课件43张PPT。陕西省英语第26讲 动词和动词短语【陕西2011～2015年中考考情分析与复习指南】 由上表分析可知，陕西中考试题对动词和动词短语的考查是重点，几乎覆盖整套试卷。内容包括动词词义辨析，动词变形，动词短语辨析等。作为语法中的重点和必考点，当然也是有一定的难度，所以对动词的复习我们必须学会词义归类和在语境中分门别类地去记忆。高频考点动词短语如up短语和take短语，考生必须熟知并掌握。情态动词近五年虽未在单选和完形中出现，但在听力、补全对话、对话中还是经常会使用得到的，所以对情态动词的考查还是不能掉以轻心。
动词是英语学习中的重点。动词与动词短语也是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。预计2016年对动词的考查会一如既往，不会改变。高频考点一 动词的基本形式
动词包括行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1．第三人称单数形式的构成
①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加-s或-es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。②不规则变化的有have—has等。2．现在分词的构成3.过去式和过去分词的构成
①规则变化②不规则变化需单独记忆。高频考点二 实义动词词义辨析
实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
①动词＋宾语。如：
I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
②动词＋宾语＋宾补
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语2．不及物动词
①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。如：
He always studies hard.他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)
②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：
She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)【例1】 —How's Bob now?
—I hear the company ________ him a very good job，but he turned it down.(2015，靖边模拟)
A．donated B．served C．offered D．introduced
解析：donate“捐赠”；serve“服务”；offer“提供”；introduce“介绍”。由语境可知句意为“我听说这个公司给他提供了一个很好的工作，但是他拒绝了。”
答案：__C__【例2】 It was such a long way that they didn't ________ the hotel until it became dark.(2015，哈尔滨)
A．reach B．arrive C．get
解析：reach为及物动词；arrive为不及物动词，后接介词at或in构成及物动词短语；get后接介词to，构成及物动词短语。由空格后的the hotel可知，此处应用及物动词。
答案：__A__【例3】 —I'll always stand by you when you are in need.
—It's nice of you.Your support is really ________.(2015，武汉)
A．appreciated B．thanked
C．helped D．depended
解析：appreciate“感激”，宾语常为事或物；thank“感谢”，宾语常为人；help“帮助”，宾语常为人；depend“依赖”，常构成短语depend on“依靠”。上句句意为“当你需要时，我会一直支持你”，由此可推知答语句意为“你太好了，非常感激你的支持。”本句为被动句，your support为appreciate动作的承受者。
答案：__A__高频考点三 系动词和助动词的用法
1．系动词
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。
2．助动词
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。【例4】This kind of peach looks really nice，but it ________ very sour.(2015，海淀模拟)
A．tastes B．looks C．feels D．sounds
解析：由语境可知“这种桃子看起来很好，但是尝起来很酸。”taste“尝起来”；look“看起来”；feel“感觉”；sound“听起来”。
答案：__A__【例5】 —Would you like some Wenchang Chicken？It ________ delicious.
—Yes，please.It's my favorite.(2015，海南)
A．sounds B．tastes C．feels
解析：sound“听起来”；taste“尝起来”；feel“摸起来，感觉”。主语it指代上句中的Wenchang Chicken，形容词delicious作表语，鸡肉“尝起来”美味才是符合逻辑的表达。
答案：__B__【例6】—Do you like watching TV?
—No，but my brother________.(2016，原创)
A．does B．do C．is D．likes
解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。
答案：__A__高频考点四 情态动词的用法
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can(could)
①表能力，could为can的过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
②表可能性。
③表许可。口语中可代替may。
④can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。2．may(might)
①用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
②表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。3．must
①表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。注：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
②表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
①表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
②表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。【例7】 There's an important football match today.I ________ miss it.(2015，河北)
A．may B．can't C．must D．needn't
解析：may“可以”；can't“不能”；must“必须”；needn't“不必”。由前句句意“今天有一场重要的足球赛”可知，后句应意为“我不能错过它”。
答案：__B__【例8】Jenny finally got the job because she ________ speak English well.(2015，佛山)
A．might B．must C．could
解析：might为may的过去式，意为“可能；可以”；must“必须；一定”；could为can的过去式，意为“能够”。由前半句意思“珍妮最终得到了那份工作”可知，后半句意为“因为她英语能说得好”。
答案：__C__【例9】—Do you have any plans for this Sunday?
—I'm not sure.I ________ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.(2015，安徽)
A．can B．must C．may D．need
解析：由答语中关键信息“not sure(不确定)”可推测出，后面一句所谈的活动安排只是一种可能。
答案：__C__【例10】 —Must I come up with the solution to the science project today?
—No，you ________.But you must make it ________ 5 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.(2015，商洛模拟)
A．mustn't；at B．can't；before
C．don't have to；by D．needn't；in
解析：以情态动词must开头的一般疑问句，否定回答为needn't或doesn't/don't have to，表示“没有必要”，故排除A、B两项。in后不能接表示时刻的词，by表示“在……之前，不迟于”，后可接表示时刻的词。句意为“今天我必须想出解决这个科学项目的办法吗？”“不，你不必。但是你必须在明天下午5点之前搞定。”
答案：__C__【例11】—Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?
—It________be her.She is giving a performance at the theater now.(2016，预测)
A．may B．must C．can't D．mustn't
解析：由答语第二句“她现在正在剧院进行表演”说明敲门的一定不是她。may“可能是”，表示把握性不大的推测；must“一定是”，表示肯定推测；can't“不可能是”，用于有把握的否定推测；mustn't表示“千万别，禁止”。
答案：__C__高频考点五 动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。
1．动词短语的分类：
①动词＋介词
arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
②及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over，cut off③不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)
④动词＋副词＋介词
get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to
⑤动词＋名词＋介词
take part in，make friends with，take care of
⑥be＋形容词＋介词
be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about2．初中阶段常用短语如下：
①look短语
look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找……；look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览
②put短语
put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演，增加(体重)；put away 把……暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put off推迟；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴；put sth.to good use好好利用某物③turn短语
turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn...into...把……变成……
④get短语
get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马等)；get off下车(船、飞机、马等)；get away离开，逃脱；get in they way of挡……的路，妨碍；get into陷入，参与；get out(of)(从……)出来；get to到达；get together聚会；get married结婚；get used to习惯于；get mad大动肝火，气愤⑤take短语
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸入，吞入(体内)；take away拿走；take down拆除，往下拽，记录；take after(外貌或行为)像；take breaks休息；take care of照顾；take risks冒险；take up占据(时间、空间等)，开始从事，拿起；take action采取行动；take place发生；take part in参加；take pride in为……感到自豪⑥go短语
go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为……而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school/work去上学/班；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生⑦come短语
come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油；come up with想出(主意、计划等)
⑧give短语
give up放弃；give off放出、发出(气体、气味、光、热等)；give out分发，散发；give away赠送，捐赠；give in屈服，让步，投降；give...a lift捎……一程⑨make短语
make a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与……交朋友；make up编造，组成；make a face做鬼脸；make an effort作出努力；make sure确保；make a difference影响，有作用；make one's way前往，费力地前进⑩be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好；be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎；be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；be famous/known for因……著名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对……有好处；be good at擅长于……；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满……；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着；be used to习惯于……；be in control of掌管，管理；be able to能够做某事；be ready to愿意迅速做某事；be similar to与……相像；be sure about确信，对……有把握；be up to是……的职责，由……决定；be thirsty for渴望；be hard on sb.对某人苛刻
?call短语
call at拜访(后接地点)；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for要求，提倡，邀请；call in召来；叫来【例12】We should think of others if we want to ________ them.(2015，临潼模拟)
A．get on well with B．hear of
C．get ready for D．hear from
解析：由语境可知句意为“如果想要与别人相处融洽，我们应当多考虑别人”。get on well with“与某人相处融洽”；hear of“听说”；get ready for“准备”；hear from“收到某人来信”。
答案：__A__【例13】—Oh，dear！Your room is untidy.
—Sorry，Mom.I'll ________.(2016，预测)
A．set it up B．clean it up
C．put it up D．look it up
解析：set up“建立，设立”；clean up“打扫干净”；put up“张贴”；look up“查找”。由问句“你的房间不干净”可知，答句句意应为“我将去打扫干净”。
答案：__B__【例14】The exam is over and the results will be ________ on Friday afternoon.(2015，泰安)
A．put down B．put off
C．put up D．put away
解析：put down“记下；放下”；put off“推迟”；put up“张贴，举起”；put away“放好，把……收拾起来”。结合语境可知句意为“考试结束了，成绩将在周五下午被张贴”。
答案：__C__【例15】It's important for us to protect nature because we ________ its rich resources to live.(2015，南京)
A．depend on B．leave for
C．give up D．lead to
解析：depend on“依靠”；leave for“(动身)去某地”；give up“放弃”；lead to“导致”。前半句句意“对于我们来说保护大自然很重要”可推知，后半句句意为“因为我们依靠它丰富的资源来生活。”
答案：__A__考点跟踪突破26 动词和动词短语
1．—Do you think our basketball team will win the match?
—Yes，we have better players.So I __C__ them to win.(2015，华县模拟)
A．hope B．help C．expect D．exchange
2．—It will __A__ only about 50 minutes to travel to Mount Wuyi by high-speed railway.
—Wow，how exciting！I can't wait.(2015，横山模拟)
A．take B．spend C．cost D．pay
3．It's well-known that learning English well __A__ time and efforts.(2015，清涧模拟)
A．requires B．wastes C．takes D．improves
4．—Do you know the song Where has the time gone?
—Sure.It __C__ beautiful.I like it a lot.(2015，鄂州)
A．smells B．tastes C．sounds D．looks
5．You have to be a fairly good speaker to __A__ listeners' interest for over an hour.(2015，包头)
A．hold B．make C．improve D．receive
6．In America，you can open your presents immediately.You don't have to __B__！(2015，大连)
A．pay B．wait C．check D．prepare
7．—Mary，stop talking online.__C__ your time.You have much work to do.
—OK，Mom.I'll stop in a minute.(2015，蓝田模拟)
A．Spend B．Waste C．Value D．Use
8．—Which T-shirt would you like?
—The cotton one.It __C__ soft and comfortable.(2015，千阳模拟)
A．smells B．tastes C．feels D．sounds
9．I'll pick you up at the stop sign where 50 meters ahead the two roads __B__．(2015，武汉)
A．fit B．meet C．face D．reach
10．The librarian told me that I could __C__ these magazines for three days.(2015，盐城)
A．borrow B．buy C．keep D．return
11．The money __B__ real.In fact，it's not.(2015，商南模拟)
A．is B．looks C．must be D．are
12．—Must I practice the violin now，Mom?
—No，you __D__．You can go out for a walk.(2015，六盘水)
A．mustn't B．shouldn't C．can't D．needn't
13．—I think we need to sit down and have a talk.
—I __B__ agree more.Let's take the bench over there.(2015，无锡)
A．could B．couldn't C．should D．shouldn't
14．—Do you have any plans for this summer vacation?
—I'm not sure.I __C__ take a trip to Taiwan.(2015，盐城)
A．must B．need C．may D．should
15．—I have a serious headache.__A__ I go to school?
—No，you needn't.(2015，黄石)
A．Must B．Can C．Should D．May
16．—Who will give us the speech on public manners?
—Mr. Brown __D__，but I'm not sure.(2015，常州)
A．can B．need C．must D．might
17．Jack __C__ be in the office now.I saw him on the street just now.(2015，府谷模拟)
A．needn't B．mustn't C．can't D．shouldn't
18．—Whose is that red coat?
—It __C__ be John's.His is yellow.(2015，抚顺)
A．must B．mustn't C．can't D．can
19．—Where is my key？I __B__ find it.
—Don't worry，Mom.It must be somewhere in your room.(2015，子洲模拟)
A．can B．can't C．may D．mustn't
20．Unless you try your best，you __D__ have a chance to succeed.(2015，辽阳)
A．needn't B．couldn't C．mustn't D．can't
21．—Alice，don't put your things here，__C__．
—OK，I will.(2015，铜仁)
A．put away them B．put on them
C．put them away D．put them on
22．Your mother always __C__ in you，right？(2015，南充)
A．take pride B．take proud
C．takes pride D．takes proud
23．Girl：I'm __D__ the trip which we can go whenever we want to go.(2015，大荔模拟)
Boy：You'll take me，and I'll take the money.
A．taking part in B．taking care of
C．looking back at D．looking forward to
24．This food is free.You don't have to __B__ it.(2015，河北)
A．look for B．pay for C．ask for D．wait for
25．—What should we do for the disabled children in the Children's Home?
—You're supposed to __C__ a study group to help them.(2015，黄冈)
A．take up B．fix up
C．set up D．stay up
26．—You say you are short of money.Why not sell your old gold watch for some money？(2015，襄阳)
—Oh，I can't，because it was a gift from my wife.I promised her I would never __D__ it.
A．care about B．look after
C．stick to D．part with
27．—I hope to be a volunteer on weekends.(2015，鄂州)
—You could help to __D__ the city parks.
A．cheer up B．make up C．take up D．clean up
28．We __D__ pay to get into the concert.It's free.(2015，米脂模拟)
A．can't B．mustn't
C．might not D．don't have to
29．The volunteers __B__ many signs to remind people to protect the environment.(2015，云南)
A．put on B．put up
C．put down D．put off
30．Life is a journey with trouble，but with care and wisdom you can __A__ any problem you face.(2015，常州)
A．work out B．hard out
C．find out D．put out
31．—Waiter，I ordered beef noodles，but I can't see any beef in the noodles！(2015，昆明)
—__C__ your glasses and you can see the beef.
A．Put off B．Put up
C．Put on D．Put into
32．It's reported that Ma Yun has __C__ the biggest Internet company in China.(2015，黄陵模拟)
A．fixed up B．cut up
C．set up D．looked up
33．No matter how hard it is，don't __B__．Things will be better in the future.(2015，吴起模拟)
A．give out B．give up
C．give away D．give back
34．—Dear sister，does the TV show Dad comes back __C__ our father？(2015，定边模拟)
—Sure.Dad has been away for about ten years.
A．let you down B．help you out
C．remind you of D．cheer you up
35．You'd better __D__ the test paper before handing in it.(2015，宜宾)
A．go ahead B．go on C．go off D．go over
36．—Tommy，don't make a noise！If you have any questions，please __B__ your hands.
—Sorry，Mr. Smith.I won't do it again.(2015，达州)
A．put on B．put up C．put off D．put out
37．—Do you know our new manager?
—Yes.He __C__ to be a friend of my brother.(2015，苏州)
A．turns up B．turns on
C．turns out D．turns off
38．—MERS (中东呼吸综合症) is a terrible disease.What should we do?
—Don't be nervous.Scientists are trying their best to __A__ ways to treat it.(2015，丹凤模拟)
A．find out B．look forward to
C．talk about D．set up
39．Don't __A__ her invitation.She will be disappointed.(2015，富县模拟)
A．turn down B．pull down
C．take down D．write down
40．—I forgot to bring my dictionary.Could I use yours?
—Yes，you __A__．(2014，安徽)
A．can B．must C．could D．should
41．If you __C__ smoke，please go outside.(2014，杭州)
A．can B．may C．must D．might
42．It __A__ about eight minutes for sunlight (阳光) to travel from the sun to the earth.(2014，临沂)
A．takes B．spends C．costs D．pays
43．—This is quite a new phrase.
—Right.It has already __C__ the language.
A．spoken B．used C．entered D．covered
44．Recycling is good，so don't __D__ bottles or newspapers.(2014，江西)
A．find out B．hand in
C．use up D．throw away
45．—iPhones and iPads are so popular these days.
—Yes，they can __B__ our eyes to the outside world.(2014，乌鲁木齐)
A．turn up B．open up C．call up D．think up
46．—Who reached the station on time?
—I __C__！In fact，I arrived there 5 minutes earlier.
A．was B．reached C．did D．do
47．Choosing the right circle of the friends will __A__ us a lot of troubles，heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret.
A．save B．share C．keep D．bring
48．—Do you like swimming in winter?
—Of course.The water __A__ a bit cold at first，but then I am warm and full of energy.
A．feels B．tastes C．smells D．looks
