重要的事情)承接上文,选项中的This即为空前两句所述的内容,且each person in the family呼应上文内容,即把议题清单贴在冰箱上,家里每个人都可以补充这份清单,所以开会时就可以处理对家庭中每个人都很重要的事情。故选G。
③分析文章结构可知,设空处为本段的主旨句,概括本段内容;由空后内容可知,本段主要讲每个人都应该有机会来做负责人,主持家庭会议。A项(轮流当负责人)符合本段大意,有对下文的总括作用,其中the leader也与下文内容对应。故选A。
④空前讲到要对会议内容做笔记,空后提到有些家庭会把会议达成的协议和计划贴在冰箱上,故设空处应提到关于笔记应放在哪里的内容,E项(找个地方张贴笔记,这样每个人都可以阅读)符合语境,引出下文,其中 a place与下文on the refrigerator 对应,空后的them指代该选项中的the notes。故选E。
⑤空前提到开会是解决问题的好方法,空后则讲到几种可以给会议定下一个轻松积极的基调的方法,同时这也能够教育孩子鼓励自己和身边的人。由此可知,B项(但这并不是它们的全部作用)能够承上启下。其中they指代上文中的Meetings, But则表示转折,引出本段的主旨一会议中应加入乐趣。故选B。
