广东省佛山市第六中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末质量检测考试英语试卷（含答案）
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| 名称 | 广东省佛山市第六中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末质量检测考试英语试卷（含答案） |  | |
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佛山市第六中学 高二下 期末质量检测考试
英语试题
姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Embark on an exhilarating expedition across the ancient trade routes, commencing your 5-day odyssey from the heart of China to the vibrant lands of Central Asia.
Day 1 in Turpan, China: Commence your journey in the oasis city of Turpan, where you will delve into the intricate Karez Well System—a testament to the ingenuity of ancient irrigation techniques that persist in their operational capacity to this day. As the sun sets on your inaugural day, retreat to the tranquility of a family-owned vineyard, where you can meander through the verdant vineyards, engaging in conversations with the hospitable locals to gain insights into their customary way of life.
Day 2 in Urumqi, China: With the first light of dawn, set forth from Turpan to the bustling metropolis of Urumqi, the political epicenter of Xinjiang. Post a nourishing breakfast, immerse yourself in the cultural tapestry of the Xinjiang Museum, a treasure trove of diverse artworks, meticulously crafted handiworks, and historical artifacts. As you prepare to wing your way to Kashgar, seize the opportunity to amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao Market, the most expansive marketplace in Xinjiang, teeming with a medley of goods.
Day 3 in Kashgar, China: Devote this day to the leisurely exploration of Kashgar, commencing with a visit to the bustling Handicrafts Street, a cornucopia of artisanal treasures ranging from copper wares to metal and porcelain masterpieces. Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances. As the day draws to a close, retire to your lodgings for a rejuvenating night's rest in anticipation of the forthcoming voyage to Osh.
Day 4 in Osh, Kyrgyzstan: Upon reaching the second city of Kyrgyzstan, Osh, immerse yourself in the National Historical and Archaeological Museum Complex, a repository of cultural artifacts, handiworks, and sculptures that narrate the region's storied past. Subsequently, venture to the Jayma Bazaar, the most expansive marketplace in Central Asia, whose origins are rooted in the bygone era of the Silk Road. Should your interest lie in the silken threads of history, inquire of your guide to lead you to the Yodgorlik Silk Factory, a sanctuary where the age-old manual silk-making process is preserved.
Day 5 in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: Conclude your journey with a serene morning train excursion, culminating in your arrival at Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan. Dedicate the day to the exploration of the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa, a pivotal city from the Parthian Empire's early annals. As evening descends, return to the city to savor a meal and embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History, where the chronicles of the nation are enshrined.
1.On which day can a tourist have a tea-tasting experience？ ______
A. Day 1. B. Day 2. C. Day 3. D. Day 4.
2.What does the tour in Urumqi and Osh have in common？ ______
A. Staying at a local farm. B. Shopping at a market.
C. Visiting an ancient city. D. Dancing with local people.
3.Where can a tourist visit a museum in the evening？ ______
A. Turpan. B. Kashgar. C. Osh. D. Ashgabat.
B
The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades. This belief is not unfounded, but rather stems from the ongoing advancements in aerospace engineering and materials science.
As an aerospace engineer and a physics professor, the allure of a space elevator—a colossal cable extending from Earth's surface into space, facilitating the transportation of both people and cargo—remains a compelling subject of study. In recent years, innovative approaches to design and engineering have surfaced, providing new insights into the feasibility and functionality of space elevators.
The rationale for constructing a space elevator is multifaceted. Firstly, it presents a significant opportunity for energy and cost efficiency, offering a more practical alternative to traditional rocket-based space travel.
The economic and environmental benefits are substantial, as the space elevator would reduce the need for fuel-intensive rocket launches.
Secondly, the space elevator would revolutionize accessibility to space. The term "space mission" could evolve into "transit," reflecting the routine and weather-independent nature of space travel. This shift would not only make space travel safer for astronauts, mitigating the risks associated with rocket launches, but also open up the cosmos to a broader range of individuals and purposes.
Moreover, the space elevator acts as a gateway to the solar system. By releasing a payload at different points along the elevator, one could achieve orbit around Earth or the sun, depending on the release point, all without the need for propulsion.
While it may seem that I am an advocate for the space elevator, my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future. In a world facing numerous challenges, the pursuit of such ambitious projects allows us to dream of a time when humanity becomes responsible stewards of our planet, reaching for the stars while preserving our home.
4.What's the function of Paragraph 1
A. To introduce the topic. B. To set a background.
C. To make a comparison. D. To give an example.
5.What does the underlined phrase "tinker with" mean in Paragraph 3
A. Abandon. B. Improve. C. Establish. D. Discuss.
6.What is the purpose of building a space elevator
A. To please science fiction fans. B. To promote space tourism.
C. To protect astronauts' safety. D. To make space travel easier.
7.What is the author's attitude towards space elevators
A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Dismissive.
C
We are currently experiencing an unprecedented era in the realm of space exploration, marked by a surge in the retrieval and study of celestial samples. This "golden age" is characterized by the active efforts of global space agencies to gather and analyze material from various celestial bodies, including asteroids, moons, and planets.
China's Chang'e 5 mission stands out as a recent triumph in this endeavor. On December 17, the Chang'e 5 lunar probe successfully concluded its journey by landing in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, as reported by China Daily. This mission, the first lunar sample-return endeavor since 1976, managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust, utilizing advanced drilling technology and robotic arms.
Similarly, on December 6, Japan's Hayabusa 2 probe achieved a remarkable feat by returning a capsule filled with samples from the asteroid Ryugu. This marks the second instance of asteroid samples being collected and brought back to Earth, following the original Hayabusa spacecraft's accomplishment in 2010.
The momentum in this field is set to continue, with NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft anticipated to return to Earth in 2023, carrying samples from the asteroid Bennu. Additionally, Russia's Lunar-25 mission is poised to launch in 2021, with the objective of collecting lunar samples.
The significance of these sample-return missions cannot be overstated. They hold the potential to shed light on long-standing mysteries that have baffled scientists, such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth. As Ann Nguyen, a NASA planetary scientist, emphasizes, "I cannot emphasize enough how valuable return samples are for increasing our understanding of the origin and evolution of our solar system and our place in the universe, and how we came to be."
Upon arrival on Earth, these celestial samples undergo meticulous analysis using sophisticated instruments. These analyses can yield more detailed insights than what can be gleaned from photographs or robotic rovers alone.
In the case of the Chang'e 5 lunar samples, scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments to determine the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lunar material. This comprehensive understanding will contribute to a deeper comprehension of the moon's history and, by extension, the broader history of our solar system.
Though we have only begun to explore the surface of these celestial bodies, both in a literal and figurative sense, the knowledge we have gained is already substantial. The journey of discovery is far from over, with a wealth of mysteries still waiting to be unveiled.
8.What do we know about the Chang'e 5 lunar probe
A. It was launched on Dec 17.
B. It collected the world's first lunar sample.
C. It brought back 1,713 grams of lunar samples.
D. It completed the most successful mission recently.
9.Which of the following collected the first asteroid samples
A. Hayabusa. B. Hayabusa 2.
C. OSIRIS-REx. D. Russia's Lunar-25.
10.What can the samples shed light on (阐明)
A. The origin of life. B. Structure of the solar system.
C. Which celestial bodies have water. D. How water first appeared on the moon.
11.What will scientists do with the samples
A. Analyze them and conduct experiments. B. Determine their sources.
C. Compare them with space photos. D. Scratch their surfaces.
D
Within the cinematic universe of "The Martian," Matt Damon embodies the role of an astronaut who cultivates sustenance on the Martian terrain, a testament to human ingenuity in the face of isolation on the crimson celestial sphere.
Following their cinematic enlightenment, Michael Allen, a physicist hailing from Washington State University, and Helen Joyner, a food scientist from the University of Idaho, resolved to initiate a pedagogical exploration. They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. Utilizing a scoring mechanism, students are challenged to identify and propagate three varieties of nourishment on the Martian terrain.
Allen encountered a remarkable diversity in outcomes: among a cohort of thirty students, "there has not been a single instance of identical responses," he remarked.
Future Martian voyagers will, in all likelihood, be compelled to harness the native resources of the planet rather than transporting all necessities aboard a spacecraft. This implies the necessity of cultivating their own nourishment on an extraterrestrial sphere, one that boasts an ecosystem markedly divergent from that of Earth.
One formidable impediment for prospective Martian habitués is the absence of agricultural implements. In congruence with actual astronauts, student participants in the study are precluded from amassing an extensive array of farming tools. As Joyner articulated to his student space explorers, "You commence your journey with a vacuum of resources."
Furthermore, students are confronted with the predicament of a severely restricted dietary selection. "Could I endure a diet confined to a single sustenance for the entirety of my existence " posed Joyner.
Nevertheless, Allen perceives the case study as transcending the realms of agriculture and nutrition on the Red Planet.
"I am not imparting knowledge solely on the cultivation of food on Mars," Allen declared. "I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues."
12.In the case study, students have to ______.
A. watch the movie to know the conditions on Mars
B. decide which crop to grow on Mars with the help of the teachers
C. design different types of diets on Mars for them to choose
D. understand how to farm on Mars with their favorite farming tools
13.The underlined word "proposal" in the second paragraph can be replaced by ______ .
A. exploration B. recommendation C. adventure D. movement
14.Michael Allen thinks that the case study ______ .
A. increases students' knowledge about farming
B. helps student know more about Mars
C. develops students' skills of solving problems
D. teaches students how to make proper choices
15.The passage is mainly intended ______.
A. to describe a research on how to farm on Mars
B. to prepare us to deal with problems on Mars
C. to teach us how to survive on Mars alone
D. to introduce a Hollywood movie, The Martian
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These "astronaut gardeners" share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. (16) Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. (17) Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.
(18) Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't "know" to grow down, leaves don't "know" to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. (19) Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. (20) Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
When I was a young boy I was in a poor neighborhood as a foster ( 领养) child. I was (22) to spend lots of time alone. I would often wander the neighborhoods on my own and (24) to help rake (用耙子耙平) a yard, mow a lawn ( 割草), or wash some walls (26) some pocket money just to buy some clothes or candy.
Once I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her leaves raked in the yard. She asked why I was not in school and I (28) her my torn trousers and shoes, which were (30) and no longer keeping my feet warm and (32) . And when I finished the work she gave me some (34) . She said, "I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and (36) school. I also want you to come back and (38) me with your report card and I will reward you when I see you have worked hard and have some good (40) ."
I returned several times to see the woman in the corner house and she did just as she (42) . She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time I (44) showed her I had an "A" or "B". And over the next couple of years, she continued to be this (46) influence in my life as brief as it was and I never knew her name.
I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighborhood into a different home, with another family. I will of course never (48) the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life with her (50) . This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again.
21 A. encouraged B. reminded C. allowed D. forced
22 A. happen B. decide C. continue D. offer
23 A. in exchange for B. in need of C. in terms of D. in return for
24 A. introduced B. showed C. brought D. left
25 A. ugly B. smelly C. worn D. strange
26 A. hidden B. cleaned C. presented D. protected
27 A. food B. money C. clothes D. drink
28 A. return to B. leave for C. turn off D. go by
29 A. challenge B. visit C. pay D. serve
30 A. words B. friends C. marks D. jobs
31 A. designed B. promised C. complained D. compared
32 A. nervously B. secretly C. proudly D. luckily
33 A. amusing B. doubtful C. indirect D. positive
34 A. believe B. forget C. consider D. understand
35 A. measurement B. situation C. instruction D. inspiration
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36. Located in a natural depression in Guizhou, China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, (36) (know) as FAST, has identified six pulsars (脉冲星) after one year of trial operation. It is the first time Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists, thus (37) (open) a "new era of Chinese original space discovery".
It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year. Since the first pulsar (38) (discover), over 2,700 pulsars have been identified. But almost all of them are (39) the scope of the Milky Way. Being the world's largest radio telescope, FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the galaxy. Apart from the massive size, it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity, allowing scientists (40) (find) previously hidden stars. Moreover, FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple (41) (science) data at once, (42) enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals. Its innovative engineering concept and design pave (43) new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way.
China's FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary, and has the potential to revolutionize other (44) (area) of the natural sciences. It (45) (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years.
五、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共15分。
46. 随着人工智能技术的飞速发展，你班同学就“人工智能是否会取代人类工作”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，人工智能可以提高生产效率，解放人类从事更有价值的工作；也有人认为人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量失业，影响社会稳定。请你根据以上情况写一篇报告，并发表自己的观点。
写作内容要点：
人工智能技术的发展现状。
人工智能对工作和社会的影响。
个人对人工智能未来发展的看法。
注意：
(1)写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯；
(2)词数100左右。
六、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。
47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Inhabiting a modest hamlet, the Meredith household found themselves amidst a period of economic downturn. During this time, a significant portion of the local populace faced unemployment, leading to widespread financial distress. Numerous families grappled with the daily struggle to sustain their livelihoods, and a sense of communal solidarity emerged as individuals endeavored to provide mutual support in the face of adversity.
Among the residents of this community, Mrs. Meredith stood out as an epitome of benevolence and consideration. She dedicated considerable hours to engaging with those less fortunate, acutely aware of their plights and the diverse forms of assistance they required. Whenever feasible, she would extend her aid by delivering provisions and medical supplies to those in need.
On a particular morning, Mrs. Meredith recounted to her offspring—John, Harry, and Clara—about a family she had encountered the previous day. The family was comprised of an indisposed patriarch confined to his bed, his spouse who, burdened with caregiving responsibilities, was unable to seek employment, and their young son. The boy, Bernard, had captured her interest significantly.
She expressed a desire for her children to witness Bernard's situation, highlighting his role as a significant support to his mother and his earnest desire to contribute financially, despite the apparent lack of opportunities.
Once their mother departed, the siblings convened, contemplating Bernard's predicament. Clara voiced her empathy, wishing to facilitate his financial independence, acknowledging the profound hardship endured by his family.
Echoing her sentiments, Harry concurred, emphasizing the necessity of devising a strategy to alleviate their plight.
Initially silent, John eventually rose abruptly, exclaiming his inspiration. He proclaimed the conception of a plan that could be collaboratively executed to aid Bernard.
His siblings, intrigued, eagerly awaited his proposal. John's ideas were renowned for their ingenuity, and he proposed, "Consider the substantial crate of maize that Uncle John bestowed upon us. We could transform it into popcorn, package it in paper sacks, and empower Bernard to distribute and vend it throughout the neighborhood."
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para1: When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too._____________________________________________________________
Para2:With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析
第一部分：阅读理解
文章A：旅行日志
文体：叙述文
主题：中亚古贸易路线的旅行体验
主要内容：描述了从中国到中亚的5天旅行经历，涉及不同地点的特色活动和文化体验。
答案：C. Day 3.
解析：第三天在喀什的行程中提到了在历史悠久的茶馆休息，可以与友好的社区交流，参与他们的对话和充满活力的舞蹈。原文中"Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances."表明了在茶馆中可以体验品茶。
答案：B. Shopping at a market.
解析：在乌鲁木齐和奥什的行程中，都提到了逛市场这一活动。乌鲁木齐的行程中提到了"amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao
Market"，而奥什的行程中提到了"venture to the Jayma Bazaar"，表明两个城市都有购物体验。
答案：D. Ashgabat.
解析：在第五天的行程中，提到了晚上访问阿什哈巴德国家历史博物馆。原文中"embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History"说明了晚上可以参观博物馆。
文章B：太空电梯
文体：说明文
主题：太空电梯的概念及其潜在影响
主要内容：讨论了太空电梯的设计理念、优势和对未来太空探索的意义。
答案：A. To introduce the topic.
解析：第一段提出了太空电梯这一主题，说明了它从科幻小说走向现实的可能性。原文中"The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades."引出了主题。
答案：B. Improve.
解析：第三段中提到了对太空电梯设计和工程的创新方法，"innovative approaches to design and engineering have surfaced, providing new insights into the feasibility and functionality of space elevators."表明了对现有概念的改进。
答案：D. To make space travel easier.
解析：在讨论建造太空电梯的理由时，文中提到了它将使太空旅行更加实用，"the space elevator would reduce the need for fuel-intensive rocket launches."说明了其目的是简化太空旅行。
答案：C. Optimistic.
解析：作者对太空电梯的态度是乐观的，认为它对我们的未来具有潜力，"my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future."反映了作者的乐观态度。
文章C：太空探索的黄金时代
文体：新闻报道
主题：太空样本回收和研究的当前进展
主要内容：介绍了当前全球太空机构在回收和研究天体样本方面的活跃努力。
答案：C. It brought back 1,713 grams of lunar samples.
解析：文中提到中国的嫦娥5号探测器成功带回了月球样本，"managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust"直接说明了带回的样本重量。
答案：A. Hayabusa.
解析：文中提到日本的隼鸟2号探测器返回了从小行星龙宫带回的样本，"following the original Hayabusa spacecraft's accomplishment in 2010"表明是隼鸟号首次收集了小行星样本。
答案：A. The origin of life.
解析：文中提到这些样本回收任务可能有助于解释一些长期困扰科学家的谜题，包括生命起源和地球上水的出现，"such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth"说明了样本阐明的内容。
答案：A. Analyze them and conduct experiments.
解析：文中提到科学家将使用各种分析方法、测试和实验来确定月球物质的组成、结构和物理性质，"scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments"说明了科学家将对样本进行的操作。
文章D：在火星上耕种的教育案例
文体：案例研究
主题：在火星上耕种的教育项目
主要内容：描述了华盛顿州立大学和爱达荷大学的教授如何通过模拟火星耕种的案例研究来教育学生。
答案：B. decide which crop to grow on Mars with the help of the teachers.
解析：文中提到学生的任务是制定一个策略，以在火星上种植食物，"tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition"说明了学生需要决定种植哪些作物。
答案：B. recommendation.
解析：文中的"proposal"指的是教授们提出的关于选择作物和在火星环境中种植的持续试验的建议，"proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops"表明这是一个建议。
答案：C. develops students' skills of solving problems.
解析：尽管案例研究超越了火星上的农业和营养学，但艾伦教授认为它教授了关于共存、选择和解决复杂问题的知识，"I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues"说明了案例研究的目的是发展解决问题的技能。
答案：A. to describe a research on how to farm on Mars
解析：文章主要介绍了一个关于如何在火星上耕种的研究项目，"initiate a pedagogical exploration"和"aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface"说明了文章的主旨。
第二部分：阅读七选五
文体：说明文
主题：在太空中种植植物的挑战和意义
主要内容：讨论了在太空中种植植物的必要性、面临的挑战以及科学家们正在进行的研究。
答案：D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
解析：根据后文提到的在太空中种植食物的必要性，可以推断高昂的成本是携带物资上太空的一个考虑因素。
答案：F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
解析：前文提到植物可以提供更多新鲜事物，后文提到宇航员的饮食中增加了水果和蔬菜，表明这是对宇航员有益的。
答案：B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
解析：由于后文提到了在太空中种植植物面临的挑战，如氧气产生、重力缺失等，表明在太空种植植物并非易事。
答案：E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
解析：前文提到了由于缺乏重力，植物的根系和叶片生长方向会出现问题，因此需要特殊的容器来帮助植物正确生长。
答案：C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
解析：最后一段提到科学家正在研究如何让植物在太空中更快生长，使用更少的水和光，并研究如何使植物更抗病，这些研究可能对地球上的农业也有帮助。
第三部分：完形填空
文体：记叙文
主题：一个小男孩在贫困社区的成长经历
主要内容：描述了一个小男孩如何在一个老年妇女的帮助下，通过劳动赚取衣物和糖果的钱，并受到鼓励继续上学。
答案：C. allowed
解析：根据后文描述，小男孩有很多时间独自一人，"I was
allowed to spend lots of time alone."表明他是被允许这样做的。
答案：A. happen
解析：小男孩会主动提供帮助，如耙树叶、割草或洗车来赚取零花钱，"I would often wander the neighborhoods on my own and happen to help rake (use a rake to level) a yard, mow a lawn (mow grass), or wash some walls for some pocket money"表明他是偶然提供帮助的。
答案：A. in exchange for
解析：小男孩提供帮助是为了换取零花钱，"in exchange for some pocket money"说明了他的目的。
答案：B. showed
解析：小男孩向老妇人展示了他的破旧裤子和鞋子，"I showed her my torn trousers and shoes"表明了他的情况。
答案：C. worn
解析：小男孩的鞋子已经破损，"which were worn and no longer keeping my feet warm"说明了鞋子的状况。
答案：D. protected
解析：老妇人给的钱是为了让小男孩买新裤子和鞋子，以及保护他的脚不受寒冷，"and no longer keeping my feet warm and protected"表明了鞋子的保护作用。
答案：B. money
解析：小男孩通过劳动赚取的是零花钱，"some pocket money直接说明了他赚取的东西。
答案：A. return to
解析：小男孩向老妇人解释了他为什么不在学校，"I return to her my torn trousers and shoes"表明了他是在回应她的询问。
答案：C. pay
解析：老妇人给小男孩钱是为了让他买新衣服和鞋子，"And when I finished the work she gave me some money."表明了她是为了支付他的劳动。
答案：A. words
解析：老妇人说的话是鼓励小男孩继续上学，"I want you to come
back and show me your report card"表明了她的话是口头上的鼓励。
答案：B. promised
解析：老妇人承诺如果小男孩努力学习并取得好成绩，她会奖励他，"I will reward you when I see you have worked hard"表明了她的承诺。
答案：A. nervously
解析：小男孩可能紧张地向老妇人展示了他的破旧衣物，"I showed her my torn trousers and shoes"可以推测他的心情。
答案：D. positive
解析：老妇人对小男孩说的话是积极的，鼓励他继续上学，"I want you to come back and show me your report card and I will reward you"表明了她的态度是积极的。
答案：B. forget
解析：小男孩永远也不会忘记老妇人对他的影响，"I will of course never forget the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life"表明了他的记忆。
答案：D. inspiration
解析：老妇人是小男孩生活中的一个鼓舞人心的人物，"she continued to be this inspiring influence in my life"说明了她的角色。
第四部分：语法填空
知识点：被动语态、时态、定语从句、非谓语动词
答案：known
解析：根据后文"has identified"可知，FAST是已经被认知的，所以这里应该使用一般过去分词作状语，表示被动意义。
答案：opening
解析：根据前文"has identified"和后文"a 'new era of Chinese original space discovery'"可知，这里应该使用现在分词作结果状语，表示开启新纪元的动作正在进行。
答案：discovered
解析：根据后文"over 2,700 pulsars have been identified"可知，第一个脉冲星已经被发现，所以这里应该使用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案：within
解析：根据前文"over 2,700 pulsars have been identified"可知，这些脉冲星都是在银河系的范围内被识别的，所以这里应该使用介词"within"。
答案：to find
解析：根据后文"previously hidden stars"可知，FAST望远镜能够发现之前未被发现的星星，所以这里应该使用不定式作宾语补足语。
答案：scientific
解析：根据前文"multiple science data"可知，这里应该使用形容词"scientific"来修饰名词"data"，表示科学数据。
答案：which
解析：这里引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，表示FAST望远镜能够同时对夜空进行多项科学数据的调查，所以使用关系代词"which"。
答案：a
解析：根据后文"new road"可知，这里应该使用不定冠词"a"，表示一条新的路。
答案：areas
解析：根据前文"other area of the natural sciences"可知，这里应该使用复数形式的名词"areas"，表示自然科学的其他领域。
答案：will remain
解析：根据后文"the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years"可知，这里应该使用将来时态，表示FAST望远镜将在未来10到20年内保持全球领先地位。
第五部分：书面表达
作文指导：
写作思路：首先介绍人工智能技术的发展现状；接着分析人工智能对工作和社会的影响；最后表达个人对人工智能未来发展的看法。
注意点：确保写作内容涵盖所有要点，使用适当的连接词使文章连贯，注意词数要求。
第六部分：任务型读写
续写指导：
写作思路：第一段可以写Mrs. Meredith对John计划的支持和可能的行动；第二段描述Bernard开始新生意的情景和他的感受。
注意点：续写内容要与原文内容和风格一致，使用适当的连接词和细节描写，使文章连贯，注意词数要求。
英语试题
姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Embark on an exhilarating expedition across the ancient trade routes, commencing your 5-day odyssey from the heart of China to the vibrant lands of Central Asia.
Day 1 in Turpan, China: Commence your journey in the oasis city of Turpan, where you will delve into the intricate Karez Well System—a testament to the ingenuity of ancient irrigation techniques that persist in their operational capacity to this day. As the sun sets on your inaugural day, retreat to the tranquility of a family-owned vineyard, where you can meander through the verdant vineyards, engaging in conversations with the hospitable locals to gain insights into their customary way of life.
Day 2 in Urumqi, China: With the first light of dawn, set forth from Turpan to the bustling metropolis of Urumqi, the political epicenter of Xinjiang. Post a nourishing breakfast, immerse yourself in the cultural tapestry of the Xinjiang Museum, a treasure trove of diverse artworks, meticulously crafted handiworks, and historical artifacts. As you prepare to wing your way to Kashgar, seize the opportunity to amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao Market, the most expansive marketplace in Xinjiang, teeming with a medley of goods.
Day 3 in Kashgar, China: Devote this day to the leisurely exploration of Kashgar, commencing with a visit to the bustling Handicrafts Street, a cornucopia of artisanal treasures ranging from copper wares to metal and porcelain masterpieces. Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances. As the day draws to a close, retire to your lodgings for a rejuvenating night's rest in anticipation of the forthcoming voyage to Osh.
Day 4 in Osh, Kyrgyzstan: Upon reaching the second city of Kyrgyzstan, Osh, immerse yourself in the National Historical and Archaeological Museum Complex, a repository of cultural artifacts, handiworks, and sculptures that narrate the region's storied past. Subsequently, venture to the Jayma Bazaar, the most expansive marketplace in Central Asia, whose origins are rooted in the bygone era of the Silk Road. Should your interest lie in the silken threads of history, inquire of your guide to lead you to the Yodgorlik Silk Factory, a sanctuary where the age-old manual silk-making process is preserved.
Day 5 in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: Conclude your journey with a serene morning train excursion, culminating in your arrival at Ashgabat, the capital of Turkmenistan. Dedicate the day to the exploration of the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa, a pivotal city from the Parthian Empire's early annals. As evening descends, return to the city to savor a meal and embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History, where the chronicles of the nation are enshrined.
1.On which day can a tourist have a tea-tasting experience？ ______
A. Day 1. B. Day 2. C. Day 3. D. Day 4.
2.What does the tour in Urumqi and Osh have in common？ ______
A. Staying at a local farm. B. Shopping at a market.
C. Visiting an ancient city. D. Dancing with local people.
3.Where can a tourist visit a museum in the evening？ ______
A. Turpan. B. Kashgar. C. Osh. D. Ashgabat.
B
The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades. This belief is not unfounded, but rather stems from the ongoing advancements in aerospace engineering and materials science.
As an aerospace engineer and a physics professor, the allure of a space elevator—a colossal cable extending from Earth's surface into space, facilitating the transportation of both people and cargo—remains a compelling subject of study. In recent years, innovative approaches to design and engineering have surfaced, providing new insights into the feasibility and functionality of space elevators.
The rationale for constructing a space elevator is multifaceted. Firstly, it presents a significant opportunity for energy and cost efficiency, offering a more practical alternative to traditional rocket-based space travel.
The economic and environmental benefits are substantial, as the space elevator would reduce the need for fuel-intensive rocket launches.
Secondly, the space elevator would revolutionize accessibility to space. The term "space mission" could evolve into "transit," reflecting the routine and weather-independent nature of space travel. This shift would not only make space travel safer for astronauts, mitigating the risks associated with rocket launches, but also open up the cosmos to a broader range of individuals and purposes.
Moreover, the space elevator acts as a gateway to the solar system. By releasing a payload at different points along the elevator, one could achieve orbit around Earth or the sun, depending on the release point, all without the need for propulsion.
While it may seem that I am an advocate for the space elevator, my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future. In a world facing numerous challenges, the pursuit of such ambitious projects allows us to dream of a time when humanity becomes responsible stewards of our planet, reaching for the stars while preserving our home.
4.What's the function of Paragraph 1
A. To introduce the topic. B. To set a background.
C. To make a comparison. D. To give an example.
5.What does the underlined phrase "tinker with" mean in Paragraph 3
A. Abandon. B. Improve. C. Establish. D. Discuss.
6.What is the purpose of building a space elevator
A. To please science fiction fans. B. To promote space tourism.
C. To protect astronauts' safety. D. To make space travel easier.
7.What is the author's attitude towards space elevators
A. Unclear. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Dismissive.
C
We are currently experiencing an unprecedented era in the realm of space exploration, marked by a surge in the retrieval and study of celestial samples. This "golden age" is characterized by the active efforts of global space agencies to gather and analyze material from various celestial bodies, including asteroids, moons, and planets.
China's Chang'e 5 mission stands out as a recent triumph in this endeavor. On December 17, the Chang'e 5 lunar probe successfully concluded its journey by landing in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, as reported by China Daily. This mission, the first lunar sample-return endeavor since 1976, managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust, utilizing advanced drilling technology and robotic arms.
Similarly, on December 6, Japan's Hayabusa 2 probe achieved a remarkable feat by returning a capsule filled with samples from the asteroid Ryugu. This marks the second instance of asteroid samples being collected and brought back to Earth, following the original Hayabusa spacecraft's accomplishment in 2010.
The momentum in this field is set to continue, with NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft anticipated to return to Earth in 2023, carrying samples from the asteroid Bennu. Additionally, Russia's Lunar-25 mission is poised to launch in 2021, with the objective of collecting lunar samples.
The significance of these sample-return missions cannot be overstated. They hold the potential to shed light on long-standing mysteries that have baffled scientists, such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth. As Ann Nguyen, a NASA planetary scientist, emphasizes, "I cannot emphasize enough how valuable return samples are for increasing our understanding of the origin and evolution of our solar system and our place in the universe, and how we came to be."
Upon arrival on Earth, these celestial samples undergo meticulous analysis using sophisticated instruments. These analyses can yield more detailed insights than what can be gleaned from photographs or robotic rovers alone.
In the case of the Chang'e 5 lunar samples, scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments to determine the composition, structure, and physical properties of the lunar material. This comprehensive understanding will contribute to a deeper comprehension of the moon's history and, by extension, the broader history of our solar system.
Though we have only begun to explore the surface of these celestial bodies, both in a literal and figurative sense, the knowledge we have gained is already substantial. The journey of discovery is far from over, with a wealth of mysteries still waiting to be unveiled.
8.What do we know about the Chang'e 5 lunar probe
A. It was launched on Dec 17.
B. It collected the world's first lunar sample.
C. It brought back 1,713 grams of lunar samples.
D. It completed the most successful mission recently.
9.Which of the following collected the first asteroid samples
A. Hayabusa. B. Hayabusa 2.
C. OSIRIS-REx. D. Russia's Lunar-25.
10.What can the samples shed light on (阐明)
A. The origin of life. B. Structure of the solar system.
C. Which celestial bodies have water. D. How water first appeared on the moon.
11.What will scientists do with the samples
A. Analyze them and conduct experiments. B. Determine their sources.
C. Compare them with space photos. D. Scratch their surfaces.
D
Within the cinematic universe of "The Martian," Matt Damon embodies the role of an astronaut who cultivates sustenance on the Martian terrain, a testament to human ingenuity in the face of isolation on the crimson celestial sphere.
Following their cinematic enlightenment, Michael Allen, a physicist hailing from Washington State University, and Helen Joyner, a food scientist from the University of Idaho, resolved to initiate a pedagogical exploration. They devised an instructive scenario aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface. Envisioning themselves as interplanetary miners, students are tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition. Allen and Joyner proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops and the enduring trials of cultivating them in the Martian environment over extended periods. Utilizing a scoring mechanism, students are challenged to identify and propagate three varieties of nourishment on the Martian terrain.
Allen encountered a remarkable diversity in outcomes: among a cohort of thirty students, "there has not been a single instance of identical responses," he remarked.
Future Martian voyagers will, in all likelihood, be compelled to harness the native resources of the planet rather than transporting all necessities aboard a spacecraft. This implies the necessity of cultivating their own nourishment on an extraterrestrial sphere, one that boasts an ecosystem markedly divergent from that of Earth.
One formidable impediment for prospective Martian habitués is the absence of agricultural implements. In congruence with actual astronauts, student participants in the study are precluded from amassing an extensive array of farming tools. As Joyner articulated to his student space explorers, "You commence your journey with a vacuum of resources."
Furthermore, students are confronted with the predicament of a severely restricted dietary selection. "Could I endure a diet confined to a single sustenance for the entirety of my existence " posed Joyner.
Nevertheless, Allen perceives the case study as transcending the realms of agriculture and nutrition on the Red Planet.
"I am not imparting knowledge solely on the cultivation of food on Mars," Allen declared. "I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues."
12.In the case study, students have to ______.
A. watch the movie to know the conditions on Mars
B. decide which crop to grow on Mars with the help of the teachers
C. design different types of diets on Mars for them to choose
D. understand how to farm on Mars with their favorite farming tools
13.The underlined word "proposal" in the second paragraph can be replaced by ______ .
A. exploration B. recommendation C. adventure D. movement
14.Michael Allen thinks that the case study ______ .
A. increases students' knowledge about farming
B. helps student know more about Mars
C. develops students' skills of solving problems
D. teaches students how to make proper choices
15.The passage is mainly intended ______.
A. to describe a research on how to farm on Mars
B. to prepare us to deal with problems on Mars
C. to teach us how to survive on Mars alone
D. to introduce a Hollywood movie, The Martian
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These "astronaut gardeners" share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. (16) Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. (17) Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.
(18) Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't "know" to grow down, leaves don't "know" to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. (19) Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (胶) are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. (20) Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at seven billion (十亿) people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
When I was a young boy I was in a poor neighborhood as a foster ( 领养) child. I was (22) to spend lots of time alone. I would often wander the neighborhoods on my own and (24) to help rake (用耙子耙平) a yard, mow a lawn ( 割草), or wash some walls (26) some pocket money just to buy some clothes or candy.
Once I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her leaves raked in the yard. She asked why I was not in school and I (28) her my torn trousers and shoes, which were (30) and no longer keeping my feet warm and (32) . And when I finished the work she gave me some (34) . She said, "I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and (36) school. I also want you to come back and (38) me with your report card and I will reward you when I see you have worked hard and have some good (40) ."
I returned several times to see the woman in the corner house and she did just as she (42) . She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time I (44) showed her I had an "A" or "B". And over the next couple of years, she continued to be this (46) influence in my life as brief as it was and I never knew her name.
I was twelve years old when I moved from that neighborhood into a different home, with another family. I will of course never (48) the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life with her (50) . This is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again.
21 A. encouraged B. reminded C. allowed D. forced
22 A. happen B. decide C. continue D. offer
23 A. in exchange for B. in need of C. in terms of D. in return for
24 A. introduced B. showed C. brought D. left
25 A. ugly B. smelly C. worn D. strange
26 A. hidden B. cleaned C. presented D. protected
27 A. food B. money C. clothes D. drink
28 A. return to B. leave for C. turn off D. go by
29 A. challenge B. visit C. pay D. serve
30 A. words B. friends C. marks D. jobs
31 A. designed B. promised C. complained D. compared
32 A. nervously B. secretly C. proudly D. luckily
33 A. amusing B. doubtful C. indirect D. positive
34 A. believe B. forget C. consider D. understand
35 A. measurement B. situation C. instruction D. inspiration
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36. Located in a natural depression in Guizhou, China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, (36) (know) as FAST, has identified six pulsars (脉冲星) after one year of trial operation. It is the first time Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists, thus (37) (open) a "new era of Chinese original space discovery".
It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year. Since the first pulsar (38) (discover), over 2,700 pulsars have been identified. But almost all of them are (39) the scope of the Milky Way. Being the world's largest radio telescope, FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the galaxy. Apart from the massive size, it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity, allowing scientists (40) (find) previously hidden stars. Moreover, FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple (41) (science) data at once, (42) enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals. Its innovative engineering concept and design pave (43) new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way.
China's FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary, and has the potential to revolutionize other (44) (area) of the natural sciences. It (45) (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years.
五、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共15分。
46. 随着人工智能技术的飞速发展，你班同学就“人工智能是否会取代人类工作”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，人工智能可以提高生产效率，解放人类从事更有价值的工作；也有人认为人工智能的广泛应用可能会导致大量失业，影响社会稳定。请你根据以上情况写一篇报告，并发表自己的观点。
写作内容要点：
人工智能技术的发展现状。
人工智能对工作和社会的影响。
个人对人工智能未来发展的看法。
注意：
(1)写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯；
(2)词数100左右。
六、任务型读写：本大题共1小题，共25分。
47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Inhabiting a modest hamlet, the Meredith household found themselves amidst a period of economic downturn. During this time, a significant portion of the local populace faced unemployment, leading to widespread financial distress. Numerous families grappled with the daily struggle to sustain their livelihoods, and a sense of communal solidarity emerged as individuals endeavored to provide mutual support in the face of adversity.
Among the residents of this community, Mrs. Meredith stood out as an epitome of benevolence and consideration. She dedicated considerable hours to engaging with those less fortunate, acutely aware of their plights and the diverse forms of assistance they required. Whenever feasible, she would extend her aid by delivering provisions and medical supplies to those in need.
On a particular morning, Mrs. Meredith recounted to her offspring—John, Harry, and Clara—about a family she had encountered the previous day. The family was comprised of an indisposed patriarch confined to his bed, his spouse who, burdened with caregiving responsibilities, was unable to seek employment, and their young son. The boy, Bernard, had captured her interest significantly.
She expressed a desire for her children to witness Bernard's situation, highlighting his role as a significant support to his mother and his earnest desire to contribute financially, despite the apparent lack of opportunities.
Once their mother departed, the siblings convened, contemplating Bernard's predicament. Clara voiced her empathy, wishing to facilitate his financial independence, acknowledging the profound hardship endured by his family.
Echoing her sentiments, Harry concurred, emphasizing the necessity of devising a strategy to alleviate their plight.
Initially silent, John eventually rose abruptly, exclaiming his inspiration. He proclaimed the conception of a plan that could be collaboratively executed to aid Bernard.
His siblings, intrigued, eagerly awaited his proposal. John's ideas were renowned for their ingenuity, and he proposed, "Consider the substantial crate of maize that Uncle John bestowed upon us. We could transform it into popcorn, package it in paper sacks, and empower Bernard to distribute and vend it throughout the neighborhood."
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para1: When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too._____________________________________________________________
Para2:With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析
第一部分：阅读理解
文章A：旅行日志
文体：叙述文
主题：中亚古贸易路线的旅行体验
主要内容：描述了从中国到中亚的5天旅行经历，涉及不同地点的特色活动和文化体验。
答案：C. Day 3.
解析：第三天在喀什的行程中提到了在历史悠久的茶馆休息，可以与友好的社区交流，参与他们的对话和充满活力的舞蹈。原文中"Pause for refreshment in a time-honored teahouse, where you can mingle with the convivial community, partaking in their animated dialogues and spirited dances."表明了在茶馆中可以体验品茶。
答案：B. Shopping at a market.
解析：在乌鲁木齐和奥什的行程中，都提到了逛市场这一活动。乌鲁木齐的行程中提到了"amble through the vibrant Erdaoqiao
Market"，而奥什的行程中提到了"venture to the Jayma Bazaar"，表明两个城市都有购物体验。
答案：D. Ashgabat.
解析：在第五天的行程中，提到了晚上访问阿什哈巴德国家历史博物馆。原文中"embark on an evening sojourn to the Ashgabat National Museum of History"说明了晚上可以参观博物馆。
文章B：太空电梯
文体：说明文
主题：太空电梯的概念及其潜在影响
主要内容：讨论了太空电梯的设计理念、优势和对未来太空探索的意义。
答案：A. To introduce the topic.
解析：第一段提出了太空电梯这一主题，说明了它从科幻小说走向现实的可能性。原文中"The concept of a space elevator, while once confined to the realm of science fiction, is gaining traction as a potential reality within the next few decades."引出了主题。
答案：B. Improve.
解析：第三段中提到了对太空电梯设计和工程的创新方法，"innovative approaches to design and engineering have surfaced, providing new insights into the feasibility and functionality of space elevators."表明了对现有概念的改进。
答案：D. To make space travel easier.
解析：在讨论建造太空电梯的理由时，文中提到了它将使太空旅行更加实用，"the space elevator would reduce the need for fuel-intensive rocket launches."说明了其目的是简化太空旅行。
答案：C. Optimistic.
解析：作者对太空电梯的态度是乐观的，认为它对我们的未来具有潜力，"my true passion lies in the study of its mechanics and the potential it holds for our future."反映了作者的乐观态度。
文章C：太空探索的黄金时代
文体：新闻报道
主题：太空样本回收和研究的当前进展
主要内容：介绍了当前全球太空机构在回收和研究天体样本方面的活跃努力。
答案：C. It brought back 1,713 grams of lunar samples.
解析：文中提到中国的嫦娥5号探测器成功带回了月球样本，"managed to secure an impressive 1,713 grams of lunar rocks and dust"直接说明了带回的样本重量。
答案：A. Hayabusa.
解析：文中提到日本的隼鸟2号探测器返回了从小行星龙宫带回的样本，"following the original Hayabusa spacecraft's accomplishment in 2010"表明是隼鸟号首次收集了小行星样本。
答案：A. The origin of life.
解析：文中提到这些样本回收任务可能有助于解释一些长期困扰科学家的谜题，包括生命起源和地球上水的出现，"such as the origins of life and the emergence of water on Earth"说明了样本阐明的内容。
答案：A. Analyze them and conduct experiments.
解析：文中提到科学家将使用各种分析方法、测试和实验来确定月球物质的组成、结构和物理性质，"scientists will employ a variety of analytical methods, tests, and experiments"说明了科学家将对样本进行的操作。
文章D：在火星上耕种的教育案例
文体：案例研究
主题：在火星上耕种的教育项目
主要内容：描述了华盛顿州立大学和爱达荷大学的教授如何通过模拟火星耕种的案例研究来教育学生。
答案：B. decide which crop to grow on Mars with the help of the teachers.
解析：文中提到学生的任务是制定一个策略，以在火星上种植食物，"tasked with devising a strategy for sustenance prior to embarking on their extraterrestrial expedition"说明了学生需要决定种植哪些作物。
答案：B. recommendation.
解析：文中的"proposal"指的是教授们提出的关于选择作物和在火星环境中种植的持续试验的建议，"proffer a proposal outlining the selection of crops"表明这是一个建议。
答案：C. develops students' skills of solving problems.
解析：尽管案例研究超越了火星上的农业和营养学，但艾伦教授认为它教授了关于共存、选择和解决复杂问题的知识，"I am imparting knowledge on coexistence with choices. I am imparting knowledge on the resolution of complex issues"说明了案例研究的目的是发展解决问题的技能。
答案：A. to describe a research on how to farm on Mars
解析：文章主要介绍了一个关于如何在火星上耕种的研究项目，"initiate a pedagogical exploration"和"aimed at guiding students through the complex process of agricultural endeavor on the Martian surface"说明了文章的主旨。
第二部分：阅读七选五
文体：说明文
主题：在太空中种植植物的挑战和意义
主要内容：讨论了在太空中种植植物的必要性、面临的挑战以及科学家们正在进行的研究。
答案：D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
解析：根据后文提到的在太空中种植食物的必要性，可以推断高昂的成本是携带物资上太空的一个考虑因素。
答案：F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
解析：前文提到植物可以提供更多新鲜事物，后文提到宇航员的饮食中增加了水果和蔬菜，表明这是对宇航员有益的。
答案：B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
解析：由于后文提到了在太空中种植植物面临的挑战，如氧气产生、重力缺失等，表明在太空种植植物并非易事。
答案：E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
解析：前文提到了由于缺乏重力，植物的根系和叶片生长方向会出现问题，因此需要特殊的容器来帮助植物正确生长。
答案：C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
解析：最后一段提到科学家正在研究如何让植物在太空中更快生长，使用更少的水和光，并研究如何使植物更抗病，这些研究可能对地球上的农业也有帮助。
第三部分：完形填空
文体：记叙文
主题：一个小男孩在贫困社区的成长经历
主要内容：描述了一个小男孩如何在一个老年妇女的帮助下，通过劳动赚取衣物和糖果的钱，并受到鼓励继续上学。
答案：C. allowed
解析：根据后文描述，小男孩有很多时间独自一人，"I was
allowed to spend lots of time alone."表明他是被允许这样做的。
答案：A. happen
解析：小男孩会主动提供帮助，如耙树叶、割草或洗车来赚取零花钱，"I would often wander the neighborhoods on my own and happen to help rake (use a rake to level) a yard, mow a lawn (mow grass), or wash some walls for some pocket money"表明他是偶然提供帮助的。
答案：A. in exchange for
解析：小男孩提供帮助是为了换取零花钱，"in exchange for some pocket money"说明了他的目的。
答案：B. showed
解析：小男孩向老妇人展示了他的破旧裤子和鞋子，"I showed her my torn trousers and shoes"表明了他的情况。
答案：C. worn
解析：小男孩的鞋子已经破损，"which were worn and no longer keeping my feet warm"说明了鞋子的状况。
答案：D. protected
解析：老妇人给的钱是为了让小男孩买新裤子和鞋子，以及保护他的脚不受寒冷，"and no longer keeping my feet warm and protected"表明了鞋子的保护作用。
答案：B. money
解析：小男孩通过劳动赚取的是零花钱，"some pocket money直接说明了他赚取的东西。
答案：A. return to
解析：小男孩向老妇人解释了他为什么不在学校，"I return to her my torn trousers and shoes"表明了他是在回应她的询问。
答案：C. pay
解析：老妇人给小男孩钱是为了让他买新衣服和鞋子，"And when I finished the work she gave me some money."表明了她是为了支付他的劳动。
答案：A. words
解析：老妇人说的话是鼓励小男孩继续上学，"I want you to come
back and show me your report card"表明了她的话是口头上的鼓励。
答案：B. promised
解析：老妇人承诺如果小男孩努力学习并取得好成绩，她会奖励他，"I will reward you when I see you have worked hard"表明了她的承诺。
答案：A. nervously
解析：小男孩可能紧张地向老妇人展示了他的破旧衣物，"I showed her my torn trousers and shoes"可以推测他的心情。
答案：D. positive
解析：老妇人对小男孩说的话是积极的，鼓励他继续上学，"I want you to come back and show me your report card and I will reward you"表明了她的态度是积极的。
答案：B. forget
解析：小男孩永远也不会忘记老妇人对他的影响，"I will of course never forget the huge difference this wonderful stranger made over my life"表明了他的记忆。
答案：D. inspiration
解析：老妇人是小男孩生活中的一个鼓舞人心的人物，"she continued to be this inspiring influence in my life"说明了她的角色。
第四部分：语法填空
知识点：被动语态、时态、定语从句、非谓语动词
答案：known
解析：根据后文"has identified"可知，FAST是已经被认知的，所以这里应该使用一般过去分词作状语，表示被动意义。
答案：opening
解析：根据前文"has identified"和后文"a 'new era of Chinese original space discovery'"可知，这里应该使用现在分词作结果状语，表示开启新纪元的动作正在进行。
答案：discovered
解析：根据后文"over 2,700 pulsars have been identified"可知，第一个脉冲星已经被发现，所以这里应该使用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案：within
解析：根据前文"over 2,700 pulsars have been identified"可知，这些脉冲星都是在银河系的范围内被识别的，所以这里应该使用介词"within"。
答案：to find
解析：根据后文"previously hidden stars"可知，FAST望远镜能够发现之前未被发现的星星，所以这里应该使用不定式作宾语补足语。
答案：scientific
解析：根据前文"multiple science data"可知，这里应该使用形容词"scientific"来修饰名词"data"，表示科学数据。
答案：which
解析：这里引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句，表示FAST望远镜能够同时对夜空进行多项科学数据的调查，所以使用关系代词"which"。
答案：a
解析：根据后文"new road"可知，这里应该使用不定冠词"a"，表示一条新的路。
答案：areas
解析：根据前文"other area of the natural sciences"可知，这里应该使用复数形式的名词"areas"，表示自然科学的其他领域。
答案：will remain
解析：根据后文"the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years"可知，这里应该使用将来时态，表示FAST望远镜将在未来10到20年内保持全球领先地位。
第五部分：书面表达
作文指导：
写作思路：首先介绍人工智能技术的发展现状；接着分析人工智能对工作和社会的影响；最后表达个人对人工智能未来发展的看法。
注意点：确保写作内容涵盖所有要点，使用适当的连接词使文章连贯，注意词数要求。
第六部分：任务型读写
续写指导：
写作思路：第一段可以写Mrs. Meredith对John计划的支持和可能的行动；第二段描述Bernard开始新生意的情景和他的感受。
注意点：续写内容要与原文内容和风格一致，使用适当的连接词和细节描写，使文章连贯，注意词数要求。
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