2025届高三英语一轮复习：省略，插入语，反义疑问句课件(共72张PPT)

(共72张PPT)
翻译下列句子，指出画线部分的表达特点
　1. Turn to me for help if_necessary.
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什么是英语中的省略？
如有必要来找我帮助。if necessary是省略表达，相当于if it is necessary。
一、省略
2. My brother is a doctor while_my_sister_a_nurse.
3. Do as_told_to.
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我哥哥是医生，姐姐是护士。 while my sister a nurse是省略表达，相当于while my sister is a nurse。
按照吩咐的去做。as told to是省略表达，相当于as you are told to do it。
4. How time flies!
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时间过得好快啊！How是省略表达，相当于How fast。
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从语法角度而言，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于表达简洁的需要，在句中并不出现，这种语法现象称为“省略”。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。
翻译下列句子，指出各省略表达
1. (1) He spent a quarter looking through his speech.
2
省略有哪些情况？
省略介词
他花了一刻钟浏览演讲稿。(looking through 前省略了in)
(2) I've studied English five years.
(3) The earthquake occurred last month.
(4) Try it this way!
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省略介词
我已学5年英语了。(five years前省略了for)
省略介词
地震发生在上个月。(last month前省略了in)
省略介词
用这种方法试一下。(this way前省略了in)
2. (1) Child as he was, he did quite well.
(2) He was a teacher before he turned writer.
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省略冠词
虽然是孩子，但他做得很不错。(child 前省略了a)
省略冠词
在成为作家前他是教师。(writer前省略了a)
3. (1)I believe you will succeed.
(2)I'll give you all I have.
(3) The way he speaks is boring.
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省略that
我相信你们会成功的。(I believe后省略了that)
省略that
我要把我所有的一切都给你。(I have前省略了that)
省略that
他说话的方式很烦人。(The way后省略了that)
4. (1) Beg your pardon.
(2) Sit down, please!
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省略主语
请你原谅。(Beg 前省略了主语 I)　
　 省略主语
请坐！(Sit down前省略了主语 you)
5. (1) Who next
(2)The river is deep and the mountain high.
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省略谓语
该谁了？(Who 后面省略了谓语 comes)
省略谓语
河水很深，山很高。(mountain 后面省略了 is)
5. (3) We'll do what we can.
(4) I run faster than he.
2
省略谓语
我们将尽力而为。(can 后面省略了动词do)
省略谓语
我比他跑得快。(he后面省略了动词runs)
6. (1)Are you ready Yes, I am.
(2)He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.
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省略表语
你准备好了吗？ 我准备好了。(am 后面省略了 ready)
省略表语
他还是像年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。(had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports)
7. Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.
8. How he behaved!
2
省略宾语
让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。(wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语the dishes)
省略well
他表现的多好啊！省略了how 后面的well
9. (1)What exciting news!
(2) How exciting a match!
2
感叹句中省略主语和连系动词
What exciting news (it is)！多么令人激动的消息啊！
感叹句中省略主语和连系动词
How exciting a match (it is)！多么令人激动的比赛啊！
10. (1)If necessary, we shall send a telegram home.
(2)Whenever possible, he will come to my help.
2
省略it is
如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。If necessary＝If it is necessary。
省略it is
他一有可能就来帮助我。 Whenever possible＝ Whenever it is possible。
11. (1)While cycling, don't forget the traffic lights.
(2) I won't go to the party unless invited.
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省略从句主语和be动词
骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。(While cycling＝While you're cycling)
省略从句主语和be动词
除非被邀请否则我不会参加晚会。(unless invited＝unless I am invited)
12. (1) What about having a game of chess
(2) How come they left you alone here
(3) What if it's raining
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固定词组中的省略：
下盘棋怎么样？
固定词组中的省略：
他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？
固定词组中的省略：
如果天下雨怎么办？
(4) Why not try again
(5) So what
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固定词组中的省略：
为什么不再试试呢？
固定词组中的省略：
那又怎样呢？
13. (1)He may leave if he wishes to.
(2) Don't go till I tell you to.
2
省略了不定式符号 to后面的内容。
他可以走，如果他愿意的话。(to后省略了leave)
省略了不定式符号 to后面的内容。
等我叫你走你再走。(to后省略了go)
14. (1)No parking.
(2)Not at all.
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No或not引起的省略视上下文而定省略内容。
禁止停车。( No parking后省略了 is allowed here.)
No或not引起的省略视上下文而定省略内容。
不用谢。(Not at all＝You needn't thank me at all)
15. (1)Should it rain tomorrow, we would change our plan to go on an outing.
(2)Were it not for your advice, I would be at a loss.
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虚拟条件句中，如含有were，had，should, 可将if省略，将这些词语提前。
假如明天下雨，我们就改变郊游的计划。
虚拟条件句中，如含有were，had，should, 可将if省略，将这些词语提前。
要不是你的建议，我现在不知所措了。
(3)Had it not for the rain, the crops would have died.
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虚拟条件句中，如含有were，had，should, 可将if省略，将这些词语提前。
要不是那场雨，庄稼已经干死了。
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省略是在不影响上下文意思的情况下，将句子表达重复的部分或不必表达出来的部分去掉的语言现象。省略的情况比较复杂，主要情况有：
1. 省略介词。
2. 省略冠词。
3. 省略宾语从句引导词，定语从句关系代词that 及先行词为way的定语从句引导词that。
4. 祈使句中省略主语。
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5. 口语表达或并列结构及比较句型中省略谓语。
6. 简单回答及比较句型中省略表语。
7. 上下文意思清晰时，省略宾语。
8. 感叹句中省略状语。
9. 感叹句中省略主语和连系动词。
在以 if, when, though, as if (好像)等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的谓语动词含有be，主语是it, 常将it和动词 be 省略。
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在以 ①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句；②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句；③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句；④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句；⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句中，如从句中的谓语动词含有be, 主语与主句主语一致，常将从句主语和动词 be 省略。
10. 固定句型引导的疑问句的省略。
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11. 在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号 to。
12. no或not引起的省略。
13. 虚拟条件句中，如含有were，had，should, 可将if省略，将这些词语提前。
翻译下列句子并分析画线部分的句子成分
　1. (1)To_be_honest is the best policy.
(2)To_be_honest,_I don't like big cities like Guangzhou and Shanghai.
1
什么是插入语？
诚实乃上上策。To be honest：主语。
老实说，我不喜欢广州和上海这样的大城市。To be honest：插入语。
二、插入语
2. (1)It's generally accepted that fatness invites many diseases.
(2) Generally,_the faster drivers drive their cars, the more dangerous it will be.
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人们普遍认为肥胖引发多种疾病。generally：状语。
一般来说，司机开车开得越快，危险性越大。Generally：插入语。
3. (1)I was once luckily the winner of the World Miss Contest and everything changed overnight.
(2)Luckily,_the accident caused no death.　
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我曾经有幸成为世界小姐大赛的优胜者，我的一切从此转眼改变。luckily：状语。
幸运的是，事故没造成死亡。luckily：插入语。
4. (1)What_surprised_me,_my friend went abroad alone without his family.
(2)What_surprised_me was that he should have set up 3 big companies in less than 5 years.
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使我吃惊的是我的朋友抛开了家庭只身去了国外。 What surprised me: 插入语。
使我吃惊的是他竟然在不到5年的时间里开了3家大公司。What surprised me: 主语。
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英语中的插入语是插在句子中的一个词，短语或从句，通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开，它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系，因此，也可称为独立成分。
插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释，说明或总结；有时表示说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上
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启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接得更为紧密。插入语虽然不是句子的主干成分，但插入语的准确使用，会起到润色句子，使句子生色的作用。
翻译下列句子，指出句中插入语的类型
　1. Strange, there is nobody in the classroom.
2
插入语有哪些类型？
很奇怪，教室里没人。形容词Strange作插入语。
2. Luckily for you, I happen to have the key.
　3. In short, we should not stop halfway.
2
你很幸运，我正好带了钥匙。副词短语Luckily for you作插入语。　　
简言之，我们不能半途而废。介词短语In short作插入语。
4. Considering his age, he did very well.
　5. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
2
从年龄考虑，他干得挺不错。现在分词短语Considering his age作插入语。
鉴于他的健康状况，手术后康复还需要一段时间。过去分词短语Given the general state of his health作插入语。
6. To be frank, I don't quite agree with you.
　7. All in all, her condition is greatly improved.
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坦率地说，我不太同意你的意见。动词不定式To be frank作插入语。
总的来说，她的情况有很大好转。代词词组All in all作插入语。
8. If I may say so, we know nothing about it.
　9. It's a great mistake, I think, not to accept their proposal.
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正如我所说的，我们对它一无所知。从句If I may say so作插入语。
依我看，不接受他们的建议是个大错误。句子I think作插入语。
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插入语大致可分为以下9种类型：
1. 形容词或形容词短语作插入语。
如：worse still, sure enough, strange, most important of all等。
2. 副词或副词短语作插入语。
如：personally, honestly, fortunately, luckily, for us, though, besides, exactly, surely, frankly, still, otherwise 等。
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3. 介词短语作插入语。
如：of course, in short, as a matter of fact, by the way, on the other hand, in my opinion, in conclusion, in other words, above all等。
4. 现在分词短语作插入语。
如：generally speaking, judging from/ by …， talking of…， considering…等。
5. 过去分词短语作插入语。
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如：Given…/Provided…
6. 动词不定式作插入语。
如：to be sure, to be frank，to tell you the truth，to be honest，to cut a long story short，to be exact，to put it another way，to put it simply等。
7. 代词词组作插入语。
如：all the same，all in all等。
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8. 从句。
如：if so / not / any, if I may say so, if you don't mind, as you know, as you say
9. 句子作插入语。
如：I say /hear, I think /hope / believe, you know / see, what's more, that is (to say), I'm afraid, do you think / suppose等。
注意：插入语如不在句首，前后应有标点隔开。
翻译下列句子，指出下列疑问句的类型
　1. Are you interested in Chinese calligraphy
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什么叫反意疑问句？
你喜欢中国书法吗？ 一般疑问句。
三、反意疑问句
2. Do you like sports or music
　3. How is everything going
1
你喜欢运动还是音乐？选择疑问句。
情况怎样？ 特殊疑问句。
4. Didn't you ask me to come here for a book
　5. Why not go on a holiday to relax yourself
1
你不是要我来拿一本书吗？ 修辞疑问句(反问句)。
何不去度假放松一下？修辞疑问句。
6. Nobody is perfect, are they
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没有人是十全十美的，是吗？ 反意疑问句。
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疑问句有很多形式，反意疑问句是疑问句的一种， 由前后两个部分组成。前一部分是对人或事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的提问。一般情况下，若陈述部分用肯定式，则疑问部分用否定式；反之，若陈述部分用否定式，则疑问部分用肯定式。反意疑问句既可以表示真实疑问，也可以表示说话人的某种倾向、强调或反问。
完成下列反意疑问句
　1. The students and their teacher are discussing how to improve their teaching efficiency, __________？
　2. The residents didn‘t agree to the former housing plan, __________？
3. He dislikes having porridge for breakfast, __________？
2
学习反意疑问句应注意哪些方面？
aren't they　
did they　
doesn't he
4. I don't believe such a theory holds water, __________？
　5. Everything is ready, __________？
　6. There seem to be 5 free buses to go to the mall, __________？
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does it　
isn‘t it
don't there
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学习反意疑问句应重点注意四点：
1．肯定和否定形式的选择。一般情况下，肯定和否定交错出现。但具体情况比较复杂，如加前缀，后缀构成的否定词视为肯定情况，那么疑问部分用否定。　
　 2.主语的确定。主语应转化为代词，而且要注意其单复数。如everything作主语，用单数代词it提问，但everybody作主语，用复数代词they提问。因
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此， 要把握常见句式提问时主语的规律性。
3．时态的照应。提问应注意前后时态的一致性。
4．复合句中要注意就主句提问还是从句提问。一般情况下，就主句提问，但否定前移的句式就从句提问。
学习反意疑问句的难点是要掌握足够量的典型句式，准确把握其正确用法。
　 完成下列反意疑问句
　 1. Dogs aren't friendly to cats, __________？
2. Let's have further discussion about it, __________？
　 3. Don't forget to phone me, __________？
3
反意疑问句常见句式有哪些？
are they　
will you
shall we　
4. He seldom watches TV, __________？
5. John said nobody was fit for the job, __________？
6. Nothing can stop us now, __________？
　7. Someone is waiting for you, __________？
8. There seemed to be any trouble, __________？
　9. We had to take the first train, __________？
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does he
didn't he
can it　
aren't they　
didn't there
didn't we　
10. My brother often has colds, __________？
11. I must answer the letter, ______________ ？
12. You must have studied English for many years, __________？
13. You'd like to have some tea, __________？
14. What beautiful weather, __________？
15. It is Tom and Jack who often play football, __________？
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doesn't he
　 needn't I / mustn't I
haven't you　
wouldn't you　
isn't it
isn't it　
16. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear, __________？
17. Burns dislikes dancing, __________？
18. Learning how to repair motors takes him a long time, __________？
19. I wish to go home now, __________？
20. I'm interested in English, __________？
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is it　
doesn't he　
doesn't it　
may I　
aren't I　
21. The Turners often go to the cinema on Sunday, __________？
22. That's not important, __________？
23. Everyone is here, __________？
24. Neither of the books is interesting, __________？
25. It's impossible, __________？
26. He has a good time on Sunday, __________？
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don't they　
is it
aren't they
are they　
isn't it　
doesn't he
27. You'd better go and ask for her now, __________？
28. I need help very much, __________？
29. He must be in the classroom, __________？
30. Please try on the coat, __________ ？
31. So you are right, __________？
32. What a lovely day, __________？
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hadn't you
don't I
　 isn't he　
will you/ won't you　
are you　
isn't it　
33. He said he was going to help me, __________？
34. We're not going to stay with our parents this summer, __________？
35. Neither you nor I am a doctor, __________？
36. You'd like to help with my work after school, __________？
37. I don't believe that he will come on time, __________？
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didn't he
are we　
are we　
wouldn't you
will he　
38. You don't know when the building will be completed, __________？
39. Tom has been reading stories, but he didn't read this afternoon, __________？
40. That China is a great socialist country is well known, __________？
41. There is little ink in my pen, __________？
42. She dislikes smoking, __________？
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do you　
did he
isn't it
is there　
doesn't she
43. He ought to go and ask him, _______________ ？
44. He used to get up early, ________________？
45. He has to go to see the doctor, __________？
46. We must study all the subjects well, __________？
47. You must have lost the book yesterday, __________？
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oughtn't he/ shouldn't he
usedn't he/ didn't he　
doesn't he
needn't we　
didn't you　
48. The girl daren't go home alone, __________？
49. Don't forget to write a letter to me, __________？
50. I don't suppose you can finish the work in time，__________？
51. It's my son's wedding and I'll have to look my best for it, __________？
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dare she
will you　
can you　
won't I　
52. Let me help you，__________？
may I　
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反意疑问句主要句式总结如下：
1. there be 句型中，反意疑问部分的主语用there。
2. I'm 结构中，反意疑问部分一般用aren't I。
3. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时，反意疑问部分通常就主句提问。
4. 主句为I think/I don't think, I suppose/I don't suppose, I believe/I don't believe的复合句时，反意疑问部分就从句提问，且要注意否定的转移。
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5．谓语动词为have/has/had，表示“有”含义时反意疑问部分可直接就其提问，也可以借助助动词does/do/did提问。谓语动词为have/has/had，不表示“有”含义时反意疑问部分只能借助助动词does/do/did提问。
6．当陈述部分带有never, nothing, nowhere, seldom, hardly, rarely, few, little 等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。
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7．当陈述部分的谓语动词是带有un ，in ，dis 等否定前缀的动词，则仍然把陈述部分看作肯定句，反意疑问部分用否定形式。
8．当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分在英式英语中可用ought也可用should形式。
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9．当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分需视must的含义而定。当must表示“命令或强制”时，反意疑问部分用mustn't。 当must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句用needn't。当must表示推测意义时，反意疑问部分不用mustn't，而根据对应的实际时态分别就一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时，现在完成时提问。
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10．当陈述部分带有need/dare时，根据need/dare的情态动词用法或实义动词用法来提问。
11．had better或 would rather/would like 时，反意疑问部分就had 或would提问。have to 借助助动词提问。
12．当陈述部分是肯定形式祈使句时，反意疑问部分一般用will you (would you)，won't you。当陈述部分是否定形式祈使句时，反意疑问部分一般用will you (would you)。
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13．Let's开头的祈使句时，反意疑问部分用shall we; Let us 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分则用will you。
14．I wish…或Let me …开头的祈使句，用May I提问。
15．非谓语动词作主语，常用it提问。
16．主语为句子，常用it提问。
17．It is /was…that强调句型， 常用it提问。
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18．陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
19．陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they。
20．并列复合句的疑问部分，就邻近分句提问。
21．陈述部分由neither…nor…， either…or…等连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
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22．陈述部分前有强调词，此时为反问语气，后面提问的肯定、否定形式与前面保持一致。
23．感叹句省略主语时，要就原来的主语提问。
根据实际情况回答下列反意疑问句
　1. — North Korea is a socialist country，isn't it
— ____________________.
　2. — India isn't a developing country，is it
— ____________________.
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反意疑问句怎样回答？
Yes，it is　
Yes, it is　
3. — Beijing isn't the capital of China, is it
— ____________________.
　4. — Shanghai isn't the capital of China, is it
— ____________________.
No, it isn't
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Yes, it is
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反意疑问句的回答分两种情况理解。当陈述部分是肯定时，与汉语回答是一致的，因而容易理解。重点是要掌握陈述部分为否定时，与汉语回答的不同之处。换言之，要排除汉语干扰，培养英语思维。陈述部分为否定的反意疑问句回答时注意三点。第一，回答时先完整地回答句子。如：India is a developing country(而不是简单回答It is); 第二，判断完整回答中的肯定或否定形式；第三，根据肯定或
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否定形式确定Yes或No，肯定用Yes否定用NO，注意回答的一致性。以“Shanghai isn't the capital of China, is it？”为例，第一，回答时先完整地回答句子： Shanghai is not the capital of China.(上海当然不是中国的首都); 第二，判断完整回答中的肯定或否定形式：否定；第三，根据否定形式确定No.注意回答的一致性：No，it isn't.可见，在陈述部分为否定的反意疑问句的回答中，Yes翻译成“不”，而No翻译成“是”。