十、定语从句-精讲精练【思维导图突破初中英语语法】（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
十、定语从句
**初中语法中定语从句的用法**
**一、基本用法**
定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（which，that，who，whom，whose）和关系副词（when，where，why）。
关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 例句
which 物 主语、宾语 The book which I bought is interesting. （宾语）
The house which is near the river is mine. （主语）
that 人或物 主语、宾语 The man that is talking is my teacher. （主语）
The dress that she bought is beautiful. （宾语）
who 人 主语 The girl who is singing is my sister.
whom 人 宾语 The man whom you met yesterday is my friend.
whose 人或物 定语 The boy whose father is a doctor is my classmate.
The room whose door is blue is very clean.
when 时间 时间状语 I still remember the day when I met her.
where 地点 地点状语 This is the place where we had a party.
why 原因（先行词通常是 reason） 原因状语 The reason why he was late is that he got up late.
**二、关系词的选择**
**先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语时**：
- 可用 which ：The book which is on the desk is mine. （作主语）
- 可用 that （先行词被形容词最高级修饰）：This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
- 可用 that （先行词被 the only 修饰）：The only thing that I want is a bike.
- 可用 that （先行词被 the very 修饰）：This is the very pen that I am looking for.
- 可用 that （先行词是不定代词 all ）：All that we need is time.
**先行词是人，在从句中作主语**：
- 用 who ：The man who is standing there is my father.
**先行词是人，在从句中作宾语**：
- 用 whom ：The girl whom you met yesterday is my sister.
- 用 who ：The man who you talked to just now is my teacher.
**先行词在从句中表示所属关系**：
- 用 whose ：The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.
**先行词是时间，在从句中作时间状语**：
- 用 when ：I'll never forget the day when I met you.
**先行词是地点，在从句中作地点状语**：
- 用 where ：This is the place where we had a picnic last week.
**先行词是 reason ，在从句中作原因状语**：
- 用 why ：The reason why he was late was that he got up late.
**三、用“that”而不用“which”的情况**
1. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：
- This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
2. 先行词被序数词修饰时：
- The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
3. 先行词被 the only，the very，the same 等修饰时：
- This is the very book that I want to read.
- He is the only person that can help you.
4. 先行词是不定代词 all，anything，nothing，few，little，much 等时：
- All that we have to do is to practice more.
- There is nothing that I can do for you.
5. 先行词既有人又有物时：
- They talked about the persons and things that they remembered.
6. 先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时：
- China is not the country that it was.
**四、温馨提醒**
在使用定语从句时需要注意以下几点：
1. 关系词的位置
- 关系词通常紧跟在先行词之后。例如：The man who is standing there is my father. （先行词“man”后紧跟关系词“who”）
2. 从句的语序
- 定语从句要用陈述句语序。例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. （从句“I bought yesterday”是陈述句语序）
3. 避免关系词的重复
- 不能在同一个句子中重复使用同一个关系词。例如：The book which I bought it yesterday is very interesting. （句中“it”多余，应去掉）
4. 注意“that”与“which”在非限制性定语从句中的使用
- “that”一般不能用于引导非限制性定语从句，而“which”可以。例如：He has a sister, which is a doctor. （此处不能用“that”）
5. 区分“as”和“which”引导的定语从句
- “as”引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中或句末，常译为“正如......”；“which”引导的定语从句一般位于句中或句末。例如：As is known to all, the earth is round. （位于句首，用“as”）
6. 注意“介词 + 关系代词”的结构
- 当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以用“介词 + 关系代词”的结构。例如：The house in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. （“in which”相当于“where”）
7. 先行词为“the way”时
- 其后的定语从句可以用“that / in which / 不填”来引导。例如：The way (that / in which) he speaks is very strange.
**五、练习与巩固**
牛刀小试-单项选择题
1. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
2. The man ______ is talking to our teacher is my father.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
3. I still remember the days ______ we spent together.
A. when B. that C. where D. what
4. The house ______ roof was damaged has now been repaired.
A. which B. whose C. that D. of which
5. This is the factory ______ we visited last week.
A. that B. where C. in which D. what
6. The man ______ you met just now is my friend.
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
7. The reason ______ he was late was that he got up late.
A. why B. which C. that D. when
8. She has a brother ______ is a doctor.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
9. The book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. where B. whose C. which D. when
10. This is the place ______ I was born.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
答案
1. 答案：A
解析：先行词是“film”，且被最高级“the best”修饰，此时关系词只能用“that”，不能用“which”。
2. 答案：A
解析：先行词是“the man”，指人，且在从句中作主语，关系词用“who”。
3. 答案：B
解析：先行词是“the days”，在从句中作“spent”的宾语，关系词用“that”或“which”，A 选项“when”在从句中作时间状语，不符合，所以选 B。
4. 答案：B
解析：先行词是“the house”，“roof”与“house”存在所属关系，即“房子的屋顶”，关系词用“whose”。
5. 答案：A
解析：先行词是“the factory”，在从句中作“visited”的宾语，关系词用“that”或“which”，B 选项“where”在从句中作地点状语，C 选项“in which”相当于“where”，均不符合，所以选 A。
6. 答案：A
解析：先行词是“the man”，指人，且在从句中作“met”的宾语，关系词用“who”或“whom”，但“who”在从句中作宾语时可以代替“whom”，所以选 A。
7. 答案：A
解析：先行词是“the reason”，在从句中作原因状语，关系词用“why”。
8. 答案：A
解析：先行词是“a brother”，指人，且在从句中作主语，关系词用“who”。
9. 答案：C
解析：先行词是“the book”，在从句中作“bought”的宾语，关系词用“that”或“which”。
10. 答案：B
解析：先行词是“the place”，在从句中作地点状语，关系词用“where”。
巩固加强-结合语句意思，在空格处填入一个合适的单词
1. The man __________ is wearing a blue shirt is my uncle.
2. This is the book __________ I bought yesterday.
3. The woman __________ you saw just now is my teacher.
4. I'll never forget the day __________ I met you.
5. The house __________ roof is red is very beautiful.
6. This is the school __________ I studied three years ago.
7. The girl __________ is singing is my sister.
8. Do you know the reason __________ he was late
9. The man __________ car was stolen called the police.
10. She has a friend __________ father is a doctor.
**答案**
1. who/that
2. that/which
3. whom/that
4. when
5. whose
6. where
7. who/that
8. why
9. whose
10. whose
**解析**
1. 先行词“the man”指人，在从句中作主语，可用“who/that”。
2. 先行词“the book”指物，在从句中作宾语，可用“that/which”。
3. 先行词“the woman”指人，在从句中作宾语，可用“whom/that”。
4. 先行词“the day”指时间，在从句中作时间状语，用“when”。
5. 先行词“the house”，“roof”与“house”存在所属关系，用“whose”。
6. 先行词“the school”，在从句中作地点状语，用“where”。
7. 先行词“the girl”指人，在从句中作主语，用“who/that”。
8. 先行词“the reason”，在从句中作原因状语，用“why”。
9. 先行词“the man”，“car”与“man”存在所属关系，用“whose”。
10. 先行词“a friend”，“father”与“friend”存在所属关系，用“whose”。
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