中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
九、动词
(2)动词语态
以下是初中语法中这 8 种时态对应的被动语态的简单介绍:
时态 被动语态构成 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 The bike is repaired by him.
一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The house was built last year.
一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 或 be going to be + 过去分词 The meeting will be held tomorrow.
现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 The flowers are being watered by her.
过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 The room was being cleaned at this time yesterday.
过去将来时 would be + 过去分词 或 was/were going to be + 过去分词 He said the tree would be planted the next day.
现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 The work has been finished.
过去完成时 had been + 过去分词 The task had been completed before they arrived.
**1. 一般现在时的被动语态**
- 构成:am/is/are + 过去分词
- 用法:表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态的被动情况。例如:The classroom is cleaned every day.(教室每天都被打扫。)
**2. 一般过去时的被动语态**
- 构成:was/were + 过去分词
- 用法:表示过去发生的动作的被动情况。例如:The window was broken by him yesterday.(窗户昨天被他打破了。)
**3. 一般将来时的被动语态**
- 构成:will be + 过去分词 或 be going to be + 过去分词
- 用法:表示将来要发生的动作的被动情况。例如:The sports meeting will be held next week.(运动会将在下周举行。)
**4. 现在进行时的被动语态**
- 构成:am/is/are + being + 过去分词
- 用法:表示此时此刻正在进行的动作的被动情况。例如:The problem is being discussed now.(这个问题正在被讨论。)
**5. 过去进行时的被动语态**
- 构成:was/were + being + 过去分词
- 用法:表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作的被动情况。例如:The house was being built at that time.(那时候房子正在被建造。)
**6. 过去将来时的被动语态**
- 构成:would be + 过去分词 或 was/were going to be + 过去分词
- 用法:表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作的被动情况。例如:He said the work would be finished the next day.(他说工作将于第二天完成。)
**7. 现在完成时的被动语态**
- 构成:have/has been + 过去分词
- 用法:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果的被动情况。例如:The book has been read many times.(这本书已经被读了很多次。)
**8. 过去完成时的被动语态**
- 构成:had been + 过去分词
- 用法:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作的被动情况。例如:The work had been done before he came.(工作在他来之前已经完成了。)
**温馨提醒**
以下是使用这 8 种时态的被动语态时需要注意的一些地方:
**一般现在时的被动语态**:
1. 注意 be 动词的正确形式(am/is/are)要根据主语的人称和单复数来确定。
2. 若主语是不可数名词,通常视为单数,用 is + 过去分词。
**一般过去时的被动语态**:
1. 注意 was 用于主语是第一人称单数和第三人称单数,were 用于主语是第二人称和复数。
2. 动词的过去分词要正确拼写。
**一般将来时的被动语态**:
1. “will be + 过去分词”更侧重于说话人的主观意愿和想法;“be going to be + 过去分词”更强调计划和安排。
2. 要注意在否定句和疑问句中,will 和 be 的位置变化。
**现在进行时的被动语态**:
1. 要突出动作正在进行且是被动的,强调“此时此刻”。
2. 注意现在分词 being 的使用,不能遗漏。
**过去进行时的被动语态**:
1. 时间状语通常是明确的过去某一时刻或时间段。
2. 理解动作在过去某一阶段正在被进行。
**过去将来时的被动语态**:
1. 要从过去的角度来考虑将来的被动动作。
2. 注意在宾语从句等复合句中的使用。
**现在完成时的被动语态**:
1. 注意与一段时间状语连用,如 for + 时间段、since + 时间点。
2. 区分现在完成时被动语态和一般过去时被动语态的意义和用法。
**过去完成时的被动语态**:
1. 一定要有一个过去的动作或时间作为参照,来体现“过去的过去”。
2. 常与 by + 过去时间点等短语连用。
**练习与巩固**
牛刀小试-单项选择题
1. The room ______ every day.
A. cleans B. is cleaned
C. was cleaned D. has cleaned
2. A new library ______ in our school last year.
A. built B. was built C. is built D. has been built
3. The flowers ______ often.
A. must be watered B. must water
C. must watered D. must be watering
4. English ______ in many countries.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is spoken D. spoke
5. The sports meeting ______ next month.
A. will hold B. is going to hold
C. will be held D. are going to be held
6. The problem ______ at the meeting yesterday.
A. was discussed B. is discussed
C. has discussed D. will be discussed
7. This kind of shirt ______ very well.
A. sells B. is sold C. sell D. are sold
8. The bridge ______ in two years.
A. will be built B. is built
C. has been built D. was built
9. The work ______ yet.
A. isn't finished B. hasn't finished
C. won't be finished D. wasn't finished
10. Many trees ______ on the hills last year.
A. planted B. were planted C. are planted D. plant
答案
答案:B
解析:“every day”是一般现在时的时间标志,房间是被打扫的,所以用一般现在时的被动语态“is cleaned”。
答案:B
解析:“last year”是一般过去时的时间标志,图书馆是被建造的,所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was built”。
答案:A
解析:花是被浇水,“must”是情态动词,其后接动词原形,被动语态结构为“must be + 过去分词”,所以是“must be watered”。
答案:C
解析:英语是被说,“in many countries”表示陈述客观事实,用一般现在时的被动语态,“English”是不可数名词,所以用“is spoken”。
答案:C
解析:“next month”是一般将来时的时间标志,运动会是被举办,用一般将来时的被动语态“will be held”。
答案:A
解析:“yesterday”是一般过去时的时间标志,问题是被讨论的,用一般过去时的被动语态“was discussed”。
答案:A
解析:这种衬衫卖得好,“sell”这个词用主动形式表示被动意义,类似的词还有“write”“wash”等。
答案:A
解析:“in two years”是一般将来时的时间标志,桥是被建造,用一般将来时的被动语态“will be built”。
答案:A
解析:“yet”是现在完成时的标志,工作是被完成,且是否定形式,所以是“isn't finished”。
答案:B
解析:“last year”是一般过去时的时间标志,树是被种植,用一般过去时的被动语态“were planted”。
巩固加强-结合语句意思,用所给词的正确形式填空
1. The letter __________ (write) by him yesterday.
2. This book __________ (publish) last year.
3. The trees __________ (plant) by them last week.
4. The room __________ (clean) every day.
5. A new school __________ (build) here next year.
6. English __________ (speak) all over the world.
7. The work __________ (finish) yet.
8. The windows __________ (break) by the boy just now.
9. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.
10. The problem __________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow.
答案:
1. was written
2. was published
3. were planted
4. is cleaned
5. will be built
6. is spoken
7. hasn't been finished
8. were broken
9. sells
10. will be discussed
解析:
1. “yesterday”是一般过去时的时间标志,信是被写的,所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was written”。
2. “last year”表明是一般过去时,书是被出版,用被动语态“was published”。
3. “last week”是一般过去时,树是被种植,主语是复数,用“were planted”。
4. “every day”是一般现在时,房间是被打扫,用一般现在时的被动语态“is cleaned”。
5. “next year”是一般将来时,学校是被建造,用一般将来时的被动语态“will be built”。
6. 英语是被全世界说,是一般现在时的被动语态“is spoken”。
7. “yet”是现在完成时的标志,工作是被完成,是否定形式,所以是“hasn't been finished”。
8. “just now”是一般过去时,窗户是被打破,主语是复数,用“were broken”。
9. 这种鞋卖得好,“sell”用主动形式表示被动意义。
10. “tomorrow”是一般将来时,问题是被讨论,用一般将来时的被动语态“will be discussed”。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)