十二、状语从句-精讲精练【思维导图突破初中英语语法】(含答案)

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名称 十二、状语从句-精讲精练【思维导图突破初中英语语法】(含答案)
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
十二、状语从句
**初中语法中状语从句的用法**
状语从句是在复合句中起状语作用的从句。它可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
**一、常见的状语从句类型**
1. **时间状语从句**:
- 常用引导词:when(当……时候),while(在……期间),as(当……时),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(自从),until / till(直到)等。
- 例如:When I was a child, I often played football. (当我还是个孩子的时候,我经常踢足球。)
- While I was doing my homework, my mother was cooking. (我做作业的时候,妈妈在做饭。)
2. **地点状语从句**:
- 常用引导词:where(在……地方)
- 例如:Where there is a will, there is a way. (有志者,事竟成。)
3. **原因状语从句**:
- 常用引导词:because(因为),since(既然),as(由于)
- 例如:Because it was raining hard, we stayed at home. (因为雨下得很大,我们待在家里。)
- Since you are not feeling well, you'd better stay in bed. (既然你感觉不舒服,你最好卧床休息。)
4. **条件状语从句**:
- 常用引导词:if(如果),unless(除非,如果不)
- 例如:If it rains tomorrow, we won't go for a picnic. (如果明天下雨,我们就不去野餐。)
- Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exam. (除非你努力学习,否则你不会通过考试。)
5. **目的状语从句**:
- 常用引导词:so that(以便,为了),in order that(为了)
- 例如:I study hard so that I can get good grades. (我努力学习以便能取得好成绩。)
6. **结果状语从句**:
- 常用引导词:so...that...(如此……以至于……),such...that...(如此……以至于……)
- 例如:He is so tired that he can't walk any more. (他如此累以至于再也走不动了。)
- She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her. (她是如此可爱的一个女孩以至于大家都喜欢她。)
7. **比较状语从句**:
- 常用引导词:than(比),as...as...(和……一样……),not as / so...as...(不如……)
- 例如:He is taller than I. (他比我高。)
- This book is as interesting as that one. (这本书和那本一样有趣。)
8. **让步状语从句**:
- 常用引导词:though / although(虽然,尽管),even though / even if(即使)
- 例如:Though he is young, he knows a lot. (虽然他年轻,但他懂得很多。)
- Even though it was very cold, she went out without a coat. (即使天气很冷,她没穿外套就出去了。)
**二、温馨提醒**
在使用状语从句时需要注意以下几点:
1. 时态一致性
- 当主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句和条件状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。例如:I will call you when I arrive. (我到了就给你打电话。)
- 如果主句和从句的动作都发生在过去,时态要保持一致或者根据具体语境进行相应的变化。
2. 引导词的区别
- `while`和`when`都可以引导时间状语从句,但`while`强调动作的同时性,常用进行时态;`when`既可以指时间段,也可以指时间点。
- `because`和`since`引导原因状语从句时,`because`语气更强,回答`why`的提问时通常用`because`。
3. 位置的灵活性
- 状语从句的位置比较灵活,可以放在主句之前或之后。但如果放在主句之前,通常要用逗号与主句隔开。
4. 逻辑关系的合理性
- 确保从句所表达的逻辑关系与主句相符合,符合实际的语言运用场景。
5. 避免中文思维的影响
- 不能直接按照中文的语序和表达方式来构建状语从句,要遵循英语的语法规则和习惯用法。
6. 注意固定搭配
- 例如“so...that...”“such...that...”等结构的正确使用,要注意“so”后面接形容词或副词,“such”后面接名词。
7. 认真分析语境
- 要根据具体的语境和上下文来选择合适的状语从句引导词,准确表达句子的含义。
**三、练习与巩固**
牛刀小试-单项选择题
1. I'll go shopping with you ____ I have time.
A. when B. while C. as D. until
2. We won't leave ____ you come back.
A. until B. when C. while D. as
3. ____ it is raining hard, they are still working outside.
A. Though B. If C. Because D. When
4. She was listening to music ____ I was doing my homework.
A. when B. while C. as D. after
5. I'll call you ____ I arrive in Shanghai.
A. as soon as B. since C. until D. before
6. He has been in Beijing ____ 2010.
A. since B. for C. in D. on
7. You can't go out to play ____ you finish your homework.
A. if B. unless C. because D. when
8. ____ he was very tired, he continued working.
A. Because B. But C. Though D. If
9. I was reading a book ____ my mother was cooking dinner.
A. when B. while C. as D. after
10. She was so happy ____ she got the first prize.
A. that B. when C. if D. because
突破中考语法
16 / 92
答案:
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. B
1. “when”指当某个时间点或时间段具备时,就会发生某事。
2. “not...until...”表示直到某个情况出现才会发生另一个情况。
3. “Though”引导的是让步状语从句,即承认前面的情况存在,但后面的情况仍会发生。
4. “while”侧重于两个动作在同一时间段内同时进行。
5. “as soon as”强调一发生某个动作,立刻就会有后续动作。
6. “since”接时间点,用于现在完成时态,表示从过去某一时间点开始持续到现在。
7. “unless”意思是如果不,除非,用于条件状语从句。
8. “Though”引导让步,表明虽有困难或不利条件,但结果仍发生。
9. 同 4,“while”体现动作的同时性。
10. “when”表示在某个特定时刻的情况。
巩固加强-结合语句意思,在空格处填入合适的词语,使句子完整
1. I'll call you ____ I get home.
2. ____ it rains tomorrow, we won't go for a picnic.
3. He was reading a book ____ I saw him.
4. She didn't go to bed ____ she finished her work.
5. I'll wait for you ____ you come back.
6. You can't go out ____ you finish your homework.
7. ____ he is very old, he still exercises every day.
8. We'll go swimming ____ it is sunny.
9. I was watching TV ____ my mother was cooking.
10. She has been ill ____ last week.
答案:
1. as soon as
2. If
3. when
4. until
5. until
6. unless
7. Though
8. if
9. while
10. since
解析:
1. “as soon as”表示“一……就……”,“I'll call you as soon as I get home.”意思是“我一到家就给你打电话”。
2. “If”引导条件状语从句,“If it rains tomorrow, we won't go for a picnic.”表示“如果明天下雨,我们就不去野餐”。
3. “when”可指时间点,“He was reading a book when I saw him.”意为“我看到他时,他正在看书”。
4. “not...until...”表示“直到……才……”,“She didn't go to bed until she finished her work.”即“她直到完成工作才睡觉”。
5. “until”表示“直到……”,“I'll wait for you until you come back.”意思是“我会等你直到你回来”。
6. “unless”表示“除非”,“You can't go out unless you finish your homework.”意为“除非你完成作业,否则你不能出去”。
7. “Though”引导让步状语从句,“Though he is very old, he still exercises every day.”表示“虽然他很老了,但他仍然每天锻炼”。
8. “if”表示“如果”,“We'll go swimming if it is sunny.”即“如果天气晴朗,我们就去游泳”。
9. “while”强调动作的同时性,“I was watching TV while my mother was cooking.”意思是“我妈妈做饭时我在看电视”。
10. “since”接时间点,用于现在完成时,“She has been ill since last week.”表示“她从上周就病了”。
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