北师大版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 1 Life Choices Lesson 1 Lifestyles 语法点动词不定式 课件（共26张PPT）

(共26张PPT)
动词不定式
tell me to go out with my school friends
it’s important to meet friends in person
What is infinitive
构成: to+ 动词原形
作用：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语等。
不定式 = to do
To save money now seems impossible.
01
不定式作主语
主语
不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
不定式直接作主语
It is important to meet friends in person from time to time.
形式主语
真正主语
01
It is our duty ________(take) good care of the old.
to take
不定式作主语
it takes sb. some time to do sth.
It took years of work _____________(reduce) the pollution.
to reduce
it作形式主语
What to eat is a question.
How to get there is the most important thing.
When to hold the meeting has not been decided.
Where to live is a problem.
疑问词+不定式作主语
谓语动词用单数
01
不定式作主语
I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term.
动词/动词短语+to do
02
不定式作宾语
When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it.
常见只接to do作宾语的动词:
ask, want, hope, tend
后跟不定式作宾语的动词：
三个希望（hope, wish, want）
两答应（agree, promise）
两要求（demand, ask）莫拒绝（refuse）
设法（manage）学会（learn）做决定（decide）
不要假装（pretend）在选择（choose）
E.g.
She agreed _________（have) dinner with him.
They refused ___________(go) there with me.
to have
to go
02
不定式作宾语
He really felt it an honour to win the championship in the international competition.
1. make
2. 表示“感觉/认为”的动词：
think，find，feel，believe, consider, etc
动词+ it +adj/n. to do sth 认为做某件事如何如何
She considers it important to exercise daily for a healthy lifestyle.
thinks
finds
believes
His unexpected visit made it impossible for me to concentrate on my work
02
不定式作宾语
【即时训练】
One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform.
to wear
接to do/doing意义不同的动词：
forget/remember/regret,
stop/go on
forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）
forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做）
remember to do 记得要去做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做）
regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做）
regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做）
to do 表示将要做的事、没有做的事
e.g. I regret to inform you that your application for the job has been unsuccessful.
She regretted not studying harder for the exam when she saw her results.
stop to do 停下来,去做另一件事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事
go on doing 继续做正在做的事
The bell rings, so we stop having class. We stop to have a rest.
to do 表示上一个动作的结束，开始下一个动作
【练习】
--Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it.
I remember _______（watch） that movie with you last summer.
to close
watching
My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead.
03
不定式作宾补
动词/动词短语+宾语+宾补（to do ）：
不定式表示主动、将要发生的动作
宾语和to do 是逻辑上的主谓关系
03
不定式作宾补
advise, ask, allow
beg
cause
encourage, expect,
force
get
help
invite
order
permit, persuade, prefer
remind, require
tell
warn, want, wish
+sb. to do sth
ask/tell/invite sb. to do sth 让/邀请某人做某事
03
不定式作宾补
want/wish/expect sb. to do sth 希望某人做某事
help sb. (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
I expect my team__________（finish)the project by the deadline.
My mom told me ________(clean) my room before going out.
The manager asked the team _________ (submit) their reports by Friday.
She wants her son _______（eat） his vegetables before having dessert.
to finish
to clean
to submit
to eat
Li Ying is the first person to join the volunteering club in her class.
He is the best man to do the job.
04
不定式作定语
由序数词、形容词最高级,the only,修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
He was the only one to speak out against the decision.
名词与不定式
主谓关系
一些名词后常接不定式作定语
不定式对名词的内容解释说明
She had a plan to improve her grades in math.
We should develop the students’ ability to solve problems.
The scholarship will give you the chance to study abroad.
ability, chance,desire, decision
effort, intention, need, opportunity,
plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way
名词与不定式
同位关系
He has a large family to support(= that he must support).
Mary needs a friend to play with （= that she plays with) .
动宾关系：名词是不定式的逻辑宾语
【即时训练】
1. Learning a new skill is an excellent way ____________(develop) your abilities.
2. The club offered an opportunity ___________ (practice)teamwork.
3. Mary is alway the first one _________(arrive) at class.
4. He has a chair_________(sit on), but nobody __________(talk to).
to develop
to practice
to arrive
to sit on
to talk to
注意介词，不能忘掉
When I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it.
She practices the piano every day _________(become) a better musician.
He works late ____________ (finish) the project.
to become
to finish
05
不定式作状语
不定式作目的状语，用来说明某个动作的目的
My target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university.
06
不定式作表语
在文中找到另一个不定式作表语的句子。