课件21张PPT。四川省英语第44讲 书面表达假设你是思湘，你的美国笔友艾米来信了解中国的传统节日端午节。请根据如下提示用英语写一篇80词以上的回信给她。注意：1.信中不允许出现与考生本人相关的真实姓名和校名等信息。
2．信的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
3．参考词汇：端午节the Dragon Boat Festival；为了纪念in memory ofDear Amy，
I learn from your letter that you_want_to_know_something_about_Chinese_traditional_festival—The_Dragon_Boat_Festival.
The_festival_has_a_history_of_more_than_2000_years.It_falls_on_the_fifth_day_of_the_fifth_month_according_to_the_Chinese_lunar_calendar.On_that_day，people_watch_exciting_dragon-boat_races_and_make_delicious_zongzi，a_kind_of_special_food_with_sticky_rice，meat_etc.wrapped_in_bamboo_leaves.These_two_are_both_done_in_memory_of_Qu_Yuan，a_great_poet_in_history.In a word，we all love the festival because it's a good reminder to look back on history and a wonderful time to get together with family.I hope that you can come to celebrate it with us in the near future.
Best wishes!
Si_Xiang书面表达题主要考查学生在特定的语境中综合运用语言进行表达的能力；同时，还考查学生英文书写的规范性、美观性等。
一、常见的书面表达题型
1．根据文体归类：日记、书信、通知、便条、启事、贺卡、发言稿、调查报告、记叙文、说明文及议论文等。然而许多试题都将记叙、议论、说明等表达方式融为一体，形成复合型的写作。
2．根据所提供的材料形式归类：图画作文、图表作文、提纲作文及命题作文等。这样的测试形式既有一定的控制性，又有一定的开放性，为考生展示其写作能力提供了发挥的空间。二、如何写出优美的文章
1．选准词语。
①语言是交流的工具。要使用通用的、合乎习惯的词语，切忌使用生僻的词汇。
②选词要达意，英语中有许多同义但用法不同的词汇或短语，切忌混淆用法。
③用词要简明扼要，在不确定的情况下，宁可用常用词简单明了地表达信息。2．写好句子。
①运用所学词汇、短语，结合一定的语法知识，按照句子的结构特点，直接用英语写出相应句子。
②运用固定句式表达信息，把比较复杂的句子分成两个或两个以上的简单句子，减少写错句的几率。
③把两个简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来，这样可提高文章的可读性，但在没有把握的情况下慎用。
④遇见生词或不熟悉的表达时，可以在保持原意的基础上，用不同的表达方式写出来。3．设计段落。
一个完整的段落要有主题句、拓展句及结尾句。正确运用连接词使语言衔接自然、行文流畅。
4．书写规范、卷面整洁。三、如何提升写作
1．熟悉五种基本句式及一些使用频率较高的句式。
2．收集优秀范文并大声朗读来扩展思路及培养语感。
3．坚持常规练习。即：词——词组——句子——段落——篇章。切记：简单句是主菜，要做到运用自如；复杂句是佐料，有之增色，缺之乏味，但不可舍本逐末，以免弄巧成拙。
4．仔细审题，要点齐全，人称及时态运用正确。【例1】 假设你和朋友将在今年暑假参加以“拥抱大自然”为主题的户外拓展夏令营，其中包括小组自由活动。请你为你们小组设计一个活动方案。
提示词语：climb mountains；go fishing；pick fruits；have a campfire (篝火晚会)
要求：1.写明你们组计划要做的具体活动，并给出理由；
2．提示词语仅供参考，可增减内容；
3．词数80～100。开头已给出，不计入总词数；
4．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名与地名。
We are going for a camp this summer.I'm glad to make a plan for our group.________________________ 解析：第一步：认真仔细地阅读提示，思考所提供的信息，计划文章大致内容。第二步：根据信息要求遣词造句，连句成文。第三步：通读全文，纠正错误，书写整洁。
写作要点：1.具体的活动要丰富多彩。2.写出安排这些活动的理由。
注意：此文是计划打算，应用将来时态。切忌写成流水账。【参考范文】
We_are_going_for_a_camp_this_summer.I'm_glad_to_make_a_plan_for_our_group.
First of all，we plan to climb mountains in the morning so that we can enjoy fresh air and watch beautiful sunrise.After that，we'll have a fruit-picking competition between boys and girls，which will help us know each other better.What's more，there will be a campfire.We can enjoy ourselves by singing，dancing and telling stories.Won't it be fantastic to share the relaxing moment with friends?
We are looking forward to the summer camp because we can forget the busy work at school，and I believe we'll have a wonderful time together.精彩再现：
①文章内容完整，叙述清楚，要点一目了然。
②使用了first of all，after that，what's more表顺序的副词来使文章条理更清晰，更流畅。
③经典句型：?we plan to climb mountains in the morning so that we can enjoy fresh air and watch beautiful sunrise.?Won't it be fantastic to share the relaxing moment with friends？?I believe we'll have a wonderful time together.【例2】 由于父母的溺爱，现在许多孩子基本不做学习以外的事情，导致独立生活能力不强。请你根据下面表格中的内容，按要求用英语写一篇短文，谈谈作为中学生，我们应该如何培养自己的独立性。(2015，海南)要求：1.语句通顺，意思连贯，语法正确，书写规范；
2．必须包括表格中所有内容，并做适当发挥；
3．行文中不得出现真实人名、校名或地名；
4．词数70左右。(短文的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)
注意：须把已给出的短文开头和结尾抄到答题卡的相应位置。
As middle school students，it's very important for us to be independent.What should we do to make us independent？First，___________________________________________
I think if we keep on doing these，we'll become more and more independent.解析：第一步：认真阅读题目要求，仔细观察表格中的内容。第二步：根据提示内容，把握好文章的中心，适当发挥。选用合适的表顺序的副词使文章条理清晰。第三步：通读全文，检查要点是否遗漏，纠正错误，书写要整洁。
注意：表达培养独立性的方法时，多用祈使句；描述可以做的事情时，可用到can，should，need等情态动词；写作时，时态应用一般现在时，人称采用第一人称，给出的要点不能遗漏，并且注意词数要求。【参考范文】
As_middle_school_students，it's_very_important_for_us_to_be_independent.What_should_we_do_to_make_us_independent？First，let's begin with our own things.It's our job to clean our own rooms and make our beds.Second，help with housework.We can help cook or clean the house in our free time.Doing housework teaches us how to look after ourselves.Third，learn actively.We should learn by ourselves and finish our homework on time.Finally，think about things by ourselves.We sometimes need to make plans or decisions alone.Don't always depend on others.
I_think_if_we_keep_on_doing_these，we'll_become_more_and_more_independent.精彩再现：
①整篇文章结构完整，内容详尽，要点明确。
②层次清晰。先表明自己观点，后用first，second，third，finally等表顺序的副词把观点一一陈列，清楚明了，条理分明。
③经典句型：?It's our job to...?Doing housework teaches us how to look after ourselves.?Don't always depend on others.假设你的名字是Li Ping，请你用英文给加拿大学生David发一封电子邮件，主要内容包括：
1．在网上得知他想要找一位中国学生做笔友，表示自己愿意成为他的笔友；
2．进行简要的自我介绍：性别与年龄(或出生年份)；业余爱好(比如音乐和足球等)；6年前开始学习英语；将于今年9月进入高中；
3．希望今后你们能经常交流，互相有更多的了解；盼望他的回复。
注意：1.文中不得出现涉及考生真实信息的人名、地名或校名；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．词数70～100，开头、结尾和部分要点已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear David，
On the Internet I got the information that you are looking for a Chinese students as your pen-pal.
First_of_all，let_me_introduce_myself_to_you.Born_in_April，2001，I_am_an_outgoing_boy/girl_in_a_beautiful_city_in_north_China.This_September，I_am_entering_senior_high_school.I_like_music_and_soccer，which_help_me_relax_after_tiring_school_days.As_for_my_subjects，I_like_English_best.And_I_don't_think_there_will_be_too_much_trouble_for_us_to_communicate_because_I_have_learned_English_for_six_years.I_hope_we_can_know_more_about_each_other_and_become_good_friends_as_soon_as_possible.
Looking_forward_to_hearing_from_you.
Yours，
Li Ping考点跟踪突破44 书面表达
训练一
A(2015，黑河)
在竞争激烈的当今社会，作为一名中学生，承受着来自生活和学习等多方面的压力。你以 How to Reduce the Pressure 为题，谈一谈你是怎样减缓压力的。
要求：
1．词数：80 词左右。
2．字迹工整，语言流畅，表达准确，逻辑清晰。
3．文章内容可适当发挥。
One_possible_version：
How_to_Reduce_the_Pressure
Nowadays，we_are_under_too_much_pressure.It's_not_good_for_our_development.In_order_to_reduce_the_pressure，I_often_do_some_sports，such_as_running，swimming_and_playing_basketball.I_also_hang_out_with_my_friends_when_I_feel_stressed.Listening_to_music_is_a_good_way_for_me_to_relax，especially_light_music_and_pop_songs.It's_very_helpful_to_talk_with_my_friends_or_my_parents.They_can_understand_me_better.These_ways_of_relaxing_help_me_a_lot.Now_I_am_more_confident_and_do_better_than_before.
B(2015，成都)
请根据以下交通事故因素(factors)统计图表，以“Major causes of traffic accidents”为题，用英语写一篇简短的分析报告，向学校英语报投稿。
注意：
1．报告需逐条陈述下面 pie chart 和 bar chart(柱状图)中呈现的主要内容。(至少 5 点)
2．提出你对交通安全总的看法。(至少 2 点)
3．词数：100 词左右，所给标题不计入总词数。
Major Causes of Traffic Accidents
Nowadays，there_are_always_kinds_of_traffic_accidents_reports_from_newspapers，TV_news_and_so_on.As_a_result，it's_important_for_us_to_analyze_the_major_causes.The_followings_are_two_reports：
According_to_the_pie_chart，there_are_mainly_three_factors:_85%_is_about_driver_factors；5%_is_from_vehicle_factors_and_10%_is_road_environment_factors.Among_them，it's_quite_clear_that_the_first_one_is_the_key_point.So_another_bar_chart_points_that_there_are_4_reasons_to_cause_it，including_speeding_which_is_50%，drunk_driving_which_holds_15%，tired_driving_which_is_26%_as_well_as_not_using_seatbelt_which_is_25%.
In_my_opinion，everyone_should_keep_in_mind_that_traffic_safety_is_one_of_the_most_ways_in_our_life.At_the_same_time，we_should_try_our_best_to_obey_the_traffic_rules.The_harder_we_try，the_happier_our_life_will_be!
C(2015，荆州)
今天是6月21日，父亲节。假设你是李明，你早起为爸爸做早餐，煮了一碗鸡蛋面条。现在请你按照下表提示内容，用英语写一则日记。
煮面条的过程
水，面条，鸡蛋，佐料 ……(3—4个步骤)
爸爸吃面条后的感受
美味，高兴，夸奖 ……
你的想法和打算
自豪，感恩，祝福，多帮助父母分担家务 ……
要求：
1．请使用恰当的关联词叙述做面条的过程。
2．可以适当增加内容，但是文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。
3．语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范。
4．词数80左右。日记开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Sunday，June 21Sunny
Today is Father's Day.I got up early andI_cooked_breakfast_for_my_father.First，I_boiled_some_water_in_the_pot_and_cooked_eggs_and_noodles_in_it_for_a_few_minutes.Then_I_cut_up_some_vegetables_and_meat，put_them_in_another_pot_of_hot_soup.Finally，I_put_the_noodles_in_the_big_bowl，added_eggs，meat，vegetables_and_some_salt.My_father_had_the_noodles_happily.He_said_it_was_delicious.I_felt_proud_and_happy，too.From_now_on，I_will_help_my_parents_do_more_housework.I_hope_my_parents_are_in_good_health_forever.
D(2015，宜昌)
假如你是Kim，请给你最想交流的人写一封信，介绍你某一学科的一次考试，包括考前、考中和考后的感受。
提示：1. 请补全横线上的称谓；
2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名及地名；
3. 词数在80词左右，开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear _Carol,_
I'm writing to tell you about my English_exam.You_know_I'm_not_good_at_English.I_find_it_difficult.My_English_teacher_advised_me_to_listen_to_something_interesting_and_do_more_exercises.I_did_what_she_told_me_and_made_progress.We_had_an_English_exam_last_week.I_was_very_nervous.But_I_tried_to_keep_my_cool_and_did_very_carefully.For_the_first_time_I_did_well.I'm_so_happy_and_I_feel_successful_now.I_want_to_share_my_happiness_with_you.Let's_help_each_other.
Yours，
Kim
Possible_version_(2)：
Dear_mum_and_dad，
___I'm_writing_to_tell_you_about_my_math_exam.I'm_sorry_I_failed_again.Before_the_test，I_didn't_sleep_well，and_I_had_a_headache.So_when_the_test_began_the_next_day，I_felt_a_little_nervous_and_didn't_do_very_well.After_the_exam_the_teacher_talked_to_me，and_I_promised_him_to_work_harder.I_will_make_good_use_of_time_and_listen_carefully_in_class.I'll_ask_the_teacher_for_help_after_class.Please_don't_be_angry.I'm_sure_I'll_improve_my_math_quickly.Believe_me_and_I_can_fly.
Yours，
Kim
E(2015，泉州)
雷锋同志说过：“我要把有限的生命，投入到无限的为人民服务之中去。 ”请以“Everyone Needs Help”为题，写一篇作文。
提示：
1．Did you give any help to people when they needed?
2．Did you get any help from others？Tell your story or his(her)story…
要求：◆词数：90 个左右。文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
◆书写工整，拼写、语法正确，内容层次分明。
◆全文中不要提及真实的校名和人名。
Everyone Needs Help
In our daily life，everyone needs help.Here let me tell you a story.One day，I saw a little girl was walking across the street.Suddenly an old man fell down while he was crossing a street.The little girl ran towards the old man at once，but she was so short that she couldn't help him to stand.I helped her and we together brought the old man to the safety.The old man thanked us over and over again.The little girl and I were very happy because we helped the old man.In my opinion，helping each other makes everyone happy and gets well with each other.So let's help those who need help from now on.
F(2015，南充)
亲爱的同学，你喜欢阅读吗？在全民阅读活动中，我校定于4月23日为全校读书日。请你为我校拟定一则海报宣传读书日。字数：80—100，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。文中包含以下几点：
1．阅读很容易，不受时间、地点限制。
2．阅读能给我们带来快乐。(如：能与智者为伴……)
3．阅读非常有用。(如：能帮我们解决生活中的难题……)
4．你关于阅读的做法和打算(1—2点即可)。
参考词汇：open up，communicate…with…，improve，wisemen，knowledge…
要求：①书写规范、工整，条理清晰。
②不逐字翻译，可适当发挥。
③文中不得出现真实人名、地名、校名等。
Dear students，
Reading is not only a good habit but an enjoyable thing.
Firstly，it's_easy_to_keep_on_reading.We_can_read_anywhere_and_anytime_if_we_want.Secondly，we_may_communicate_with_the_wisemen_all_over_the_world_by_reading，it_can_open_up_our_eyes_to_the_outside_world_and_bring_us_happiness.Thirdly，reading_is_useful_for_each_of_us.We_can_learn_much_knowledge_from_the_books_to_solve_the_problems_we_meet_every_day.Since_reading_is_so_important，I'm_going_to_read_more_on_weekends_or_during_the_vacations.
In a word，books are our best friends and teachers.Let's enjoy reading and enjoy our life.
训练二
A(2015，德阳)
假设你是张伟，你的英国笔友Frank来信告诉你，他因长时间打游戏与父母发生了争吵，很难过。请你根据以下要点及要求，用英语写封回信。
要求：1.长时间打游戏是错的，父母是对的；
2．打游戏浪费时间、伤害眼睛、不利于学习；
3．理解尊重父母，与他们好好相处；
4．向父母道歉，与他们沟通；
5．不打游戏，努力学习，帮父母做家务。
要求：1.必须包括以上所有要点，并可适当发挥；
2．词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
3．不能出现真实的人名、校名及地名。
Dear Frank，
I've received your letter and I know you argued with your parents.I really worry about you.I thinkit's_wrong_for_you_to_spend_much_time_on_computer_games_and_it's_right_for_your_parents_to_ask_you_not_to_do_so.Playing_computer_games_not_only_wastes_your_time_but_also_hurts_your_eyes.And_it's_not_good_for_your_study，either.You_should_understand_your_parents_and_respect_them.You_should_learn_to_get_on_well_with_them.So_you_must_say_sorry_to_them_and_communicate_with_them.You_should_not_play_computer_games.Study_harder_and_help_to_do_more_chores_at_home.
Please be happy and everything will be better.
Yours，
Zhang Wei
B(2015，贺州)
在提倡和谐的社会里，我们怎么样才能成为一名“讲文明，懂礼貌，守纪律”的中学生？请根据下面的提示，以“How to Be a Good Student？”为题写一篇词数80词左右的短文。
提示：1.家庭表现：爱父母，帮助父母做一些力所能及的家务等。
2．学校表现：遵守校规，与同学友好相处。
3．公共场合表现：勿大声喧哗，坐公车时应主动让位给老人等。
要求：文章必须包括所给提示中1—3项的内容，可展开思路，自由地适当发挥。文章中不能出现真实姓名，校名和其他真实信息。
How to Be a Good Student?
As_a_student，it's_necessary_and_important_to_behave_well.
When_we_come_back_home_from_school，we_should_try_our_best_to_help_our_parents.When_we_are_at_school，we_should_get_on_well_with_our_schoolmates_and_teachers.We_should_also_help_each_other.We_should_follow_the_school_rules，too.In_public，we_should_be_ready_to_help_others_who_are_in_trouble.We'd_better_not_talk_or_laugh_loudly.When_we_are_on_a_bus，we_should_offer_our_seats_to_the_old_and_the_women_with_babies.
In a word，wherever we are，we should behave well to be good students.If we do，our society will be better and better.
C(2015，达州)
目前，举国畅行勤俭节约、反对铺张浪费。我们中学生应当在这些行动中该做些什么呢？请根据下面要求，联系实际，适当发挥，以“Save Food and Eat Healthily”为题，写一篇80词左右的英语短文。
要求：1.条理清楚，有表明自己观点的句子。
2．书写工整，句式规范，标点符号和大小写使用正确。
3．短文中应尽量包括提示内容，可适当发挥，但不能出现真实的人名、地名。文章开头已给出，不计入总数。
4．参考词汇：junk food，order the food，eat up，restaurant，healthy food.
Save Food and Eat Healthily
At present, our government has called on the people to save food.As_middle_school_students，it's_our_duty_to_do_something_for_it.
To_save_food，we_should_remember_that_at_any_time_we_should_eat_up_all_the_food_and_shouldn't_waste_any_of_food.Especially，when_we_eat_out，we_should_order_the_food_that_we_can_rightly_eat.Because_many_people_in_our_country_don't_have_enough_food_to_eat.
To_eat_healthily，we_should_eat_healthy_food_instead_of_junk_food_at_school_or_at_home.Of_course，we_may_eat_in_the_restaurant_in_case_we_have_no_time，but_not_too_often.
At_last，we_hope_that_we_all_work_together_at_once.
D(2015，陕西)
请根据提示内容，以“A visit to ________ home”为题，为学校英文报写一篇短文，叙述你“走亲戚或访友”的一次经历。
要求：1、请将短文题目补充完整；
2、参考提示内容，可适当发挥；
3、语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
4、文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)；
5、词数：不少于70词。
One_possible_version：
A_visit_to_a_friend's_home
Last_Sunday_afternoon，I_wen_to_my_friend's_home.It_was_not_far，so_I_went_there_by_bike.In_her_home，we_watched_English_movies_and_listened_to_music.We_also_made_some_toys_with_old_clothes.It_was_not_easy，but_we_tried.We_cut_the_clothes_into_pieces_and_put_the_pieces_and_other_things_together.At_last，the_pieces_were_made_into_different_toys.How_lovely_they_were!_We_had_much_fun_when_we_did_it.We_were_proud.What_a_pleasant_visit!
E(2015，义乌)
你校英语社团正在开展主题为 What should a good teacher be like？的讨论，为此你采访了一些学生和家长。请根据下表内容，用英语写一篇短文进行交流，并阐述你的观点。
Students' opinions
Get on well with students.
Give active and lively classes.
Parents' opinions
Have plenty of knowledge…
Be strict with students.
Your opinions
注意：(1)文章必须包括表中所有内容，可适当增加细节；
(2)你的观点至少两条，不能重复表中的观点；
(3)词数：80—100；
(4)短文首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。
短文首句：Students and parents have different opinions about what a good teacher should be like.
What_should_a_good_teacher_be_like?
Students_and_parents_have_different_opinions_about_what_a_good_teacher_should_be_like.As_for_students，they_think_a_good_teacher_should_get_along_well_with_their_students.And_they_are_supposed_to_try_to_make_their_classes_lively_and_active_so_that_students_can_learn_better_with_great_interest.Different_from_students，parents_think_it's_very_important_for_a_good_teacher_to_have_plenty_of_knowledge.What's_more，teachers_should_be_strict_with_their_students.
In my opinion，the most important thing for a good teacher is to trust and encourage students，especially those who have difficulties in learning.Anyway，they are expected to help their students learn how to learn well.
F(2015，营口)
健康是一个永恒的话题。班级将召开以“关注健康”为主题的班会，请你根据以下提示，写一篇短文，谈谈你的看法和做法。
要点如下：1.Is it important to keep healthy? Why?
2．What did you do in the past?
3．What are you going to do to keep healthy？(至少写出三条)
温馨提示：1.书写工整、规范，语言表达准确，语意通顺、连贯，文中不得出现真实校名和姓名。
2．文章必须包含提示的所有内容，可适当发挥。
One possible version：
I_think_it's_very_important_to_keep_healthy.It_can_help_us_to_live_a_happy_life.
However，I_didn't_care_about_my_health_in_the_past.I_hardly_ever_exercised.I_didn't_like_eating_vegetables.I_liked_junk_food_and_ate_it_every_day.I_used_to_stay_up_and_get_up_late.
I_want_to_be_healthy.Firstly，I'm_going_to_exercise_every_day.Secondly，I'm_going_to_eat_more_vegetables_and_fruit.what's_more，I_will_go_to_bed_early.
I_think_we_can_take_some_other_ways_to_keep_healthy.
