Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger Developing ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、语法填空
1.The effort he____________ (contribute) in the past years to helping the disabled is now considered to be of great value.
2.The purposes of exercising are____________ (avoid)illness and reduce mental tiredness.
3.It is worthwhile____________ ( carry) out research on ancient Chinese buildings and make full use of them to react to floodwaters.
4.Defoe ____________ (vivid) described the adventures of Robinson Crusoe on a desert island.
5.A major new talent has burst ____________the literary scene.
6.The environmental challenges are significant but the permanent efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying ____________.
7. ____________ (surgery) were the main mode of treatment for these conditions.
8.Students will work in groups to complete four ____________ (assign) during the course.
9.The athlete's years of hard training paid ____________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
10.With a label ____________ (attach)to each piece of luggage, it is easy for passengers to recognize their own luggage.
二、阅读理解
If we jump in the air as high as possible, we can stay off the ground for about half a second. Michael Jordan could stay airborne for almost one second while ski jumpers are able to do that for five to seven seconds as they travel about the length of a football field through the air. So how do they do this
Three major concepts from physics are at play in the ski jump: gravity, lift and drag. Gravity pulls any object in flight down toward the ground and there is nothing athletes can do to lessen its effect. But athletes also interact with the air as they move. It is this interaction that can produce lift, an upwards force produced by air pushing on an object. If the force produced from lift roughly balances the force of gravity, the object can fly. The same interaction also produces drag. It resists the forward motion of any object and slows it down.
In the ski jump, jumpers start high up on a slope and then skidownhill to generate speed. Just before they reach the end of the slope, they jump. Once jumpers are in the air, the fun physics begins. They use careful body positioning to maximize lift while/minimizing drag. To do this, they adjust their skis and body nearly parallel(平行的) to the ground and place their skis in a V-shape just outside the form of the body. This position increases the surface area that generates lift and puts them in the ideal angle of attack that will also maximize lift. As drag reduces the speed of the jumpers, lift decreases and gravity continues to pull on them. They will begin to fall faster and faster until they land.
As you tune into the Olympics to wonder at the physical power of the athletes, take a moment to consider also their mastery of the concepts of physics.
11.What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. Staying longer in the air. B. Traveling forward slower.
C. Falling down the hill faster. D. Jumping higher than average.
12.How can ski jumpers fly in the air according to Paragraph 2
A. They make use of the interaction with air.
B. They get more forces of gravity than lift.
C. They keep a good balance while skiing.
D. They get rid of the effect of gravity.
13.What does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss about the ski jump
A. Its training equipment. B. Its safety guidelines.
C. Its major concepts. D. Its basic routine.
14.What may be the best title for the text
A. Ski jumpers flying in the sky B. Falling or flying is your choice
C. Physics： as difficult as imagined D. Ski jump booming in the Olympics
三、七选五
Hobbies play an important role in our life. Most people have a lot of free time available but seldom use it gainfully. ① _____There are many hobbies from which you can pick and you can choose one that suits your talents.
Once you have decided to start a hobby, it will be wise to go through a list of popular hobbies and choose one that is close to your heart and can make you feel confident. Some of the most popular hobbies that people generally take to are reading, listening to music, gardening, fishing, sports and computer- related activities. Each of these hobbies can give you great benefits. ②_____
Learning a new hobby is really a wonderful experience. As you progress, you will be living in a new world and learning new skills. You will begin to discover your hidden talents that you didn't know. You will start reading more about your hobby, meeting other hobbyists with similar interests, exchanging views and building friend circles both near and far. ③_____ In these games you will get the opportunity to meet others on a regular basis and develop great relationship.
④_____ They can help you keep good health. On the other hand, if you are young and take a great interest in sports, you can develop your skills and finally get financially rewarded too. Similarly, gardening provides the hobbyist with enjoyable pastime and opportunity for relaxation. At the same time they get the rewards of their labor.
People take up hobbies for interest, enjoyment and relaxation. Over a period of time, you might develop outstanding skills and get financially rewarded. ⑤_____
A.This will change when you play games like golf, basketball or tennis.
B.Once you start, you seldom think of giving it up.
C.Physical hobbies like sports and gardening can be very rewarding.
D.This will be more so if you take up games like golf, basketball or tennis.
E.Most importantly, the main aim of having a hobby is for personal satisfaction.
F.They would rather chat with their friends than use their talents and start a hobby.
G.Although these hobbies can benefit you a lot, you may not keep them forever.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：has contributed
解析：考查时态。句意:他在过去几年里为帮助残疾人所贡献的精力现在被认为是非常有价值的。根据" in the past years"和句意可知,此处应用现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
2.答案：to avoid
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:锻炼的目的是避免生病和减少精神上的疲劳。purpose作主语时后常跟动词不定式作表语。
3.答案：to carry
解析：考查worthwhile 的用法。句意:对中国古代建筑进行研究并充分利用它们来应对洪水是值得他上的。It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.是固定用法,意为"做某事是值得的"。本句中 and连接两个并列成分,由后面的make full use of 可知,空处应填 to carry。
4.答案：vividly
解析：句意:笛福生动地描述了鲁滨逊·克鲁索在荒岛上的冒险故事。described是动词,应用副词修饰。
5.答案：onto
解析：句意:文坛突然冒出一位重要的新秀。根据句意可知,表示“突然出现在……”,应该用burst onto。
6.答案：off
解析：句意:环境挑战是有意义的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所作的长久努力似乎正在取得成效。pay off是固定短语,意为“取得成功;奏效”。
7.答案：Surgeries
解析：句意:对于这些疾病主要的治疗方式是手术。由空后的were可知,surgery应用复数。
8.答案：Assignments
解析：句意:学生们将分组工作去完成本课程的四项作业。four是数词,其后加名词,且应用复数。
9.答案：off
解析：句意:当这名运动员最后夺得奥运金牌的时候, 她多年的刻苦训练得到了回报。考查动词词组。pay off(尤指冒风险的政策、做法等)带来好结果,成功,行得通,得到回报。
10.答案：attached
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:每件行李上都贴上了标签,乘客辨认自己的行李就容易了。该题考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，逻辑主语a label和attach之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填attached。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：代词指代题。 根据第一段“If we jump in the air as high as possible, we can stay off the ground for about half a second. Michael Jordan could stay airborne for almost one second while ski jumpers are able to do that for five to seven seconds as they travel about the length of a football field through the air. So how do they do this ”(如果我们跳到尽可能高的空中，我们可以离开地面大约半秒钟。迈克尔乔丹可以在空中停留将近一秒钟，而滑雪运动员在空中飞行大约一个足球场的长度时，可以停留五到七秒钟，那么他们是如何做到这一点的呢 )可知，this指代的是上文提到的情况，即“迈克尔·乔丹可以在空中停留将近一秒钟，而滑雪运动员在空中飞行大约一个足球场的长度时，可以停留五到七秒钟。”，所以this指的是迈克尔·乔丹和滑雪运动员在空中比我们停留更长时间。故选A项。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段“But athletes also interact with the air as they move. It is this interaction that can produce lift, an upwards force produced by air pushing on an object. If the force produced from lift roughly balances the force of gravity, the object can fly.”（但运动员在运动时也会与空气相互作用，正是这种相互作用可以产生升力，即空气推动物体产生的向上的力。如果升力与重力大致平衡，物体就可以飞行。）可知，滑雪运动员是利用与空气的相互作用在空中飞行。故选A项。
13.答案：D
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段“In the ski jump, jumpers start high up on a slope and then ski downhill to generate speed. Just before they reach the end of the slope, they jump. Once jumpers are in the air, the fun physics begins. They use careful body positioning to maximize lift while/minimizing drag. To do this, they adjust their skis and body nearly parallel to the ground and place their skis in a V-shape just outside the form of the body. This position increases the surface area that generates lift and puts the m in the ideal angle of attack that will also maximize lift. As drag reduces the speed of the jumpers, lift decreases and gravity continues to pull on them. They will begin to fall faster and faster until they land.”(在跳台滑雪中，滑雪运动员从斜坡上的高处开始，然后滑下山以产生速度。就在他们到达斜坡尽头之前，他们跳了起来，一旦滑雪运动员在空中，有趣的物理开始了。他们使用谨慎的身体定位来最大限度地提升，同时最小化阻力。为了做到这一点，他们调整他们的滑雪板和身体几乎平行于地面，并把他们的滑雪板放在身体外部的V形。这个位置增加了产生升力的表面积，并使它们处于理想的角度，从而使升力最大化。当阻力降低跳投者的速度时，升力降低，重力继续拉着跳投者。它们会越来越快地下落，直到着陆。)可知，这段主要讨论的是跳台滑雪的基本步骤。故选D项。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。 根据第二段中“Three major concepts from physics are at play in the ski jump: gravity, lift and drag(在跳台滑雪中有三个主要的物理概念：重力，升力和阻力)”结合文章主要讲述了滑雪运动员是如何在空中飞行及其基本步骤。A选项“跳台滑雪运动员在天空中飞翔”最符合文章标题。故选A项。
三、七选五
答案：①-② FBDCE
解析：①考查上下文理解与判断能力。根据上文中的"Most people have a lot of free time available but seldom use it gainfully.（大多数人都有很多空闲时间，但很少有效地利用它）"，结合语意可知F项中的they和前文中的most people相呼应，talents和hobby也与下文中的talents和hobbies相呼应，故选择F。
②考查归纳理解与判断能力。第二段的第一句中的Once you have decided to start a hobby与B选项中的Once you start相呼应，再结合"Each of these hobbies can give you great benefits."可知每个兴趣爱好都能给你带来好处，所以只要你开始，你就很少会考虑放弃，故B选项正确。
③考查上下文理解与判断能力。根据前文内容"You will start reading more about your hobby, meeting other hobbyists with similar interests, exchanging views and building friend circles both near and far."可知你可以阅读更多关于你的爱好的书籍，与其他有类似兴趣的爱好者见面，交流意见，建立远近的朋友圈。D选项（如果你参加高尔夫、篮球或网球等运动，你将获得更多）中的this指代前文，且下文的these games和选项中的golf，basketball or tennis相呼应，故D项正确。
④考查归纳理解与判断能力。空格处是段落的主旨句。根据下文内容"They can help you keep good health.（它们可以帮助你保持健康）"可知they指代前文，C选项中的physical hobbies与其相呼应，keep good health和C选项中的rewarding（报答的；有益的）相呼应，故C选项正确。
⑤考查归纳理解与判断能力。根据最后一段的主旨句"People take up hobbies for interest, enjoyment and relaxation."可知最后一段表达人们选择爱好的目的，所以E选项中的the main aim与主旨相呼应。Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger Using language—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、翻译句子
1. 运动员保持最佳状态的方法包括均衡饮食、规律锻炼及充足休息。(approach, maintain)
_________________________________________________________________________
2. 这家商店在春节期间提供折扣以吸引更多顾客。(discount, so as to)
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3. 老师用了一系列例子来阐明这条语法规则, 增强了我们的理解。(series, illustrate)
_________________________________________________________________________
4. 你务必牢记缺乏维生素和不经常锻炼会使你生病。(bear)
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5. 乘公共汽车上学通常要花我10分钟时间。
_________________________________________________________________________
6. 和传统学校教育相比，网上学习可以随时随地发生。(过去分词)
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7. 阅读英文小说是我业余时间中最愉快的事。(-ing作主语)
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8. It is no use arguing with him about it.
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9. 我们强烈鼓励所有青少年遵从这些生活方式的建议，因为好好生活是最健康、最有效的强身健体方式。(动名词作主语)
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10. 虽然我不支持你，但是我不会阻止你去做你喜欢的事情。（keep…from doing)
_________________________________________________________________________
二、阅读理解
In November 2020, Stephanie Morton announced her retirement. The then 29-year-old athlete's exit was a blow to the Australian Olympic program. “This decision wasn't made lightly. Eight months ago, I had such an idea, and thankfully I had the support of the Australian Cycling Team throughout the whole process, along with my family and close friends,” said Morton.
Born in Adelaide, Morton stood out as an athlete throughout her childhood even though in a different sport. She grew up in a badminton-mad family. Her father coached the South Australian team, and her mother was its manager. It just so happened that when Morton was 15, her uncle suggested she test her power output on an exercise bike. “I always say cycling picked me. I didn't pick cycling,” Morton said.
Morton joined the national program midway through the reign(任期)of Anna Meares, who won a medal at every Olympics between 2004 and 2016. It was an unusual relationship—Meares was Morton's coach, teammate and opponent.
In 2010 Morton took on the role as Tandem Pilot for the cyclist Felicity Johnson, with the combination winning three world titles across 2011 and 2012, followed by one gold medal at the London 2012 Paralympic Games. In 2014, Morton beat Meares for the first time at the national track championships. The same year, Morton won one gold medal and one silver medal at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. But it was after the 2016 Rio Olympics, a disappointing overall campaign for the Australian track team, that Morton really began to shine. Two silver medals at the 2017 World Champions were followed by three gold medals at the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
Compared with the number of deaths from the global epidemic, the retirement of an athlete might not seem significant. For Morton, the next stage of her life now begins. The cyclist has studied criminal justice part-time throughout her cycling career and has previously shown an intention to join the police. Morton said, “I want to be an active and positive role model.”
11.What do we know about Morton's decision of retirement
A.It gave her friends a big surprise.
B.It was made after careful consideration.
C.It met with relief from her team.
D.It was made mainly because of her injuries.
12.What can we learn about young Morton from Paragraph 2
A.She had strong desire to be a cyclist.
B.She received strict training in ball games.
C.She tried different sports and decided on cycling.
D.She showed great talent as an athlete when she was young.
13.When did Morton's career as an athlete take off
A.After the 2016 Rio Olympics.
B.In 2014 when she first beat Meares.
C.At the London 2012 Paralympic Games.
D.At the 2018 Commonwealth Games.
14.What can we infer about Morton from the last paragraph
A.She is in trouble.
B.She likes following suit.
C.She has a clear life goal.
D.She is under extra pressure.
三、七选五
How to keep screens from ruining your vision
Laboratory studies have shown that prolonged exposure to high-intensity blue light damages retinal (视网膜的) cells in mice. But epidemiological (流行病学的) studies on real people tell a different story.
So, ①_______ Human eyes are different from rodent (啮齿动物) eyes. We have protective elements, such as macular pigments and the natural blue-blocking ability of the crystalline lens (晶状体). ②_______ Just because blue light isn't harming your retina doesn't mean your electronic devices are harmless. Because of its wavelength, blue light does disrupt healthy sleep physiology. Mounting evidence suggests that ③_______ It also robs you of restorative rapid-eye-movement sleep, dulls focus, and diminishes brain activity the next day.
④_______ First, turn off your electronic devices before bed. Outside of the bedroom, when you do look at your screens, lower the brightness. Second, follow the “20-20-20” rule. The American Optometric Association defines this rule as taking a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet in the distance. This will allow your eyes to blink and relax. Third, ⑤_______ This way will reinforce the body's natural tears and keep the eye's surface hydrated.
A.why does it damage our human retinal cells
B.These structures absorb blue light before it reaches the delicate retina.
C.why is there difference between blue light's effects on rodent eyes and human eyes
D.screen time before bed increases the time it takes to fall asleep.
E.There are ways to make your screen viewing more comfortable and more conducive to sleep.
F.use lubricating eye drops before extended computer use.
G.we should decrease screen time before bed.
答案以及解析
一、翻译句子
1.答案：The athlete's approach to maintaining top form includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and enough rest.
2.答案：The store offers discounts during the Spring Festival so as to attract more customers.
3.答案：The teacher used a series of examples to illustrate the grammar rule, strengthening our understanding.
4.答案：You must bear in mind that lack of vitamin and not exercising regularly will lead to/cause/result in illness.
5.答案：Going to school by bus usually takes me 10 minutes.
6.答案：Compared with traditional schooling, learning online can happen anytime and anywhere.
7.答案：Reading English novels is the most enjoyable thing in my spare time.
8.答案：和他争论此事是无用的。
9.答案：We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips, because living well is the safest and most effective way to get into shape.
10.答案：Although I don't support you, I won't keep you from doing things you like.
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中This decision wasn't made lightly. Eight months ago, I had such an idea可知,莫顿的退役是经过深思熟虑之后做出的决定,故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中Born in Adelaide, Morton stood out as an athlete throughout her childhood even though in a different sport.可知,莫顿小的时候就表现出很有运动员的才能,故选D项。根据第二段中I always say cycling picked me. I didn't pick cycling(我总是说骑自行车运动选了我。我没有选择骑自行车运动)可知,A项(她很想成为一名自行车手。)错误;B项(她接受了严格的球类运动训练。)和C项(她尝试了不同的运动,决定骑自行车。)在第二段中未提及。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中But it was after the 2016 Rio Olympics, a disappointing overall campaign for the Australian track team, that Morton really began to shine.可知,莫顿作为运动员的职业生涯是在2016年里约奥运会之后开始腾飞的,故选A项。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中For Morton, the next stage...“I want to be an active and positive role model.”(对莫顿来说,她生命的下一个阶段现在开始了。在她的自行车职业生涯中,这位自行车手兼职学习刑事司法,先前曾表现出加入警察的意向。莫顿说:“我想成为一个积极向上的榜样。”)可推断出莫顿有一个明确的人生目标,故选C项。
三、七选五
答案：CBDEF
解析：①第一段提到实验室研究发现蓝光会对老鼠的视网膜造成损害,但病理学研究却发现不同的结果,即蓝光对人类视网膜的影响不一样。因此第二段需解释说明造成实验结果不同的原因——人类的眼睛和啮齿类动物的眼睛构造不同。该句是对这种不同的提问。C项符合文意,故选C。
②第二段第二句介绍了人类眼睛的构造,即人类眼睛中有一些保护组织,如黄斑色素能防止蓝光对晶状体的伤害,在蓝光到达晶状体之前就会被吸收。B项中These structures指代黄斑色素等保护组织。B项符合文意,故选B。
③第二段第五句提到“Because of its wavelength, blue light does disrupt healthy sleep physiology.”因为波长的原因,蓝光会影响到人的睡眠机能。同时通过大量的实验证明,睡觉前看手机会增加入睡所需的时间。D项符合文意,故选D。
④最后一段提到了三种方式,First,...Second,...Third...,因此应使用总起句用于引出下文列举的内容。E项符合文意,故选E。
⑤最后一句提到这种方式可以增强身体的自然眼泪及保持眼睛表面的湿润,滋润眼药水可以帮助达到这样的效果。F项符合文意。故选F。Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger Understanding ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、语法填空
1.Immediate action must be taken to prevent these relics__________ being destroyed.
2.Because of a wrist injury, the player is likely__________ (lose) her chance of winning a gold medal at the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022.
3.Olympic athletes attempt__________ ( challenge) the limits of human capability to win a gold medal at the Olympics.
4.Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often __________ (be) polite.
5.To our great surprise, their performances on the court were beyond everyone's __________ (expectation).
6.The ball __________ (bounce) twice before he could reach it.
7.He was always a solid player, a hard worker, a great example to his __________ (teammate).
8.He is closely __________ (associate) in the public mind with horror movies.
9.We drove along a __________ (mud) track winding along the river.
10. __________ is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
二、阅读理解
In the past 70 years, physical activity in America has transformed from a necessity of daily life into an often-expensive leisure (闲暇) activity, and has reformed itself as the basis of people’s social position. "In the 1950s and 1960s, the body became a problem, and exercise developed；it had to develop—because people realized that we were all going to die of heart attacks, " Shelly McKenzie, the author of Getting Physical：The Rise of Fitness Culture in America, told me.
With new middle-class needs coming into new marketing, Jack LaLanne’s instructional exercise TV show introduced much of the country to the active pursuit of physical fitness in 1951, paving the way for workout tapes from fitness superstars such as Richard Simmons and Jane Fonda. In the 1970s, exercise began to leave the home, both through the popularization of jogging and weightlifting and in more organized ways, such as Jazzercise classes.
No matter how they package it, these businesses aren’t just selling physical activity；they’re providing people with a way to stick to expectations that the industry itself helped set. "Exercise, and especially public exercise, came to indicate mental, emotional, and even spiritual health and virtue," Marc Stern wrote in 2008. "In return for the effort, gym-goers attain (获得) the type of body that proves their virtue to all who see them. "
That these physical standards are difficult to achieve is the point. "We live in a culture in which being diligent is highly praised," Petrzela, the New School professor, who is working on a book about fitness’s place in American culture, told me.
"Many people want to be regarded as people who value exercise, because it shows they’re committed to (致力于) self-improvement, and to hard work."Above and beyond movement itself, part of the satisfaction of gym-going comes from performing those values around other people who share them, and from achieving what that community regards as success.
11.Why did exercise develop in the 1950s and 1960s
A. Exercise was a necessity in daily life.
B. People realized the importance of body health.
C. Exercise was an often-expensive leisure activity.
D. People regarded exercise as the foundation of people’s social position.
12.Why do many people like going to the gym according to Marc Stern
A. To keep healthy. B. To gain good body shape.
C. To show their good character. D. To prove their social position.
13.What does NOT make people gain satisfaction from going to the gym
A. Seeing some superstars in the gym.
B. The same values around other people.
C. Achieving success defined by that group of people.
D. Being regarded as people who’re committed to self-improvement.
14.What is the text mainly about
A. How to keep healthy.
B. Why American people want to gain virtue.
C. Why physical activity developed in America.
D. How physical activity developed in America.
三、七选五
Water Skiing
Water skiing is an exciting water sport that can be a ton of fun. It takes a little patience to learn, but once you do, water skiing is a sport you can enjoy whenever you have a boat and enough flat water.
①__________ Every water skier needs water skis(划水板) and they differ depending on the sire of the skier and the experience level of the skier. Of course, no one can water ski alone, so you will need to find at least two people to go with you on your water skiing adventure. You and everyone you go with will have more fun if the friends you go with also want to water ski. ②__________ After you have the boat, the people, and the skis, you will also need a water skiing cable(缆绳) and a life jacket.
For your first time water skiing, you may want to either take a lesson from an expert or find a friend that has experience to teach you. ③__________ The observer rides in the boat, but watches the water skier for any signals and helps the driver know when to start and stop.
The person skiing starts by crouching(蹲伏) in the water, this is called a deep water start. The skis will float, but you want your body to be in a crouching position in the water. Your skis tips should be pointing out of the water. ④__________ When you are ready, you give a signal to the driver of the boat, who starts speeding. Ideally you are pulled into an upright position with your skis underneath you, gliding along the surface of the water. ⑤__________
A. You need a boat, naturally.
B. Most people just enjoy regular water skiing.
C. The idea is to ski on the surface of the water.
D. Having a successful start will most likely take a few tries.
E. Your arms will be outstretched holding onto the cable tightly.
F. Before you start water skiing, there are a few supplies you’ll need.
G. Of your two helpers, you need one to drive the boat and one to observe.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案： from
解析：考查prevent的用法。句意:必须立即采取行动防止这些遗迹被破坏。prevent sth. from...意为"阻止某物……",为固定搭配。
2.答案： to lose
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:由于手腕受伤,该运动员有可能失去在杭州 2022年第19届亚运会上获得金牌的机会。be likely to do sth."可能做某事"为固定用法,故填 to lose。
3.答案：to challenge
解析：考查attempt的用法。句意:奧林匹克运动员试图挑战人类能力的极限,以赢得奥运会金牌。attempt to do sth."试图做某事"为固定用法。
4.答案：to be
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：有时海外的中国人伸手太频繁了，这样做不礼貌。根据句意可知，表示"太……而不能"应用too...to...结构，故填to be。
5.答案：expectations
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：使我们感到非常吃惊的是，他们在场上的表现超出了大家的期望。表示"超出某人的预期"用beyond one's expectations。
6.答案：bounced
解析：考查动词的时态。句意:球弹了两次他才接到。根据could可知应填动词的过去式。
7.答案：teammates
解析：考查名词复数。句意：他一直是个可靠的运动员，工作刻苦，是队友的好榜样。根据语境可知应用teammate的复数形式。
8.答案：associated
解析：考查过去分词。句意:在公众的心目中,他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。associate sb. with...把某人和……联系在一起,此处为其被动形式,故填associated。
9.答案：muddy
解析：考查词性转换。句意:我们沿着一条泥泞的、沿河蜿蜒的小道开车。根据句意可知应填mud的形容词muddy。
10.答案：There
解析：考查同位语从句及there be句型。句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语与外国人交流。根据句子结构及句意，此句是同位语从句，表示“毫无疑问”，故用there is no doubt that,位于句首，开头字母大写，故填There.
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“‘In the 1950s and 1960s, the body became a problem, and exercise developed；it had to develop—because people realized that we were all going to die of heart attacks, ’...”可知, 运动在20世纪50年代和60年代得到发展是因为人们意识到身体健康的重要性。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“‘Exercise, and especially public exercise, came to indicate mental, emotional, and even spiritual health and virtue, ’Marc Stern wrote in 2008.‘In return for the effort, gym-goers attain the type of body that proves their virtue to all who see them.’”可知, 运动可以显示出思想、情感、甚至精神上的健康和美德。由此可知Marc Stern认为很多人喜欢去健身房是为了表现出他们良好的品格。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知, 选项B、C、D是能够使人们从去健身房中获得满足的因素, 故选A项。
14.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句讲述了体育活动在美国的发展, 第二句讲述了这种发展背后的原因。接下来的段落都在讲述原因。所以文章主要是关于体育活动在美国发展起来的原因的。
三、七选五
答案：FAGED
解析：①结合后文可知,每个滑水运动员都需要滑水板,不同的滑水板取决于运动员的体型和经验水平。当然,没有人可以独自滑水,所以你将需要至少两个人和你一起去滑水冒险,以及最后一句After you have the boat, the people, and the skis, you will also need a water skiing cable and a life jacket可知,在你有了船、人和滑水板之后,你还需要一根滑水缆绳和一件救生衣,由此可知,本段说明了滑水之前需要准备的用品。F项“在你开始滑水之前,有一些你需要的用品”符合语境,故选F。
②根据后文After you have the boat, the people, and the skis, you will also need a water skiing cable and a life jacket可知,在你有了船、人和滑水板之后,你还需要一根滑水缆绳和一件救生衣。上文提到了滑水板和人,那么本句应说明需要一艘船。A项“当然,你需要一艘船”符合语境,故选A。
③根据后文The observer rides in the boat, but watches the water skier for any signals and helps the driver know when to start and stop可知,观察者坐在船上,观察滑水者的任何信号,并且帮助驾驶员知道何时开始和停止。由此可知,第一次滑水需要带两个助手,一个驾驶,一个观察。G项“在你的两个助手中,你需要一个驾船,一个观察”符合语境,故选G。
④根据上文The skis will float, but you want your body to be in a crouching position in the water. Your skis tips should be pointing out of the water可知,滑水板会浮在水面上,但你要让身体在水中蜷成一团,你的滑水板应该指向水面外;以及后文When you are ready, you give a signal to the driver of the boat, who starts speeding可知,当你准备好了,你给驾驶员一个信号,他开始加速。由此可知,本句应当承接上文,说明正式开始滑水之前的准备动作。E项“你的双臂会过度伸展,紧紧抓住缆绳”符合语境,故选E。
⑤根据上文Ideally you are pulled into an upright position with your skis underneath you, gliding along the surface of the water可知,理想情况下,你被拉到一个直立的位置,你的滑水板在你下面,沿着水面滑行。由此可知,上文提到的是理想情况下能顺利开始滑水,那么,如果不顺利的话可能会需要尝试几次才能成功。D项“要有一个成功的开始,很可能需要尝试几次“符合语境,故选D。
