上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试 英语试题（PDF版，含答案，无听力原文及音频）

宝山区 2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试
英语试题
（本试卷满分 140分，考试时间 120分钟）
Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of
each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read
the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question
you have heard.
1．A．Blueberry. B．Apple pie. C．Chocolate cake. D．Strawberry.
2．A．The movie will not be shown. B．They want to see the movie.
C．All the tickets were sold out. D．The movie is highly rated.
3．A．To the school. B．To his home.
C．To the supermarket. D．To the place the woman stays.
4．A．Boring. B．Entertaining. C．Touching. D．Encouraging.
5．A．Teacher and student. B．Husband and wife. C．Boss and secretary. D．Mother and son.
6．A．In a restaurant. B．In a hotel. C．In a museum. D．In a theater.
7．A.7:30. B．7:45. C．7:15. D．7:00.
8．A．She didn’t catch the bus. B．She happened to meet a friend.
C．She was prevented from catching the bus. D．Her car broke down.
9．A．Rick is the man’s cousin. B．The man has graduated from a technical school.
C．It’s hard to land a suitable job. D．Rick got a decent job.
10．A．Drive on through the night. B．Check out of the hotel.
C．Cancel their motel reservation. D．Stop driving for the rest of the day.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you
will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and
the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a
question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best
answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11．A．By bus. B．By train. C．By car. D．By ship.
12．A．Because they saw the first kangaroo. B．Because they saw an Australian tailed eagle.
C．Because they’d never been here before. D．Because they saw a few wild horses.
13．A．Wild horses. B．Kangaroos. C．Large birds. D．Some spiders.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．A．Internet use is increasing fast in rural and urban areas.
B．More and more rural residents have Internet access.
C．People have a limited choice of Internet providers.
D．City residents use their own Internet frequently.
15．A．Over 2million. B．Around 6 million. C.23 million. D.17 million.
16．A．More girls have their own websites than boys.
B．One in four kids have Internet access from home.
C．Most kids think that they get less time online at school than that at home.
D．Most kids think Internet connection at home is quicker than that at school.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17．A．His health is getting worse. B．He can no longer work at sea.
C．His past life upsets him a good deal. D．He hasn’t got any retirement pay.
18．A．She passed away years ago. B．She used to work as a model.
C．She has been working at a clinic. D．She has been seriously ill for years.
19．A．She has made lots of money as a doctor. B．She is going to take care of her old dad.
C．She has never got on with her father. D．She is kind and generous by nature.
20．A．He dines out with his wife every weekend. B．He is excellent but looks bad-tempered.
C．He does not care about his appearance. D．He is not quite popular with his patients.
Ⅱ．Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the
other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
First published on October 15, 1952, “Charlotte’s Web” is a popular children’s book written by well-known
American author E. B. White and ____1____（illustrate）by Garth Williams that deals with themes of the nature of
friendship, loss, fate, acceptance, and renewal. The story centers on a pig named Wilbur and the unlikely but deep
friendship ____2____ shares with an uncommonly talented spider named Charlotte.
While it’s normal in the course of events on a farm for pigs ____3____（kill）when they reach a certain size
and age, clever Charlotte works out a scheme to keep Wilbur from his fate by weaving words into her web to create
what amounts to a one-pig publicity campaign. By promoting Wilbur to celebrity status, Charlotte ultimately saves
him ____4____ his date with the butcher’s knife.
The ending of the “Charlotte’s Web” is bittersweet, however, ____5____ while Wilbur survives, Charlotte
does not. But even Charlotte’s passing is a lesson-for Wilbur and those reading his story-about the nature of death
and renewal.
Death and destiny are both themes that the book explores. While Charlotte is willing to help Wilbur avoid a
destiny that’s being imposed on him by outside forces beyond his control, she also understands that some fates are
inevitable: All living creatures are born, ____6____（have）a life cycle, and die. Charlotte accepts her role in this
natural circle without regret.
Charlotte helps Wilbur realize that immortality is not about living forever, but rather, ____7____（ensure）that
new generations will follow. She also helps him understand that love and friendship are not fixed in quantity. While
we may lose a friend, new friendships can come along, not as replacements for ____8____ we’ve lost, but as
blessings to build on what we’ve learned.
“Charlotte’s Web” got its inspiration from true experiences that author E. B. White had on his farm in Maine,
____9____ he penned the book and lived until his death in 1985．While the author claims that the book
_____10_____ never be considered a moral tale, certain messages related to moral principles, or rights and wrongs,
are obviously established in “Charlotte’s Web”.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that
there is one word more than you need.
A．apply B．broadly C．complicated D．downside E．hardly
F．neighbors
G．overburdened H．pills I．re-labeling J．turning K．worse
Britain appears to be in a mental-health crisis. In the past decade no European country has seen a greater
increase in the use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药); now only the Portuguese and Icelanders are popping more of the
____11____. Around 4.5m Britons were in contact with mental-health services in 2021-22, a rise of almost l m in
five years.
There are a few reasons why Britons might be unhappier than their ____12____. One global poll found that
teenagers in Britain were some of the loneliest in the world, with few supportive relationships and a low sense of
purpose and meaning: all risk factors for poor mental health. Britain’s poorest households are also ____13____ off
than their equivalents in France and Germany, for example, which makes them more vulnerable to conditions such
as anxiety and depression. And Britain’s health system can seem more ____14____ than those in most other rich
countries. In England alone, some 3.8 m are waiting for mental-health treatment.
Those factors might explain why more people are ____15____ to medication. Another reason is increased
awareness. Campaigns around depression and anxiety have been particularly successful in Britain. That is
____16____ a good thing. A reduction in humiliation (蒙羞 ) has encouraged more people to seek help. Taking
antidepressants – or using mental-health services — has become much more acceptable.
But there is a ____17____ to this, as The Economist recently reported. Surveys suggest that Britons are
increasingly ____18____ common human emotions, such as stress and grief, as mental illnesses. “You’re going to
lose any sense of what mental illness is if you start to ____19____ it to 30%, 50% of the population,” says Adrian
Massey, author of a book called “Sick-Note Britain”.
For all the focus on anxiety and depression in campaigns, severe mental illnesses still receive too little
attention. This is a problem: according to the GBD, Britain has the highest rates of severe mental illness in Europe.
The causes of such conditions are unclear, but seem to involve a ____20____ interplay of genetic and
environmental factors. Illegal drug misuse, for which Britain has among the highest rates in the region, also plays a
role.
Ⅲ．Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,
C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Methane (甲烷) is a greenhouse gas. Over 20 years it has over 80 times the planet-cooking power of carbon
dioxide, and is ____21____ for nearly 45%of warming today. Because methane is the main ____22____ of natural
gas, much of man-made emissions comes from the energy industry. Yet because it is short-lived, controlling
methane offers the world its best possible chance for ____23____ progress against climate change.
As COP28, the UN’s climate summit, gets ____24____ in Dubai, it is greatly encouraging, therefore, that the
chances of such a deal on methane are good. Negotiators must ____25____ at a rare opportunity to strike one.
The reason a deal looks possible is that the politics are promising in all the biggest markets. China has recently
announced that it will start including methane in its national climate plans. America will soon finalize regulations to
____26____ methane emissions from its huge oil and gas sector, including measures that cover leaky pipelines and
storage. And the European Union has also agreed on tough methane standards, covering both domestic sources and
____27____ fossil fuels.
____28____ are helping, too. A range of new technologies for monitoring methane will help ____29____ large
sources of emissions from the energy industry. Because oil and gas firms can often sell methane (rather than
wastefully burning or releasing it), many investment s to avoid _____30_____ will pay for themselves. Most firms
do not invest because of the trouble, higher returns on other projects, or wells’ distance from consumers. Whatever
the reason, they suffer no _____31_____ for adding needlessly to global warming.
Since green-washing, the process of conveying a false impression about how some products or measures are
environmentally sound, is quite common, if a global methane deal is to be more than that, _____32_____, it will
need rigour (缜密 ). Methane-control seemed to _____33_____ at the UN climate summit in Glasgow two years
ago, when negotiators _____34_____ came up with a proposal to cut emissions by 30% by 2030．Yet the deal was
voluntary, and had no enforcement mechanisms (机制 ); emissions have since _____35_____. An agreement this
time round must link promises to national climate plans and, crucially, to domestic enforcement mechanisms.
21. A. powerful B. noticeable C. responsible D. possible
22. A. cause B. ingredient C. agent D. consequence
23. A. quick B. economic C. original D. national
24. A. under way B. in the making C. on board D. to the point
25. A. stare B. point C. come D. leap
26. A. increase B. stabilize C. reduce D. balance
27. A. imported B. localized C. exported D. globalized
28. A. Revolutions B. Evolutions C. Resolutions D. Innovations
29. A. create B. activate C. decrease D. spot
30. A. disasters B. delays C. emissions D. examinations
31. A. loss B. punishment C. abuse D. defeat
32. A. however B. therefore C. further D. once
33. A. pay off B. make out C. run out D. take off
34. A. noisily B. admittedly C. reluctantly D. accidentally
35. A. declined B. disappeared C. swung D. risen
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the
one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the
southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the
coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is
called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial (冰川的 ) activity of the Ice Age. At that time, the
whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier declined,
however, it applied enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.
As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land. And the highest
parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Marine fossils found here are 225 feet
above sea level indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-long rocky and jagged (锯齿状的 ) coastline of Maine keeps watching over nearly 2,000
islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to blooming communities. Mt. Desert
Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands left behind by the glacier. Measuring 16 miles
by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was very nearly formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a
very deep and very narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, has afforded summer homes for the
wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has become a new arts community as well. But the best part of the island is
the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Since the island sits on the border between two different
geographical zones, the park supports the plants and animals of both zones. It also lies in a major bird migration
lane and is a resting spot for many birds.
36. The large number of small islands along the coast of Maine is the result of ______.
A. the drowning of the Maine coastline B. glacier’s forcing mountains into the sea
C. the irregularity of the Maine coastline D. ocean water’s flooding the mountain range
37. What does the underlined word “charge” mean in paragraph 2
A. To ask an amount of money.
B. To accuse someone publicly of doing something wrong.
C. To rush in a particular direction.
D. To pass electricity through something.
38. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of paragraph 4 of the selection
A. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves.
B. Acadia National Park is one of the best national parks.
C. On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tension between the residents and tourists.
D. Mt. Desert Island supports an incredibly diverse animal and plant life.
39. From the passage, we learn that ________.
A. the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after the Ice Age
B. there are more than 2,500 islands along the Maine coastline
C. Mt. Desert Island has been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretch
D. an arts community gave way to the summer homes on Mt. Desert Island
（B）
To the Editors:
I am surprised to read that Dr. Strojnik (“Direct Detection of Exoplanets,”
September-October2023) states that we have not yet and cannot directly image exoplanets (外
部 行 星 ). This is incorrect. NASA/IPAC has a list at
exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/imaging.html.
One example is an image of 51 Eridani b. The planet is 2.6 times as massive as Jupiter and has
the same radius (半径).
Gerard Kriss
Space Telescope Science Institute
Dr. Gerard:
I am pleased that my article brought a response. The phrase “planet detection” arouses in
people’s imaginations beautiful images of planets that are creative artistic representations of
novel worlds. But a blur of brightness is not an image.
Exoplanet researchers routinely call videos such as the one below of 51 Eridani b “direct
images” because the planet’s light has been separated from that of its star. “Directly imaged” is
the standard language of exoplanet astronomy. But to an optical (光学的 ) scientist such as
myself, there is a strong distinction between direct detection (the planet’s light separated from
the light of its star) and direct imaging (a proven picture of the exoplanet). From an optical
researcher’s perspective, a single bright spot simply is not an image.
Indeed, even the word “direct” in direct detection is debatable from an optical researcher’s
point of view. The detection of the light of the exoplanet requires significant processing, adding
multiple images and removing starlight based on theoretical models of the source signal.
But the interpretation of a bright spot as a planet is only possible upon visual inspection and
optimistic thinking. As an optical scientist, I cannot look at a single spot and call it an image of
exoplanets. A trajectory (轨迹 ), or a series of bright points, is not an image of a planet,
although it very likely represents something that nowadays is described as an exoplanet.
Marija Strojnik
40. ________ is the main disagreement between Marija Strojnik and Gerard Kriss.
A. The definition of a planet B. The importance of detecting exoplanets
C. The artistic representation of exoplanets D. The use of the term “direct imaging”
41. How does Dr. Strojnik feel about the interpretation of a bright spot as an exoplanet
A. She supports it, as it is a common practice in exoplanet astronomy.
B. She approves of it, although it does not provide a clear picture of the exoplanet.
C. She believes it is only possible through visual observation and positive assumption.
D. She considers the interpretation to be debatable, as it requires significant processing.
42. Where can you find these two letters
A. In the textbook. B. In a local newspaper.
C. In a published essay. D. In a science journal.
（C）
The ancient Egyptians thought so little of the brain that when a king died, they removed the brain from his
body and threw it away. The Egyptians assumed, like many people before and after them, that consciousness —
your mind and your thoughts existed in the heart.
Now we know that the mind is a product of the brain, but how exactly does this 1.5-kilo piece of matter create
a mind that allows you to think about yourself, experience happiness and anger, or remember events that happened
20 minutes or 20 years ago This isn’t a new question. Today, however, powerful new techniques for visualizing the
sources of thought, emotion, behavior, and memory are transforming the way we understand the brain and the mind
it creates.
Have you ever stopped and thought, “What’s wrong with me today I just don’t feel like myself” Perhaps you
were more tired or worried than usual — but somehow, you knew that something was different about you. This
self-awareness - the ability to think about yourself and how you’re feeling-is an important part of being human.
This part of of your mind has its origins in the prefrontal cortex — a region of your brain just behind your
forehead that extends to about your ears. Before this area began to function (around age two), you didn’t
understand that you were a separate individual with your own identity. As this part of your brain developed, you
became more aware of yourself and your thoughts and feelings.
Though humans may share certain emotions and recognize them in others, we don’t all have the same
emotional response to every situation. In fact, most emotional responses are learned and stored in our memories.
The smell of freshly cut grass, for example, will generate happy feelings in someone who spent enjoyable
childhood summers in the countryside, but not in someone who was forced to work long hours on a farm. Once an
emotional association like this is made, it is very difficult to reverse it. “Emotion is the least flexible part of the
brain,” says psychologist Paul Ekman. But we can learn to control our emotions by becoming consciously aware of
their underlying causes and by not reacting automatically to things in our environment.
For centuries, people have studied the brain, but it is only in recent years that we have really started to learn
how it works. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we understand our mind’s many complexities.
43. What is the passage mainly about
A. How we create and control emotions. B. How the mind works.
C. How human beings are distinct. D. How emotions are processed.
44. Why does the author mention the ancient Egyptians’ practice in the very beginning
A. To illustrate the importance of the heart in ancient Egyptian culture.
B. To introduce the core theme of the mind-body connection and evolution.
C. To provide an example of how the brain has been misunderstood throughout history.
D. To contrast the ancient Egyptians’ views on the brain with the modern one.
45. Which of the following statement is NOT true
A. Self-awareness develops before the age of two.
B. The prefrontal cortex affects a person’s emotions.
C. The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain.
D. Self-awareness strengthens with the development of the brain.
46. What does the passage suggest about the flexibility of emotions
A. Emotions are universal and do not change over time or with individual experiences.
B. Emotions are generally learned and stored in our memories, making them quite flexible.
C. Emotions are influenced by our personal experiences and can vary from person to person.
D. Emotions are the least flexible part of the mind, and they cannot be controlled.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.
Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
It is certainly difficult to make money. But should money be difficult to give away In The Gilded Age,
industrialists such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller worried about waste and misuse; Carnegie wrote in
1889 that $950 of every $1,000 that went to charity was “unwisely spent”. ____47____ Donors ran lengthy
application processes, provided funds and fulfilled painstaking reporting requirements. In 2006 The Economist
called it “philanthrocapitalism (慈善资本主义)”.
____48____ The 400 richest Americans have given away just 6% of their combined fortunes, according to
Forbes. At the last count in 2022, almost $1.2 trn was sitting in American private foundations and $230bn in
donor-advised funds, a sort of savings account for donors. Plenty of money is being marked for charity. But it is not
getting to worthy causes fast enough.
Fortunately, a new generation of donors is once again shaking up the world of big philanthropy (慈善事业).
Leading the mission is MacKenzie Scott, who simplified the process of giving and is donating billions of dollars a
year with few conditions. This “no-strings giving” is changing mega-donors’ long-held assumptions. ____49____
One is the recognition that philanthropists do not have to do everything themselves. ____50____ An upside of
a decades-long trend for businesslike philanthropy is that armies of consultants have emerged to help donors draw
up a strategy and conduct due diligence on potential recipients. Donors can team up and share the work, too.
Another lesson from the no-strings crowd is that philanthropists can trust recipients to put money to good use
once the proper due diligence is in place. That means analyzing a nonprofit organization’s annual reports and
interviewing its leaders and other funders.
A. It offers lessons for those struggling to get money out of the door.
B. In addition to that, her charity work is too numerous to mention.
C. However, this idea that charities’ money is wasted has been proven wrong by evidence.
D. Mega-donors no longer need to endure the trouble of setting up a foundation and hiring staff.
E. Two decades on, however, it’s become clear that all this paperwork puts the brakes on giving.
F. Around the turn of the millennium donors looked to data and rules as a way to stop waste.
Ⅳ．Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no
more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
For thousands of years, Chinese people have valued the large family with three, four, or even five generations
living under the same roof. That's what we call an extended family. Now it is pared to extended
families. nuclear families which involve only two generations living together are becoming the trend. Apart from
family size, these families are also featured by reduced dependence on the last generation. Young people are able to
make decisions on their own and children are less likely to be brought up by their grandparents.
The reason for the tendency of nuclear families can be reflected as follows. It's a time when young people
think highly of individual freedom. Young people like to have personal space that won't be disturbed by the old
generations. In this way, they are more likely to avoid conflicts caused by different living habits from their parents.
It's also a time when social welfare institutions are highly advanced for old people to lead a comfortable life .
Senior citizens can live together in some nursing homes and be taken good care of by specialized nursing workers,
which may base young people's heavy burden of attending their aging parents.
However, the problem concerning attending to children turns up as the number of nuclear families increases.
Young people are busy with their work and spend less time with their children. As a result, lacking enough care
both from their parents and grandparents during their growth, children may develop mental illnesses like loneliness
and depression. Many young people, therefore, hire babysitters to look after and keep company with their children,
which adds a financial burden to them.
Facing the problem above, young people can seek help from old generations, communities and government.
Old generations are welcomed to take care of their grandchildren, especially when young people are asked to work
munities ought to organize some volunteers to look after unattended kids. And government can set
up special loads for young people to relieve their financial problem. With the joint efforts, nuclear families are
expected to fit in well with the development of the society.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Ⅴ．Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets.
52. 校餐也要以其他食品的推销方法推销给孩子。（the same way）(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
53. 为了培养学生地道的口音，该大学计划从国外聘请一些英文老师。（handful）(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
54. 与这位家喻户晓的建筑师一起工作是一次难忘的经历，是我职业生涯迄今为止的一个亮点。(highlight)
(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
55. 主席不仅致力于打造一个科技强国，还号召人们加强科技创新园区的建设，并推动绿色制造业的发展。
（call on）(汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅵ．Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in
Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的学生吴磊，你校英文报《英语拾零》（English Sidelights）正庆祝创刊十周年，请你写一
篇文章投稿，内容包括：
● 读报的经历；
● 喜爱的栏目；
● 期望和祝福。
（文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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参考答案
Ⅰ．Listening Comprehension （略）
1. illustrated 2. he 3. to be killed 4. from 5. because
6. have 7. ensuring 8. what 9. where 10. can
11. H 12. F 13. K 14. G 15. J 16. E
17. D 18. I 19. A 20. C
21. C 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. D
26. C 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. C
31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D
36. A 37. C 38. D 39. C
40. D 41. C 42. D
43. B 44. C 45. A 46. C
47. F 48. E 49. A 50. D
51. The trend of nuclear families is increasing in China, with fewer generations living together under one roof.
However, this trend also leads to challenges in child care, as parents have less time to spend with their children.
Solutions such as involving grandparents, community volunteers, and government support are suggested to address
these challenges.
52. School meals should also be marketed to children in the same way as other foods.
53. In order to cultivate students' authentic accent, the university plans to hire a handful of English teachers from
abroad.
54. Working with this universally renowned architect was an unforgettable experience, undoubtedly a highlight of
my career thus far.
55. The Chairman not only focuses on building a strong country in science and technology but also calls on people
to strengthen the construction of science and technology innovation parks and to promote the development of green
manufacturing.
56.
English Sidelights and Me
I have been an avid reader of English Sidelights since the day my teacher recommended it to me. I remember
that the first time I picked up a copy of the paper, I was struck by the quality of the writing and the depth of the
coverage. Since then, I have made it a habit to read it every day.
One of my favorite sections is the Opinion. I appreciate the diverse range of views and perspectives presented
in this section. The editorials are well-researched and thought-provoking, and the guest commentaries offer fresh
insights into a variety of issues.
I expect the paper to stay true to its core values and to continue to provide readers with high-quality reporting
and analysis. On this special occasion of the 10th anniversary of English Sidelights, I hope the paper will thrive and
grow in the years ahead.