课件39张PPT。陕西省英语第31讲 复合句【陕西2011～2015年中考考情分析与复习指南】 由上表分析可知，陕西近五年对复合句的考查是每年必考的内容，而且五年来都考到了宾语从句，设题点主要是引导词的选择、语序及时态，足以可见宾语从句是重点也是难点，所以在复习时对宾语从句应予以重视。虽然状语从句与定语从句在中考题中设题较少，但是也经常出现在阅读理解中或任务型阅读中，作为语法中较为重要的知识点，在复习的时候仍需关注。
预计2016年陕西中考仍会继续考查宾语从句，考点仍在宾语从句的语序、引导词和时态方面。陕西中考对复合句的考查主要有宾语从句、状语从句及定语从句。定语从句中主要掌握由that，which和who引导的定语从句。
高频考点一 宾语从句
1．宾语从句的引导词
①宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中that可以省略。如：
We believe(that)he is honest.我们相信他是诚实的。②如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I don't know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否将来这儿。
Sorry，I don‘t know whether he will come or not.对不起，我不知道他是否会来。
③宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如：
Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老师问学生他们正在做什么。2．宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况：
①主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或主句是祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如：
He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
②主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如：
She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。③从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如：
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。3．宾语从句的语序
①在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如：
I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
注意：?有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序，则不需变动语序。如：
I don't know what happened to him.我不知道在他身上发生了什么。?do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如：
Who do you think he is talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？②由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如：
“Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him.
→The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。③如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如：
“Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me.
→She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。
注意：宾语从句的否定前移
?在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句为I或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如：
I don't suppose he will come.我猜他不会来。?如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。如：
She thinks she can't arrive there on time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。【例1】—I'm waiting for the mail.Do you know ________ it will arrive?
—Usually it comes by 4：00 p．m.(2015，青岛)
A．how B．where C．when D．what
解析：how意为“怎样”；where意为“在哪里”；when意为“什么时候”；what意为“什么”。从句子结构看，空格所在句是含宾语从句的复合句，此处缺少引导词，由答句句意“通常在下午4点之前来。”可推知，问句句意为“你知道它什么时候到吗？”。
答案：__C__【例2】 —Do you know ________ Dengchao is?
—He is an actor.He is the team leader in the popular reality TV show Running Man now.(2015，连云港)
A．which B．when C．what D．how
解析：which“哪一个，哪一些”，询问人或物；when“什么时候”，询问时间；what“什么”，询问事物或职业；how“怎样；怎么”，询问方式或感受等。由答语He is an actor.可知问句询问的是职业。
答案：__C__【例3】 —Could you tell me ________ the Space Museum?
—Sure，next Monday.(2015，延长模拟)
A．when we visited B．when did we visit
C．when we will visit D．when will we visit
解析：由答语next Monday(下周一)可知，宾语从句应用一般将来时态，故排除A、B两项；宾语从句应用陈述句语序。
答案：__C__【例4】 —Can you tell me ________ the prize，Tom?
—Last year.
A．when you got B．when did you get
C．when will you get D．when you will get
解析：宾语从句的语序须是陈述句语序，排除B、C项；由答句last year可知从句的时态为一般过去时。
答案：__A__【例5】 —Can you tell me ________ this morning?
—Sorry，I've no idea.(2016，预测)
A．why didn't Daming come to school
B．why Daming didn't come to school
C．why doesn't Daming come to school
D．why Daming doesn't come to school
解析：由this morning可知事情发生在过去，故排除C、D两项；宾语从句应用陈述句语序。
答案：__B__高频考点二 状语从句
初中阶段常见状语从句用法见下表：注意：?在条件和时间状语从句中应用一般现在时态表示将来。
?though与but；because与so不能同时用在同一个句子中。
?while引导时间状语从句时，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
?too…to与so…that与enough to do sth.之间可互换。
?if条件状语从句可与“祈使句＋and/or”互换。如：
If we don't hurry，we'll miss the train.如果我们不快点的话，我们将错过火车。
＝Hurry up，or we'll miss the train.快点，否则我们将错过火车。【例6】I'll give it to Jim as soon as I ________ him tomorrow.(2015，崇左)
A．saw B．will see C．see D．have seen
解析：as soon as表示“一……就……”，其主句用将来时态，从句要用一般现在时态。
答案：__C__【例7】—Mary，could you tell me if your mother ________ our school sports meeting tomorrow？(2015，滨州)
—I think she will come to school if she ________ free.
A．will take part in；will be B．takes part in；is
C．will take part in；is D．takes part in；will be
解析：考查if引导的宾语从句及条件状语从句的用法。问句是由if引导的宾语从句，时间状语为 tomorrow，故用一般将来时；答语是由if引导的条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。
答案：__C__【例8】—You study ________ hard ________ you're sure to pass the exam.(2015，福州)
—Thank you for saying so.
A．enough；to B．as；as C．so；that
解析：考查so...that的用法。enough...to“足够做……”；as...as...“和……一样”；so...that...“如此……以至于……”。句意为“你学习如此努力，肯定能通过考试。”“谢谢你这么说。”
答案：__C__【例9】Mr.Green speaks very loudly ________ all the people can hear him clearly.(2015，绥化)
A．when B．so that C．because
解析：when“当……的时候”；so that“为了，目的是”；because“因为”。由语境可知句意为“格林先生讲得很大声是为了让所有的人都能清楚地听见。”
答案：__B__高频考点三 定语从句
1．定语从句的关系词
定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。
①who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是想见你的那个人吗？
He is the man(who/whom/that)I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那个人。②which，that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
The coat(that/which)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。
③whose用来指人或物。(只用作定语)如：
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。 ④关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作状语。如：
I'll never forget the days when we studied together.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。
This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.这是我爸十年前工作的城市。
Do you know the reason why he was late for school?
你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？2．关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
①当先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最激烈的一场足球赛。
②当先行词前有一个序数词修饰时。如：
The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是关灯。③当先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如：
All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课堂上说英语。
I'm going to buy everything that I need.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。
④当先行词前面有only，all，any，no等词修饰时。如：
That's all that I want to say.这就是我想说的全部。⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。3．关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况
①当先行词为all，any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如：
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。
②当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如：
Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。③当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如：
The guest (who/whom) I'll first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。
I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.我遇见几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。【例10】 —Which song do you like better，Lucy?
—I prefer the song Little Apple ________ can attract many people.(2015，黄冈)
A．which B．who C．whom D．where
解析：分析答语可知，此句为含有定语从句的主从复合句，空格处在定语从句中作主语，且指代前面表示物的名词song，故用关系代词which/that。句意为“露西，你更喜欢哪首歌？”“我更喜欢《小苹果》这首歌，它能吸引许多人。”
答案：__A__【例11】 Everyone ________ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.(2015，德州)
A．why B．whose C．who D．which
解析：从句子结构看，题干是含有定语从句的复合句。why作引导词，其先行词一般为reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语；whose引导定语从句，通常在从句中作定语，故排除A、B两项；先行词表示人，用引导词who，先行词表示物，用引导词that或which；该句中的先行词是everyone指人。
答案：__C__【例12】 The Palace Museum is the best place ________ I've ever visited.(2015，户县模拟)
A．that B．which C．where D．what
解析：在先行词place前有形容词最高级best修饰，关系词只能用that。
答案：__A__
【例13】 Look at the boy and his dog ________ are coming this way.(2015，岐山模拟)
A．who B．which C．that D．whom
解析：先行词既指人又指物时，关系代词用that。
答案：__C__【例14】 Success will belong to those ________ never say “impossible”．(2016，预测)
A．whom B．what
C．who D．which
解析：先行词是those，故关系代词用who。
答案：__C__考点跟踪突破31 复合句
宾语从句
1．We don't know when __C__ next week.Please call me when he arrives.(2015，南充)
A．will he arrive B．does he arrive
C．he will arrive D．he arrives
2．The police wondered __B__．(2015，临沂)
A．whose handbag it is B．whose handbag it was
C．whose handbag is it D．whose handbag was it
3．—I'd like to know __B__．
—Maybe in the forest.(2015，重庆)
A．whether we will go camping
B．where we will go camping
C．whether will we go camping
D．where will we go camping
4．In the UK，a lady usually doesn't like to be asked __D__．(2015，大荔模拟)
A．whether has she got married
B．how old is she
C．where she comes from
D．how much she weighs
5．—Ms. Perry，can you tell me __D__？
—Africa.(2015，温州)
A．what the baby giraffe likes eating
B．why the baby giraffe looks unhappy
C．when the baby giraffe was born
D．where the baby giraffe came from
6．—Could you tell me __A__？
—By bus.(2015，朝阳模拟)
A．how we will go to the Jiuli Lake
B．how will we go to the Jiuli Lake
C．why we will go to the Jiuli Lake
D．why will we go to the Jiuli Lake
7．—Show me the map，please.I wonder __B__．
—Look，it's here，in the east of China，near Taiwan Province.(2015，梅州)
A．where is Diaoyu Island
B．where Diaoyu Island is
C．what is Diaoyu Island like
D．when Diaoyu Island is
8．—Excuse me，could you tell me __A__ buy some fruits？(2015，宁夏)
—Sure.There's a supermarket down the street.
A．where I can B．where can I
C．what I can D．what can I
9．—Can you tell me __A__ to London?
—Sure.Next month.(2015，北京)
A．when you will travel B．when will you travel
C．when you travelled D．when did you travel
10．—David asked __D__ in China.
—Of course not.Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting.(2015，广东)
A．why he can greet a lady by kissing her
B．why he could greet a lady by kissing her
C．whether he can greet a lady by kissing her
D．whether he could greet a lady by kissing her
11．—I wonder __C__ at 6：00 yesterday afternoon.
—I was doing my homework in the reading room.(2015，云南)
A．what were you doing B．what did you do
C．what you were doing D．what you are doing
12．—Mum，I don't know if Honghong __C__ to my party tomorrow.(2015，宁陕)
—I think she will come if she ________ free.
A．comes；is B．comes；will be
C．will come；is D．will come；will be
13．—Mum，__A__ shall we have lunch?
—We will have it when your dad ________.(2015，安顺)
A．when；returns B．where；will return
C．where；returns D．when；will return
14．—Can you tell me __B__？(2015，孝感)
—His home is quite far from the office，I think.
A．where he works B．why he bought the car
C．when he got up D．how he likes his job
15．I don't know __A__．(2015，岐山模拟)
A．where she comes from
B．how old is she
C．when was she born
D．why did she cry
16．Do you think __D__ a meeting tomorrow afternoon？(2015，商州模拟)
A．is there B．there is
C．there was D．there is going to be
17．—Excuse me，madam.Could you please tell me __B__ the bus arrives？(2015，资阳)
—Sure.At 9：00.
A．where B．when C．why D．how
18．—Could you tell me __A__？
—My cousin.He works as a policeman in the police station.(2015，贵港)
A．who the man in white is
B．who is the man in white
C．what the man in white is
D．what is the man in white
状语从句
1．If it __D__，we will go hiking at Cool City Park.(2015，六盘水)
A．not rain B．don't rain
C．won't rain D．doesn't rain
2．—You won't pass the exam __C__ you don't work hard.
—OK，I'll do my best.(2015，高陵模拟)
A．and B．but C．if D．so
3．My father was drinking tea in the living room __B__ my mother was doing the dishes in the kitchen.(2015，山阳模拟)
A．if B．while C．until D．unless
4．We didn't enjoy the day __A__ the weather was so bad.(2015，杭州)
A．because B．though C．unless D．till
5．—Mike，what were your parents doing at 8：00 last night?
—My mother was reading __A__ my father was playing computer games.(2015，黄冈)
A．while B．when C．unless D．as long as
6．—What's the secret of success，Dad?
—More time and effort，__D__ you'll make it some day.(2015，鄂州)
A．or B．then C．but D．and
7．__C__ Mike didn't win the race，he was still wearing a smile on his face.(2015，上海)
A．If B．Since C．Although D．Because
8．—What do you think of your Junior Middle School life？(2015，安徽)
—I think it is colorful，__B__ I am always busy.
A．if B．though C．while D．until
9．Father was __B__ busy in working ________ he often forgot rest or meals.(2015，榆林模拟)
A．very；that B．so；that
C．such；as D．enough；as
10．—Do you know when Jay __D__ tomorrow?
—Sorry，I don't know.But when he ________ here tomorrow，I'll tell you at once.(2015，眉山)
A．gets；gets B．gets；will get
C．will get；will get D．will get；gets
11．—Dad，when did you come back from the farmland yesterday?
—Well，I didn't come back __B__ the rain stopped.(2015，朝阳模拟)
A．while B．until C．because D．although
12．You'll do much better in your exam __A__ you're more careful with your spelling.(2015，紫阳模拟)
A．if B．although C．unless D．whether
13．Learning to write is learning to think.You will know things more clearly __C__ you write them down.(2015，子长模拟)
A．or B．unless C．if D．whether
14．—Excuse me，may I come in?
—Not yet.Please wait on your chair __B__ your name is called.(2015，呼和浩特)
A．and B．until C．after D．since
15．Phone me __C__ you get to Wuzhong.(2015，宁夏)
A．since B．so that
C．as soon as D．while
16．—John didn't stop looking for a job __A__ he got an offer from a German company.
—Lucky him.It's not easy for university graduates to get a good job now.(2015，宜昌)
A．until B．since C．as D．if
17．—I'm afraid that I can't do it well.
—You should believe in yourself.You won't know what you can do __A__ you try it.(2015，荆门)
A．until B．if C．while D．although
18．I was very excited __B__ I heard the news that the high-speed rail would be built from Guangzhou to Xiamen.(2015，梅州)
A．after B．when C．until D．while
19．Next month we're going to somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday __C__．(2015，潍坊)
A．will begin B．has begun
C．begins D．is beginning
20．My parents are always worried about what will happen if I __D__．(2015，青岛)
A．succeeded B．won't succeed
C．will fail D．fail
21．—Sir，Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office.(2015，广东)
—Only when she __A__ copying this report.
A．finishes B．finish C．finished D．will finish
定语从句
1．—Lily，what kind of museums do you like?
—I like museums __B__ can provide visitors with free WiFi.(2015，宝鸡模拟)
A．what B．that C．who D．whose
2．Sitting down after a walk is relaxing，but do you dare to sit on a seat __D__ tells you your weight？(2015，临沂)
A．whom B．/ C．who D．that
3．Confucius was a famous philosopher (哲学家) __D__ has influenced the world greatly.(2015，黄石)
A．whose B．whom C．which D．who
4．Studying in groups is a popular way __A__ can develop students' ability.(2015，长春)
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
5．—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.
—Yes.It seems to be the best way of communication __A__ people like.(2015，千阳模拟)
A．that B．which C．who D．what
6．Doraemon is a lovely robot cat __A__ plays an important role in the 3-D film Stand By Me Doraemon.(2015，宜川模拟)
A．who B．whose C．whom D．what
7．I hate people __A__ laugh at others，when they are in trouble.(2015，汕尾)
A．who B．whom C．which D．they
8．The stories __A__ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.(2015，广州)
A．that B．those C．who D．what
9．Is there anything __C__ to you？(2015，岚皋模拟)
A．that is belong B．that belong
C．that belongs D．which belongs
10．Sandy likes the actors __A__ are popular among teenagers.(2015，商州模拟)
A．who B．which C．whom D．what
11．Language learning isn't hard itself.The attitude __C__ you have decides if you can learn it well at last.(2015，横山模拟)
A．what B．who C．which D．it
12．I think the first lesson __A__ we are learning is very easy.(2015，安顺)
A．that B．where C．who D．when
13．—Do you know the man __C__ T-shirt is blue?
—Yes，I do.He is my Chinese teacher，Mr.Smith.(2015，黔西南州)
A．who B．what C．whose D．which
14．—What do you think of lemon?
—Terrible.I like fruit __C__ tastes sweet.(2015，鄂州)
A．who B．what C．which D．when
15．The first thing __C__ I'm going to do is to send an e-mail to Peter.(2015，锦州)
A．which B．who C．that D．why
16．The red skirt __A__ my mother bought for me is made of cotton.(2015，孝感)
A．that B．when C．who D．whose
17．—Why don't you like fishing?
—Fishing is a hobby __B__ needs much patience，but I'm not patient at all.(2015，河南)
A．who B．that C．it D．what
18．A friend is someone __A__ says，“What！You too？I thought I was the only one！”(2015，白银)
A．who B．which C．what D．whose
19．Have you ever heard of the news __C__ is about the Strawberry Concert？(2015，南宁)
A．who B．what C．which D．whom
20．—Do you like listening to Zhang Jie's songs __C__ are very loud and full of energy.
—Of course！I'm his fan.(2015，营口)
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
21．The Avengers Ⅱ (《复仇者联盟Ⅱ》) is the second movie __D__ I've seen recently.(2015，盘锦)
A．when B．who C．what D．that
22．The Mulan River __B__ runs through the city is our mother river.(2015，渭南模拟)
A．who B．which C．whom D．whose
23．I don't know the girl __C__ is standing at the gate.(2015，内江)
A．不填 B．which C．that D．whom
24．The photo __D__ taken by my brother last week is very nice.(2015，呼和浩特)
A．which were B．that is
C．that were D．which was
25．A true friend is a person __A__ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.(2016，预测)
A．who B．what C．which D．whom
