北京市西城区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

北京市西城区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
一、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It's a gift more than 50 years in the making.
In 1972, Barbara Rieco 1． a heartfelt children's book. It was based on a true story—a little boy she had met while she was a teenager living in Appalachia briefly. It was Barbara's first encounter with poverty (贫困). She came from a middle-class family. She got to see another side of life that she'd heard of, but never seen. It 2． her and had a lasting influence on her life.
3． her best efforts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal from publishers, leading her to eventually 4． her dreams of becoming a published author.
Little did she know that, many years later, her grandson would turn those dreams into reality. Chad Cooper, a design and production professional based in New York City, decided to give his grandmother the perfect Christmas gift—the 5． of her treasured book. Visiting her for the holidays, he 6． took her original manuscript, along with the illustrations she had an artist draw years ago, and turned them into a beautifully printed book.
On Christmas morning, as Barbara 7． the carefully wrapped gift, she was overcome with emotion. The moment, 8． by Chad, quickly became popular with viewers, and the video went viral online.
"This is probably the nicest thing anyone's ever done for me in my entire life," Barbara says in the video.
Chad's 9． act didn't just end with the surprise. He also included a(n) 10． to the book on Amazon, making it accessible to the public. The 11． was nothing short of a miracle (奇迹)—within days, Barbara's 12． book skyrocketed to the top of the bestseller list.
As the world 13． this unexpected Christmas miracle, Barbara Rieco's book, now 14． by a new generation of readers, continues to spread joy and inspiration, proving that sometimes the most extraordinary 15． are the ones we never knew we needed.
1．A． edited B． adapted C． penned D． translated
2．A． worried B． touched C． supported D． challenged
3．A． Despite B． Through C． Without D． For
4．A． take on B． live up to
C． hold on to D． set aside
5．A． promotion B． revision
C． publication D． recommendation
6．A． curiously B． secretly C． calmly D． shyly
7．A． bought B． held C． opened D． showed
8．A． photographed B． filmed C． written D． described
9．A． respectful B． faithful C． thankful D． thoughtful
10．A． link B． introduction C． approach D． guide
11．A． comment B． impression C． response D． prediction
12．A． once-forgotten B． badly-needed
C． well-known D． fully-prepared
13．A． accepts B． presents C． ignores D． celebrates
14．A． sold B． donated C． rated D． loved
15．A． videos B． gifts C． belongings D． materials
【答案】1．C；2．B；3．A；4．D；5．C；6．B；7．C；8．B；9．D；10．A；11．C；12．A；13．D；14．D；15．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了孙子帮助祖母实现长期未实现的成为出版社作家的梦想。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：1972年，芭芭拉·里科写了一本感人的儿童读物。A. edited"编辑"；B. adapted"改编"；C. penned"写"；D. translated"翻译"。根据下文"the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal from publishers"手稿遭到出版社多次拒绝，可知此处是写了一本书。故选C。
2．句意：这打动了她，并对她的生活产生了持久的影响。A. worried"担心"；B. touched"感动"；C. supported"支持"；D. challenged"挑战"。根据上文"She got to see another side of life that she'd heard of, but never seen."；以及空后"had a lasting influence on her life"可知，她从书中看到了她听说过但从未见过的生活的另一面，所以是感动了她。故选B。
3．句意：尽管她尽了最大的努力，但手稿还是遭到了出版商的多次拒绝，最终导致她放弃了成为一名出版作家的梦想。A. Despite"虽然，尽管"；B. Through"通过"；C. Without"没有"；D. For "为了"。根据空后"the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal from publishers"可知，虽然她尽了最大的努力，她的手稿被出版社拒绝了。故选A。
4．句意：尽管她尽了最大的努力，但手稿还是遭到了出版商的多次拒绝，最终导致她放弃了成为一名出版作家的梦想。A. take on"开始承担"；B. live up to"达到，实现"；C. hold on to"坚持"；D. set aside"把……放置一旁"。根据上文" 3 her best efforts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal from publishers,"可知，虽然她尽了最大努力，最终遭到出版社的拒绝，所以此处指的是她把成为一名出版社作家的梦想放置一边。故选D。
5．句意：查德·库珀是纽约市的一名设计和制作专业人士，他决定给他的祖母一份完美的圣诞礼物——出版她珍贵的书。A. promotion"提升"；B. revision"复习，修改"；C. publication"出版"；D. recommendation"推荐"。根据上文"her dreams of becoming a published author."；以及空后"turned them into a beautifully printed book"可知，他的祖母最终放弃了成为一名出版社作家的梦想，此处指的是他把她的珍贵的书出版。故选C。
6．句意：假期去看望她时，他偷偷拿走了她的原稿，还有她几年前请一位艺术家画的插图，把它们变成了一本印刷精美的书。A. curiously"好奇地"；B. secretly"秘密地"；C. calmly"镇静地"；D. shyly"害羞地"。根据下文"Chad's 9 act didn't just end with the surprise."可知，他给奶奶带来的不仅仅是惊喜，所以这里指的是秘密地拿走了她的原稿。故选B。
7．句意：圣诞节的早晨，当芭芭拉打开精心包装的礼物时，她激动不已。A. bought"卖"；B. held "举行"；C. opened"打开"；D. showed"展示"。根据空后"the carefully wrapped gift"可知，此处是打开精心包装的礼物。故选C。
8．句意：查德拍摄的这一时刻迅速受到观众的欢迎，视频在网上疯传。A. photographed"拍照"；B. filmed"拍摄"；C. written"写"；D. described"描述"。根据空后"and the video went viral online."视频在网上疯传，可知，查德拍下了这一时刻。故选B。
9．句意：查德的体贴举动不仅以惊喜结束。A. respectful"尊敬的"；B. faithful"真诚的"；C. thankful"感激的"；D. thoughtful"考虑周到的，体贴的"。根据上文"Visiting her for the holidays, he 6 took her original manuscript, along with the illustrations she had an artist draw years ago, and turned them into a beautifully printed book."他偷偷地把奶奶的书出版，可知此处指的体贴的举动。故选D。
10．句意：他还在亚马逊上提供了这本书的链接，让公众可以阅读。A. link"链接"；B. introduction "介绍"；C. approach"方法"；D. guide"指导"。根据空后"the book on Amazon"以及"making it accessible to the public"使得公众可以阅读，可知，此处指的是把书的链接放在亚马逊上。故选A。
11．句意：人们的反应简直是一个奇迹——几天之内，芭芭拉这本曾经被遗忘的书就蹿到了畅销书排行榜的首位。A. comment"评论"；B. impression"印象"；C. response"回应，反应"；D. prediction"预测"。根据空后"Barbara's 12 book skyrocketed to the top of the bestseller list"可知，她的书达到了畅销书排行榜的首位，所以是人们的反应。故选C。
12．句意：人们的反应简直是一个奇迹——几天之内，芭芭拉这本曾经被遗忘的书就蹿到了畅销书排行榜的首位。A. once-forgotten"曾经被遗忘的"；B. badly-needed"急需的"；C. well-known"著名的"；D. fully-prepared"充分准备的"。根据上文" 3 her best efforts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal from publishers, leading her to eventually 4 her dreams of becoming a published author."可知，他奶奶的书曾经被出版社拒绝，奶奶放弃了成为出版社作家的梦想，所以这里指的是曾经被遗忘的书。故选A。
13．句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A. accepts"接受"；B. presents"展示"；C. ignores"忽视"；D. celebrates"庆祝"。根据空后"this unexpected Christmas miracle"可知，此处指的是庆祝圣诞节的这一奇迹。故选D。
14．句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A. sold"出售"；B. donated"捐赠"；C. rated"评估"；D. loved"喜爱"。根据上文"Barbara's 12 _ book skyrocketed to the top of the bestseller list"以及空后"continues to spread joy and inspiration"可知，芭芭拉的书位畅销书榜首，继续传播欢乐和灵感，故此处这是她的书受到新一代读者的喜爱。故选D。
15．句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A. videos"视频"；B. gifts"礼物"；C. belongings"所有物"；D. materials"材料"。根据上文"decided to give his grandmother the perfect Christmas gift"可知，此处指的是最不寻常的礼物。故选B。
二、阅读理解
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Four Best City Walks in the US
Wisdom Tree Hike in Los Angeles
This is probably the most popular city walk in LA—a journey to the only tree to survive the 2007 Barham fire. The Wisdom Tree is at the top of Burbank Peak, which gives you great views all over Los Angeles.
The walk: Head up Wonder View Drive from Lake Hollywood Drive, and you will reach a gate at the end of the paved area. After you pass through, you'll get to a wide-open area and the trail to the Wisdom Tree is to your right.
SoHo/TriBeCa Walking Tour in New York City
Heading down to SoHo and TriBeCa will give you the feeling of being in another city within NYC. The small side streets hide interesting buildings and unique shops, as well as historic spots.
The walk: Head south from the Broadway-Lafayette Street subway station, and get lost among the art galleries, with a first sweet stop at the Museum of Ice Cream. Next, explore the Prince Street shops, then head east to Greene Street. Here, you can find some of the finest examples of cast-iron architecture in the city.
The Boardwalk Trail in Austin
In Austin, you'll be charmed by art. The Boardwalk Trail aims to build a 7,250-foot walkway filled with works of art and fantastic views of the city. Don't miss the 36 bronze belts designed by artist Ken Little, with country music song lyrics written on each.
The walk: You can access the Boardwalk Trail from several points. The full trail is 10 miles long, where you can enjoy the peaceful waterside views and the skyline of Austin at sunset.
Art Walk in Denver
Denver is a great destination in itself, with lots of cultural attractions, live music and excellent restaurants. The city's Art District on Santa Fe (ADSF) has a delightful 2.7-mile path that leads you to art galleries and excellent food and drink stops.
The walk: From the charming Victorian house where you can admire the violins and guitars handcrafted by artists, make your way north to the Sunken Gardens, then the streets busy with art galleries and shops. Every first Friday of the month, the ADSF puts on an organized Art Walk on Santa Fe Drive. Art lovers have an opportunity to connect and share the experience of immersing (使沉浸) themselves in Denver's art scene.
16．Which city walk can offer a bird's eye view of a city
A．Art Walk in Denver.
B．The Boardwalk Trail in Austin.
C．Wisdom Tree Hike in Los Angeles.
D．SoHo/TriBeCa Walking Tour in New York City.
17．What do the city walks in Austin and Denver have in common
A．Visitors can enjoy live music.
B．Visitors can appreciate art works.
C．Visitors can enjoy peaceful waterside views.
D．Visitors can appreciate hand-made musical instruments.
18．Where is this passage probably taken from
A．A tourist brochure. B．An art review.
C．An environmental journal. D．A geography textbook.
【答案】16．C
17．B
18．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国最好的四个城市步道。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
16．考查细节理解。根据Wisdom Tree Hike in Los Angeles部分中的"The Wisdom Tree is at the top of Burbank Peak, which gives you great views all over Los Angeles." Wisdom Tree位于伯班克山顶，在那里你可以看到整个洛杉矶的美景。可知，洛杉矶的Wisdom Tree Hike可以看到一个城市的全景。故选C。
17．考查细节理解。根据The Boardwalk Trail in Austin部分中的"In Austin, you'll be charmed by art."在奥斯汀，你会被艺术所吸引；以及Art Walk in Denver部分中的"Denver is a great destination in itself, with lots of cultural attractions, live music and excellent restaurants. The city's Art District on Santa Fe (ADSF) has a delightful 2.7-mile path that leads you to art galleries and excellent food and drink stops."丹佛本身就是一个伟大的目的地，有许多文化景点，现场音乐和一流的餐馆。这座城市的圣达菲艺术区(ADSF)有一条令人愉快的2.7英里小路，可以通往艺术画廊和美味的美食和饮料站。可知，Austin and Denver的共同之处在于在这两个地方的游客可以欣赏艺术作品。故选B。
18．考查推理判断。根据本文标题"Four Best City Walks in the US"美国最好的四个城市步道；以及全文内容可知文章主要介绍了美国最好的四个城市步道，所以最有可能出自旅游手册。故选A。
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The first time Terry attended a meeting of the Tahquamenon Sportsmen's Club, they made him vice president—and he wasn't even a member. By his second visit, the few members left in the dying organization had put him in charge of the whole thing.
The club began in the 1920s. Back then, hunting and fishing were pastimes in rural areas. The culture, however, is different now. When Terry took over the century-old club, it was on its last legs. Only a couple dozen members remained, and most were older than its new 68-year-old president. They were no longer doing the things they'd been known for. Worst of all, their famous fishing tackle party had been canceled twice, once just because they simply didn't have enough members to pull it off.
He wanted to push hard to keep the organization going, because it is one of the things that make up the heart and soul of Newberry. He had to look for new members. He needed to broaden the club's offerings to attract younger people. More than anything else, he had to make sure the tackle party for kids took place once again.
Little by little, Terry's efforts worked. People began asking about memberships. Some sent contributions. Others offered their time. A local company donated new siding for the clubhouse. Someone else said they would put a new roof on it. Someone came and mowed the lawn (草坪) when it got long in the summer. Others cleared the snow in the winter. All over town, people and businesses promised to help the club survive and succeed.
On the day of the annual Kids Tackle Party, hundreds of kids and their families appeared. Terry started the event with a speech. A local fishing expert gave tips on how to catch fish. Then, one at a time, each of the 245 kids was called by name, and every one of them got a fishing pole and a tackle box. It took more than three hours to get through everyone who showed up. It was a big event, one that came close to dying, but was finally back.
Terry fought to keep the club and party for kids, a longtime tradition in the Newberry community, going. Traditions are dying these days, but he was able to get people to hold onto this one.
19．When Terry took over the club, ____.
A．he was the youngest member
B．hunting was a popular pastime
C．the culture of the club remained
D．the club was struggling to survive
20．To keep the organization going, what did Terry put at the top of his to-do list
A．Broadening people's minds in Newberry.
B．Searching for help from his neighborhood.
C．Ensuring the return of the tackle party for kids.
D．Offering appealing activities to attract new members.
21． What did the townspeople do to help the club
A．They grew grass.
B．They removed the snow.
C．They donated fishing poles.
D．They fixed the clubhouse roof.
22．What can we learn from the story
A．Interest does not lie.
B．The discovery of tradition matters.
C．Sometimes hard work doesn't pay off.
D．A hero shows up during challenging times.
【答案】19．D
20．C
21．B
22．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Terry接管了一个濒临灭亡的俱乐部，经过努力让它重新恢复生机的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
19．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"By his second visit, the few members left in the dying organization had put him in charge of the whole thing."到他第二次去的时候，这个垂死的组织里剩下的几个成员已经让他掌管了整个组织；以及第二段中的"When Terry took over the century-old club, it was on its last legs"Terry接手这家百年俱乐部时，它已奄奄一息。可知，当Terry接管俱乐部时，俱乐部正在为生存而挣扎。故选D。
20．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"More than anything else, he had to make sure the tackle party for kids took place once again."最重要的是，他必须确保孩子们的钓鱼派对再次举行。可知，为了保证俱乐部的运转，Terry把确保孩子们的钓鱼派对的回归放在了他待办事项清单的首位。故选C。
21．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Someone came and mowed the lawn (草坪) when it got long in the summer. Others cleared the snow in the winter."当草在夏天变长时有人来修剪草坪，其他人则在冬天清理积雪。可知，为了帮助俱乐部，镇上的人帮助俱乐部清除积雪。故选B。
22．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Terry fought to keep the club and party for kids, a longtime tradition in the Newberry community, going. Traditions are dying these days, but he was able to get people to hold onto this one."Terry努力让俱乐部和孩子们的聚会继续下去，这是纽伯里社区的一个长期传统。如今，传统正在消亡，但他能让人们坚持下去；以及文章其他段落的内容可知，文章主要讲的是Terry拯救了濒临灭亡的钓鱼派对，可推知，英雄总是出现在挑战性的时期。故选D。
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In the 1970s, a gorilla (大猩猩) known as Koko became world-famous when scientists taught her to use human sign language to communicate with people. There were numerous attempts in the mid-1900s to teach human language to nonhumans, such as Koko. But what we should have been thinking about was their abilities to engage in complex communication on their own terms instead of trying to teach an animal to talk to us in human language.
Today scientists are trying to figure out how living things already share information using their particular methods. This new field of study is known as digital bioacoustics, and it involves using tools to understand the production of sounds and their effects on living things.
Scientists in this field are using sensors, which are devices that pick up and record information on physical or chemical conditions. Some are also using artificial intelligence (AI) technology, an approach that uses algorithms (算法). The same algorithms that we use in tools such as Google Translate to translate documents can also be used to find patterns in nonhuman communication.
Jeremy of Tel Aviv University studied nearly two dozen Egyptian fruit bats for two and a half months and recorded their vocalizations. His team adapted a voice-recognition program to study 15,000 of the sounds. The algorithm matched specific sounds with specific things the bats were doing. Using this program, the researchers were able to classify most of the bats' sounds. Jeremy and other researchers have found that bats have a much more complex language than we previously understood. Bats argue over food; they distinguish (区分) between genders when they communicate with one another and they have individual names, or "signature calls".
That's a great example of how AI is able to find these patterns from information gathered by sensors and microphones. AI reveals things that we can't hear with our human ears alone because most bat communication happens above our hearing range, and because bats speak much faster than we do, we have to slow it down to listen to it. So we cannot listen like a bat, but our computers can. And our computers can also speak back to the bat by producing specific patterns.
Digital bioacoustics is like an amazing hearing aid. It lets us listen to animals with both our digitally enhanced (增强的) ears and our imagination. This is slowly opening our minds not only to the wonderful sounds that nonhumans make, but to a fundamental set of questions about the so-called divide between humans and nonhumans, as well as our connection to other species. It's also opening up new ways to think about protecting living things and our relationship with the planet. It's pretty meaningful.
23． Regarding scientists' efforts to teach animals human language, the author feels ____.
A．negative B．unconcerned C．uncertain D．supportive
24．Scientists in digital bioacoustics are trying to study ____.
A．how animals use different tools to share information
B．how animals are affected by the production of sounds
C．how animals are taught to talk in human sign language
D．how animals communicate with one another using sounds
25．What can we learn about AI applied in digital bioacoustics
A．It pairs certain animals' sounds with their behaviors.
B．It slows down animals' sounds within humans' hearing range.
C．It adapts voice-recognition programs to analyze animals' sounds.
D．It translates specific nonhuman sound patterns into human language.
26． According to the passage, the author may agree that ____.
A．animals can be classified according to their sound patterns
B．scientists need to keep studying how animals produce sounds
C．digital bioacoustics may inspire humans to rethink their relationship with animals
D．the focus of digital bioacoustics should be the divide between humans and nonhumans
【答案】23．A
24．D
25．A
26．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们正试图弄清楚生物是如何用它们独特的方法共享信息的。这个新的研究领域被称为数字生物声学，它不仅让我们听到了非人类发出的美妙声音，而且让我们看到了一系列关于所谓的人类和非人类之间的鸿沟的基本问题，以及我们与其他物种的联系。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
23．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"But what we should have been thinking about was their abilities to engage in complex communication on their own terms instead of trying to teach an animal to talk to us in human language."但我们应该考虑的是它们用自己的方式进行复杂交流的能力，而不是试图教会动物用人类的语言与我们交谈。可知作者认为我们应该考虑让动物用它们自己的方式进行复杂交流，而不是试图教会动物用人类的语言与我们交谈，所以作者对于科学家教动物人类语言的努力的态度是消极的。故选A。
24．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Today scientists are trying to figure out how living things already share information using their particular methods.."今天，科学家们正试图弄清楚生物是如何用它们独特的方法共享信息的。可知数字生物声学的科学家们正试图研究动物是如何利用它们独特的方法即声音相互交流的。故选D。
25．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"The algorithm matched specific sounds with specific things the bats were doing. Using this program, the researchers were able to classify most of the bats' sounds."该算法将特定的声音与蝙蝠正在做的特定事情相匹配。利用这个程序，研究人员能够对大多数蝙蝠的声音进行分类。可知应用于数字生物声学的人工智能将某些动物的声音与它们的行为配对。故选A。
26．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"It's also opening up new ways to think about protecting living things and our relationship with the planet. It's pretty meaningful."它也开辟了新的方式来思考保护生物和我们与地球的关系。这很有意义。可知作者认为数字生物声学可能会激发人类重新思考他们与动物的关系。故选C。
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Most of us don't have any memories from the first three to four years of our lives. And when we do try to think back to our earliest memories, it's often unclear whether they are the real thing or just recollections based on photos or stories told to us by others. The phenomenon (现象), known as "childhood amnesia", has been puzzling psychologists for more than a century—and we still don't fully understand it.
At first glance, it may seem that the reason we don't remember being babies is that babies don't have a fully developed memory. But babies as young as six months can form both short-term memories that last for minutes and long-term memories that last weeks. In one study, six-month-olds who learned how to press a button to operate a toy train remembered how to perform this action for two to three weeks after they had last seen the toy. Preschoolers can remember events that go years back.
Of course, memory capabilities at these ages are not adult-like. In fact, developmental changes in basic memory processes have been put forward as an explanation for childhood amnesia. These basic processes involve several brain regions and include forming, maintaining and then later retrieving (检索) the memory. For example, the hippocampus, thought to be responsible for forming memories, continues developing until the age of seven. The typical boundary for the offset of childhood amnesia—three and a half years—changes with age. Children and teenagers have earlier memories than adults do. This suggests that the problem may be less with forming memories than with maintaining them.
But this does not seem to be the whole story; language also plays a role. From the ages of one to six, children progress from the one-word stage of speaking to becoming fluent in their native language(s), so there are major changes in their verbal (言语的) ability that overlap with the childhood amnesia period. This includes using the past tense, and memory-related words such as "remember" and "forget".
It's true to some extent that a child's ability to verbalize about an event at the time that it happened predicts how well they remember it months or years later. One lab group conducted this work by interviewing young children brought to accident and emergency departments for common childhood injuries. Those over 26 months, who could verbalize about the event at the time, recalled (回忆起) it up to five years later, while those under 26 months, who could not talk about it, recalled little or nothing.
Even if we can't clearly remember specific events from when we were very young, their accumulation, however, leaves lasting tracks that influence our behavior. The first few years of life are forgettable and yet powerful in shaping the adults that we become.
27．According to the passage, childhood amnesia refers to ____.
A．inability to recall early childhood experiences
B．difficulty children have forming memories
C．concern about the truth of early memories
D．loss of memory abilities in the childhood
28．What do the words "overlap with" underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Have a lot in common with. B．Happen at the same time as.
C．Play an important role in. D．Are closely related to.
29．What may the results of the interview mentioned in Paragraph 5 suggest
A．Children start to form long-term memories at 26 months.
B．Children's ability to recall specific events increases with age.
C．Preverbal memories may be lost if they are not translated into language.
D．Injuries probably influence how well children verbalize about events.
30．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Childhood amnesia: How memory works in kids
B．The brain and memory: How memories are formed
C．Verbal ability: Why it matters in the memory process
D．The forgotten childhood: Why early memories disappear
【答案】27．A
28．B
29．C
30．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了"童年失忆症"这一现象，分析了背后的原因以及相关研究。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
27．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Most of us don't have any memories from the first three to four years of our lives. And when we do try to think back to our earliest memories, it's often unclear whether they are the real thing or just recollections based on photos or stories told to us by others. The phenomenon (现象), known as "childhood amnesia", has been puzzling psychologists for more than a century—and we still don't fully understand it."我们大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆。当我们试图回想起我们最早的记忆时，往往不清楚它们是真实的，还是仅仅是基于照片或别人告诉我们的故事的回忆。这种现象被称为"童年失忆症"，一个多世纪以来一直困扰着心理学家，我们仍然没有完全理解它。可知，童年健忘症是指无法回忆起童年早期的经历。故选A。
28．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Most of us don't have any memories from the first three to four years of our lives."我们大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆；以及第四段中的"From the ages of one to six, children progress from the one-word stage of speaking to becoming fluent in their native language(s), so there are major changes in their verbal (言语的) ability that"可知，大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆，这时因为从1岁到6岁，孩子们从一个单词的说话阶段发展到流利地说母语，所以他们的语言能力发生了重大变化，与儿童失忆症时期同时发生。可推知划线词overlap with意思是"与……同时发生"。故选B。
29．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Those over 26 months, who could verbalize about the event at the time, recalled (回忆起) it up to five years later, while those under 26 months, who could not talk about it, recalled little or nothing."超过26个月的婴儿当时可以用语言描述这件事，五年后他们还能回忆起这件事，而26个月以下的婴儿不能谈论这件事，几乎什么也记不起来。可知，访谈结果可能表明如果不将言语前的记忆翻译成语言，可能会丢失。故选C。
30．考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"The phenomenon (现象), known as ‘childhood amnesia', has been puzzling psychologists for more than a century—and we still don't fully understand it."这种现象被称为"童年失忆症"，一个多世纪以来一直困扰着心理学家，我们仍然没有完全理解它；结合文章主要介绍了"童年失忆症"这一现象，分析了背后的原因以及相关研究。"被遗忘的童年：为什么早期记忆会消失"适合作本文标题。故选D。
三、选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）
（2024高一下·西城期末）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
observe harm likely independence
survivor promise normal
31． The workers are building shelters for thousands of earthquake 　 　.
32． 　 　, it takes three or four years to complete the opera course.
33． He was voted the most 　 　 new actor for his remarkable performance in the movie.
34． Although he sometimes speaks very directly, his intentions are 　 　 — he just wants to help others.
35．A(n) 　 　 organization is one that controls its own operation.
36． The two sides are 　 　 to reach an agreement, because neither of them is willing to give in.
37． The 　 　 of the universe makes us realize how small and insignificant we are.
【答案】31．survivors
32．Normally
33．promising
34．harmless
35．independent
36．unlikely
37．observation
【知识点】其他类
【解析】【分析】observe动词短语，"观察"； harm 动词&名词，"危害"； likely 形容词，"可能的" ； independence名词，"独立"；survivor 名词，"幸存者" ； promise 名词&动词，"承诺" ；normal形容词，"正常的"。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生在理解句义的基础上，根据所给的词汇，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
31．句意：工人们正在为成千上万的地震幸存者建造避难所。根据空格前"建造避难所"可知，此处指的是地震幸存者，survivor意为"幸存者"；空格前有"thousands of"所以要用复数。故填survivors。
32．句意：通常，完成歌剧课程需要三到四年的时间。此处修饰后面的句子，应用副词；空格后"完成歌剧课程需要三到四年的时间"为一个通常的情况；normally为normal的副词，意为"通常"。故填Normally。
33．句意：由于他在电影中的出色表现，他被选为最有前途的新演员。此处形容词修饰名词。根据空格后"他在电影中的出色表现"可知，此处说明他是有前途的演员；promising意为"有前途的"，为promise的形容词。故填promising。
34．句意：虽然他有时说话很直接，但他的意图是无害的——他只是想帮助别人。此处形容词作表语，根据空格后"他只是想帮助别人"可知，他的意图是好的，没有坏处的；harmless意为"无害的"为harm的形容词。故填harmless。
35．句意：独立组织是指控制自身运作的组织。此处形容词修饰名词。根据空格后的"控制自身运作的组织"可知，此处指的是独立的组织；independent意为"独立的"，为independence的形容词。故填independent。
36．句意：双方不太可能达成协议，因为双方都不愿让步。此处副词修是谓语动词。根据后文"因为双方都不愿让步"，可知，此处指的是不可能达成协议。unlikely意为"不可能地"，为likely的反义词。故填unlikely。
37．句意：对宇宙的观察让我们意识到我们是多么的渺小和微不足道。此处名词作主语。根据空格后"让我们意识到我们是多么的渺小和微不足道"以及"宇宙"可知，此处指的是"对宇宙的观察"。observation意为"观察"，为observe的名词，此处特指对宇宙的观察。故填observation。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
38．（2024高一下·西城期末） I like big parties 　 　 you can dance, have fun and meet new people.
【答案】where
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我喜欢大型派对，在那里你可以跳舞，玩得开心，认识新朋友。 you can dance, have fun and meet new people是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词parties，在从句作地点状语，故填where。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。
39．（2024高一下·西城期末） Do you know the reason 　 　 fruit and vegetables are often placed at a supermarket entrance
【答案】why
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：你知道水果和蔬菜经常被放在超市入口处的原因吗？ fruit and vegetables are often placed at a supermarket entrance 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，故填why。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词why引导的限制性定语从句。
40．（2024高一下·西城期末） The trees 　 　 (blow) down in last night's storm have been moved off the road.
【答案】blown
【知识点】动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：在昨晚的暴风雨中被吹倒的树木已被移离道路。主语The trees 与blow之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，作后置定语。故填blown。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作后置定语。
41．（2024高一下·西城期末） It is agreed 　 　 background knowledge plays an important role in reading.
【答案】that
【知识点】主语从句；固定句式
【解析】【分析】句意：人们一致认为背景知识在阅读中起着重要作用。表示"大家一致认为……"句型为It is agreed that...，故填that。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的主语从句以及固定句型It is agreed that...。
42．（2024高一下·西城期末） Producing a paper bag 　 　 (use) four times as much energy as producing a plastic one.
【答案】uses
【知识点】动词第三人称单数；一般现在时
【解析】【分析】句意：生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是生产一个塑料袋的四倍。此处是谓语动词，动名词短语Producing a paper bag作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故填uses。
【点评】考查时态和主谓一致，本题涉及一般现在时和动名词短语作主语。
43．（2024高一下·西城期末）　 　 they'll fly to Inner Mongolia hasn't been decided.
【答案】When/Whether
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：他们什么时候飞往内蒙古还没有决定。 they'll fly to Inner Mongolia 是主语从句，从句缺少时间状语，应用连接副词when/whenever，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When/Whenever。
【点评】考查主语从句，本题涉及when/whenever引导的主语从句。
44．（2024高一下·西城期末） Some online courses are free and open to anyone, 　 　 (give) learners anywhere the chance to study at any time.
【答案】giving
【知识点】动词现在分词
【解析】【分析】句意：有些在线课程是免费的，对任何人开放，让学习者随时随地都有机会学习。此处give与上文句子构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填giving。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作状语。
45．（2024高一下·西城期末）The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by　 　 she was rescued.
【答案】whom
【知识点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这位妇女给救她的士兵写了一封感谢信。分析句子可知，by……she was rescued为定语从句，修饰先行词the soldier，设空处为引导词，在从句中作介词by的宾语，故填whom。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及"by whom "引导的限制性定语从句。
46．（2024高一下·西城期末） I was having dinner when the phone rang, so I stopped 　 　 (answer) it.
【答案】to answer
【知识点】固定短语；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：电话响时我正在吃晚饭，所以我停下来接电话。stop to do..固定短语，"停下来去做另外一件事"，用不定式作宾语，句中指停下吃饭，去接电话，用stop to answer。故填to answer。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作宾语以及固定短语stop to do...。
47．（2024高一下·西城期末） Those who like teaching 　 　 they have acquired show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge.
【答案】what
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：那些喜欢教他们所学知识的人表现出更好的理解和记忆能力。 they have acquired 是宾语从句，从句谓语动词have acquired之后缺少宾语，应用引导词what，意为"……的东西"。故填what。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的宾语从句。
五、完成句子（共5小题；第63、64题每题2分，第65、66、67题每题3分，共13分）根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。
48．（2024高一下·西城期末） 我们要提高人们的环保意识。（raise awareness）
【答案】We should raise people's environmental awareness.
【知识点】情态动词的基本用法；汉译英；不可数名词；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】表示"我们"用we，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示"应该"用情态动词should。表示"提高"用动词raise，与情态动词should搭配，用动词原形。表示"人们的"用people's。表示"环境的"用形容词environmental，作前置定语，修饰"意识"。表示"意识"用awareness，作should raise的宾语。故答案为We should raise people's environmental awareness.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及情态动词、形容词、名词的应用。
49．（2024高一下·西城期末） 你不应该试图自己解决这个难题。（attempt to）
【答案】You shouldn't attempt to solve this difficult problem on your own.
【知识点】固定短语；情态动词的基本用法；汉译英；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】表示"不应该"应用情态动词shouldn't，表示"试图"应用动词attempt，attempt to do"试图做某事"，表示"解决这个难题"应用solve this difficult problem，应用不定式形式作宾语，表示"独自一人"应用介词短语on your own，作状语。故答案为You shouldn't attempt to solve this difficult problem on your own。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及情态动词、不定式作宾语以及固定短语attempt to do和on one's own。
50．（2024高一下·西城期末） 由于你们的帮助，我们提前完成了任务。（thanks to）
【答案】Thanks to your help, we finished the task ahead of time.
【知识点】固定短语；一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】表示"由于"短语为thanks to；表示"你们的帮助"为your help；主语为we；表示"完成任务"短语为finish the task；表示"提前"短语为ahead of time。为一般过去时。故答案为Thanks to your help, we finished the task ahead of time.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时以及固定短语ahead of time和thanks to。
51．（2024高一下·西城期末） 如果你需要更多的信息，请不要犹豫与我联系。（not hesitate to do）
【答案】If you need more information, please don't hesitate to contact me.
【知识点】固定短语；条件状语从句；祈使句；汉译英
【解析】【分析】"如果"使用if引导条件状语从句，表示"需要"应用动词need，作从句的谓语动词，表示"更多信息"译为more information，作宾语，"请"使用please，主句译为祈使句的否定形式，故"做某事不要犹豫"应用don't hesitate to do sth，不定式作宾语，表示"联系"应用动词contact，此处应用不定式形式，从句使用一般现在时。故答案为If you need more information, please don't hesitate to contact me.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及条件状语从句、祈使句和动词短语don't hesitate to do sth。
52．（2024高一下·西城期末） 通过反思考试中的错误，Mike在英语方面取得了很大的进步。（reflect on）
【答案】Mike has made great progress in English by reflecting on the mistakes he made on exams.
【知识点】固定短语；现在完成时；关系代词引导定语从句的用法；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示可知，Mike已经取得了进步，所以需要用现在完成时，"取得进步"为make progress；表示"在……方面取得进步"用介词in；"英语"为English；所以主句部分为Mike has made great progress in English。表示"通过……"用介词by；"反思"为固定短语reflect on；"错误"为mistake，此处需用复数；且指的是"他在考试中的错误"，所以需要用定语从句修饰；本句中"mistake"在句子中作宾语，所以关系词可省略，所以从句部分为he made on exams；所以状语部分为by reflecting on the mistakes he made on exams.。故答案为Mike has made great progress in English by reflecting on the mistakes he made on exams.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在完成时，限制性定语从句以及固定短语make progress和reflect on。
六、阅读表达（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
Is it a tree Is it a bear If you're looking at a tree in the shape of a bear, it's a topiary. A topiary is a tree or bush that is trained into a shape. Topiaries are a kind of sculpture. Growing topiary garden takes both time and skill.
The first thing a topiary gardener does is make a drawing. The drawing shows the form the gardener would like a tree or bush to take. The gardener then chooses the bush for the topiary. It may be one that has just been planted or one that is already in place. Special bushes are used for topiaries. These bushes are yew, privet, or boxwood.
In June of the plant's first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leaves grow, it is time to shape the bottom of the bush. The gardener shapes the bottom of the bush for about five years. The top is not trimmed during this time.
In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping. That's when the gardener begins to shape the whole bush. Sometimes branches are bent (使弯曲) to form a shape. The gardener ties the branches in place.
Once a topiary has been started, it needs care all year. In summer it must be clipped many times to keep its shape. This cutting also helps the bush grow. In winter the bushes don't grow. The gardeners have to brush snow off the plants. Snow can hurt the flat parts of the plants.
Topiary gardening is a very old art. The Romans did it in the first century. In the sixteenth century, people in Europe liked topiaries too. The Dutch and French grew very pretty topiaries in their neat gardens. In the late 1600s, topiaries were also grown in America. Today, there is a topiary garden in Williamsburg, Virginia. It's much like a garden that grew there hundreds of years ago.
53．What is a topiary (不多于13个单词)
54． When does the gardener begin to shape the whole bush (不多于4个单词)
55． What care does a topiary need in summer (不多于12个单词)
56． What do you think of topiary gardening Please explain why. (单词数不限)
【答案】53．A topiary is a tree or bush that is trained into a shape.
54．In the fifth year.
55．In summer it must be clipped many times to keep its shape.
56．略
【知识点】细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了树木修剪的意义以及具体的做法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放题两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
53．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"A topiary is a tree or bush that is trained into a shape."修剪过的树木或灌木被修剪成某种形状。可知，修剪是指修剪过的树木或灌木被修剪成某种形状。故答案为A topiary is a tree or bush that is trained into a shape.
54．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping."第五年，灌木长得足够高，可以修整了。可知，园丁第五年开始修整整个灌木。故答案为In the fifth year.
55．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"In summer it must be clipped many times to keep its shape."夏天必须剪很多次才能保持形状。可知，夏天必须剪很多次才能保持形状。故答案为In summer it must be clipped many times to keep its shape.
56．考查开放题。根据"你对园艺有什么看法？请解释原因"可回答：我认为园艺是一种迷人而有益的爱好，可以为任何花园或户外空间增添美丽和兴趣。虽然这可能需要一些奉献和努力，但最终的结果确实令人惊叹，值得付出努力。故答案为I think topiary gardening is a fascinating and rewarding hobby that can add beauty and interest to any garden or outdoor space. While it may require some dedication and hard work, the final results can be truly stunning and worth the effort.
七、书面表达（20分）
57．（2024高一下·西城期末）假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。近期，你所在的传统文化俱乐部将举办一次"Chinese Tea Day"主题活动。请给你校交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 邀请理由；
2. 活动安排。
注意：
1. 词数不少于60；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything
I am writing to invite you to the "Chinese Tea Day" activity, which will be held by our Traditional Culture Club. I know you love Chinese culture and enjoy hands-on experiences, and this activity offers both.
The 2-hour activity is scheduled for 4pm next Friday at a tea house near our school. It will include a presentation on the history of Chinese tea culture, followed by a tasting session with various types of Chinese tea, such as green, black, and oolong. Then, participants will have the opportunity to learn how to make and serve tea.
If you plan on coming, please reply to this email before Thursday afternoon. Looking forward to seeing you there.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以 红星中学高一学生李华的身份，给交换生Jim写一封邮件。写作背景： 近期，你所在的传统文化俱乐部将举办一次"Chinese Tea Day"主题活动。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 邀请理由；2. 活动安排。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I am writing to invite you to the "Chinese Tea Day" activity, which will be held by our Traditional Culture Club. 运用了不定式作目的状语，非限制性定语从句；I know you love Chinese culture and enjoy hands-on experiences, and this activity offers both.运用了宾语从句，并列句；The 2-hour activity is scheduled for 4pm next Friday at a tea house near our school. 运用了被动语态；It will include a presentation on the history of Chinese tea culture, followed by a tasting session with various types of Chinese tea, such as green, black, and oolong. 运用了过去分词作状语；Then, participants will have the opportunity to learn how to make and serve tea.运用了不定式作后置定语，"疑问词+不定式"作宾语；If you plan on coming, please reply to this email before Thursday afternoon.运用了条件状语从句，祈使句。
1 / 1北京市西城区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题
一、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It's a gift more than 50 years in the making.
In 1972, Barbara Rieco 1． a heartfelt children's book. It was based on a true story—a little boy she had met while she was a teenager living in Appalachia briefly. It was Barbara's first encounter with poverty (贫困). She came from a middle-class family. She got to see another side of life that she'd heard of, but never seen. It 2． her and had a lasting influence on her life.
3． her best efforts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal from publishers, leading her to eventually 4． her dreams of becoming a published author.
Little did she know that, many years later, her grandson would turn those dreams into reality. Chad Cooper, a design and production professional based in New York City, decided to give his grandmother the perfect Christmas gift—the 5． of her treasured book. Visiting her for the holidays, he 6． took her original manuscript, along with the illustrations she had an artist draw years ago, and turned them into a beautifully printed book.
On Christmas morning, as Barbara 7． the carefully wrapped gift, she was overcome with emotion. The moment, 8． by Chad, quickly became popular with viewers, and the video went viral online.
"This is probably the nicest thing anyone's ever done for me in my entire life," Barbara says in the video.
Chad's 9． act didn't just end with the surprise. He also included a(n) 10． to the book on Amazon, making it accessible to the public. The 11． was nothing short of a miracle (奇迹)—within days, Barbara's 12． book skyrocketed to the top of the bestseller list.
As the world 13． this unexpected Christmas miracle, Barbara Rieco's book, now 14． by a new generation of readers, continues to spread joy and inspiration, proving that sometimes the most extraordinary 15． are the ones we never knew we needed.
1．A． edited B． adapted C． penned D． translated
2．A． worried B． touched C． supported D． challenged
3．A． Despite B． Through C． Without D． For
4．A． take on B． live up to
C． hold on to D． set aside
5．A． promotion B． revision
C． publication D． recommendation
6．A． curiously B． secretly C． calmly D． shyly
7．A． bought B． held C． opened D． showed
8．A． photographed B． filmed C． written D． described
9．A． respectful B． faithful C． thankful D． thoughtful
10．A． link B． introduction C． approach D． guide
11．A． comment B． impression C． response D． prediction
12．A． once-forgotten B． badly-needed
C． well-known D． fully-prepared
13．A． accepts B． presents C． ignores D． celebrates
14．A． sold B． donated C． rated D． loved
15．A． videos B． gifts C． belongings D． materials
二、阅读理解
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Four Best City Walks in the US
Wisdom Tree Hike in Los Angeles
This is probably the most popular city walk in LA—a journey to the only tree to survive the 2007 Barham fire. The Wisdom Tree is at the top of Burbank Peak, which gives you great views all over Los Angeles.
The walk: Head up Wonder View Drive from Lake Hollywood Drive, and you will reach a gate at the end of the paved area. After you pass through, you'll get to a wide-open area and the trail to the Wisdom Tree is to your right.
SoHo/TriBeCa Walking Tour in New York City
Heading down to SoHo and TriBeCa will give you the feeling of being in another city within NYC. The small side streets hide interesting buildings and unique shops, as well as historic spots.
The walk: Head south from the Broadway-Lafayette Street subway station, and get lost among the art galleries, with a first sweet stop at the Museum of Ice Cream. Next, explore the Prince Street shops, then head east to Greene Street. Here, you can find some of the finest examples of cast-iron architecture in the city.
The Boardwalk Trail in Austin
In Austin, you'll be charmed by art. The Boardwalk Trail aims to build a 7,250-foot walkway filled with works of art and fantastic views of the city. Don't miss the 36 bronze belts designed by artist Ken Little, with country music song lyrics written on each.
The walk: You can access the Boardwalk Trail from several points. The full trail is 10 miles long, where you can enjoy the peaceful waterside views and the skyline of Austin at sunset.
Art Walk in Denver
Denver is a great destination in itself, with lots of cultural attractions, live music and excellent restaurants. The city's Art District on Santa Fe (ADSF) has a delightful 2.7-mile path that leads you to art galleries and excellent food and drink stops.
The walk: From the charming Victorian house where you can admire the violins and guitars handcrafted by artists, make your way north to the Sunken Gardens, then the streets busy with art galleries and shops. Every first Friday of the month, the ADSF puts on an organized Art Walk on Santa Fe Drive. Art lovers have an opportunity to connect and share the experience of immersing (使沉浸) themselves in Denver's art scene.
16．Which city walk can offer a bird's eye view of a city
A．Art Walk in Denver.
B．The Boardwalk Trail in Austin.
C．Wisdom Tree Hike in Los Angeles.
D．SoHo/TriBeCa Walking Tour in New York City.
17．What do the city walks in Austin and Denver have in common
A．Visitors can enjoy live music.
B．Visitors can appreciate art works.
C．Visitors can enjoy peaceful waterside views.
D．Visitors can appreciate hand-made musical instruments.
18．Where is this passage probably taken from
A．A tourist brochure. B．An art review.
C．An environmental journal. D．A geography textbook.
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The first time Terry attended a meeting of the Tahquamenon Sportsmen's Club, they made him vice president—and he wasn't even a member. By his second visit, the few members left in the dying organization had put him in charge of the whole thing.
The club began in the 1920s. Back then, hunting and fishing were pastimes in rural areas. The culture, however, is different now. When Terry took over the century-old club, it was on its last legs. Only a couple dozen members remained, and most were older than its new 68-year-old president. They were no longer doing the things they'd been known for. Worst of all, their famous fishing tackle party had been canceled twice, once just because they simply didn't have enough members to pull it off.
He wanted to push hard to keep the organization going, because it is one of the things that make up the heart and soul of Newberry. He had to look for new members. He needed to broaden the club's offerings to attract younger people. More than anything else, he had to make sure the tackle party for kids took place once again.
Little by little, Terry's efforts worked. People began asking about memberships. Some sent contributions. Others offered their time. A local company donated new siding for the clubhouse. Someone else said they would put a new roof on it. Someone came and mowed the lawn (草坪) when it got long in the summer. Others cleared the snow in the winter. All over town, people and businesses promised to help the club survive and succeed.
On the day of the annual Kids Tackle Party, hundreds of kids and their families appeared. Terry started the event with a speech. A local fishing expert gave tips on how to catch fish. Then, one at a time, each of the 245 kids was called by name, and every one of them got a fishing pole and a tackle box. It took more than three hours to get through everyone who showed up. It was a big event, one that came close to dying, but was finally back.
Terry fought to keep the club and party for kids, a longtime tradition in the Newberry community, going. Traditions are dying these days, but he was able to get people to hold onto this one.
19．When Terry took over the club, ____.
A．he was the youngest member
B．hunting was a popular pastime
C．the culture of the club remained
D．the club was struggling to survive
20．To keep the organization going, what did Terry put at the top of his to-do list
A．Broadening people's minds in Newberry.
B．Searching for help from his neighborhood.
C．Ensuring the return of the tackle party for kids.
D．Offering appealing activities to attract new members.
21． What did the townspeople do to help the club
A．They grew grass.
B．They removed the snow.
C．They donated fishing poles.
D．They fixed the clubhouse roof.
22．What can we learn from the story
A．Interest does not lie.
B．The discovery of tradition matters.
C．Sometimes hard work doesn't pay off.
D．A hero shows up during challenging times.
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In the 1970s, a gorilla (大猩猩) known as Koko became world-famous when scientists taught her to use human sign language to communicate with people. There were numerous attempts in the mid-1900s to teach human language to nonhumans, such as Koko. But what we should have been thinking about was their abilities to engage in complex communication on their own terms instead of trying to teach an animal to talk to us in human language.
Today scientists are trying to figure out how living things already share information using their particular methods. This new field of study is known as digital bioacoustics, and it involves using tools to understand the production of sounds and their effects on living things.
Scientists in this field are using sensors, which are devices that pick up and record information on physical or chemical conditions. Some are also using artificial intelligence (AI) technology, an approach that uses algorithms (算法). The same algorithms that we use in tools such as Google Translate to translate documents can also be used to find patterns in nonhuman communication.
Jeremy of Tel Aviv University studied nearly two dozen Egyptian fruit bats for two and a half months and recorded their vocalizations. His team adapted a voice-recognition program to study 15,000 of the sounds. The algorithm matched specific sounds with specific things the bats were doing. Using this program, the researchers were able to classify most of the bats' sounds. Jeremy and other researchers have found that bats have a much more complex language than we previously understood. Bats argue over food; they distinguish (区分) between genders when they communicate with one another and they have individual names, or "signature calls".
That's a great example of how AI is able to find these patterns from information gathered by sensors and microphones. AI reveals things that we can't hear with our human ears alone because most bat communication happens above our hearing range, and because bats speak much faster than we do, we have to slow it down to listen to it. So we cannot listen like a bat, but our computers can. And our computers can also speak back to the bat by producing specific patterns.
Digital bioacoustics is like an amazing hearing aid. It lets us listen to animals with both our digitally enhanced (增强的) ears and our imagination. This is slowly opening our minds not only to the wonderful sounds that nonhumans make, but to a fundamental set of questions about the so-called divide between humans and nonhumans, as well as our connection to other species. It's also opening up new ways to think about protecting living things and our relationship with the planet. It's pretty meaningful.
23． Regarding scientists' efforts to teach animals human language, the author feels ____.
A．negative B．unconcerned C．uncertain D．supportive
24．Scientists in digital bioacoustics are trying to study ____.
A．how animals use different tools to share information
B．how animals are affected by the production of sounds
C．how animals are taught to talk in human sign language
D．how animals communicate with one another using sounds
25．What can we learn about AI applied in digital bioacoustics
A．It pairs certain animals' sounds with their behaviors.
B．It slows down animals' sounds within humans' hearing range.
C．It adapts voice-recognition programs to analyze animals' sounds.
D．It translates specific nonhuman sound patterns into human language.
26． According to the passage, the author may agree that ____.
A．animals can be classified according to their sound patterns
B．scientists need to keep studying how animals produce sounds
C．digital bioacoustics may inspire humans to rethink their relationship with animals
D．the focus of digital bioacoustics should be the divide between humans and nonhumans
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Most of us don't have any memories from the first three to four years of our lives. And when we do try to think back to our earliest memories, it's often unclear whether they are the real thing or just recollections based on photos or stories told to us by others. The phenomenon (现象), known as "childhood amnesia", has been puzzling psychologists for more than a century—and we still don't fully understand it.
At first glance, it may seem that the reason we don't remember being babies is that babies don't have a fully developed memory. But babies as young as six months can form both short-term memories that last for minutes and long-term memories that last weeks. In one study, six-month-olds who learned how to press a button to operate a toy train remembered how to perform this action for two to three weeks after they had last seen the toy. Preschoolers can remember events that go years back.
Of course, memory capabilities at these ages are not adult-like. In fact, developmental changes in basic memory processes have been put forward as an explanation for childhood amnesia. These basic processes involve several brain regions and include forming, maintaining and then later retrieving (检索) the memory. For example, the hippocampus, thought to be responsible for forming memories, continues developing until the age of seven. The typical boundary for the offset of childhood amnesia—three and a half years—changes with age. Children and teenagers have earlier memories than adults do. This suggests that the problem may be less with forming memories than with maintaining them.
But this does not seem to be the whole story; language also plays a role. From the ages of one to six, children progress from the one-word stage of speaking to becoming fluent in their native language(s), so there are major changes in their verbal (言语的) ability that overlap with the childhood amnesia period. This includes using the past tense, and memory-related words such as "remember" and "forget".
It's true to some extent that a child's ability to verbalize about an event at the time that it happened predicts how well they remember it months or years later. One lab group conducted this work by interviewing young children brought to accident and emergency departments for common childhood injuries. Those over 26 months, who could verbalize about the event at the time, recalled (回忆起) it up to five years later, while those under 26 months, who could not talk about it, recalled little or nothing.
Even if we can't clearly remember specific events from when we were very young, their accumulation, however, leaves lasting tracks that influence our behavior. The first few years of life are forgettable and yet powerful in shaping the adults that we become.
27．According to the passage, childhood amnesia refers to ____.
A．inability to recall early childhood experiences
B．difficulty children have forming memories
C．concern about the truth of early memories
D．loss of memory abilities in the childhood
28．What do the words "overlap with" underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Have a lot in common with. B．Happen at the same time as.
C．Play an important role in. D．Are closely related to.
29．What may the results of the interview mentioned in Paragraph 5 suggest
A．Children start to form long-term memories at 26 months.
B．Children's ability to recall specific events increases with age.
C．Preverbal memories may be lost if they are not translated into language.
D．Injuries probably influence how well children verbalize about events.
30．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Childhood amnesia: How memory works in kids
B．The brain and memory: How memories are formed
C．Verbal ability: Why it matters in the memory process
D．The forgotten childhood: Why early memories disappear
三、选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）
（2024高一下·西城期末）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
observe harm likely independence
survivor promise normal
31． The workers are building shelters for thousands of earthquake 　 　.
32． 　 　, it takes three or four years to complete the opera course.
33． He was voted the most 　 　 new actor for his remarkable performance in the movie.
34． Although he sometimes speaks very directly, his intentions are 　 　 — he just wants to help others.
35．A(n) 　 　 organization is one that controls its own operation.
36． The two sides are 　 　 to reach an agreement, because neither of them is willing to give in.
37． The 　 　 of the universe makes us realize how small and insignificant we are.
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
38．（2024高一下·西城期末） I like big parties 　 　 you can dance, have fun and meet new people.
39．（2024高一下·西城期末） Do you know the reason 　 　 fruit and vegetables are often placed at a supermarket entrance
40．（2024高一下·西城期末） The trees 　 　 (blow) down in last night's storm have been moved off the road.
41．（2024高一下·西城期末） It is agreed 　 　 background knowledge plays an important role in reading.
42．（2024高一下·西城期末） Producing a paper bag 　 　 (use) four times as much energy as producing a plastic one.
43．（2024高一下·西城期末）　 　 they'll fly to Inner Mongolia hasn't been decided.
44．（2024高一下·西城期末） Some online courses are free and open to anyone, 　 　 (give) learners anywhere the chance to study at any time.
45．（2024高一下·西城期末）The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by　 　 she was rescued.
46．（2024高一下·西城期末） I was having dinner when the phone rang, so I stopped 　 　 (answer) it.
47．（2024高一下·西城期末） Those who like teaching 　 　 they have acquired show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge.
五、完成句子（共5小题；第63、64题每题2分，第65、66、67题每题3分，共13分）根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。
48．（2024高一下·西城期末） 我们要提高人们的环保意识。（raise awareness）
49．（2024高一下·西城期末） 你不应该试图自己解决这个难题。（attempt to）
50．（2024高一下·西城期末） 由于你们的帮助，我们提前完成了任务。（thanks to）
51．（2024高一下·西城期末） 如果你需要更多的信息，请不要犹豫与我联系。（not hesitate to do）
52．（2024高一下·西城期末） 通过反思考试中的错误，Mike在英语方面取得了很大的进步。（reflect on）
六、阅读表达（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）
（2024高一下·西城期末）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
Is it a tree Is it a bear If you're looking at a tree in the shape of a bear, it's a topiary. A topiary is a tree or bush that is trained into a shape. Topiaries are a kind of sculpture. Growing topiary garden takes both time and skill.
The first thing a topiary gardener does is make a drawing. The drawing shows the form the gardener would like a tree or bush to take. The gardener then chooses the bush for the topiary. It may be one that has just been planted or one that is already in place. Special bushes are used for topiaries. These bushes are yew, privet, or boxwood.
In June of the plant's first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leaves grow, it is time to shape the bottom of the bush. The gardener shapes the bottom of the bush for about five years. The top is not trimmed during this time.
In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping. That's when the gardener begins to shape the whole bush. Sometimes branches are bent (使弯曲) to form a shape. The gardener ties the branches in place.
Once a topiary has been started, it needs care all year. In summer it must be clipped many times to keep its shape. This cutting also helps the bush grow. In winter the bushes don't grow. The gardeners have to brush snow off the plants. Snow can hurt the flat parts of the plants.
Topiary gardening is a very old art. The Romans did it in the first century. In the sixteenth century, people in Europe liked topiaries too. The Dutch and French grew very pretty topiaries in their neat gardens. In the late 1600s, topiaries were also grown in America. Today, there is a topiary garden in Williamsburg, Virginia. It's much like a garden that grew there hundreds of years ago.
53．What is a topiary (不多于13个单词)
54． When does the gardener begin to shape the whole bush (不多于4个单词)
55． What care does a topiary need in summer (不多于12个单词)
56． What do you think of topiary gardening Please explain why. (单词数不限)
七、书面表达（20分）
57．（2024高一下·西城期末）假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。近期，你所在的传统文化俱乐部将举办一次"Chinese Tea Day"主题活动。请给你校交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 邀请理由；
2. 活动安排。
注意：
1. 词数不少于60；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C；2．B；3．A；4．D；5．C；6．B；7．C；8．B；9．D；10．A；11．C；12．A；13．D；14．D；15．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了孙子帮助祖母实现长期未实现的成为出版社作家的梦想。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：1972年，芭芭拉·里科写了一本感人的儿童读物。A. edited"编辑"；B. adapted"改编"；C. penned"写"；D. translated"翻译"。根据下文"the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal from publishers"手稿遭到出版社多次拒绝，可知此处是写了一本书。故选C。
2．句意：这打动了她，并对她的生活产生了持久的影响。A. worried"担心"；B. touched"感动"；C. supported"支持"；D. challenged"挑战"。根据上文"She got to see another side of life that she'd heard of, but never seen."；以及空后"had a lasting influence on her life"可知，她从书中看到了她听说过但从未见过的生活的另一面，所以是感动了她。故选B。
3．句意：尽管她尽了最大的努力，但手稿还是遭到了出版商的多次拒绝，最终导致她放弃了成为一名出版作家的梦想。A. Despite"虽然，尽管"；B. Through"通过"；C. Without"没有"；D. For "为了"。根据空后"the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal from publishers"可知，虽然她尽了最大的努力，她的手稿被出版社拒绝了。故选A。
4．句意：尽管她尽了最大的努力，但手稿还是遭到了出版商的多次拒绝，最终导致她放弃了成为一名出版作家的梦想。A. take on"开始承担"；B. live up to"达到，实现"；C. hold on to"坚持"；D. set aside"把……放置一旁"。根据上文" 3 her best efforts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal from publishers,"可知，虽然她尽了最大努力，最终遭到出版社的拒绝，所以此处指的是她把成为一名出版社作家的梦想放置一边。故选D。
5．句意：查德·库珀是纽约市的一名设计和制作专业人士，他决定给他的祖母一份完美的圣诞礼物——出版她珍贵的书。A. promotion"提升"；B. revision"复习，修改"；C. publication"出版"；D. recommendation"推荐"。根据上文"her dreams of becoming a published author."；以及空后"turned them into a beautifully printed book"可知，他的祖母最终放弃了成为一名出版社作家的梦想，此处指的是他把她的珍贵的书出版。故选C。
6．句意：假期去看望她时，他偷偷拿走了她的原稿，还有她几年前请一位艺术家画的插图，把它们变成了一本印刷精美的书。A. curiously"好奇地"；B. secretly"秘密地"；C. calmly"镇静地"；D. shyly"害羞地"。根据下文"Chad's 9 act didn't just end with the surprise."可知，他给奶奶带来的不仅仅是惊喜，所以这里指的是秘密地拿走了她的原稿。故选B。
7．句意：圣诞节的早晨，当芭芭拉打开精心包装的礼物时，她激动不已。A. bought"卖"；B. held "举行"；C. opened"打开"；D. showed"展示"。根据空后"the carefully wrapped gift"可知，此处是打开精心包装的礼物。故选C。
8．句意：查德拍摄的这一时刻迅速受到观众的欢迎，视频在网上疯传。A. photographed"拍照"；B. filmed"拍摄"；C. written"写"；D. described"描述"。根据空后"and the video went viral online."视频在网上疯传，可知，查德拍下了这一时刻。故选B。
9．句意：查德的体贴举动不仅以惊喜结束。A. respectful"尊敬的"；B. faithful"真诚的"；C. thankful"感激的"；D. thoughtful"考虑周到的，体贴的"。根据上文"Visiting her for the holidays, he 6 took her original manuscript, along with the illustrations she had an artist draw years ago, and turned them into a beautifully printed book."他偷偷地把奶奶的书出版，可知此处指的体贴的举动。故选D。
10．句意：他还在亚马逊上提供了这本书的链接，让公众可以阅读。A. link"链接"；B. introduction "介绍"；C. approach"方法"；D. guide"指导"。根据空后"the book on Amazon"以及"making it accessible to the public"使得公众可以阅读，可知，此处指的是把书的链接放在亚马逊上。故选A。
11．句意：人们的反应简直是一个奇迹——几天之内，芭芭拉这本曾经被遗忘的书就蹿到了畅销书排行榜的首位。A. comment"评论"；B. impression"印象"；C. response"回应，反应"；D. prediction"预测"。根据空后"Barbara's 12 book skyrocketed to the top of the bestseller list"可知，她的书达到了畅销书排行榜的首位，所以是人们的反应。故选C。
12．句意：人们的反应简直是一个奇迹——几天之内，芭芭拉这本曾经被遗忘的书就蹿到了畅销书排行榜的首位。A. once-forgotten"曾经被遗忘的"；B. badly-needed"急需的"；C. well-known"著名的"；D. fully-prepared"充分准备的"。根据上文" 3 her best efforts, the manuscript (手稿) faced repeated refusal from publishers, leading her to eventually 4 her dreams of becoming a published author."可知，他奶奶的书曾经被出版社拒绝，奶奶放弃了成为出版社作家的梦想，所以这里指的是曾经被遗忘的书。故选A。
13．句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A. accepts"接受"；B. presents"展示"；C. ignores"忽视"；D. celebrates"庆祝"。根据空后"this unexpected Christmas miracle"可知，此处指的是庆祝圣诞节的这一奇迹。故选D。
14．句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A. sold"出售"；B. donated"捐赠"；C. rated"评估"；D. loved"喜爱"。根据上文"Barbara's 12 _ book skyrocketed to the top of the bestseller list"以及空后"continues to spread joy and inspiration"可知，芭芭拉的书位畅销书榜首，继续传播欢乐和灵感，故此处这是她的书受到新一代读者的喜爱。故选D。
15．句意：当全世界都在庆祝这个意想不到的圣诞奇迹时，芭芭拉·里科的书，现在受到新一代读者的喜爱，继续传播欢乐和灵感，证明有时最不寻常的礼物是我们从不知道我们需要的。A. videos"视频"；B. gifts"礼物"；C. belongings"所有物"；D. materials"材料"。根据上文"decided to give his grandmother the perfect Christmas gift"可知，此处指的是最不寻常的礼物。故选B。
【答案】16．C
17．B
18．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国最好的四个城市步道。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
16．考查细节理解。根据Wisdom Tree Hike in Los Angeles部分中的"The Wisdom Tree is at the top of Burbank Peak, which gives you great views all over Los Angeles." Wisdom Tree位于伯班克山顶，在那里你可以看到整个洛杉矶的美景。可知，洛杉矶的Wisdom Tree Hike可以看到一个城市的全景。故选C。
17．考查细节理解。根据The Boardwalk Trail in Austin部分中的"In Austin, you'll be charmed by art."在奥斯汀，你会被艺术所吸引；以及Art Walk in Denver部分中的"Denver is a great destination in itself, with lots of cultural attractions, live music and excellent restaurants. The city's Art District on Santa Fe (ADSF) has a delightful 2.7-mile path that leads you to art galleries and excellent food and drink stops."丹佛本身就是一个伟大的目的地，有许多文化景点，现场音乐和一流的餐馆。这座城市的圣达菲艺术区(ADSF)有一条令人愉快的2.7英里小路，可以通往艺术画廊和美味的美食和饮料站。可知，Austin and Denver的共同之处在于在这两个地方的游客可以欣赏艺术作品。故选B。
18．考查推理判断。根据本文标题"Four Best City Walks in the US"美国最好的四个城市步道；以及全文内容可知文章主要介绍了美国最好的四个城市步道，所以最有可能出自旅游手册。故选A。
【答案】19．D
20．C
21．B
22．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Terry接管了一个濒临灭亡的俱乐部，经过努力让它重新恢复生机的故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
19．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"By his second visit, the few members left in the dying organization had put him in charge of the whole thing."到他第二次去的时候，这个垂死的组织里剩下的几个成员已经让他掌管了整个组织；以及第二段中的"When Terry took over the century-old club, it was on its last legs"Terry接手这家百年俱乐部时，它已奄奄一息。可知，当Terry接管俱乐部时，俱乐部正在为生存而挣扎。故选D。
20．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"More than anything else, he had to make sure the tackle party for kids took place once again."最重要的是，他必须确保孩子们的钓鱼派对再次举行。可知，为了保证俱乐部的运转，Terry把确保孩子们的钓鱼派对的回归放在了他待办事项清单的首位。故选C。
21．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Someone came and mowed the lawn (草坪) when it got long in the summer. Others cleared the snow in the winter."当草在夏天变长时有人来修剪草坪，其他人则在冬天清理积雪。可知，为了帮助俱乐部，镇上的人帮助俱乐部清除积雪。故选B。
22．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Terry fought to keep the club and party for kids, a longtime tradition in the Newberry community, going. Traditions are dying these days, but he was able to get people to hold onto this one."Terry努力让俱乐部和孩子们的聚会继续下去，这是纽伯里社区的一个长期传统。如今，传统正在消亡，但他能让人们坚持下去；以及文章其他段落的内容可知，文章主要讲的是Terry拯救了濒临灭亡的钓鱼派对，可推知，英雄总是出现在挑战性的时期。故选D。
【答案】23．A
24．D
25．A
26．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们正试图弄清楚生物是如何用它们独特的方法共享信息的。这个新的研究领域被称为数字生物声学，它不仅让我们听到了非人类发出的美妙声音，而且让我们看到了一系列关于所谓的人类和非人类之间的鸿沟的基本问题，以及我们与其他物种的联系。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
23．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"But what we should have been thinking about was their abilities to engage in complex communication on their own terms instead of trying to teach an animal to talk to us in human language."但我们应该考虑的是它们用自己的方式进行复杂交流的能力，而不是试图教会动物用人类的语言与我们交谈。可知作者认为我们应该考虑让动物用它们自己的方式进行复杂交流，而不是试图教会动物用人类的语言与我们交谈，所以作者对于科学家教动物人类语言的努力的态度是消极的。故选A。
24．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Today scientists are trying to figure out how living things already share information using their particular methods.."今天，科学家们正试图弄清楚生物是如何用它们独特的方法共享信息的。可知数字生物声学的科学家们正试图研究动物是如何利用它们独特的方法即声音相互交流的。故选D。
25．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"The algorithm matched specific sounds with specific things the bats were doing. Using this program, the researchers were able to classify most of the bats' sounds."该算法将特定的声音与蝙蝠正在做的特定事情相匹配。利用这个程序，研究人员能够对大多数蝙蝠的声音进行分类。可知应用于数字生物声学的人工智能将某些动物的声音与它们的行为配对。故选A。
26．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"It's also opening up new ways to think about protecting living things and our relationship with the planet. It's pretty meaningful."它也开辟了新的方式来思考保护生物和我们与地球的关系。这很有意义。可知作者认为数字生物声学可能会激发人类重新思考他们与动物的关系。故选C。
【答案】27．A
28．B
29．C
30．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；医疗保健类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了"童年失忆症"这一现象，分析了背后的原因以及相关研究。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和标题归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
27．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Most of us don't have any memories from the first three to four years of our lives. And when we do try to think back to our earliest memories, it's often unclear whether they are the real thing or just recollections based on photos or stories told to us by others. The phenomenon (现象), known as "childhood amnesia", has been puzzling psychologists for more than a century—and we still don't fully understand it."我们大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆。当我们试图回想起我们最早的记忆时，往往不清楚它们是真实的，还是仅仅是基于照片或别人告诉我们的故事的回忆。这种现象被称为"童年失忆症"，一个多世纪以来一直困扰着心理学家，我们仍然没有完全理解它。可知，童年健忘症是指无法回忆起童年早期的经历。故选A。
28．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Most of us don't have any memories from the first three to four years of our lives."我们大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆；以及第四段中的"From the ages of one to six, children progress from the one-word stage of speaking to becoming fluent in their native language(s), so there are major changes in their verbal (言语的) ability that"可知，大多数人对生命的前三到四岁没有任何记忆，这时因为从1岁到6岁，孩子们从一个单词的说话阶段发展到流利地说母语，所以他们的语言能力发生了重大变化，与儿童失忆症时期同时发生。可推知划线词overlap with意思是"与……同时发生"。故选B。
29．考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Those over 26 months, who could verbalize about the event at the time, recalled (回忆起) it up to five years later, while those under 26 months, who could not talk about it, recalled little or nothing."超过26个月的婴儿当时可以用语言描述这件事，五年后他们还能回忆起这件事，而26个月以下的婴儿不能谈论这件事，几乎什么也记不起来。可知，访谈结果可能表明如果不将言语前的记忆翻译成语言，可能会丢失。故选C。
30．考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"The phenomenon (现象), known as ‘childhood amnesia', has been puzzling psychologists for more than a century—and we still don't fully understand it."这种现象被称为"童年失忆症"，一个多世纪以来一直困扰着心理学家，我们仍然没有完全理解它；结合文章主要介绍了"童年失忆症"这一现象，分析了背后的原因以及相关研究。"被遗忘的童年：为什么早期记忆会消失"适合作本文标题。故选D。
【答案】31．survivors
32．Normally
33．promising
34．harmless
35．independent
36．unlikely
37．observation
【知识点】其他类
【解析】【分析】observe动词短语，"观察"； harm 动词&名词，"危害"； likely 形容词，"可能的" ； independence名词，"独立"；survivor 名词，"幸存者" ； promise 名词&动词，"承诺" ；normal形容词，"正常的"。
【点评】考查选词填空，要求考生在理解句义的基础上，根据所给的词汇，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。
31．句意：工人们正在为成千上万的地震幸存者建造避难所。根据空格前"建造避难所"可知，此处指的是地震幸存者，survivor意为"幸存者"；空格前有"thousands of"所以要用复数。故填survivors。
32．句意：通常，完成歌剧课程需要三到四年的时间。此处修饰后面的句子，应用副词；空格后"完成歌剧课程需要三到四年的时间"为一个通常的情况；normally为normal的副词，意为"通常"。故填Normally。
33．句意：由于他在电影中的出色表现，他被选为最有前途的新演员。此处形容词修饰名词。根据空格后"他在电影中的出色表现"可知，此处说明他是有前途的演员；promising意为"有前途的"，为promise的形容词。故填promising。
34．句意：虽然他有时说话很直接，但他的意图是无害的——他只是想帮助别人。此处形容词作表语，根据空格后"他只是想帮助别人"可知，他的意图是好的，没有坏处的；harmless意为"无害的"为harm的形容词。故填harmless。
35．句意：独立组织是指控制自身运作的组织。此处形容词修饰名词。根据空格后的"控制自身运作的组织"可知，此处指的是独立的组织；independent意为"独立的"，为independence的形容词。故填independent。
36．句意：双方不太可能达成协议，因为双方都不愿让步。此处副词修是谓语动词。根据后文"因为双方都不愿让步"，可知，此处指的是不可能达成协议。unlikely意为"不可能地"，为likely的反义词。故填unlikely。
37．句意：对宇宙的观察让我们意识到我们是多么的渺小和微不足道。此处名词作主语。根据空格后"让我们意识到我们是多么的渺小和微不足道"以及"宇宙"可知，此处指的是"对宇宙的观察"。observation意为"观察"，为observe的名词，此处特指对宇宙的观察。故填observation。
38．【答案】where
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我喜欢大型派对，在那里你可以跳舞，玩得开心，认识新朋友。 you can dance, have fun and meet new people是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词parties，在从句作地点状语，故填where。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。
39．【答案】why
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：你知道水果和蔬菜经常被放在超市入口处的原因吗？ fruit and vegetables are often placed at a supermarket entrance 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，故填why。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词why引导的限制性定语从句。
40．【答案】blown
【知识点】动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：在昨晚的暴风雨中被吹倒的树木已被移离道路。主语The trees 与blow之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，作后置定语。故填blown。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作后置定语。
41．【答案】that
【知识点】主语从句；固定句式
【解析】【分析】句意：人们一致认为背景知识在阅读中起着重要作用。表示"大家一致认为……"句型为It is agreed that...，故填that。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的主语从句以及固定句型It is agreed that...。
42．【答案】uses
【知识点】动词第三人称单数；一般现在时
【解析】【分析】句意：生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是生产一个塑料袋的四倍。此处是谓语动词，动名词短语Producing a paper bag作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故填uses。
【点评】考查时态和主谓一致，本题涉及一般现在时和动名词短语作主语。
43．【答案】When/Whether
【知识点】主语从句
【解析】【分析】句意：他们什么时候飞往内蒙古还没有决定。 they'll fly to Inner Mongolia 是主语从句，从句缺少时间状语，应用连接副词when/whenever，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When/Whenever。
【点评】考查主语从句，本题涉及when/whenever引导的主语从句。
44．【答案】giving
【知识点】动词现在分词
【解析】【分析】句意：有些在线课程是免费的，对任何人开放，让学习者随时随地都有机会学习。此处give与上文句子构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填giving。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作状语。
45．【答案】whom
【知识点】“介词关系代词（which/whom)”引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这位妇女给救她的士兵写了一封感谢信。分析句子可知，by……she was rescued为定语从句，修饰先行词the soldier，设空处为引导词，在从句中作介词by的宾语，故填whom。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及"by whom "引导的限制性定语从句。
46．【答案】to answer
【知识点】固定短语；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：电话响时我正在吃晚饭，所以我停下来接电话。stop to do..固定短语，"停下来去做另外一件事"，用不定式作宾语，句中指停下吃饭，去接电话，用stop to answer。故填to answer。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式作宾语以及固定短语stop to do...。
47．【答案】what
【知识点】宾语从句的连接词
【解析】【分析】句意：那些喜欢教他们所学知识的人表现出更好的理解和记忆能力。 they have acquired 是宾语从句，从句谓语动词have acquired之后缺少宾语，应用引导词what，意为"……的东西"。故填what。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的宾语从句。
48．【答案】We should raise people's environmental awareness.
【知识点】情态动词的基本用法；汉译英；不可数名词；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】表示"我们"用we，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示"应该"用情态动词should。表示"提高"用动词raise，与情态动词should搭配，用动词原形。表示"人们的"用people's。表示"环境的"用形容词environmental，作前置定语，修饰"意识"。表示"意识"用awareness，作should raise的宾语。故答案为We should raise people's environmental awareness.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及情态动词、形容词、名词的应用。
49．【答案】You shouldn't attempt to solve this difficult problem on your own.
【知识点】固定短语；情态动词的基本用法；汉译英；动词不定式
【解析】【分析】表示"不应该"应用情态动词shouldn't，表示"试图"应用动词attempt，attempt to do"试图做某事"，表示"解决这个难题"应用solve this difficult problem，应用不定式形式作宾语，表示"独自一人"应用介词短语on your own，作状语。故答案为You shouldn't attempt to solve this difficult problem on your own。
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及情态动词、不定式作宾语以及固定短语attempt to do和on one's own。
50．【答案】Thanks to your help, we finished the task ahead of time.
【知识点】固定短语；一般过去时；汉译英
【解析】【分析】表示"由于"短语为thanks to；表示"你们的帮助"为your help；主语为we；表示"完成任务"短语为finish the task；表示"提前"短语为ahead of time。为一般过去时。故答案为Thanks to your help, we finished the task ahead of time.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及一般过去时以及固定短语ahead of time和thanks to。
51．【答案】If you need more information, please don't hesitate to contact me.
【知识点】固定短语；条件状语从句；祈使句；汉译英
【解析】【分析】"如果"使用if引导条件状语从句，表示"需要"应用动词need，作从句的谓语动词，表示"更多信息"译为more information，作宾语，"请"使用please，主句译为祈使句的否定形式，故"做某事不要犹豫"应用don't hesitate to do sth，不定式作宾语，表示"联系"应用动词contact，此处应用不定式形式，从句使用一般现在时。故答案为If you need more information, please don't hesitate to contact me.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及条件状语从句、祈使句和动词短语don't hesitate to do sth。
52．【答案】Mike has made great progress in English by reflecting on the mistakes he made on exams.
【知识点】固定短语；现在完成时；关系代词引导定语从句的用法；汉译英
【解析】【分析】根据汉语提示可知，Mike已经取得了进步，所以需要用现在完成时，"取得进步"为make progress；表示"在……方面取得进步"用介词in；"英语"为English；所以主句部分为Mike has made great progress in English。表示"通过……"用介词by；"反思"为固定短语reflect on；"错误"为mistake，此处需用复数；且指的是"他在考试中的错误"，所以需要用定语从句修饰；本句中"mistake"在句子中作宾语，所以关系词可省略，所以从句部分为he made on exams；所以状语部分为by reflecting on the mistakes he made on exams.。故答案为Mike has made great progress in English by reflecting on the mistakes he made on exams.
【点评】考查汉译英，本题涉及现在完成时，限制性定语从句以及固定短语make progress和reflect on。
【答案】53．A topiary is a tree or bush that is trained into a shape.
54．In the fifth year.
55．In summer it must be clipped many times to keep its shape.
56．略
【知识点】细节理解题；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了树木修剪的意义以及具体的做法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放题两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
53．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"A topiary is a tree or bush that is trained into a shape."修剪过的树木或灌木被修剪成某种形状。可知，修剪是指修剪过的树木或灌木被修剪成某种形状。故答案为A topiary is a tree or bush that is trained into a shape.
54．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"In the fifth year, the bush grows tall enough for shaping."第五年，灌木长得足够高，可以修整了。可知，园丁第五年开始修整整个灌木。故答案为In the fifth year.
55．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"In summer it must be clipped many times to keep its shape."夏天必须剪很多次才能保持形状。可知，夏天必须剪很多次才能保持形状。故答案为In summer it must be clipped many times to keep its shape.
56．考查开放题。根据"你对园艺有什么看法？请解释原因"可回答：我认为园艺是一种迷人而有益的爱好，可以为任何花园或户外空间增添美丽和兴趣。虽然这可能需要一些奉献和努力，但最终的结果确实令人惊叹，值得付出努力。故答案为I think topiary gardening is a fascinating and rewarding hobby that can add beauty and interest to any garden or outdoor space. While it may require some dedication and hard work, the final results can be truly stunning and worth the effort.
57．【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything
I am writing to invite you to the "Chinese Tea Day" activity, which will be held by our Traditional Culture Club. I know you love Chinese culture and enjoy hands-on experiences, and this activity offers both.
The 2-hour activity is scheduled for 4pm next Friday at a tea house near our school. It will include a presentation on the history of Chinese tea culture, followed by a tasting session with various types of Chinese tea, such as green, black, and oolong. Then, participants will have the opportunity to learn how to make and serve tea.
If you plan on coming, please reply to this email before Thursday afternoon. Looking forward to seeing you there.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以 红星中学高一学生李华的身份，给交换生Jim写一封邮件。写作背景： 近期，你所在的传统文化俱乐部将举办一次"Chinese Tea Day"主题活动。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1. 邀请理由；2. 活动安排。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I am writing to invite you to the "Chinese Tea Day" activity, which will be held by our Traditional Culture Club. 运用了不定式作目的状语，非限制性定语从句；I know you love Chinese culture and enjoy hands-on experiences, and this activity offers both.运用了宾语从句，并列句；The 2-hour activity is scheduled for 4pm next Friday at a tea house near our school. 运用了被动语态；It will include a presentation on the history of Chinese tea culture, followed by a tasting session with various types of Chinese tea, such as green, black, and oolong. 运用了过去分词作状语；Then, participants will have the opportunity to learn how to make and serve tea.运用了不定式作后置定语，"疑问词+不定式"作宾语；If you plan on coming, please reply to this email before Thursday afternoon.运用了条件状语从句，祈使句。
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