课件15张PPT。四川省英语第32讲 主谓一致中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点：
1．学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；“the＋姓氏名词复数”作主语；一些以s结尾的不可数名词作主语，如news，maths；“不定代词＋名词”作主语，如both of，neither等。
2．主语后带有with，except，like，as well as等介词短语。
3．就近原则，如there be句型，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。高频考向一 语法一致原则
语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。
①当and连接两个或多个名词，或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。
②不定代词either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。③由each，each...and each...，every...and every...，every...作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。
④主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，besides，like，except，but等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：
Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。⑤“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。
⑥“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)＋名词”和“分数或百分数＋名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。⑦由“a pair(a kind，a series...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作15双鞋。
⑧某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves...)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：
My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。
⑨不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。【例1】 We make it a rule that each of us ________ the bedroom one day a week.
A．has cleaned B．have cleaned
C．cleans D．clean
解析：“each每一个”强调个体，故用第三人称单数； “one day a week 一周一天”则表明指频度，应用一般现在时。
答案：__C__
【例2】 ________ that pair of ________ a little cheaper?
A．Is；glass B．Are；glass
C．Is；glasses D．Are；glasses
解析：a pair of后应接复数名词，其作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式
答案：__C__【例3】 The number of books in the bookshop is about 10，000 and a number of them ________ about science.(2016，原创)
A．is B．was C．are D．were
解析：由前半句中谓语动词is可推断出后半句中谓语动词也应用一般现在时；短语a number of作主语时，谓语动词应用复数。
答案：__C__高频考向二 意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念是单数还是复数。
①由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。③集体名词(如family，team，crowd，company，class，police，group，government...)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
④people，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
People are helping a girl find her mother.人们正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
⑤算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：
What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？【例4】 —How much ________ the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars ________ enough.
A．is；is B．is；are C．are；is D．are；are
解析：the pair of shoes的中心词是pair，则谓语动词用单数；把twenty dollars是金钱作主语，则谓语动词也用单数。
答案：____A高频考向三 就近原则
就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。指的是谓语动词的形式要与最靠近它的名词保持一致。
①由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)．..，not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。②There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：
There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。
【例5】 There ________ lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
解析：people是复数名词，则there be句型中谓语动词用复数，排除A和B；下文got为过去式，故主句也要用过去时。
答案：__D__【例6】 ________ Lily ________ Lucy is going with you because one of them must stay at home.
A．Not only；but also B．Neither；nor
C．Both；and D．Either；or
解析：根据主谓一致原则可排除A项；由下文“他们中的一个必须待在家里”，可知“要么露西要么莉莉与你一起去”。
答案：__D__【例7】 There ________ some flowers on the teacher's desk just now，but now there ________ nothing on it.
A．have；has B．were；has
C．were；is D．has ；has
解析：第一空应根据some flowers来确定谓语动词应用复数，just now表明是过去时；第二空根据nothing来判断谓语动词应用单数，now表明一般现在时。
答案：__C__考点跟踪突破32 主谓一致
1．—How many teachers are there in your school?
—__A__ them ________ over one hundred.(2015，龙东)
A．The number of；is B．The number of；are
C．A number of；are
2．Either you or I __C__ invited to the important meeting.(2015，百色)
A．be B．is C．am D．are
3．—Look！There __C__ a number of apples on those trees.
—Wow！I think the number of the apples ________ over 100.(2015，达州)
A．is；are B．is；is C．are；is D．are；are
4．—__B__ there any living things on the other planets?
—I have no idea.Maybe we can know more about that in the future.(2015，广东)
A．Is B．Are C．Has D．Have
5．—What are you going to do this weekend?
—I together with my classmates __B__ going to climb Mount Qian.(2015，咸宁)
A．is B．am C．are D．were
6．This pair of shoes __B__ me well，but the shoes ________ expensive.(2014，巴中)
A．fit；are B．fits；are C．fits；is
7．Oh，Jennifer with her parents __A__ dinner there.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．is having B．are having C．have
8．In China，plenty of rubbish __C__ every day because of the large population.(2014，玉林)
A．is producing B．are producing
C．is produced D．are produced
9．—What do you think of the environment here?
—Wonderful！__A__ of the land ________covered with trees and grass.(2014，随州)
A．Two fifths；is B．Two fifth；is
C．Two fifths；are D．Two fifth；are
10．—There __B__ so many foreigners in the streets these days.(2014，东营)
—They might be runners in the Yellow River Estuary(入海口)International Marathon.
A．is B．are C．have D．will be
11．Not only my friends but also I __B__ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.
A．be B．am C．is D．are
12．Doing exercise __C__ good for your health.
A．be B．am C．is D．are
13．There __C__ a book and three pens on the desk just now，but now there is nothing on it.
A．had B．were C．was D．is
14．Half of the class __A__ most of the work，some of the work ________really difficult.
A．have done；is B．has done；are
C．has done；is D．have done；are
15．Either Jane or her parents __D__ watching TV now.
A．were B．is C．was D．are
16．About 60 percent of the students __B__ from the south.The rest of them ________ from the north.
A．are；is B．are；are C．is；are D．is；is
17．The rich __A__ not always happy.
A．are B．is C．was D．were
18．Physics __B__ my favorite subject.
A．be B．is C．am D．are
19．The boy with two dogs __C__ when the earthquake happened.
A．were sleeping B．is sleeping
C．was sleeping D．are sleeping
20．There __C__ some milk in the fridge.I don't have to go shopping.
A．be B．am C．is D are
21．As the saying goes，no news __A__ good news.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
22．—Do you need more time to complete the task?
—Yes.Another ten days __A__ enough.(2014，广东)
A．is B．was C．are D．were
23．His family __B__ a large one，and now the whole family ________having dinner.
A．is；is B．is；are C．are；are D．are；is
24．The summer holidays are coming，so the twins as well as Jack __B__ to Hong Kong for vacation.(2014，黄石)
A．is going B．are going
C．goes D．go
25．Everyone except Tom and John __D__ there when the meeting began.
A．are B．is C．were D．was
