课件46张PPT。陕西省英语第30讲 简单句【陕西2011～2015年中考考情分析与复习指南】 由上表分析可知，陕西近五年对简单句的考查频率不是很高。2012年考到了how词组引导的特殊疑问句，2014年考查的是感叹句，2015年考查的是祈使句的否定用法。虽然陕西中考对简单句的考查比较少，但在阅读理解及补全对话中应用较多，所以考生在复习的过程中仍需要重视，在理解的同时能够熟练地掌握并应用，可做适当的延伸与补充。
预计2016年的陕西中考在单项选择题中可能会出现一道与简单句相关的题。但在补全对话中可能会运用到。简单句常作为中考的考点，具体内容包含了祈使句，感叹句，疑问句，倒装句型及语法点主谓一致。
高频考点一 祈使句的基本用法
1．肯定的祈使句
①句型：动词原形＋其他成分。如：
Be careful！ 小心！
②“Do＋祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。
③please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分隔开。如：
Close the door，please.请关门！2．否定的祈使句
①通常句型：Don't＋动词原形＋其他成分。如：
Don't be late for school again！别再迟到了！
②用Never开头：Never＋动词原形＋其他成分。如：
Never leave today's work for tomorrow！不要把今天的工作留到明天！3．Let引导的祈使句
以Let开头的句子也是祈使句，表示陈述和建议。其否定形式有两种：Let...not或Don't...。如：
Let us not be late.让我们不要迟到。
Don't let the boy play football in the street.不要让这个男孩在街上踢足球。【例1】 ________ hard，you'll make progress in English.(2015，商州模拟)
A．Work B．To work
C．Working D．Don't work
解析：祈使句以动词原形开头，可用来表示劝告。句意为“努力学习，你会在英语方面取得进步的。”
答案：__A__【例2】 ________ call me Mimi！It's my cat's name.(2015，韩城模拟)
A．Not B．Didn't
C．Doesn't D．Don't
解析：祈使句的否定形式：在动词原形前加don't。
答案：__D__高频考点二 感叹句
用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导，具体用法如下表：【what，how感叹句巧区分】
1．倒着念感叹句部分，看落脚点词性，如果落脚点是名词，用what，若名词是单数可数名词，在what后加a或an；如果落脚点是形容词或副词，则用how。如：
What a kind boy he is！→He is a kind boy．(落脚点是boy。)
How kind the boy is！→The boy is kind．(落脚点是kind。)
How fast he runs！→He runs fast．(落脚点是fast。)
2．强调的名词前如果有the则用how；没有the则考虑用what。【例3】 Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River.________ great courage he showed！(2015，苏州)
A．What a B．What C．How a D．How
解析：主语he之前部分为great courage，为名词性词组，故应用what引导感叹句；courage(勇气)为不可数名词，故前不能加不定冠词。
答案：__B__【例4】 ________ good father Mr.King is！He always plays games with his daughter after work.(2015，长春)
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
解析：主语Mr. King前的部分good father为名词性词组，故应用what来引导感叹句；father为可数名词，句中为单数形式，故形容词good前应有不定冠词a。
答案：__B__【例5】 Look at the photo of the Smiths.________happy they are！(2016，预测)
A．How B．What a C．What D．How a
解析：主语they前为形容词happy，故应用how来引导感叹句。考查“How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！”结构。
答案：__A__高频考点三 疑问句
1．一般疑问句结构
结构：①be＋主语＋其他；②助动词(或情态动词)＋主语＋谓语(动词原形)＋其他。
回答：Yes，主语＋be/助动词/情态动词；No，主语＋be/助动词/情态动词＋not。(not一般要与前面的词语构成缩略形式。)
注意：?情态动词must提问时，否定回答用needn't或don't have to。如：
—Must I go now？我必须现在就去吗？
—Yes，you must./No，you needn't.是的。/不，不必。?否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。注意yes和no在翻译成中文时与其原意正好相反。如：
—Don't you hear of that？难道你没听说过这件事？(表示惊讶)
—Yes，I do./No，I don't.不，我听说过。/是的，我没有听说过。2．特殊疑问句
由疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句，不能用Yes或No回答，读时用降调。特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词＋一般疑问句”构成。常见疑问代词有：who，whom，what，which，whose等；疑问副词有：when，where，how，why，how old，how many，how often，how soon等。
常见的特殊疑问句有：
①询问时间：
When did it start？它什么时候开始的？
②询问地点：
Where do they come from？他们来自哪里？③询问人或关系：
Who is he？他是谁？
Who called you？谁打电话给你？
Who/Whom are you going with？你打算跟谁一起去？
④询问原因：
Why do you like pandas？你为什么喜欢熊猫？
⑤询问天气：
How is the weather today？今天天气怎么样？
What is the weather like today？今天天气怎么样？
⑥询问频率：
How often do you watch TV？你多久看一次电视？⑦询问颜色：
What color is your schoolbag？你的书包是什么颜色的？
⑧询问年龄：
How old is the boy？这男孩多大了？
⑨询问距离：
How far is it from your home to school?
从你家到学校有多远？
⑩询问数量：
How many apples do we need？我们需要多少苹果？
How much honey do we need？我们需要多少蜂蜜？ ?询问价格：
How much is the T-shirt？这件T恤衫多少钱？3．选择疑问句
提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方作出选择回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，回答时不能用yes或no，要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般是前升后降。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊疑问句两种。
①一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句＋or＋被选择的部分？如：
—Do you like apples or pears？你喜欢苹果还是梨？
—I like pears.我喜欢梨。
②特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句＋A or B？如：
—Which would you like better，tea or coffee？茶或咖啡，你更喜欢哪一种？
—I'd like coffee.我喜欢咖啡。【例6】 —________ you sing an English song?
—Yes，I can.(2016，原创)
A．Can B．May C．Must D．Need
解析：由答语中的can可知，是询问能力，故其相对应的问句也应用can来引导。
答案：__A__【例7】—________ do I need to feed the pet dog?
—Twice a day.(2015，泰安)
A．How long B．How much
C．How soon D．How often
解析：由答语“一天两次”可知询问频率。
答案：__D__【例8】 —________ have you been in the sports club?
—Since the first month I came to the school.(2016，预测)
A．How old B．How long
C．How much D．How soon
解析：考查疑问副词词组的辨析。how old 表示“多大”，用来提问年龄；how long 表示“(延续)多长时间”，用for或since引导的时间状语来回答；how often 表示“多久一次”，指动作的频率；how soon表示“还要多久才……”，一般用于将来时，用“in”引导的时间状语来回答。由答语可知，提问的是一段时间。
答案：__B__【例9】 —Is your friend a boy or a girl?
— ________.(2016，原创)
A．No，she isn't B．A girl
C．The girl D．Yes，she is
解析：选择疑问句不能用Yes或No回答，排除A、D项；根据问句，回答用a girl。
答案：__B__②这两种结构的不同点是：
“so＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”依附于肯定句，表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物)，意为“……也……”。
“neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”依附于否定句，表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物)，意为“……也不……”。如：
Tom watched TV last night，so did Ann.
汤姆昨晚看电视了，安也看了。
Mary didn't watch TV last night，neither did Jim.
玛丽昨晚没有看电视，吉姆也没看。
【注意】若对前面所说的事实加以肯定时，应用so＋主语＋be/助动词/情态动词。此时前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。2．there be 句型
there be 句型表示“存在”，是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句，所以be动词要和最挨近它的名词保持一致。如：
There is a tree in front of the building.楼房前有一棵树。
3．以副词开头的倒装句
在以here，there，out，in，down，away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，要用倒装句。因此，谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如：
There comes the bus.公交车来了。【例10】 —Peter doesn't know many people here.
—________.(2016，渭南模拟)
A．So do I B．So am I
C．Neither am I D．Neither do I
解析：上文是否定句，意为“彼得不认识这里的许多人。”可知下文句意应为“我也不认识。”应由neither引导，结合上文的谓语动词为doesn't know 可知此处应用do。
答案：__D__【例11】 Between the two hills ________ a deep river.
A．are B．have C．has D．is
解析：本句考查倒装句，结合英语提示可知正确语序为“A deep river is between the two hills.”意为“在这两座山之间有一条河。”
答案：__D__【例12】 —________ there any living things on other planets?
—I have no idea.Maybe we can know more about that in the future.(2015，广东)
A．Is B．Are C．Has D．Have
解析：本句为there be句型的一般疑问句，故排除C、D两项；在there be结构中，be的形式要与其后的主语保持一致，things是复数形式，故用are。
答案：__B__高频考点五 主谓一致
1．语法一致原则
语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。
①当and连接两个或多个名词，或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。②不定代词either，neither，anybody，anyone，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，no one，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。
③由each，each...and each...，every...and every...，every...作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一本新书。④主语后有with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，besides，like，except，but等连接单词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：
Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。
⑤“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。⑥“a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)＋名词”和“分数或百分数＋名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。
⑦由“a pair(a kind，a series...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds...)＋of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作15双鞋。⑧某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes，trousers，shorts，pants，shoes，gloves...)作主语时，谓词动词用复数形式。如：
My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。
⑨不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。2．意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
①由and连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。
The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。②表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词及词组作主语时，一般被看做一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：
Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。
③集体名词(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government...)如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。④people，police，cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。
⑤算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：
What is/are three times three？3乘以3是多少？3．就近原则
有时谓语动词的形式与最靠近它的名词保持一致，这种原则叫做就近原则，又叫做邻近原则。
①由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)．..，not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。
Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。
He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。②There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如：
There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。【例13】 —How much ________ the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars ________ enough.(2015，随州)
A．is；is B．is；are C．are；is D．are；are
解析：the pair of shoes的中心词是pair，则谓语动词用单数；把twenty dollars看成整体，则谓语动词也用单数。
答案：__A__【例14】 ________ Lucy ________ Lily like singing.(2015，黔西)
A．Either；or B．Neither；nor
C．Not only；but also D．Both；and
解析：本题考查主谓一致。A、B、C选项都要遵循就近原则；D项谓语应用复数形式。该句中谓语动词like用了复数形式，表明主语应为复数。
答案：__D__【例15】 Doing eye exercises ________ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.(2015，哈尔滨)
A．is B．are C．were
解析：该句主语为“doing eye exercises”，即动名词作主语，根据主谓一致的原则可知谓语动词应用单数形式。
答案：__A__【例16】 In our school library there ________ a number of books and the number of them ________ growing larger and larger.(2015，眉山)
A．is；are B．has；is C．are；is D．have；are
解析：前半句为there be句型，be要与其后的名词单复数保持一致。a number of books意为“大量的书”，是复数，故be要用复数形式。后半句是the number of作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。
答案：__C__【例17】 Everybody except Mike and Linda ________ there when the meeting began.(2015，泰安)
A．is B．are C．was D．were
解析：主语后有except连接单词或短语时，谓语动词的形式由主语的单复数来永定。
答案：__C__考点跟踪突破30 简单句
祈使句
1．Daniel，__A__ play with the mobile phone while you're walking in the street.(2015，盐城)
A．don't B．doesn't C．won't D．can't
2．__A__ kind and helpful to the people around us，and we will make the world a nicer place to live in.(2015，河南)
A．Be B．Being C．To be D．Been
3．Please __C__ your exam papers once again before handing them in.(2015，上海)
A．going over B．went over
C．go over D．to go over
4．—__A__ run in the hallways，Mike.
—Sorry，Ms. Clark.(2015，黄陵模拟)
A．Don't B．Please C．Let's D．Not
5．__A__ play with fire.________ with fire is dangerous.(2014，梅州)
A．Don't；Playing B．Not；Playing
C．Don't；Play D．Not to；To play
6．__A__ carefully，Michael！There's a school ahead.(2014，上海)
A．Drive B．To drive C．Drove D．Driving
7．__A__ wake up your sister，Ben.She needs a good sleep.(2014，重庆)
A．Don't B．Doesn't C．Aren't D．Can't
感叹句
1．—__C__ exciting the movie is!
—Sure，I have seen it three times.(2015，丹东)
A．What B．What an C．How D．How an
2．—Our team has own the first prize in the soccer games.(2015，宜昌)
—Congratulations！__B__ team you are!
A．How great B．What a great
C．What great D．How a great
3．—What programme is so attractive?
—The guard of honor (仪仗队) of the PLA are taking part in the parade on Red Square.
—__B__ exciting event！(2015，连云港)
A．How a B．What an C．How an D．What a
4．—The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized (倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st.
—__B__ bad news！Can we do something to help with the rescue (救援)？(2015，襄阳)
A．What a B．What C．How a D．How
5．__D__ useful robot！It can help with the housework like a human servant.(2015，云南)
A．How B．What an C．How a D．What a
6．—So far，Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.
—__B__ he runs.(2015，广东)
A．How slow B．How fast
C．What a slow D．What a fast
7．Look！__A__ happily the children are playing over there！(2016，原创)
A．How B．What C．What a D．How a
8．__A__ fantastic the dragon boat teams are！(2016，预测)
A．How B．What C．What a D．How a
疑问句
1．—__A__ T-shirt is this?
—I think it's Tom's.(2015，北京)
A．Whose B．Which C．What D．Who
2．—__C__ did you work out the problem in such a short time?
—With Mr. Li's help.(2015，重庆)
A．When B．Where C．How D．Which
3．—__C__ is the World Cup held?
—Every 4 years.(2015，烟台)
A．How soon B．When
C．How often D．How long
4．—__C__ is the restaurant from the post office?
—It's about 5 minutes' ride.(2015，南充)
A．How long B．How often
C．How far D．How many
5．—Excuse me，are there any book stores around here?
—__B__，but there are some on Center Street.(2015，云南)
A．Yes，there are B．No，there aren't
C．Yes，there is D．No，there isn't
6．—__C__ will the breakfast be ready?
—Just a minute.(2015，商州模拟)
A．How much B．How long
C．How soon D．How far
7．—You come to school early every day.__D__ is it from your home to school?
—It's only about one kilometer.(2015，襄阳)
A．How long B．How much
C．How many D．How far
8．—__B__ will it take you to go to school from your home by bus?
—About 10 minutes.(2015，荆门)
A．How soon B．How long
C．How often D．How far
9．—__D__ pocket money do you usually get every month?
—Fifty yuan.What about you？(2015，扬州)
A．How often B．How long
C．How many D．How much
10．—Do you like listening to country music or rock music?
—__D__．It brings me pleasure.(2015，长春)
A．Yes，I do B．No，I don't
C．I like music D．Country music
倒装句
1．—I don't understand the story in the new unit.What about you，Bob?
—__B__．(2015，朝阳模拟)
A．Neither I do B．Neither do I
C．So do I D．So I do
2．—Tom didn't go for a picnic yesterday?
—__C__．(2015，黔西南州)
A．So did I B．So I did
C．Neither did I D．Neither I did
3．—They go to school early in the morning.
—__C__(2015，安顺)
A．So do Tom. B．So Tom do.
C．So does Tom. D．So Tom does.
4．—I haven't been to the science museum for a long time.What about you？(2015，黄冈)
—__B__．Could you go with me this weekend?
A．Me too B．Me neither
C．So have I D．Neither I have
5．—I usually go hiking with my friends.
—__B__ do I．(2015，青海)
A．Nor B．So C．Neither
主谓一致
1．In our school library there __C__ a number of books and the number of them ________ growing larger and larger.(2015，眉山)
A．is；are B．has；is C．are；is D．have；are
2．Doing eye exercises __A__ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.(2015，安塞模拟)
A．is B．are C．were D．was
3．—What would you like to have for supper?
—Either noodles or rice __C__ OK.I don't mind.(2015，安顺)
A．are B．were C．is D．was
4．Neither the headmaster nor the teachers __D__ take a vacation next week.(2015，呼和浩特)
A．were going to B．is going to
C．was going to D．are going to
5．—Do you need more time to complete the task?
—Yes.Another ten days __A__ enough.(2014，白水模拟)
A．is B．was C．are D．were
6．Mary with her parents often __D__ for a walk in the park after supper.(2015，阎良模拟)
A．go B．is going C．are going D．goes
7．There __B__ a charity show at the school hall next week.(2015，宿迁)
A．was B．will be C．has been D．are
8．Look，the set of keys __C__ on the teacher's desk.(2015，蓝田模拟)
A．are B．were C．is D．was
9．The summer holidays are coming，so the twins as well as Jack __B__ to Hong Kong for vacation.(2015，太白模拟)
A．is going B．are going
C．goes D．go
10．Everyone except the twin brothers __D__ in the classroom when the class began.(2015，神木模拟)
A．are B．is C．were D．was
11．His family __B__ a large one，and now the whole family ________ having dinner together.(2016，原创)
A．is；is B．is；are C．are；are D．are；is
12．Not only my sister but also I __B__ angry with him.(2016，原创)
A．be B．am C．is D．are
13．—Both Li Lei and Han Meimei __D__ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.(2016，预测)
—I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A．is B．am C．was D．are
14．Each of the girls here __D__ to the West Lake twice.(2016，预测)
A．have gone B．have been
C．has gone D．has been
15．As the saying goes，no news __A__ good news.(2016，预测)
A．is B．are C．has D．have
