八、连词-精讲精练【思维导图突破初中英语语法】（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
八、连词
**初中语法中连词的用法**
连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子。
**一、并列连词**
1. 表示并列关系：and（和，并且），both...and...（两者都），not only...but also...（不但......而且......），as well as（也，又）
- 例如：I like apples and bananas.
- Both Tom and Mary are students.
2. 表示选择关系：or（或者，否则），either...or...（要么......要么......）
- 例如：You can take the book or leave it.
- Either you or I am wrong.
3. 表示转折关系：but（但是），yet（然而）
- 例如：He is poor, but he is happy.
- She said she would come, yet she didn't.
4. 表示因果关系：for（因为），so（所以）
- 例如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
- He was ill, so he didn't go to school.
**二、从属连词**
用于引导从句。
1. 引导宾语从句：that（无词义），if/whether（是否）
- 例如：I think that he is right.
- I don't know if he will come.
2. 引导定语从句：that，which，who，whom，whose
- 例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. （that 在从句中作宾语）
- This is the house which was built last year. （which 在从句中作主语）
3. 引导状语从句：
- 时间状语从句：when（当......时候），while（在......期间），as（当......时候），before（在......之前），after（在......之后），since（自从），until（直到......为止）
- 例如：When I came in, he was reading.
- 条件状语从句：if（如果），unless（除非，如果不）
- 例如：If it rains tomorrow, we won't go for a picnic.
- 原因状语从句：because（因为），since（既然），as（由于）
- 例如：Because he was ill, he didn't go to school.
- 目的状语从句：so that（以便，为了），in order that（为了）
- 例如：He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.
- 结果状语从句：so...that...（如此......以至于......），such...that...（如此......以至于......）
- 例如：He is so tired that he can't walk any more.
**三、温馨提醒**
在使用连词时需要注意以下几点：
并列连词的逻辑关系：确保所使用的并列连词准确反映句子成分之间的逻辑关系，如“and”表示并列或顺承，“but”表示转折等。
从属连词的时态呼应：在宾语从句、状语从句等中，要注意主从句时态的呼应。例如，在宾语从句中，如果主句是一般过去时，从句通常也要用相应的过去时态；在条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
避免重复使用连词：一个句子中不应过度使用或重复使用相同的连词，以免造成句子结构混乱。
特定句型中的连词用法：例如，“not only...but also...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”；“so...that...”和“such...that...”在使用时要注意 so 和 such 的区别，so 修饰形容词或副词，such 修饰名词。
结合语境选择连词：根据具体的语境和表达意图，选择最合适的连词，以准确传达句子的含义。
**练习与巩固**
牛刀小试-单项选择题
You can have some tea ______ coffee.
A. and B. or C. but
John likes football ______ his sister likes basketball.
A. but B. and C. or
I'm not tall ______ strong.
A. or B. and C. but
Both Tom ______ Jerry are good students.
A. and B. or C. but
"Which do you like better, apples ______ bananas " "Apples."
A. and B. or C. but
I was reading a book ______ she was playing the piano.
A. while B. when C. as
He didn't go to school yesterday ______ he was ill.
A. because B. so C. but
The man ______ I spoke to is from Canada.
A. which B. whom C. whose
This is the book ______ I bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. whose
She is such a lovely girl ______ everyone likes her.
A. that B. which C. as
答案：
B （选择关系，用“or”，“或者”）
A （前后句子意思转折，用“but”，“但是”）
A （否定句中连接两个并列成分用“or”）
A （“Both...and...”，“......和......都”）
B （选择疑问句用“or”）
A （“while”强调两个动作同时进行）
A （“didn't go to school”和“was ill”是因果关系，“because”表原因）
B （先行词“the man”在从句中作宾语，且指人，用“whom”）
A （先行词“the book”在从句中作宾语，用“which”）
A （“such...that...”表示“如此......以至于......”）
巩固加强-结合语句意思，在空格处填入一个合适的单词
I like apples ______ bananas.
He is poor, ______ he is happy.
You can come on Monday ______ Tuesday.
______ you study hard, you will pass the exam.
I was doing my homework ______ my father was reading a newspaper.
He didn't go to school ______ he was ill.
The girl ______ I met yesterday is very nice.
This is the book ______ I bought last week.
I'll call you ______ I arrive in Beijing.
She is such a lovely girl ______ everyone likes her.
答案
and
but
or
If
while
because
whom / that
that / which
when
that
解析
“apples”和“bananas”是并列关系，用“and”连接。
“poor”和“happy”是转折关系，用“but”连接。
“Monday”和“Tuesday”是选择关系，用“or”连接。
此句是条件状语从句，“If”表示“如果”。
“was doing my homework”和“was reading a newspaper”两个动作同时进行，用“while”。
“didn't go to school”是结果，“he was ill”是原因，用“because”引导原因状语从句。
先行词“the girl”在从句中作宾语，可用“whom”或“that”。
先行词“the book”在从句中作宾语，可用“that”或“which”。
“I arrive in Beijing”是一个时间点，用“when”表示“当......时候”。
“such...that...”表示“如此......以至于......”，引导结果状语从句。
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