Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth!单元知识点梳理 讲义 2023-2024学年人教版英语九年级全册

Unit 13
Part one：words and expressions
1.litter
（1）v. 乱扔 e.g. No littering！
（2）.un 垃圾；废弃物 e.g. There will be fines for people who drop litter. 乱扔垃圾的人将会被罚款。
2.bottom n. 底部；最下部 e.g. At the bottom of my heart，I love you deeply.
3.fisherman n.渔民；钓鱼的人 （pl.）fishermen
（1）fish cn. 鱼，单复同形 e.g. one/two fish
un. 鱼肉
cn. 表示鱼的种类，复数为fishes
（2）fish v. 钓鱼 e.g. go fishing
4. ugly adj. 丑陋的；难看的 e.g. an ugly duckling一只丑小鸭
5. advantage cn. 优点；有利条件，反义词disadvantage
e.g. He had the advantage of a good education.
Being tall gives him an advantage over other players.
6. cost
（1）v. 花费，区别cost（cost-cost），pay（paid-paid），spend（spent-spent）和take（took-taken）
①sth. costs （sb.）+money
e.g. The magazines cost him five yuan.
②(sb.)pay +money for sth.
e.g. He paid five yuan for the magazines.
③sb. spend +time/money on sth.
sb. spend+time/money (in) doing sth.
e.g. Students now have to spend at least 3 hours on/doing the homework.
④It takes (sb.) time+to do sth.
e.g. It usually takes the students 3 hours to do the homework.
（2）n. 花费；价钱 e.g. What’s the cost of the land？
7. wooden adj. 木制的；木头的（wood un. 木材；woods 树林）
8. cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的 e.g. Her cruel words made him angry.
cruelty cn. 残忍 e.g. cruelty to animals 对动物的残忍
★9. harmful adj. 有害的
（1）be harmful to “对……有害的
e.g. Staying up often is harmful to your health.
（2）harm n. 意为“害处”，do harm to “对……有害”，可替换为be harmful to
e.g. Too much smoking does harm to health.=Too much smoking is harmful to health.
※10. at the top of … 在…顶端（反义词组 at the bottom of…）
e.g. He shouted at the top of his voice. / He is at the top of his class.
※11. ecosystem n. 生态系统 （eco-指生态的 e.g. eco-friendly, eco-tourism, eco-industry）
▲12. law n. 法律；法规 e.g. follow/break the law; mother/father/sister/brother in law
※13. scientific adj. 科学的 science n. --- scientist n.
★14. take part in v. 参加 区别: join, join in, be in, be a member of, play a part in, attend
Exercise：He has _________ the school football club for a year. （参加）
★15. afford v. 承担得起（后果）；买得起，通常与can, could, be able to 连用，多用于否定句或疑问句中
（1） afford sth. e.g. They couldn’t afford $50 for a ticket.
（2） afford to do sth
e.g. We can’t afford to go abroad this summer.
In order to complete the work, we can’t afford to lose another worker.
▲16. turn off 关掉 turn 相关短语: turn on/off/up/down/out/around/back/to/into/over 等
※17. reusable adj. 可重复使用的；可再次使用的
（1）use sth. to do sth.
（2）构词法 re- 和 –able
e.g. reuse, recycle, review, retell, rewrite, restart, repeat
unable, changeable, washable, available, drinkable
※18. take action 采取行动 e.g. The police had to take action to deal with the problem.
※19. throw away 扔掉 e.g. Don't throw away this chance.
※20. put … to good use 好好利用……=make full use of
e.g. It’s the last term, so we should put our time to good use.
※21. pull down 拆毁
e.g. They are going to pull down the old building and replace it with a new one.
※22. upside down 颠倒；倒转 e.g. The picture was turned upside down.
※23.inspiration n.灵感; 鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
(inspire v.鼓舞启迪; inspired/inspiring)
e.g. Michael Jackson was an inspiration to him.
We are all inspired by the inspiring call of our headmaster.
Genius is one percent inspiration and nine percent perspiration.
★24. work cn. 作品un. 工作
★25. creativity n.创造力; 独创性 (create v.创造; creative adj.有创造力的)
e.g. Leaders need creativity to create a better world for the people.
Part Two: more language points in the text book
I. Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up. (P97)
play a part in (doing) sth.
2.So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future. (P92)
make a difference (to...) (对.... 产生影响或作用)
make no difference 没有作用
3.If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life. Many believe that sharks can
never be endangered because they are the strongest in the food chain.
danger n.危险dangerous adj.危险的endangered adj.濒危的
4.The number of some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 years.
fall drop by 以.....(比例等) 下降 increase by
5.Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things.
begin/start with 以...开始
begin/start sth. with .以...开始....
6.You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman.
hear-heard-heard hear of/about 听说
most = very
7.作文备用: 环境污染相关词汇
air/ water/ noise pollution water reuse 水资源再利用
industrial wastes 工业废物 industrial fumes 工业烟尘 industrial noise 工业噪音
plastic wastes 塑料污染 chimney cn.烟囱 ocean dumping 海洋倾倒
fog and haze 雾霾 smog 雾霾 wear a mask 戴口罩