课件14张PPT。第27讲 动词的时态中考对动词语态的考查主要是不同时态的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态。
动词的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。若主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的承受者为被动语态。注意动词中,只有及物动词有被动语态。高频考点一 常见时态的被动语态
①一般现在时:am/is/are+done.如:
It is made in China 它是中国制造的。
②一般过去时:was/were+done.如:
The bridge was built in 1980.这座桥建于1980年。
③一般将来时:will+be+done.如:
She will be trained by her father.她将受训于她爸爸。
④情态动词:情态动词+be+done.如:
Work must be done in two days.工作必须在两天之内完成。
⑤现在完成时:have/has+been+done.如:
The room has been cleaned.房间已经被打扫干净了。【例1】 Everyone in our class ________ to take part in the English Speech Contest.(2015,烟台)
A.is encouraged B.encourages
C.are encouraging D.are encouraged
解析:everyone作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,可排除C、D两项;分析题干可知everyone与谓语动词encourage构成被动关系,故应用被动语态。
答案:__A__【例2】 —Your scarf feels soft.Did you buy it in China?
—No,I bought it in France.But it ________ in China.(2015,昆明)
A.is making B.was made
C.makes D.made
解析:结合选项可知句意为“你的围巾摸上去很软。你在中国买的吗?”“不,我在法国买的。但是它在中国制造的。”空格前的it指代“围巾”,它与“制造”在逻辑上是被动的关系,故此处用被动语态。由题目可知“买围巾”是过去发生的动作,那么围巾也是在过去制造的,故用一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构为:was/were+过去分词。
答案:__B__【例3】 Tourists' bad behavior ________ by the government in our country from now on.(2015,陕西)
A.will record B.will be recorded
C.records D.is recorded
解析:分析句子结构可知,主语behavior是谓语动词record的承受者,要用被动语态。再由from now on“从现在起”可知,句子应用一般将来时态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为:will be+及物动词的过去分词。
答案:__B__【例4】 In the past few years,thousands of films ________ all over the world.
A.have produced B.have been produced
C.are producing D.are being produced
解析:由in the past few years“在过去的几年里”可知要用现在完成时。“films”作主语,须用被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态结构为:have/has+been+vt.(p.p).
答案:__B__高频考点二 语态用法的难点
①某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思。如:
This dictionary sells well.这种字典很畅销。
The woolen sweater costs $88.这件羊毛衫卖88美元。
The car needs repairing.=That car needs to be repaired.那辆车需要修理。
The soup tastes delicious.这汤尝起来味道很好。②主动语态中有些动词,如:make,see,listen,watch,feel后常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态要带上to。如:
He made the boy work for him.=The boy was made to work for him.这男孩被迫为他工作。
③动词短语变成被动短语时,动词短语后面的介词或副词不能省略。如:
The baby was looked after by her sister.这婴儿由她姐姐照顾。
His plan was laughed at by everyone.他的计划遭到每个人的嘲笑。④形容词cheap,comfortable,dangerous,important,interesting,nice等接不定式作状语时,不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:
A bicycle is cheap to run.使用自行车是很经济的。
This question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。
⑤形容词worth后接动名词时,该动名词的主动形式表被动意义。如:
The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。【例5】 The books ________ well.
A.sell B.sells C.is sold D.are selling
解析:本句中主语the books是复数,sell well意为“畅销”,句意为“这些书很畅销”。
答案:__B__【例6】 This pair of shoes________hand,and it ________very comfortable.(2016,原创)
A.is made with;is felt B.are made from;is felt
C.are made of;feels D.is made by;feels
解析:句意为“这双鞋是由手工制成的,感觉很舒服。”主语this pair of shoes是谓语动词动作的承受者,故用被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数,用is made by;feel为连系动词,不能用被动语态。
答案:__D__【例7】 If you see the cartoon film,you will________laugh.(2016,原创)
A.be made B.be made to
C.made to D.make
解析:由句意“如果你看到这部动画电影,你将会被逗笑。”可以判断用被动语态。动词make在主动语态中,后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补,而变成被动语态时to必须加上。
答案:__B__考点跟踪突破28 动词的语态
1.You can't wear shoes inside this place.It __B__.(2015,江西)
A.doesn't allow B.isn't allowed
C.hasn't allowed D.wasn't allowed
2.Chengdu is a greener city now because more and more trees __B__ every spring.(2015,成都)
A.were planted B.are planted
C.will be planted
3.—Have you watered those flowers,Tim?
—No.But they __C__ by my grandpa yesterday morning.(2015,黄石)
A.have been watered B.had been watered
C.were watered D.were watering
4.Something __B__ in our hometown since 2014.Now it ________ very modern.(2015,龙东)
A.is changed;is looked B.has changed;looks
C.changed;looks
5.—Han Hong __A__ by the reporter yesterday.
—She's great.She helped so many disabled people.(2015,龙东)
A.was interviewed B.is interviewed
C.is interviewing
6.In order to make Dandong more beautiful,more trees and flowers __C__ every year.(2015,丹东)
A.will plant B.should plant
C.should be planted D.must plant
7.When you __D__ a difficult task,try to continue with it and finish it.(2015,沈阳)
A.give B.are giving
C.gave D.are given
8.—I don't think sixteen-year-olds __D__ to drive.
—I agree.They aren't serious enough at that age.(2015,梅州)
A.can allow B.need be allowed
C.should allow D.should be allowed
9.The 31th Olympic Games __C__ in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil in 2016.(2015,梅州)
A.is held B.will hold
C.will be held D.is going to hold
10.The poor girl __B__ by the unfriendly boys when she told her story.(2015,宁夏)
A.laughed at B.was laughed at
C.laughs at D.is laughed
11.—China's hot words,like tuhao,dama and renxing,__D__ widely in the western media(媒体)last year.
—Really?(2015,鄂州)
A.use B.are used
C.used D.were used
12.—How often do I need to feed the dog?(2015,孝感)
—It __D__ food every day,or it will be hungry.
A.must give B.must be give
C.must gave D.must be given
13.Over $30,000 __B__ for a children's hospital by a British girl several months ago.
A.is raised B.was raised
C.will be raised D.has been raised
14.—Don't smoke here,Dad.Smoking __A__ in public places.
—Oh,sorry.I'll stop right now.(2015,福州)
A.isn't allowed B. aren't allowed
C.doesn't allow
15.—How clean your car is!
—Thank you.It __A__ very often.(2015,重庆)
A.is washed B.washes
C.was washed D.washed
16.Now it's much easier to shop online.When your order is ready,the things you want to buy __D__ to you soon.(2015,河南)
A.send B.were sent
C.are sending D.will be sent
17.—What does the sign on the right tell us?
—Oh,it tells us that we __B__ to stop our cars here.(2015,百色)
A.don't allow B.aren't allowed
C.didn't allow D.weren't allowed
18.The two girls __D__ how to dance one month ago and now they can dance well.(2015,北海)
A.taught B.have taught
C.are taught D.were taught
19.—Chinese tea is popular around the word.
—I agree.It __D__ to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.(2015,贵港)
A.bring B.brought
C.is brought D.was brought
20.Basketball __B__ by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith.(2015,河池)
A.is invented B.was invented
C.invented D.invents
21.Chinese __B__ by more and more people around the world.(2015,贺州)
A.spoken B.is spoken C.spoke D.speak
22.—Mary was heard __C__ just now.What happened?
—John was telling a joke.
A.laugh B.laughed
C.to laugh D.laughing
23.The cake looked bad,but it __A__ quite delicious.
A.tastes B.is tasted
C.was tasted D.tasted
24.Waste paper shouldn't __B__ everywhere.We must keep our school clean.
A.throw B.be thrown
C.be throwing D.have thrown